【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思阅读考题回顾
2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案(1-5)
雅思阅读技巧很多考生都不陌生，由于阅读这部分的考试不是很容易，考生们都想在考试中获得高分，因此，在进行阅读的时候是需要大家掌握一些技巧的，有一些技巧可以很好地帮助大家获得高分，针对这些技巧，下面看看北京新航道的小编给大家整理的吧。
2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案（1）《一》“Business is war.”The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to stomers, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation(孤立)from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements(要素):players, added values, rules, tactics, and scope(范围)(PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.1, What’s the main idea of this passage? ______________________________________________________________2, The author of this passage is in favor of the idea that “Business is war.”(True/False)3, In game theory, cooperation no longer exists. (True/False)4, If you change one of the elements in PARTS, the game is changed entirely. (True/False)5, “PARTS”stands for _______.A.players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB.all of the elements in the game theoryC.the parties in a gameD.the parts that affect the result of the game6, The author emphasizes that _______.A.we shall play very hardB.we shall continue in the course we are headingC.we shall play in the right directionD.we shall always change no matter the change is good or not7, Choose the best answer, interdependent:ⅰbe depended ⅱdepending on each other ⅲdepend on others8, Choose the best answer, tactics:ⅰstrategy ⅱelement ⅲlawF F T A C ⅱⅰ《二》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job aftergraduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《三》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.B.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《四》1 One of the most intelligent animals on the planet is the dolphin.2 These unique animals have been regarded highly by humans for many centuries.3 In ancient Greece, if sailors saw dolphins swim by their ships when they were starting out ______ a voyage, they believed they would have good luck.4 One unique characteristic that makes them different from other sea animals is the way that they communicate.5 Dolphins use sound, touch and taste in order to learn about their world; however, unlike dogs,dolphins cannot smell. 6 They use a whistle or sound waves to see and feel their way around their environment. 7 This makes them different from many other sea animals and also helps them communicate _______ people.8 Another unique thing about dolphins is that the bones in their fins are similar ______ those in human arms and hands. 9 However, the connective tissue that surrounds the bones forms a flipper (鳍状肢) instead of a hand with individual fingers. 10 Even though dolphins live in the oceans, they do not drink the salt water around them. 11 Their bodies absorb water from the wide variety of creatures they eat.12 Loving a dolphin is an easy thing to do but, unlike a dog or a cat, the dolphin cannot come home with you from the ocean. 13 That is why many people like collecting dolphin souvenirs. 14 One can find many such things in almost every shop around the world. 15 Even the ancient people painted the images of dolphins on their vases.1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:____________; _____________; ________________.2. What is paragraph one mainly talking about?______________________________________________________ paragraph two:_____________________________________________________paragraphthree:______________________________________________. paragraph four:______________________________________________3. Change sentence 2 into active voice:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________4. The special way dolphins communicate with those around them is by ______.A. touching others with their finsB. making special gesturesC. smelling the creatures around themD. using whistles and sound waves5. The water dolphins consume mainly comes from ____.A. ocean waterB. what they eatC. rain waterD. sea plants6. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A. it is rather difficult to train dolphinsB. ancient people were fond of dolphinsC. dolphins are good petsD. all shops sell dolphin productson with toDBB《五》When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride andself-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.1. What is mainly discussed in the passage?___________________________________________________________ __________2. What is the author’s attitude toward beggars?___________________________________________________________ __________3. Change the underlined sentence into active voice.Related to this is the opinion that the government rather than ordinary people should _____________ the problem.4. Choose the best answer, Quite a few:A. manyB. a fewC. some5. Choose the best answer, pitiable:A. deserving pityB. lovableC. hateful6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.7. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion，because ______.A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments1. Arguments on giving to beggars.2. We should give some money to beggars.4. A5. A6.B7.A。
2013年雅思考题回忆汇总
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日
2013.06.08雅思考试口语真题回忆
2013.06.08雅思考试口语真题回忆合肥RM207 面无表情的老奶奶 P1 house和童年玩具, P2 一个你最喜欢的shopping street, P3 大商场和小商店以及网络购物一系列广州 P1： live in house or apartment.最喜欢家里哪个房间，衣服style，小时候谁帮选衣服。
P2： party party内容，叫谁，在哪，做什么 P3：什么时候合家团圆做什么，意义，节日传统习俗，地域时间区别(节日)。
北语 r211 一位白发慈祥的lady，一直面带微笑地看着我启发我多说，可是真的想不出来啊啊啊啊。
Part1 house，emails or letters，Tv program. Part2 an interesting country。
西安交大两点的room1 白人长胡子，P1 名字含义。
取名字谁给的。
住house还是apartment 最喜欢房间，有没有搬家计划。
P2 同意不同意学校的规定高频话题P3延伸到规则多会不会有压力!求RP济南room11 part1 apartment ,park ,concentration part2 interesting speech or talk part3 给孩子做演讲，给成人做演讲，演讲是否紧张，考官中年男性，和蔼，求6.5啊，攒人品南昌 room108 白人大叔，异常的严肃啊，p1 name p2 一个人多的地方 p3 traffic上大悉尼工商RM305 P1 你喜欢读书么你学习努力么课余时间怎么利用P2Toy P3 现在的小孩和之前小孩玩具的不同，原因，and so onpart1：house，concentration在这个问题上纠缠了半天。
part2：a very good parent。
然后居然说you speak so fast，但是为什么要让我停?结合part3他对我的坏笑，我知道完蛋了。
布里斯本，白人中年妇女，part1 what do you do?一天当中什么时候学习最好。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思阅读考题回顾
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思阅读考题回顾雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王上考试日期：2013年6月8日Reading Passage 1Title:Indoor Air PollutionQuestion types:Short Answer;Flow Chart;TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN;文章内容回顾室内污染的一大来源为做饭产生的空气污染。
题型难度分析本篇文章还是以配对题作为主打题型，而且还出现了特别耗时间但又做不对的选择题，再加上FALSE和NOT GIVEN总是纠结半天的是非无判断题，第三篇文章难度颇大。
题型技巧分析单选题：1. 95%的四选一的单选题是细节题，剩下的5%考察主旨，往往会出现在一篇文章的最后一个题型，让你选出这篇文章“最适宜的标题”，或是“这篇文章的主旨”。
2. 细节性的选择题，永远是顺序原则，通常来说，一段为一题的定位点，最多一段会有两道题的定位点。
3. 带着题干的关键词在文中定位，正确答案一定经过某种程度的同义替换，所以选项越是和文章内容形似，往往我们越要小心，如果选项出现太绝对的词，如：all, every, only, 等词时，选项会因为说的太绝对，而并非正确答案。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 Test 3考试趋势分析和备考指导：本次雅思阅读考试出现了很多“人见人烦”的配对题，尤其是段落细节配对题。
接下来的雅思阅读考试题型很有可能将会出现“判断题和摘要题数量保持稳定，配对题比重稳中有升，选择题一军突起”这三大特点。
未来几个月选择题的数量将大大增加。
之所以考生觉得选择题正确率低，是因为很多学生在正确定位之后，对文章的原句进行过度推断，而没有进行字面意义上的同义改写，除此之外，选择题的选项很多，学生在时间紧张的情况下，往往浏览题干时没有仔细研究，导致选错答案。
应对策略：考生要特别注意每一种题型的复习，切不可因侥幸心理忽视了某种题型技巧的复习，因为很有可能忽略的题型成为考试中的主导题型。
2013年6月8日雅思大作文范文
2013年6⽉8⽇雅思⼤作⽂范⽂题⽬：Nowadays, some countries encourage people to buy more and more consumer products, while others believe it is bad for the society as a whole. Discuss both views and give your opinion.作者：深圳环球雅思林奥As consumption index is considered as the most important benchmark of a country’s overall economic strength, the governments are issuing all kinds of incentive policies to stimulate the domestic consumption so as not to be left behind, while different voices arise to argue that this practice would produce a number of negative problems as its effects deepen. To this controversy, I hold we could never stop encouraging people to purchase more products for fear of correspondent troubles and risks.Strategically speaking, for developing countries, where are always found a high rate of unemployment, could create a huge number of job opportunities through promoting consumption. We are fully aware of the fact that countries like China, Brazil and India are now busy dealing with the youth unemployment, especially for the university students. These countries are all in bad need of job vacancies. Merely by introducing a strong consumption trend could they ensure sufficient offers to these young men and increase the need of employees as well. In terms of quality of life, this practice absolutely contributes a lot. After all, the raise of living condition is invariably associated with constantly updating the old products.On the other hand, there is cost for every improvement. The point is whether we are ready for it or able to pay for it. When domestic consumption soars, problems like overwhelming rubbish and damages to community environment crop up. Not only that, a further threat is near-by: throwing away the old products directly instead of repairing them. That consuming habit must lead to the loss of virtues and ethicsBased on the considerations from both sides, I still maintain that we should unswervingly carry out the policy to encourage consumption, not only for the sake of reducing the unemployment rate but also in view of raising the living standards as a whole.。
2013年雅思题目汇总(截止到10月12日)
2013年雅思写作真题汇总2013.01.05Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?2013.01.10Task 1；曲线图Task 2：It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19Task 1; 饼状图Task 2: In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.2013.02.14Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23Task 1: 流程图Task 2：Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14Task 1：表格Task 2：It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ?2013.03.23Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: 100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18Task 1: 柱状图+表格图Task 2：Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and developknowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Task 1：曲线图Task 2: Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16Task 1: 表格Task 2: People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on people’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Task 1: 地图题Task 2: Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Task 1: 柱状图+表格Task 2: Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.06.06Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: It is a government’s responsibility to provide financial sup port to old people after they retire or individuals should save money for themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion2013.06.08Task 1: 两个饼状图+一个柱状图Task 2: Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence。
2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)
2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。
中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。
“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。
深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。
赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。
完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。
阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。
2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。
雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心郑虹考试日期： 2015年10月10日Reading Passage 1Title: SeedHuntingQuestion types: 判断题6题摘要填空题5题多选题2题文章内容回顾大意是有一个群体，他们的职业就是收集种子，在全球各地行走，为生物科技公司或者药品公司收集植物的种子。
除了科研以外，还可以帮助我们保留正在濒危或者可能灭绝的植物。
因为这些努力，很多本应该灭绝的物种被保留了下来。
有个叫seed banks的地方专门用于安置植物种子，其负责人表示，在这些植物消失之前，能有人用行动拯救它们是非常可喜的。
但是很多这类seed banks也面临着资金短缺的问题。
题型难度分析1-6判断题1. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. TRUE2. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. NOT GIVEN3. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. TRUE4. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. TRUE5. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. FALSE6. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. TRUE7-11摘要填空题Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 7. extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 8. drugs/crops. They are called seed hunters. The 9. pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 10. Sir Joseph Banks, who financially supported collectors out his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks, one of which is the famous millennium seed bank, where seeds are all stored in the 11. underground vaults at a low temperature.12-13多选题Which Two of the following are provided by plants to the human?选：A & BA. foodB. fuelsC. clothesD. energyE. commercial products本篇文章的难度中等，第一个题型是判断题，判断题是雅思阅读必考题型，大家在备考的时候应该格外注意，判断题出题按顺序，不难定位到。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思阅读考题回顾
Direct Cause and Effect
The report demonstrates that if 100 million more homes were using liquefied petroleum gas or other cleaner fuels for cooking, then 473 million fewer people would be exposed to harmful indoor air pollution, and respiratory diseases would cause 282,000 fewer deaths each year.
Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Every Year
Cooking with solid fuels on open fires or traditional stoves creates high levels of indoor air pollution, which is a major risk factor for pneumonia among children and chronic respiratory disease among adults. Indoor smoke contains many pollutants that can damage health, such carbon monoxide and particulate pollution levels that may be 20 times higher than accepted guidelines.
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾
雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 2When you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when I stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest distance in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together.The furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when I plainly cannot resist the yearningYet pretending you have never been in my heart. The furthest distance in the worldIs not struggling against the tidesBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you.。
20150509雅思阅读考题回顾朗阁官方
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心李亚珊考试日期 2015年5月9日Reading Passage 1Title Solutions to Indoor Air Pollution (2013.06.08 P1)Question types Short Answer Questions 5题Summary Completion 4题TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 4题文章内容回顾介绍了关于室内空气污染治理项目的情况和成果。
如何帮助贫困地区的人们改善环境污染，先是回答三个第一段的问题，然后是改善措施的方法，最后是判断正误。
1-5 Short Answer Questions1. weight2. fuel3. distribution4. stoves5. consultations6-9 Summary Completion6. pilot7. review8. 10 million9. international答案分析：室内污染会造成新生儿的low birth weight；很多贫穷地区因为使用biomass fuel而对身体产生危害；有一种技术没有持续使用下去，是因为high distribution cost；有一种新的设备special stoves。
为控制室内空气污染项目的开展流程，开始会做一些consultations和proposals；在中国和印度地区开展pilot projects；先对已经存在的项目做review，这个项目设计让10 million人受益；这个项目是international范围展开的。
题型难度分析第一篇的题型包括简答，归纳填空题以及判断题。
本篇文章简答和判断的难度适中，归纳填空题个别题目定位略难。
题型技巧分析对于Summary一般把握三个关键信息：逻辑关系词，语法属性，定位。
首先，观察空格前后语义间是否有逻辑关系的连接词；其次，预测空格处所填的语法属性；最后，根据顺序原则在空格前后找定位关键词回原文定位。
2013年6月英语六级考试阅读真题及答案
2013年6⽉英语六级考试阅读真题及答案 Section A Direction: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete stamens. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s often assumed musical ability us inherited, there’s abundant evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s mother said of him. She may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you are prepared to crack the whip. Thankfully, most of us will probably settle for a bit of fun on the recorder and some ill-executed pieces of music-on the piano from our children. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思口语考题回顾
Have you ever visited a museum?
Is the visit beneficial?
雅思考试口语考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心吴艳
考试日期：
2013年6月8日
Part 1考题总结
考题总结：
Personal information & Introduction
What’s your name?
Are you a student?
What is your major?
Do you think the major is useful?
Are you working?
Do you have driving license?
Will you teach your child to drive?
How was your first day at work?
Is the first day at work important? Why?
What’s your suggestion on language learning?
What’s the most difficult part of language learning?
Do you prefer individual learning or group learning?
Food & Cooking
Do you think it is important to get up-to-the-minute news?
What do you think of advertisements?
Do you think advertisements are necessary?
2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)
2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。
雅思考试真题2013.6.8
25 Normal dolphin在New Zealand各个地方生活
26 Dolphin type 2组成small social groups
27 Dolphin type 3会跟在船只的后面游
28 Dolphin type 4在某个区域最多
8经验要求有helping customers和9 preparing food
10 probational period为6 months
Title
Type of Questions
Green Land Nature Park
Multiple Choice
V100715 S2
Section 2Questions 11-20
Title
Type of Questions
Why people do not want to buy innovative products
文章概要
Passage 3
文章通过不同的研究和理论解释了人们为什么不愿意买创新产品。创新能力对于公司来说很重要，但是做好创新产品非常不易，因为消费者并没有那么容易就接受创新产品。研究显示消费者不接受创新产品的原因非常主观，他们会把自己已经拥有的东西和创新产品比较；他们还会把创新产品的瑕疵放大，同等级的优点却被忽略。之后讲了一些针对消费者行为的研究。
Title
Type of Questions
Ways of Birds’Orientation
Completion
文章概要
Passage 2
文章主要内容为，通过一项研究，解释三种鸟类定向的方式。研究的方法是将鸟类带离自己的nest，看它们能否找回去。第一种鸟定位是靠很好的visual memory（答案）第二种鸟是会记得自己的migration direction（答案），他们不需要有landmarks（答案）来辨别方向；第三种鸟举的例子为laysan albatross（答案）
2013年6月8日托福阅读真题（新东方）
为⼤家整理了2013年6⽉8⽇托福阅读真题（新东⽅），仅供参考！！ 第⼀篇：细胞理论Cell theory 叙述了细胞从发现到形成"细胞理论"的过程，⽂中提到了很多科学家的名称。
第⼀段：科学家Robert Hooke在1665年运⽤"单⽚镜"看到细胞的轮廓，Hooke⽤"单⽚镜"观察细胞轮廓⽐当时的"双⽚镜"更有优势（细节题，为什么⽤"单⽚镜"观察）。
Hooke的历史地位在于他是看到"细胞"的第⼀⼈，并给这种结构命名为"cell",现在⼀直沿⽤，但是缺陷在于看到的只是"死细胞"--细胞死后的细胞壁留下的轮廓。
第⼆段：Anton van Leeuwenhoek第⼀次看到了活细胞，是从他的⽛龈上刮下来细菌（bacteria）。
但是他没有挑战错误的"传统理论"：⽣命从"⽆⽣命形式"发展⽽来（cell evolves from nonliving form and nothingness）。
同样错误的理论是：完整的细胞可由Nucleus (细胞核)⽣长出membrane(细胞膜)和细胞壁。
细胞难以被观察到有两⼤原因：1，技术不够成熟（technology）;2. 错误理论的根深蒂固。
第三段：Theodor Schwann和Matthias Jakob Schleiden进⼀步观察细胞。
他们共同观察了"动物"和"植物"的细胞，并得出细胞是""The cell is the fundamental element of organization，unit of structure and function"。
Schleiden在显微镜（microscope）下观察到兰花植物（orchid plant）细胞,并在显微镜下也观察到其他动物细胞。
雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科 After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being converted to a cable-laying ship and la ying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunnel under London's River Thames 题目配对 tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical innovations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (since engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turnof the century. Like many of Brunel's ambitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedulein the face of a series of technical probl我配了两个财务上不成功和建设推迟了很对次配对great eastern ems.Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对 Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method尮Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's pla The Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.yY/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的 YThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by Ame然后信息配对有一道是rican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth.这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Passage 1 Ambergris (旧题)Classification(6), Y/N/NG(4), summary(3)难度★☆难度★☆Passage 2Multiple choice(2 of 5), Summary(4), Headings(7)非洲小国的贫困难度★★placebo对医学的影响Matching, choices, T/F/NG Passage 3雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that can travela long distance without taking a Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city walldrink of water, the Oriental at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.Institute's CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient and modern space without pausing for the usual refreshment known best by archaeologists—digging in the soil.CAMEL (the Center for Ancient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,”said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain,however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography. James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites. Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards,and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Institute established in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 .Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.have Dag, archaeologists work at Kerkenes From the beginning of the latest trench Random about the site. more used nondestructive techniques to learn was recovered than much more information work would probably not turn up in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended. ervational and remote sensing techniques “By employing a range of obsblank the fill in to city, we have been able across the entire area of thesaid. Branting Oriental Institute,” earlier map made by the spaces on anThe work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with season another began. Currently, of precision once digging a high degree of excavation is underway.proved this has surface at Kerkenes Dag, “Since so much can be seen ontheto be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never grand such a been undertaken on before in archaeology has this technique virtual a work to produce model is the basis for ongoing scale. The terrain building neighborhood, neighborhood by the reconstruction of entire city, by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century . Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as effort a failed Lydian King Croesus in which Pteria, was conquered by the to block the advance of the Persian Empire.even can true, then we of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds equation “If themore precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 . and begin to understand something of its international importance,”Branting said Dematerialization消费-----雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》Until recently the role of consumption as a driving force forenvironmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy. dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the The word decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. Ifsmaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products.On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons, and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly tasks to be weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem,as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips made with the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In Althoughincreased. have may produced units of number the instances, these dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1). In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example,a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a numberof factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, larger plants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens,this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function asmaterializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys ., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances, pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.11/09/2010Academic Reading Y /N /NG和summary★☆恐龙的脚印Passage 1难度电子书和数字音乐9个list of heading，剩下是TFNG难度★★☆Passage 2道 summary3 6道，TFNG 5道和天文物理段落配信息难度 Passage 3★★☆Comment 难，HEADINGS出了9道题，段落配信息6个。
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Classify（分类，鸟类配习性）
Summary摘要
文章内容回顾
stroller鸟的飞行和年龄以及距离有关（7选4,没有NB），会因为年龄而影响成功率，也会因为距离长而影响回家成功率。methodology用于研究是否能回到自己的nest,找回家的路的能力在人与鸟之间的关系。
相关英文原文阅读
Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along aflywaybetween breeding and wintering grounds, undertaken by many species ofbirds. Migration, which carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, is driven primarily by availability of food. Migration occurs mainly in the Northern Hemisphere where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as theMediterranean Sea.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution is responsible for 2.7 percent of the global burden of disease, and pneumonia accounts for the deaths of two million children every year. In 2002, cooking with solid fuels was responsible for nearly 800,000 deaths among children and more than 500,000 deaths among women.
"Making cleaner fuels and improved stoves available to millions of poor people in developing countries will reduce child mortality and improve women's health," said Dr LEE Jong-wook, WHO Director-General, in a press release announcing the report. "In addition to the health gains, household energy programs can help lift families out of poverty and accelerate development progress."
Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Every Year
Cooking with solid fuels on open fires or traditional stoves creates high levels of indoor air pollution, which is a major risk factor for pneumonia among children and chronic respiratory disease among adults. Indoor smoke contains many pollutants that can damage health, such carbon monoxide and particulate pollution levels that may be 20 times higher than accepted guidelines.
About 90 percent of the costs of switching to better stoves and cleaner fuels would be borne by families that installed the new stoves, but investments in new technologies, local businesses, and micro-credit systems to help with financing also would be required to carry out the plan.
考点：1.数字是否精确和准确，注意数字前的nearly, almost, in excess of, exceed, more than, over
2.比较级，最高级，注意形容词的比较级和最高级，(not) as...as, the most
3.绝对限定词：all, only, fully, must, every, each, any, widely, largely等
相关英文原文阅读
Indoor Pollution from Cooking Fires Kills 1.5 Million People Annually
More than half the world’s population—about 3 billion people—cook their meals with wood, dung, coal and other solid fuels over open fires or on primitive stoves inside their homes, and that simple act is killing 1.5 million people every year, according to a report by the World Health Organization.
"It is a travesty that 1.5 million lives a year—many of those of children whose lives have not even started—are snuffed out every year because of needless exposure to indoor smoke," said Dr Maria Neira, WHO's Director for Public Health and Environment. “We have simple, affordable solutions; let us ensure that they reach the people who can benefit from—and live by—using them.”
4.因果关系词，as a result of, due to, lead to, contribute to, as, since,注意原因和结果，不要弄反了。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑桥真题5: The truth about environment
了解污染类话题的背景词汇。
剑桥真题9: The history of the tortoise
Cleaner Fuels, Modern Stoves
The solution is to help low-income families and developing countries switch to better stoves that burn liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, or other cleaner fuels. Switching from a traditional stove to an improved stove substantially reduces indoor smoke and immediately creates a healthier environment.
Direct Cause and Effect
The report demonstrates that if 100 million more homes were using liquefied petroleum gas or other cleaner fuels for cooking, then 473 million fewer people would be exposed to harmful indoor air pollution, and respiratory diseases would cause 282,000 fewer deaths each year.
题型难度分析
虽然第一篇文章有三种题型，但是都属于细节题，题干中都出现了明显的定位词，很好定位，很好作答。
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题作为2013年前半年超级主流的题型，不仅要拿下，而且要快速准确地拿下。
注意：可以定位的词：特殊定位词（数字，大写，特殊符号）和名词。一定要带2-3个定位词一起定位，确保快速准确。
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心王上
考试日期：
2013年6月8日