2012年考研英语作文题目及范文解析汇总

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2012年考研英语（一）真题大作文范文

2012年考研英语（一）真题大作文范文A bottle fell A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out. Seeing this event, two men in the picture react in completely different ways. One is sighing for the loss of the spilt half of wine and cried in desperation that “everything screwed up!”. The“everything screwed up!”. The other, in contrast, is smiling over the rest half of the wine and is thankful for his good luck.“Is the glass half empty or half full?” is a common expression usedrhetorically to determine whether people perceive events and objects in an optimistic way or a pessimistic way. While an optimistic person alwayslooks on the bright side of life, the pessimistic person always focuses on the negative side and exaggerates the worst situation. The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it. In face of difficulties, the optimistic type, who bears hope in mind, will never flinch and will summon up courage to find the way to conquer the obstacles. The pessimistic type, on the contrary, tends to give up quickly and then brood over their own loss or failure, which in turn will throw their life in the vicious circle.It is quite obvious that if you want to succeed in a highly competitive society, all of us should try to develop an optimistic perception toward our life no matter how mean it is. To be optimistic is not only a matter of personality, more importantly, it is matter crucial to the future of your life.2011年考研英语大作文真题范文What a terrible and shocking scene it is! As is vividly depicted in the drawing above, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters are throwing rubbish into the sea, with many deadfishes floating on the surface. What is conveyed in the picture is both realistic and thought-provoking 。

2012英语考研作文

2012英语考研作文2012年英语考研作文题目，The Impact of the Internet on People's Lives。

参考范文：The Impact of the Internet on People's Lives。

With the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of people's lives. It has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and even socialize. In this essay, I will discuss the impact of the Internet on people's lives.Firstly, the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. In the past, people relied on letters or telephones to communicate with others. However, with the advent of the Internet, communication has become much more convenient and efficient. We can now send emails, chat online, and even make video calls to people all over theworld. This has made it easier for us to stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are.Secondly, the Internet has transformed the way we work. With the rise of telecommuting and online freelancing, more and more people are able to work from home or any location with an internet connection. This has not only increased flexibility in the workplace, but also provided opportunities for people to earn a living without having to commute to an office every day.Furthermore, the Internet has had a profound impact on the way we socialize. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to connect with others and share our lives with the world. We can now easily keep up with the latest news and trends, and stay connected with friends and acquaintances, no matter where they are.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. With the rise of social media and online communication, there has been an increase in cyberbullying and online harassment.Furthermore, the Internet has also led to a decrease inface-to-face interaction, as more and more people prefer to communicate through screens rather than in person.In conclusion, the Internet has had a profound impacton people's lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and socialize. While it has brought about many benefits, such as increased convenience and flexibility, it has also led to some negative consequences. It is important for us to use the Internet responsibly and be aware of its potential dangers.仿写：The Impact of Social Media on People's Mental Health。

2012年考研英语作文试题及范文1

第一篇（wolkebang）The picture symbolically illustrates (that) deforestation is becoming increasingly serious and depressing around the global. In the cartoon, even the only remaining (remained)tree, bald and begging for its(\) life, is facing a lumberman's axe. What is more, the sun, the field and the atmosphere are shining (in) eerie colors, which can(\) infer(s) that the pollution on the earth is also drastic and terrible.The drawer (artist) is sending a message about the significance of the environment protection (to us). Undoubtedly, the economy development is essential for prosperity of our country, flourish (prosperity) of our nation, and happiness of our life. Unfortunately,as (while) economy is booming, our environment deteriorates sharply. We are so development-oriented that we have almost sacrificed our blue sky and beautiful landscape for the purpose of obtaining a little material gain.As a consequence, it is imperative for us to take drastic actions. One the one hand, the factories should stop excessly (excessively) exploiting the forests and inordinately polluting our planet. One the other hand, there should be an increasingly severe measure from government against evildoing for personal profit.Sara点评：15分，基础还是可以的，内容切题，表达清晰明确，语言简洁！要注意个别词的书写和应用！第二篇（mingmeishang）The cartoon shows us a scene that a man handing (handed) with an axe is standing in front of the last tree under the setting sun. Around them, there are so many stumps left. Bending down its trunk, the only tree seems to please (beg) the man to stop his stupid behavior.The image above is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince its audiences the importance of substainable(sustainable) development. As human beings, we are eager to get wealth and then lead (live) a careless life. During this process, most of us pursue the short-term interests at the cost of the destruction of the environment. It is no denying this kind of actions may be a fast way t o get rich. However, this kind of irresponsible and ill-cosidered(short-sighted) behaviors should also finally turn earth into a cold and lifeless planet.We should always bear this in mind: the earth is the home of our (us) human beings, other animals, and (\) as well as all plants here. Therefore, while making great efforts to increase our current quality of life, we should simultaneously consider what will caused to the others.Sara点评：16分，文字连贯，语言流畅，句式变化丰富！稍微注意下个别相近词的区别与应用！继续努力，还有可以继续上升的空间！。

2012考研英语（一）真题答案（作文）

51题应用文Dear international students,I am the chairman of the Students’ Union. I’ve just received the emails from you and got the news that you would come to our university. Firstly, I’d like to show our warm welcome. On behalf of our university and all the students here, I really look forward to your coming。

In order to make all of you feel at home, here are some conductive suggestions. Firstly, you’d better take some warm clothes with you because it is winter in China now and it is very cold in Beijing. Secondly, I advise you to prepare some relevant knowledge about Chinese culture for better understanding in class。

I really hope you’ll find these proposals useful. And I’m looking forward to your coming!Yours sincerely,Li Ming52题大作文How vivid the cartoon it is! What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon, from which we can observe that in this cartoon stand two men and a bottle of milk. The 2 men show different perspectives toward the bottle of milk that is place on the ground。

英语二考研2012年作文

The2012English II postgraduate entrance examination essay question in China typically required candidates to write an essay based on a given topic,often involving current social issues,cultural phenomena,or personal development.Here is a detailed outline and a sample essay based on a hypothetical topic that could have been used in the 2012exam:Hypothetical Topic:The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal CommunicationOutline:I.IntroductionHook:A quote or a statement about the prevalence of social media.Thesis statement:The essay will explore how social media has both positively and negatively impacted interpersonal communication.II.Positive Impacts of Social Media on CommunicationIncreased accessibility:Discuss how social media allows people to stay in touch regardless of distance.Enhanced networking opportunities:Explain how social media platforms facilitate professional networking and the building of new relationships.Support for social causes:Describe how social media has been used to raise awareness and mobilize support for various causes.III.Negative Impacts of Social Media on CommunicationReduced facetoface interaction:Argue that the reliance on digital communication can lead to a decrease in personal,inperson interactions.Miscommunication and misunderstandings:Discuss how the lack of nonverbal cues can lead to misinterpretations in online communication.Privacy concerns:Address the issues of privacy and data security in the context of social media.IV.Balancing the Use of Social MediaThe importance of moderation:Suggest that a balanced approach to using social media can mitigate its negative effects.Encouraging reallife interactions:Advocate for the integration of social media with realworld activities to enhance,rather than replace,facetoface communication.V.ConclusionRecap the main points discussed in the essay.Final thoughts on the role of social media in modern communication and the need for a balanced approach.Sample Essay:In the digital age,social media has become an integral part of our lives,reshaping the way we communicate with one another.The2012English II postgraduate entrance examination essay could have focused on The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Communication,prompting candidates to analyze both the positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon.The advent of social media platforms like Facebook,Twitter,and Instagram has revolutionized communication by making it easier than ever to stay connected with friends and family,regardless of geographical barriers.These platforms have also opened up new avenues for networking,allowing individuals to forge professional relationships and find support for social causes on a global scale.However,the convenience of social media comes with its own set of challenges.The reliance on digital communication has led to a decrease in facetoface interactions,which are essential for building deep and meaningful relationships.The absence of nonverbal cues in online communication can also result in misunderstandings and misinterpretations, potentially straining relationships.Furthermore,the use of social media raises concerns about privacy and data security.The personal information shared on these platforms can be exploited,leading to a loss of privacy and potential breaches of trust.To harness the benefits of social media while minimizing its drawbacks,it is crucial to adopt a balanced approach.This involves using social media as a tool to enhance,rather than replace,reallife interactions.By integrating online communication with inperson activities,we can create a more holistic and enriching communication experience.In conclusion,social media has undoubtedly transformed interpersonal communication, offering both opportunities and challenges.As we navigate this new landscape,it is essential to find a balance that allows us to enjoy the benefits of connectivity while preserving the quality of our personal interactions.。

2012年考研英语大作文

2012年考研英语大作文篇一：2012年考研英语一大作文In the picture above, there are two men watching a fallen bottle, the water in which has almost all spilled out. Cupping his head, one of them says in distress that it is over while the other reaches out for the bottle feeling lucky that some water still remains in it. What a thought provoking sight it is !In common with these two men, people vary in sentiments towards same issues, which gives rise to different feelings. Facing problems, some people tend to look at the bad aspects and be unhappy, whereas others choose to lay their eyes on bight sides rather than the ones that bring only sorrow. It is beyond doubt that these pessimists live a life of better quality. What good would it bring when one choose to adopt a passive attitude instead of a active one to what is done ? In my humble opinion, it is highly advisable for people to take things optimistically since it is no use feeling down about what is done. After all, what life is all about is happiness not bitterness.篇二：2012考研英语万能大作文模板大作文：（1）正面（正确、积极的）：01、02、03、08、10反面（不正确的做法、消极）：04、05、06、07、09、11 （2）一幅图还是两幅图（04、06）（3）作文有无规定题目（仅02）（4）1st：描述图画，2nd:解释图画要表达的含义，3rd：严重性及采取的举措。

考研英语作文真题及范文：2012年

考研英语作文真题及范文：2012年这幅漫画象征性的描述了一个倒在地上的瓶子，一些牛奶洒了出来。

在这个瓶子的旁边站着两个人，一个垂头丧气的说“全完了!”，而另一个则说“幸好还剩点儿!”。

这幅画所表达的内容既意义深远又发人深省。

这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们在生活、工作和学习中遇到挫折时，不同的人持有不同的态度。

积极乐观的人总是能够发掘事情好的一面，而消极悲观的人总是为他失去的东西伤心抱怨。

总之，一个人的态度能够决定他的成败。

在我看来，我们应该向那个积极乐观的人学习。

在生活中无论遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该用积极乐观的态度来面对。

只有这样，我们才能取得成功。

范文This cartoon token describes a bottle that fell to the ground, some milk spilled out. The bottle stands next to two people, a dejected saying "is all over! "While another said" Fortunately have left! ".The contents expressed in the painting is both meaningful and thought-provoking.This cartoon is designed to tell us to live, work and learning are down, you, different people hold different attitudes. Optimistic people can always discover what's good side, and negative and pessimistic people always losing things sad for him to complain. In short, a person's attitudes can make or break him.In my opinion, we should learn from the positive and optimistic man. No matter what difficulties she met in life, we should use a positive and optimistic attitude to face. Only in this way, we can be successful.。

2012年英语考研作文

2012年英语考研作文1. Well, I guess it's safe to say that the 2012 English postgraduate entrance exam was not exactly a walk in the park. The questions were tough and the time was tight, but hey, that's what we signed up for, right?2. As I sat there, staring at the blank page in frontof me, I couldn't help but feel a wave of panic wash over me. It's funny how all those hours of preparation can suddenly feel like they were for nothing in the face of a challenging exam.3. But you know what? I refuse to let this exam define me. Sure, it's important and all, but at the end of the day, it's just a test. There are so many other things that make me who I am, and I'm not going to let a few hours in astuffy exam room change that.4. So, as I handed in my paper and walked out of the exam room, I couldn't help but feel a sense of relief washover me. Whatever the outcome, I know that I gave it my best shot and that's all anyone can ask for.5. And now, as I wait for the results to come in, Ican't help but feel a sense of excitement building inside me. Who knows what the future holds? All I can do is wait and see, and in the meantime, keep moving forward, one step at a time.。

2012年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become animportant issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of therule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justicesacted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent andimpartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind ofactivity makes it less likely that the court’s decisi ons will be _4_ as impartialjudgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code.At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_tothe rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to_12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal systemwas designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely_14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted infundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals withsocial policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher w ho breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear powe r plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never real ly intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, th e Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists usethe new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist AlbertAzent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unio ns keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians h ave repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping thepay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but apublic-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the pasthalf-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities definesscience. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, so cial and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。

2012考研英语真题作文

2012考研英语真题作文2012年考研英语真题作文题目：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should。

1) describe the drawing briefly,。

2) explain its intended meaning, and then。

3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

2012考研英语真题作文范文：The cartoon depicts a scene where a man is sitting infront of a computer, with piles of books on his desk, and a bookshelf behind him. He seems to be struggling to find the information he needs online, while the books on his desk remain untouched. The caption reads, “Has technology made us lazy?”。

The intended meaning of the cartoon is that technology, particularly the internet, has made us too reliant on itfor information and has made us lazy in terms of seeking knowledge from other sources. The man in the cartoon represents many of us who have become too dependent on technology and have forgotten the value of traditional methods of learning, such as reading books.In my opinion, technology has undoubtedly made ourlives easier and more convenient. However, we should not forget the importance of other methods of learning. Books, in particular, offer a depth of knowledge and understanding that cannot be found online. Furthermore, reading books can help us develop critical thinking skills and enhance our creativity, which are crucial in today’s world.To conclude, while technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and learn, we should not forget the value of traditional methods of learning. We should strive to strike a balance between the two and not let technology make us lazy.。

2012考研英语二作文

2012考研英语二作文英文回答：In 2012, I took the English exam for the postgraduate entrance examination. The writing part of the exam wasquite challenging for me. I remember one of the essay prompts was about the impact of technology on communication.I found this topic very interesting because it is something that affects all of us in our daily lives.Technology has undoubtedly revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of social media, instant messaging, and video calls, we can now connect with people from all over the world with just a few clicks. This has made communication more convenient and efficient. For example, I have friends who live in different countries,and thanks to technology, we can easily keep in touch and share our lives with each other.However, there are also drawbacks to this technologicaladvancement. Many people argue that it has led to a decline in face-to-face communication. Instead of having meaningful conversations in person, we often rely on texting or emailing, which can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations. I have personally experienced this when a simple text message was misconstrued by a friend, causing unnecessary conflict.中文回答：2012年，我参加了研究生入学考试的英语考试。

考研英语作文2012

考研英语作文20122012考研英语作文题目，The Impact of Internet onPeople's Lives。

参考范文：The Impact of Internet on People's Lives。

The Internet has become an integral part of modern life, and its impact on people's lives is profound and far-reaching. In this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative effects of the Internet on people's lives.First and foremost, the Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate. With the advent of email, instant messaging, and social networking sites, people can noweasily stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are in the world. This has made it easier for people to maintain relationships and has also facilitated the spread of information and ideas.In addition, the Internet has transformed the way people access information. In the past, people had to rely on traditional media such as newspapers and television for news and information. Now, with a few clicks of a mouse, people can access a wealth of information on any topic imaginable. This has empowered people to educate themselves and has also made it easier for businesses to reach potential customers.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. One of the most significant negative effects of the Internet is the impact it has had on people's attention spans. With so much information available at our fingertips, many people find it difficult to focus on one task for an extended period of time. This has led to a decrease in productivity and has also made it more difficult for people to engage in deep, meaningful conversations.Furthermore, the Internet has also raised concerns about privacy and security. With the rise of social networking sites and online shopping, people are sharingmore personal information online than ever before. This has made it easier for hackers and identity thieves to steal people's personal information, leading to an increase in cybercrime.In conclusion, the Internet has had a profound impact on people's lives, both positive and negative. While it has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information, it has also led to a decrease in attention spans and raised concerns about privacy and security. It is important for people to be mindful of the impact the Internet has on their lives and to use it responsibly. Only by doing so can we fully harness the potential of the Internet while minimizing its negative effects.。

2012考研英语(一)写作真题解析与参考范文

1、小作文：Directions: Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email inthe name of the Students' Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points).命题解析：在2011年所有的面授及讲座中，笔者均预测2012年英语（一）小作文70%的可能性是考察书信。

不出所料，今年再次考察了从2005年至2011年已经连续考察过六次的书信。

值得高度关注的是，今年再次考察了考研已经考察过四次的建议信：2007年给图书馆提建议、2008年给房东道歉加建议、2009年给编辑提建议、2011年英语（二）祝贺表弟入学并提建议。

尤其与2011年英语（二）的建议信颇为相似，均为关于大学生活提出建议。

再次提醒广大考生：反押题的逆向出题方式才是考研的命题方式！切勿以为考过的题型不会重考，真题才是最宝贵的复习资源！2011年笔者讲授的北京新东方学校各类考研写作课程均提供了小作文10大必背范文，其中均有1-3篇建议信，尤其是提供的招新启事前两段今年小作文均可使用。

拙著《2012考研英语高分写作》第63至64页详细讲解了建议信的注意事项、写作方法，并提供了经典范文与万能句型；第二章第五节详细解析了2007至2009年三年的建议信真题，各提供了两篇经典范文、参考译文与范文详解。

解析：2012考研英语作文

今年大作文图画给出这样一个场景：一瓶水掉到地上，洒了。

这时，两个人的表现完全不同。

一个人绝望地说“全完了”，另一个人笑呵呵地说“幸好还剩点”。

其实这篇文章来自于一个古老的话题：对半杯水的态度。

同样是半杯水，乐观的人看到会说半满，而悲观的人看到会说半空。

同样的事物，思维方式不同，就会有不同的结论。

具体写法如下：第一段：对图画的描写要一分为二去写，要突出不同的人对水洒了这件事，说了不同的话，表现出不同的态度。

第二段：对图画所蕴含的主题也要一分为二去看，不同的人对生活中同一情况、同一事件所表现出来的态度不同。

第三段：对图画可以一分为二地作出评论，当然亦可只选择乐观、积极一面评论。

一分为二写作要点：不一样的心态，对生活的感受就会有不一样。

不同的心态决定了我们对待学习、生活和工作的态度迥然各异。

只选择一面的写作要点：我们要积极地面对人生。

此篇文章和我们班上课时用的《考试虫考研英语考前作文三十篇》首篇“每枚硬币有两面”同出一辙。

这篇文章的范文很容易照搬套用到今年的大作文中。

我的作文班讲义在第13页也有这篇文章。

再说说小作文，今年小作文考得极其平凡，但又极其特殊。

建议信在过去的五年中考过两次，一般同学都会有投机心理，猜今年不会考。

但居然建议信今年考了第三次，命题老师真有当年红军四渡赤水的神机妙算，确实躲过了种种流行的预测。

对于很多人来讲这实在是场“杯具”，但对我们班来说却是喜剧，我在上课的时候详细讲了此种类型书信的写法，并给了两篇范文。

试题中的写作要求是：留学生要到你们学校来学习，首先要你表示对他们的欢迎，然后给他们的校园生活提点建议。

写作要点：首先以学生会的名义，表示欢迎。

然后提几点建议：一、我们这里冷，多带点衣服；二、来了后要认真学习；三、好好感受一下我们学校的文化生活氛围。

最后说盼望着你们来，并希望采纳建议。

今年的英语试题从作文和阅读来看，考题难度适中，没有难题、偏题和怪题。

命题非常规范，体现了很高的科学性。

2012年考研英语大小作文真题及范文

2012年考研英语大小作文审题和参考范文“年年岁岁题相似，岁岁年年人不同”，这句话诠释了近13年考研英语大作文的特点。

2012年1月7日下午的英语考试刚刚落下帷幕，广大考研学子还要为明天的专业课或数学考试做最后的拼搏。

在经历了从08年连续三年大作文部分比较容易审题之后，今年的考生普遍感觉大小作文和往年一样难度适中，体现在大家都觉得有话可说。

广大考生只要认真回忆我们启航强化和冲刺课堂上讲授的话题和背诵内容，就会发现此次大小作文命题都是属于我们课堂上多次反复分析过的图画作文主题，及有关欢迎和建议信内容模板的写法。

下面来分析一下今年的大小作文，并提供范文供大家参考。

从05年到07年，小作文已经测试过辞职信(道歉信)、请求信和建议信的写法，08年重考了偏向于与私人交流的道歉信，09年小作文接着又重考了考生对建议信的写作，2010年测试了告示的写作。

而今年2012年的小作文还是照搬近几年一贯的出题方式----书信写作，并没有测试今年在广大考生中流传的摘要的写法。

2012年的小作文要求给外国留学生来自己学校写一封欢迎信，并提出一些建议，属于欢迎信和建议信的综合写法。

出题老师并没有考单一的欢迎信，而是结合大学生的实际提出一些建议，这给考生充分的自由空间，建议的具体内容要求考生自由发挥的余地较大，考生可以思考出一些具体内容。

避免小作文模板化倾向。

可以说到中国的一些特有的文化或习惯，让外国学生来适应。

写到这些内容需要考生一个扎实的语言基本功，否则只能是望“卷”兴叹，写不出任何东西。

下面是我们提供的一个参考范文。

Directions:Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here。

2012年考研英语一真题及答案：大作文

2012年考研英语一真题及答案：大作文Part B52. Directions： write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1） describe the drawing briefly2） explain its intended meaning， and3） give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）大作文As is shown in the picture above， two men react in completely opposite ways when faced with the same event： A bottle fell off on the ground， and the wine inside spilt out. One is smiling，feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine whilethe other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up！”The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different attitudes towards life. Faced with a challenge， a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed. He considers himself powerless， and complains about it all day long， refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end. An optimistic person， however， may adopt an entirely different approach. He may not regard the challenge as something that bad； instead， he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent. As an old saying goes，“The way you perceive the world wil l determine your way to cope with it.”In my point of view， though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind or another in our life， we should be optimistic whenever we are confronted with challenges. If we are pessimistic，we are destined to fail，ending up accomplishing nothing. But if we approach the challenges in an optimistic way， we may go from victory to victory.。

2012英语考研作文范文

2012英语考研作文范文2012年英语考研作文范文，On the Importance of Education。

Education plays a crucial role in our lives. It is the key to success and the foundation of a prosperous society.In recent years, the Chinese government has been makinggreat efforts to improve the quality of education, and it has achieved remarkable results. However, there are still many problems that need to be addressed.First and foremost, the quality of education needs tobe improved. Many students complain that the education they receive is not practical and does not prepare them for the real world. They feel that they are not learning the skills they need to succeed in their future careers. In addition, the gap between urban and rural education is widening. Many rural students do not have access to the same resources and opportunities as their urban counterparts. This inequalityin education is a major concern that needs to be addressed.Furthermore, the pressure on students is overwhelming. With the fierce competition in the job market, students are under immense pressure to excel academically. This has led to a rise in mental health issues among students, such as anxiety and depression. It is essential for the education system to create a more balanced and supportive environment for students to thrive in.Moreover, the role of teachers is also crucial. Teachers play a vital role in shaping the future of our society. However, many teachers are overworked and underpaid. This has led to a decline in the quality of teaching and has made it difficult to attract and retain talented educators. It is important for the government to invest more in the training and support of teachers to ensure that they are able to provide high-quality education to their students.In conclusion, education is of great significance to the development of a country. It is essential for the government to address the issues of education quality, student pressure, and teacher support in order to create amore equitable and effective education system. Only by doing so can we ensure that our future generations are well-prepared to meet the challenges of the 21st century.。