名词性从句的连接词选用
名词性从句连接词的选用
名词性从句的重点、难点、考点:Who whose whom连接代词What whichwhen where,连接词连接副词Why how:★that 无词义,不担任成分,有时可省略连接词whether\if 是否(不担任成分)as if★注意:连词的选用:依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。
如果句子中缺主语,指人用,指物用;如缺宾语,指人用,指物用;如缺时间状语用;地点用;原因用;方式用;定语用what或which;什么都不缺用。
whether 和if【(一)that 和what的选用:What 起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分。
That 只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。
he wants is a book.2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.result is ______ we won the game.is _____ we want to know._____ he told us true ?should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.(二)if 和whether 的选用不能使用if 的情况:a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.6. The question is _________ he should do it.doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon.8. I don’t know _______ to go.(三)其它连接代词和副词的连用~何时举行运动会还没有决定。
名词性从句知识结构图解
名词性从句定义:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses). 名词性从句包括主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句.h,等.在从句等在从句中做状语成分。
)I don’t know which book I should choose. (从句中缺定语)That she was chosen made a great stir (轰动) in her school.: ①it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:形容词+ that-从句It is necessary / important that….…是有必要/ 重要的….分词+ that-从句It is universally acknowledged that../ It is known that…众所周知…名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge/ a fact that………是常识/事实不及物动词+ that-分句It happens that…碰巧.. / It occurs to sb.that…突然想起……主语从句②It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较强调句:It is in the morning that the murder took place.(去掉该结构后,句子成分完整)主语从句:It was a pity that you shouldn’t go to see the film.(在句子中作主语成分)③whatever /whichever/ whoever引导主语从句的区别Whatever 是what的强调形式表示“无论什么”相当于anything that…Whatever / Anything that she does is wrong.whoever 是who的强调形式,表示‘无论谁’相当于anyone who….Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.whichever ‘无论哪个;无论哪些’,既指人,又指物. 可修饰名词与of连用Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to others.定义:在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句We can learn what we didn’t know.We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day.★某些作表语的形容词,如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可带宾语从句I am glad that you can come and help me.wish/would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。
名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1、连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
2、连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which
3、连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1、介词后的连词。
2、引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether不能被if 取代。
1、whether引导主语从句并在句首。
2、引导表语从句。
3、whether从句作介词宾语。
4、从句后有"or not" 。
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.。
名词性从句知识点
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:从属连词:that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)because。
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why,whenever,whereever.名词性从句的分类1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类
带领名词汇性从句的连交词汇可分为三类:之阳早格格创做连词汇:that(无所有词汇意)whether,if(均表示“是可”标明从句真质的没有决定性)as if ,as though(均表示“佳像”,“好像”)以上正在从句中均没有充当所有身分连交代词汇:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever连交副词汇:when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often没有成简略的连词汇:1. 介词汇后的连词汇2. 带领主语从句战共位语从句的连词汇没有成简略.主语从句(正在复合句中,做句子的从句喊主语从句.带领主语从句的词汇有从属连词汇that,whether以及连交代词汇who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever呵连交副词汇when,where,why,how等.)it做形式主语的从句1. It is +adj./n.+从句比圆:It is a pity/shame that…遗憾的是…2. It +vi.+从句比圆:It seems that…好像…It happened that…碰巧…3. It+be+往日分词汇+从句比圆:It said that…传闻…注意:“it is necessary / natural / important / stange…+that从句”那种句型里,that所带领的主语从句中谓语动词汇用“should+本形”,表假造语气.带领词汇that取whatThat带领主语从句是,只起连交效率,自己无本质意义,正在从句中没有继承所有句子身分,但是没有克没有及简略;what既有带领主语从句的效率,共时又正在从句中做句子身分(主语、宾语、表语、等),那时what相称于all that/everying that…比圆:What we can’t get seems better than what we have.咱们得没有到的物品好像比已得到的要佳.带领词汇if战whether带领主语从句时只可用whether而没有克没有及用if其余带领词汇连交代词汇who,which,whom,whose有各自的意义,起连交效率,并正在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连交副词汇when,where,why,how等有各自的意义,起连交效率,并正在从句中充当状语.宾语从句带领词汇1. 由连词汇that带领的宾语从句连词汇that带领宾语从句时,that正在句子中没有担当所有身分,正在心语或者非正式文体中常被简略.注意:①如果及物动词汇后里有二个(或者二个以上)并列的宾语从句时,惟有第一个连词汇that不妨简略.②正在demand,order,suggest,mand等表示央供、下令、修议、决断等意义的动词汇后,宾语从句时常使用“(should)+动词汇本形”③当宾语从句后交宾语补脚语事,时常使用it 干形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置.2. 由连词汇whether或者if带领的宾语从句Whether或者if带领宾语从句是仍生存“是可”的含意,从句仍脆持报告语序,whether或者if正在从句中没有继承身分.3. 由连交代词汇或者连交副词汇带领的宾语从句比圆:Could you please tell me how you use the new the panel?(您能报告尔怎么用那个心的支配盘吗?)时态正在宾语从句中,从句的时态时常受到主语从句时态的效率,果而正在使用时要注意主从句二部分的时态脆持普遍.普遍要按照以下准则:1. 主句如果是当前或者将去时态,从句不妨所有所需要的时态2. 主句如果是往日时态,从句谓语动词汇普遍要用往日时态的某种形式.注意:当从句形貌的是客瞅究竟或者客瞅真理是,从句要用普遍当前时.语序常常情况下宾语从句的语序用报告句语序,即“主语+谓语”表语从句带领词汇1. 连词汇that带领的表语从句That仅起连交效率,偶尔思,正在句中没有做所有身分,常常没有克没有及简略.那种从句往往对于主句主语的真质起进一步阐明的效率.其基础结构为“主语+系动词汇+that从句”2. 连词汇whether带领的表语从句连词汇whether起连交效率,意为“是可”,正在句中也没有做所有身分.3.连交代词汇what,which,who,whom,whose 带领的表语从句连交代语what,which,who,whom,whose除正在句子中起连交效率中,还不妨正在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语,且各有各的词汇义.4.连交副when,where,how,why带领的表语从句连交副词汇when,where,how,why除正在句中起连交效率中,正在从句中还充当时间、天面、办法、本果状语,自己具备词汇义.5. 其余连词汇because,as if/ as though带领的表语从句because带领的表语从句常常只用于“This/That/ It is /was because…’’结构中:as if/ as though带领的表语从句如果取究竟相符,从句用报告语气:如果从句的真质取究竟没有相符,则用假造语气.几面注意事项1.表语从句一定要用报告句语序.2.If取whether意义均为“是可”,但是带领表语句时,只可有whether,没有克没有及用if.3.当主语是reason时,其后的表语从句要用that带领.4.除了系动词汇be除中,其余系动词汇,如feel,seem,appear,look,remain等之后也不妨跟表语从句.。
英语语法名词性从句用法小结
英语语法名词性从句用法小结名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一. 名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类:1. that(无含义,不充当成分)2. whether, if(有“是否”的含义,但不充当成分)3. 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.(在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语)连接副词:when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why(在从句中做状语)4. as if,as though,because(不充当成分,在名词性从句中只引导表语从句)二. 四类名词性从句语法要点1.主语从句在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
it 作形式主语:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.很明显,他在这场事故中是无辜的。
2. 宾语从句在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
英语名词性从句的连接词选用
名词性从句的连接词选用名词性从句的连接词选用名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that ,whether ,连接副词,连接副词how,when,where 等。
(注:if 不能引导同位语从句。
)。
在各种考试中,其最主要的考查内容为连接词的选用。
名词性从句的连接词可细分为以下四种:(1)以that 来引导从句;(2)以whether/if 引导从句;(3)以特殊疑问词引导从句;(4)以关系代词/副词引导从句。
副词引导从句。
一、以that 引导从句引导从句当从句的意思已完整时,名词性从句用that 引导,that 在从句中不作任何句子成分,仅起连接作用。
如:接作用。
如:It is certain that he will do well in his new job. (主语从句)(主语从句)Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? (宾语从句)(宾语从句)My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. (表语从句)(表语从句)The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. (同位语从句)(同位语从句) 当用that 引导从句时,需注意以下情况:引导从句时,需注意以下情况:1.在主语从句中,that 一般不可省略,尤其是当主语从句位于句首时,它绝对不可省略。
如:如:That our team had won the game was good news to us.2.在宾语从句中,that 可省略。
但当句中有两个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个宾语从句的that 不可省略。
如:不可省略。
如:Everybody knows (that) the earth goes round the sun. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.3.当句子是以it 作形式宾语时,引导宾语从句的that 不可省略。
名词性从句连接词归纳总结
名词性从句连接词归纳总结名词性从句连接词是用来引导名词性从句的词语,它们在句子中具有连接作用,帮助我们将主句和从句连接起来,使句子更加完整和具备良好的语法结构。
名词性从句连接词主要包括疑问词、连接代词和连接副词等。
本文将从这三个方面进行归纳总结。
一、疑问词疑问词用来引导名词性从句时,通常表达疑问、询问或不确定的语气。
常见的疑问词包括:1. Who:用于提问人的身份或性质。
例如:I don't know who will come to the party tonight.(我不知道今晚会有谁来参加聚会。
)2. What:用于提问事物的性质、情况、目的等。
例如:I don't know what she wants to say to me.(我不知道她想对我说些什么。
)3. When:用于提问时间。
例如:I'm not sure when they will arrive.(我不确定他们什么时候会到达。
)4. Where:用于提问地点。
例如:I'm not sure where he lives now.(我不确定他现在住在哪里。
)5. Why:用于提问原因。
例如:I don't understand why he made such a decision.(我不明白他为什么作出这样的决定。
)6. How:用于提问方式或程度。
例如:I'm not sure how she managed to finish the project so quickly.(我不确定她是如何设法那么快完成这个项目的。
)二、连接代词连接代词用来引导名词性从句时,起到连接主句和从句的作用。
常见的连接代词有:1. That:用于引导限制性名词性从句,多用于口语和书面语中。
例如:He said that he would come to the meeting tomorrow.(他说他明天会来参加会议。
名词性从句
名词性从句一、名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有三类:连接词、连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接词有:that(本身无意义),whether/if (是否)。
连接词只起到连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。
2. 连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever等。
它们不但起到连接作用,还在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
3. 连接副词:when(= the time when),where(=the place where),how(=the way/that in which), why (=the reason why ), 它们不但起到连接作用,还在从句中作状语。
注意:what与that引导名词性从句的区别1. what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语,意义相当于the thing(s) that, 引导主语从句时,其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定。
①What the lecturer said is very valuable.②We wonder what he will do next.2. that 引导名词性从句不作任何成分,无意义。
引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,谓语动词用单数,引导宾语从句时,that常被省略。
①That he will refuse the offer seems unlikely.②We have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.③It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.二、主语从句的基本用法1. that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,that只起到连接作用,无词义,在从句中不作成分,一般不能省略。
That we invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.= It is good news to us that we invited to a concert this evening.2. if/whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾;引导的只能放在句尾,前面需要用it作形式主语。
名词性从句的连接词
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
名词性从句
注意:引导表语从句的连接词一般不 省略。
1.be, seem, look, appear, sound等 动词后均可跟表语从句: My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain.
4.The question is how you should ------do next. what
宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾 语从句。 1.作动词宾语
I don’t know that you will come here. I wonder what he has done.
I wonder whether it is true or not.
(2)介词后面的宾语从句用whether, 不用if Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.
(3)引导主语从句和表语从句用 whether,不用if Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.
badly.
4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物
动词 + that从句。
(1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.
高考名词性从句(非常全)
高考名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
名词性从句
(五)同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语, 一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词 的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
3.Wh-ever和 no matter Wh-的区别: Wh-ever:既能引导名词性从句, 又能引导让 步状语从句. no matter Wh-:只能引导让步状语从句. e.g. Whoever breaks the rule shoud be punished. He won’t believe whatever I said. Whatever I said, he won’t believe me. =No matter what I said, he won’t believe me.
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中 谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分, 连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)在从句中不充当句 子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词, whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无 任何含义)。
2. that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别: that在同位语从句中,不担任成分,只起连接 作用. that在定语从句中,担任成分,可作主语,宾 语和表语 e.g.The news that we heard on the radio is not true. The news that our class won the match was exciting.
2023年中考英语复习名词性从句讲解
名词性从句(复合句)一、主语从句1、语序:主语从句要求使用陈述句语序,而非一般疑问句语序。
2.连接词的选用(1)that 和what 的选用that 和what 都可引导主语从句。
what 除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当某些成分,可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。
而that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,无词义,只起连接词作用。
(2)if 和whether 的选用引导主语从句,不能用if,只能用whether。
(3)其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义,正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词,这些连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。
(4)whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。
它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。
要注意和whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。
Eg: Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(主语从句)=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.3.it 构成的主语从句(1)由连词that 引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面,而用代词it 作形式主语。
谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely 等词或短语。
名词性从句用法归纳
名词性从句用法归纳 Document number:PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
名词性从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1、从属连词(5个):(1)that无词义,在从句中不做成分,在宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略(2)whether,if 有词义,在从句中不做成分(whether,if均表示“是否”之意,表明从句内容的不确定性)不可以省略(3)as if, as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”之意)在从句中不做成分2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,有词义,在从句中做成分,不可以省略(who what which 在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what 指代没有范围的事物,which指代有范围的事物,表“选择哪一个”whom做宾语whose 做定语)3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义,在从句中做状语,不可以省略4、that省略的情况:(1)定语从句中做宾语(2)that引导宾语从句时(3)that引导表语从句时(4)主语从句中it做形式主语,that从句置于句末时5、that不可省略的情况:(1)定语从句中做主语(2)由that引导主语从句放句首时(3)that引导同位语从句时(4)宾语从句中i it做形式宾语,真正的that宾语从句中that不可以省略ii 一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个句子中的that不可以省略iii 与动词相隔的宾语从句,不可以省略iv that引导的宾语从句放在句首时,不可以省略二. 主语从句1、主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
英语中名词性从句的用法
英语中名词性从句的用法在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)。
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:Whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. Whether引导主语从句并在句首;2. 引导表语从句3. Whether从句作介词宾语;4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二、具体分类1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(⽆任何词意)whether, if(均表⽰“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表⽰“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:What, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever, whomever 连接副词:When, where, how, why, how many, how much, how often⼀、名词性that-从句主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 他还活着全靠运⽓。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这⼀事实令办公室所有的⼈不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对⼯作满意我感到很⾼兴。
⼀、⽆词义that引导名词性从句时⽆词义,仅仅起连接或引导从句的作⽤。
例如:I wish that she would understand me.我希望她能理解我。
It is said that there have been great changes in our hometown.据说,我们的家乡已经发⽣了巨⼤的变化。
The reason he didn't come was that he was ill. 他没有来的原因是他病了。
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名词性从句的连接词选用
名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where 等。
(注:if 不能引导同位语从句。
)。
在各种考试中,其最主要的考查内容为连接词的选用。
名词性从句的连接词可细分为以下四种:(1)以that来引导从句;(2)以whether/if引导从句;(3)以特殊疑问词引导从句;(4)以关系代词/副词引导从句。
一、以that引导从句
当从句的意思已完整时,名词性从句用that引导,that在从句中不作任何句子成分,仅起连接作用。
如:
It is certain that he will do well in his new job. (主语从句)
Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? (宾语从句)
My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. (表语从句)The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. (同位语从句)
当用that引导从句时,需注意以下情况:
1.在主语从句中,that一般不可省略,尤其是当主语从句位于句首时,它绝对不可省略。
如:
That our team had won the game was good news to us.
2.在宾语从句中,that可省略。
但当句中有两个并列的宾语从句时,
引导第二个宾语从句的that不可省略。
如:
Everybody knows (that) the earth goes round the sun.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
3.当句子是以it作形式宾语时,引导宾语从句的that不可省略。
如:He has made it clear that he will not give in.
4.that一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,偶尔可在except, but, besides 和in(在于…;在…方面)的后面引导宾语从句,that不可省略。
如:Your homework is quite good except that you have made two small mistakes.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.
在其它介词后面需要用that引导宾语从句时,必须用it作形式宾语。
如:
You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
5.在表语从句和同位语从句中,that不可省略。
如:
My advice is that you must give up smoking right now.
The fact that he is a thief shocked all of us.
二、以whether/if引导从句
引导名词性从句的whether/if意为“是否”。
在使用时,要注意两者存在以下区别。
1.在主语从句中,whether既可引导位于句首的主语从句,也可引导
用it作形式主语的主语从句,而if只能引导以it作形式主语的主语从句。
如:
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
2.在宾语从句中,当其后紧跟or not时,只能用whether,不能用if。
如:
I don’t care whether/if he comes or not.
I don’t care whether or not he comes.
3.在介词后面的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。
如:
It all depends on whether they will come back.
4.在表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。
如:The problem is whether the money will be enough.
I have no idea whether the money will be enough.
三、以特殊疑问词引导从句
英语中所有用来构成特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词均可以用来引导名词性从句,其选择取决于从句句意的需要。
如:
It remained unknown who(谁)let out the news.
I don’t know what(什么)I was thinking of.
The problem is where(哪里)we should stay.
My question how(怎样)I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
选择特殊疑问词需注意的情况:
1.要注意特殊疑问词在从句中所担当的句子成分:疑问代词可作主语、宾语和表语,而疑问副词(where, when, why, how)只能作状语。
如:
I can’t imagine who did it. (作主语)
I can’t imagine how he did it. (作状语)
2.Who在从句中既能作主语,也能作宾语,而whom只能作宾语。
如:
It hasn’t been decided who will manage the company.
They haven’t decided whom they should help.
四、以关系词引导从句
用关系词引导的名词性从句又可称作名词性关系从句,因为它实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。
引导这种名词性从句的关系词有:what(=the thing that), whoever(=anyone who), whichever(=anyone/anything that), where(=the place where), when(=the time when)等。
如:
What they need is a good rest.
I can judge by what I know of him.
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
We shall not forget when the meeting will be held.
She walked up to where he stood.
用关系词引导名词性从句时需要注意wh-ever与no matter wh-的区
别。
Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
如:
Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me. (=No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.)(引导让步状语从句)
He would believe whatever I said. (引导宾语从句)
Whichever/No matter which you choose, the others will be offended. Take whichever you like. 这里句中的whichever在不能用no matter what替换
最后,关于名词性从句的连接词要指出的是,根据句意,引导表语从句的还可以是as if/as though, because, as。
如:
It looks/seems as if it’s going to rain.
It was because I got up late.
Things were not as they seemed to be.
但是,当reason作主句的主语时,引导表语从句只能用that,如:The reason for my absence was that I was ill.。