虚拟语气
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1,什么是虚拟语气
既然是“虚拟”,说明描述的这件事情未必发生或者几乎没有发生的可能性。那么对现在、过去、将来的虚拟就分别表示描述的事情在现在、过去、将来未必发生或者几乎没有可能发生。
虚拟语气常见于条件状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句中。
2,虚拟语气的句式结构(动词的变形)
①,If条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用,可参照上表来处理。做题时只需要将含蓄条件转化成if条件句即可。
例:Without your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= If you had not helped us, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. (对过去的虚拟)
②,wish后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
If only+句子=How I wish+ that从句
例:If only I were a bird. = How I wish that I were a bird.(对现在的虚拟)
③,would rather后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
④,as if/though从句中的虚拟语气
⑤,在坚持、命令、要求、建议的同根词下的虚拟语气用should+动词原型,且should可以省略。
此类词包括:
一坚持(insist);二命令(order,command);三要求(require,request,demand);四建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend)以suggest为例:
I suggest that we (should) take a rest. (虚拟语气)
My suggestion is that we (should) take a rest. (虚拟语气)
It is suggested that we (should) take a rest. (虚拟语气)
注意:suggest作“表明;暗示”,insist作“坚持说”时,不用虚拟语气。
⑥,目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
在in case,for fear that,in order that,so that等引导的目的状语从句中,用“could/should/might/would + do”表示虚拟。
例:They left early for fear that they would miss the bus.
⑦,在It is (high) time (that)...句型中,that从句用should(不能省略)+do或did/were表示虚拟。
It is (high) time that we should take an action.
It is (high) time that we took an action.