2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案
2017年雅思阅读考试精选习题及答案(3)
2017年雅思阅读考试精选习题及答案(3)Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group (art of Rio Tinto minerals) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We've been selling to this sector of the market since the1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it's expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It bindsall the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it's non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example oftalc's use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially usefulfor treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste isbetter if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through anolive press but nowadays it's more common to add water and (K-6IH) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be )and bottled. “Difficult” olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talc's flat, 'platey' structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves theyield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gumis long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunnyregions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperaturethat the sun's rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat thefruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc isvery hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readilyinto suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and of course it had to wash off easily when thefruit was harvested. No-one's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.。
雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析
雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析赶脚的对头是脚懒，学习的对头是自满。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. Thechallenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bough t the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but wasless pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do nothave to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write YES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life. Answer keys：1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行：Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increaseimpulse buying using this phenomenon.)4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语“get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的.试验要等到春天才开始)8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)9. 答案：YES。
2017年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：沙丘
⽂章标题沙丘 sand dunes
⽂章⼤意
讲的是sand dunes ，形状形成原因移动什么的还会发出什么声⾳。
先讲沙化现在多严重，再将沙化分类；接着才进⼊正题将关其中很⼩⽐例的貌似是流沙的的现象关于他的研究后边
主要是关于这种沙地会发⼀种低频声⾳的研究科学家找到了⼀些线索并且仿制出了类似的声⾳
题⽬类型LOH⽆例⼦
MC
S关于沙⼦发声成因的具体两段。
参考答案LOH：
A，建筑物和⼯⼚的潜在敌⼈。
？
B，最普通的沙丘，commonest
C，
D，⼀个循环的过程，（就是沙丘形成的过程）E，沙丘到⼀起然后结合re-forming？
F，最后⼀个选项，没看懂，但是就只有这个可能了G，在实验室中重建模型
S：
（），shape，tone，minerals。
2017年雅思IELTS考试备考资料模拟试题及答案5
READING TEST You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on Questions 1-14 which refer to Reading Passage below. The private car is assumed to have widened our horizons and increased our mobility. When we consider our children's mobility, they can be driven to more places (and more distant places) than they could visit without access to a motor vehicle. However, allowing our cities to be dominated by cars has progressively eroded children's independent mobility. Children have lost much of their freedom to explore their own neighborhood or city without adult supervision. In recent surveys, when parents in some cities were asked about their own childhood experiences, the majority remembered having more, or far more, opportunities for going out on their own, compared with their own children today. They had more freedom to explore their own environment. Children's independent access to their local streets may be important for their own personal, mental and psychological development. Allowing them to get to know their own neighborhood and community gives them a 'sense of place'. This depends on active exploration', which is not provided for when children are passengers in cars. (Such children may see more, but they learn less.) Not only is it important that children be able to get to local play areas by themselves, but walking and cycling journeys to school and to other destinations provide genuine play activities in themselves. There are very significant time and money costs for parents associated with transporting their children to school, sport and to other locations. Research in the United Kingdom estimated that this cost, in 1990, was between 10 billion and 20 billion pounds. The reduction in children's freedom may also contribute to a weakening of the sense of local community. As fewer children and adults use the streets as pedestrians, these streets become less sociable places. There is less opportunity for children and adults to have the spontaneous exchanges that help to engender a feeling of community. This in itself may exacerbate fear associated with assault and molestation of children, because there are fewer adults available who know their neighbors' children, and who can look out for their safety. The extra traffic involved in transporting children results in increased traffic congestion, pollution and accident risk. As our roads become more dangerous, more parents drive their children to more places, thus contributing to increased levels of danger for the remaining pedestrians. Anyone who has experienced either the reduced volume of traffic jams near schools at the end of a school day, will not need convincing about these points. Thus, there are also important environmental implications of children's loss of freedom. As individuals, parents strive to provide the best upbringing they can for their children. However, in doing so, (e.g. by driving their children to sport, school or recreation) parents may be contributing to a more dangerous environment for children generally. The idea that 'streets are for cars and back yards and playgrounds are for children' is a strongly held belief, and parents have little choice as individuals but to keep their children off the streets if they want to protect their safety. In many parts of Dutch cities, and some traffic calmed precincts in Germany, residential streets are now places where cares must give way to pedestrians. In these areas, residents are accepting the view that the function of streets is not solely to provide mobility for cars. Streets may also be for social interaction, walking, cycling and playing. One of the most important aspects of these European cities, in terms of giving cities back to children, has been a range of 'traffic calming' initiatives, aimed at reducing the volume and speed of traffic. These initiatives have had complex interactive effects, leading to a sense that children have been able to 'recapture' their local neighborhood, and more importantly, that they have been able to do this in safety. Recent research has demonstrated that children in many German cities have significantly higher levels of freedom to travel to places in their own neighborhood or city than children inn other cities in the world. Modifying cities in order to enhance children's freedom will not only benefit children. Such cities will become more environmentally sustainable, as well as more sociable and more livable for all city residents. Perhaps it will be our concern for our children's welfare that convinces us that we need to challenge that we need to challenge the dominance of the car in our cities. Questions 1-5. Read statements 1-5 which relate to Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of the reading passage. Answer T if the statement is true, F if the statement is false, or NI if there is no information given in the passage. One has been done for you as an example. Example: The private car has made people more mobile. Answer: T Q1.The private car has helped children have more opportunities to learn. Q2.Children are more independent today than they used to be. Q3.Walking and cycling to school allows children to learn more. Q4.Children usually walk or cycle to school. Q5.Parents save time and money by during children to school. Questions 6-9. In Paragraphs 4 and 5, there are FOUR problems stated. These problems, numbered as questions 6-9, are listed below. Each of these problems has a cause, listed A-G. Find the correct cause for each of the problems and write the corresponding letter A-G, in the spaces numbered 6-9 on the answer sheet. One has been done for you as an example.There are more causes than problems so you will not use all of them and you any use any cause more than once. Problems Causes Example: Answer Low sense of community feeling F Q6.streets become less sociable ____ Q7.fewer chances for meeting friends ____ Q8.fears of danger for children ____ Q9.higher accident risk ____ A few adults know local children B fewer people use the streets C increased pollution D streets are less friendly E less traffic in school holidays F reduced freedom for children G more children driven to school Questions 10-14. Questions 10-14 are statement beginnings which represent information given in Paragraphs 6, 7 and 8. In the box below, there are some statement endings numbered ⅰ-ⅹ. Choose the correct ending for each statement. One has been done for you as an example. Example: By driving their children to school, parents help create… Answer: ⅰ Q10.Children should play… Q11.In some German towns, pedestrians have right of way… Q12.Streets should also be used for… Q13.Reducing the amount of traffic and the speed is… Q14.All people who live in the city will benefit if cities are… List of statement endings ⅰ … a dangerous environment. ⅱ … modified. ⅲ … on residential streets. ⅳ … modifying cities. ⅴ … neighbourhoods. ⅵ … socializing. ⅶ … in backyards. ⅷ … for cars. ⅸ … traffic calming. ⅹ … residential.。
雅思阅读真题及参考答案
雅思阅读真题及参考答案2017雅思阅读真题及参考答案在准备雅思阅读复习的时候，可以通过做一些真题来提高做题效率。
为此店铺为大家带来雅思考试阅读真题以及参考答案。
雅思考试阅读真题及答案The Afghan army says at least ten members of the T aliban have been beheaded by rival militants from the Islamic State group in the east of the country. The beheadings followed weeks of fierce fightings between the two groups. Mark Lobell reports from Kabul.“The revelations emerged in a secret memo from the Afghan army’s 201th Col mistaken ly sent to the media on Wednesday. The document says that a Taliban attack on a government-held area in the remote action district close to the border with Pakistan was repelled by the army. Then ten fleeing insurgents were captured by Islamic State militants and beheaded. This is the first known beheadings of Taliban members by Islamic State linked fighters who have reportedly been trying to recruit soldiers from the Taliban.”South African police have launched a preliminary investigation into allegations that the country’s football association paid a $10 million bribe to FIFA officials to host the 2010 World Cup. The claim emerged as part of a corruption scandal that engulfed FIFA. South Africa’s Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene said he had seen no indication of financial wrong doing.“We were very vigorous and then all the available information that we save before those instructions were intensely interrogated and I can attest that none of such evidence eversurfaced in those meetings.”Britain’s Sports Minister John Whittingdale says there’s a strong case for rerunning the bids to host the World Cup in 2018 and 2022 if there’s evidence of corruption. FIFA awarded the tournaments to Russia and Qatar.The Chinese authorities say they are planning to right the cruise ship that overturned in the Yangtze River on Monday. More than 450 people on board, but only 14 are known to have survived. From Jianli on the Yangtze River, John Sudworth reports.“The divers have been battling near 0 visibility and serious risks i n trying to search ship’s 150 compartments. The body recovery work had begun to gather pace after holes were cut into the Eastern Star’s exposed upturned hull allowing workers to enter from above, but it now seems the engineers have decided the best option is to raise the 4-decked cruise ship out of the water. Hooks have been well in the place and the net has been stretched around the entire structure.”Google has apologized to the India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi after his photo appeared in Internet search results for the world’s top ten criminals. Here's Anberison at Rajkot."Google said the way images were described on the Internet could lead to surprising results to specific queries and they were not reflective of the opinions of the company. Google’s apology came after many Indian politicians and commentators expressed concern on social media. Despite the company’s apology, an image search for the world’s top ten criminals still shows pictures of Mr Modi alongside the wanted militants, murders and dictators."马里恩·马歇尔为你播报BBC新闻。
雅思试题阅读模拟练习及答案
雅思试题阅读模拟练习及答案2017年雅思试题阅读模拟练习及答案你们必须向上代学习，必须掌握人类已经取得的.最优秀的成果，然后再由此推陈出新。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理2017年雅思试题阅读模拟练习及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!This reading test contains 11 questions. You shouldspend about 20 minutes on this task.Read the passage below and answer 11 questions.Section AMuynak used to be a port city. Inhabitants ofMuynak, of which there are fewer and fewer, nowpose for pictures next to ships which were onceanchored along the shores of the Aral Sea, but arenow stranded in an ocean of sand where water oncewas. These pictures are published in scientificjournals and magazines alongside descriptions of how what was once the world’s fourth largestlake may disappear altogether by 2020.Section BThe Aral Sea is located in the central Asian desert between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In1960, it covered 68,000 km2, and its waters fed agriculture across the region. By 1998, thearea of the Aral Sea had shrunk to one third of its previous size and has now become asymbol of how drastically human activities can adversely affect the environment, and howmuch this effect can, in turn, affect human activities.Section CThe reason for this change is not exclusively due to man. Droughts in the 1970s and 80sreduced the amount of water carried by the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, two rivers whichfeed the sea. However, farming policies implemented during themiddle of the 20th centuryincreased the farming of water-hungry crops like cotton, and farmers used vast quantities ofwater from these two rivers to irrigate their land. The result of this was that very little waterwas entering the Aral Sea, and it consequently began decreasing in volume.Section DPolicy makers at the time were aware of the effect of diverting so much water for agriculture,but they saw it as an acceptable trade-off to improving agricultural output, and therebyimproving the economy. The sea itself was of less importance to the progress of society thanfarming which could produce not only crops for domestic use but commodities for trade.Section EThey did not, however, anticipate all the effects that the drying of the Aral Sea would have.The Aral Sea is a salt-water sea, and the salt left behind when the waters retreated has nowblown away with wind and storms, making patches of land unsuitable for farming. This affectsnot only the surrounding region, but lands as far as a thousand kilometers away. In addition,the remaining waters have become increasingly more concentrated in salt, and this is killing offa once thriving fishing industry as it kills off the fish themselves. The Aral Sea, like all largebodies of water, has a strong effect on local climate, and as it has disappeared, harvestingseasons have become shorter and dryer. Many farmers in the surrounding area have had togive up growing cotton because the growing season is not long enough for this crop.Section FThe effect on inhabitants of the area is not limited toeconomics and productivity. The healthof those living in the area has deteriorated due to a supply of drinking water which has highconcentrations of minerals. The area has seen sharp jumps in the rates of cancer andrespiratory illnesses.Section GThere are compelling reasons to halt and try to reverse the fate of the Aral Sea, but it wouldbe difficult. The region, though weakened by worsening conditions, still depends on agricultureto survive, and there are no alternative sources of water. In the 1980s, it was proposed todivert water from rivers far to the north in an effort to save the Aral Sea, and it might haveworked had the price of the project, an estimated $250 billion, not been prohibitive.The Reading Passage has seven sections, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi) Man mostly to blameii) Devastating outcomesiii) A port in a sea of sandiv) A lost causev) The world's fourth largest lakevi) A symbol of environmental disastervii) A man-made disasterviii) A fair exchange?ix) Poisonous watersx) The problem of salt1) Section A2) Section B3) Section C4) Section D5) Section E6) Section F7) Section GDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?On your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8) The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya were not water sources before the 20th century.9) The Aral Sea will be saved by diverting water from other rivers.10) Many farmers have had to stop growing cotton and opt for other crops due to increased salt in the soil.11) Policy makers were unaware of how much the Aral Sea would shrink due to increased agriculture in the area.1) iii2) vi3) i4) viii5) ii6) ix7) iv8) NOT GIVEN9) FALSE10) FALSE11) TRUE。
2017年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：简单英语
2017 年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：简单英语Summary
参考答案
判断题
1) 美国换了总统后那个运动就没效果了 (文中说虽然换了个总统，但还是怎样怎样) F
2) the campaigner has problem talking with the officials NG
3)推广 plain English 产生了 economic benefits (文中说增加了 sales) T
4)patients talk with docotors 后因为 doctors tend to use jargon(专业术语) 然后病人 confused (文中说是 medicine label 就是药瓶上的标签，不是谈话) NG
5)还有个是关于法院的 word check is made rugularly(文中好像说有个法官觉得应该 pay attention to those words have been used years on the courts, 他只是说我们应该注意) NG
填空题
我记得有个关于 DO-IT-YOURSELF(好像是)说应该现在 first-time users 上测试，他们通常感觉 upset (这个词我忘了是什么，反正就在那一句里面) 其他的反正应该不是很难，就在那几段里面。
哦，我还记得有个填 legal jargon。
雅思阅读模拟专项试题训练带答案2017
雅思阅读模拟专项试题训练带答案2017一分耕耘，一分收获;要收获的好，必须耕耘的好，以下是小编为大家搜索整理的雅思阅读模拟专项试题训练带答案2017，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!This reading test contains 11 questions. You shouldspend about 20 minutes on this task.Read the passage below and answer 11 questions.Section AMuynak used to be a port city. Inhabitants ofMuynak, of which there are fewer and fewer, nowpose for pictures next to ships which wereonceanchored along the shores of the Aral Sea, but arenow stranded in an ocean of sand where water oncewas. These pictures are published in scientificjournals and magazines alongside descriptions of how what was once the world’s fourth largestlake may disappear altogether by 2020.Section BThe Aral Sea is located in the central Asian desert between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In1960, it covered 68,000 km2, and its waters fed agriculture across the region. By 1998, thearea of the Aral Sea had shrunk to one third of its previous size and has now become asymbol of how drastically human activities can adversely affect the environment, and howmuch this effect can, in turn, affect human activities.Section CThe reason for this change is not exclusively due to man. Droughtsin the 1970s and 80sreduced the amount of water carried by the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, two rivers whichfeed the sea. However, farming policies implemented during the middle of the 20th centuryincreased the farming of water-hungry crops like cotton, and farmers used vast quantities ofwater from these two rivers to irrigate their land. The result of this was that very little waterwas entering the Aral Sea, and it consequently began decreasing in volume.Section DPolicy makers at the time were aware of the effect of diverting so much water for agriculture,but they saw it as an acceptable trade-off to improving agricultural output, and therebyimproving the economy. The sea itself was of less importance to the progress of society thanfarming which could produce not only crops for domestic use but commodities for trade.Section EThey did not, however, anticipate all the effects that the drying of the Aral Sea would have.The Aral Sea is a salt-water sea, and the salt left behind when the waters retreated has nowblown away with wind and storms, making patches of land unsuitable for farming. This affectsnot only the surrounding region, but lands as far as a thousand kilometers away. In addition,the remaining waters have become increasingly more concentrated in salt, and this is killing offa once thriving fishing industry as it kills off the fish themselves. The Aral Sea, like all largebodies of water, has a strong effect on local climate, and as it has disappeared, harvestingseasons have become shorter and dryer. Many farmers in the surrounding area have had togive up growing cotton because the growing season is not long enough for this crop.Section FThe effect on inhabitants of the area is not limited to economics and productivity. The healthof those living in the area has deteriorated due to a supply of drinking water which has highconcentrations of minerals. The area has seen sharp jumps in the rates of cancer andrespiratory illnesses.Section GThere are compelling reasons to halt and try to reverse the fate of the Aral Sea, but it wouldbe difficult. The region, though weakened by worsening conditions, still depends on agricultureto survive, and there are no alternative sources of water. In the 1980s, it was proposed todivert water from rivers far to the north in an effort to save the Aral Sea, and it might haveworked had the price of the project, an estimated $250 billion, not been prohibitive.The Reading Passage has seven sections, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi) Man mostly to blameii) Devastating outcomesiii) A port in a sea of sandiv) A lost causev) The world's fourth largest lake vi) A symbol of environmental disastervii) A man-made disaster viii) A fair exchange? ix) Poisonous watersx) The problem of salt1) Section A2) Section B3) Section C4) Section D5) Section E6) Section F7) Section GDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?On your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8) The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya were not water sources before the 20th century.9) The Aral Sea will be saved by diverting water from other rivers.10) Many farmers have had to stop growing cotton and opt for other crops due to increased salt in the soil.11) Policy makers were unaware of how much the Aral Sea would shrink due to increased agriculture in the area.参考答案1) iii2) vi3) i4) viii5) ii6) ix7) iv8) NOT GIVEN9) FALSE10) FALSE11) TRUE。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案It's never too late to mend.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!THE GAP of INGENUITY 2Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including the society's goals and the circumstances within which it must achieve those goals——whether it has a young population or an aging one, an abundance of natural resources or a scarcity of them, an easy climate or a punishing one, whatever the case may be.How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society supplies also depends on many factors, such as the nature of human inventiveness and understanding, the rewards an economy gives to the producers of useful knowledge, and the strength of political opposition to social and institutional reforms.A good supply of the right kind of ingenuity is essential, but it isn't, of course, enough by itself. We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, or at least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power. Yet within our economics ingenuity often supplants labor, and growth in the stock of physical plant is usually accompanied by growth in the stock of ingenuity. And in our political systems, we need great ingenuity to set up institutions that successfully manage struggles over wealth and power. Clearly, our economic and political processes are intimately entangled with the production and use of ingenuity.The past century’s countless incremental changes in our societies around the planet, in our technologies and our interactions with our surrounding natural environments have accumulated to create a qualitatively new world. Because these changes have accumulated slowly, It’s often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping they've. They include far larger and denser populations; much higher per capita consumption of natural resources; and far better and more widely available technologies for the movement of people, materials, and especially information.In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, and pace of our inter actions with each other; they have greatly increased the burden we place on our natural environment; and they have helped shift power from national and international institutions to individuals and subgroups, such as political special interests and ethnic factions.As a result, people in all walks of life-from our political and business leaders to all of us in our day-to-day——must cope with much more complex, urgent, and often unpredictable circumstances. The management of our relationship with this new world requires immense and ever-increasing amounts of social and technical ingenuity. As we strive to maintain or increase our prosperity and improve the quality of our lives, we must make far more sophisticated decisions, and in less time, than ever before.When we enhance the performance of any system, from our cars to the planet's network of financial institutions, we tend to make it more complex. Many of the natural systems critical toour well-being, like the global climate and the oceans, are extraordinarily complex to begin with. We often can't predict or manage the behavior of complex systems with much precision, because they are often very sensitive to the smallest of changes and perturbations, and their behavior can flip from one mode to another suddenly and dramatically. In general, as the human-made and natural systems we depend upon become more complex, and as our demands on them increase, the institutions and technologies we use to manage them must become more complex too, which further boosts our need for ingenuity.The good news, though, is that the last century's stunning changes in our societies and technologies have not just increased our need for ingenuity; they have also produced a huge increase in its supply. The growth and urbanization of human populations have combined with astonishing new communication and transportation technologies to expand interactions among people and produce larger, more integrated, and more efficient markets. These changes have, in turn, vastly accelerated the generation and delivery of useful ideas.But—and this is the critical "but"——we should not jump to the conclusion that the supply of ingenuity always increases in lockstep with our ingenuity requirement: While it's true that necessity is often the mother of invention, we can't always rely on the right kind of ingenuity appearing when and where we need it. In many cases, the complexity and speed of operation of today's vital economic, social, arid ecological systems exceed the human brains grasp. Very few of us have more than a rudimentary understanding of how these systems work. They remain fraught with countless "unknown unknowns," which makes it hard to supply the ingenuity we need to solve problems associated with these systems.In this book, explore a wide range of other factors that will limit our ability to supply the ingenuity required in the coming century. For example, many people believe that new communication technologies strengthen democracy and will make it easier to find solutions to our societies' collective problems, but the story is less clear than it seems. The crush of information in our everyday lives is shortening our attention span, limiting the time we have to reflect on critical matters of public policy, and making policy arguments more superficial.Modern markets and science are an important part of the story of how we supply ingenuity. Markets are critically important, because they give entrepreneurs an incentive to produce knowledge. As for science, although it seems to face no theoretical limits, at least in the foreseeable future, practical constraints often slow its progress. The cost of scientific research tends to increase as it delves deeper into nature. And science's rate of advance depends on the characteristic of the natural phenomena it investigates, simply because some phenomena are intrinsically harder to understand than others, so the production of useful new knowledge in these areas can be very slow. Consequently, there is often a critical time lag between the recognition between a problem and the delivery of sufficient ingenuity, in the form of technologies, to solve that problem. Progress in the social sciences is especially slow, for reasons we don't yet understand; but we desperately need better social scientific knowledge to build the sophisticated institutions today’s world demands.Questions:Complete each sentence with the appropriate answer, A, B, C, or DWrite the correct answer in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The definition of ingenuity28 The requirement for ingenuity29 The creation of social wealth30 The stability of societyA depends on many factors including climate.B depends on the management and solution of disputes.C is not only of technological advance, but more of institutional renovation.D also depends on the availability of some traditional resources.Question 31-33Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.31 What does the author say about the incremental change of the last 100 years?A It has become a hot scholastic discussion among environmentalists.B Its significance is often not noticed.C It has reshaped the natural environments we live in.D It benefited a much larger population than ever.32 The combination of changes has made life.A easierB fasterC slowerD less sophisticated33 What does the author say about the natural systems?A New technologies are being developed to predict change with precision.B Natural systems are often more sophisticated than other systems.C Minor alterations may cause natural systems to change dramatically.D Technological developments have rendered human being more independent of natural systems.Question 34-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement is trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage34 The demand for ingenuity has been growing during the past 100 years.35 The ingenuity we have may be inappropriate for solving problems at hand.36 There are very few who can understand the complex systems of the present world.37 More information will help us to make better decisions.38 The next generation will blame the current government for their conduct.39 Science tends to develop faster in certain areas than others.40 Social science develops especially slowly because it is not as important as natural science.篇章结构体裁：论说文题目：创新的空白2结构：(一句话概括每段大意)A段:创新的定义B段:一个社会需要多少创造及哪种创造，取决于多种因素C段:一个社会能提供多少或何种创造，同样取决于多种因素D段:充足优质的创造非常重要，但是还不够E段:这些年来发生了很多重大改变，但是整个改变过程比较慢，人们可能没意识到它们有多重要F段:改变使人们之间的互动变得多了，压力变得大了，环境被破坏了G段:呼吁人们做出精准的抉择H段:控制生存体系的制度和科技增强对创意的需求I段:社会与科技的变革加速了创意时代的解放思想J段:对于经济、社会、生态系统的未知使人们很难创造充足的创意解决问题K段:新世纪中限制人们设计创意能力的各种因素L段:现代市场和科学是创意设计的重要组成成分参考译文：创新过程的空白创造，就像笔者在这里定义的一样，不仅仅指那些关于计算机、抗早作物之类的新科技的构想，更重要的是指那些关于优化制度和社会安排的思想，例如高效市场、法定政府等。