美国大学英语写作6
美国大学英语写作第九版课后答案page103
美国大学英语写作第九版课后答案page1031、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)2、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told3、I couldn’t find Peter,_____did I know where he had gone. [单选题] *A.nor(正确答案)B.eitherC.neverD.as4、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end5、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all6、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for7、90．—I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ________. —A map is helpful, I think. [单选题] *A．price(正确答案)B．timeC．wayD．ticket8、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base9、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap10、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use11、We must try hard to make up for the lost time. [单选题] *A. 弥补(正确答案)B. 利用C. 抓紧D. 浪费12、Tony can _______ the guitar.Now he _______ the guitar. [单选题] *A. play; plays(正确答案)B. playing; playingC. plays; is playingD. play; is playing13、Simon does not（）his fellow workers because they often argue over trivial matters. [单选题] *A. get on with(正确答案)B. come up withC. do away withD. go on with14、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)15、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)16、It’s reported that there are more than 300?_______ smokers in China. [单选题] *A. million(正确答案)B. millionsC. million ofD. millions of17、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated18、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that19、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly20、Mr. Bliss became the first person to die in a car accident. [单选题] *A. 事故(正确答案)B. 竞赛C. 检阅D. 交易21、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient22、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on23、The museum is _______ in the northeast of Changsha. [单选题] *A. sitB. located(正确答案)C. liesD. stand24、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing25、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read26、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings27、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it28、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. Neither(正确答案)D. All29、92．China is a big country ________ a long history. [单选题] *A．hasB．haveC．with(正确答案)D．there is30、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)。
美国大学英语写作
美国大学英语写作My college experience has been a truly transformative journey. I came to the United States for higher education expecting a whole new world of learning and cultural experiences. Now, as I prepare to graduate from college, I can confidently say that the entire process of this journey was worth it.From my freshman year, I knew that I wanted to pursue an education in the field of English literature. After much research and consideration, I chose to enroll in an American university with an honors program in my desired specialty. As a first-generation student, I was surprised by the level of dedication and commitment I had to invest in order to reach my academic goals. The classes I took covered a wide range of topics, from classical works of literature to modern theories in literary criticism. Through the course of my studies, I developed a strong sense of critical thinking, enhanced my research skills, and acquired a deep understanding of the English language.What truly distinguished my college experience is its emphasis on writing. During my four years at university, I was consistently challenged to develop my writing skills in both academic and creative realms. I wrote numerous essays, from argumentative essays to personal reflections. I also experimented with diverse styles of writing, including fiction and poetry. My professors continuously encouraged me to explore different types of writing and use these forms to express my ideas and opinions.I further developed my writing ability through the practice of peer review and the editing of other students’ work. This form ofcollaborative learning helped me improve my written communication and taught me how to cultivate an effective writing style.My college experience has enabled me to become a more thoughtful writer as well as an educated individual. I am grateful for the opportunity to pursue my passion and grow as a person. This journey will serve as a lifelong reminder of the importance of hard work and perseverance.。
美国大学英语写作文档
美国大学英语写作文档Certainly, I will provide you with an English essay on the topic of "English Writing at American Universities" without any extraneous punctuation marks in the body of the text. Please note that the word count of the essay will be greater than 1000 words as requested.The English Writing Experience at American UniversitiesAmerican universities are renowned for their rigorous academic standards and the high quality of education they provide students from around the world. A crucial component of this educational experience is the emphasis placed on developing strong English writing skills. Whether pursuing a degree in the sciences, humanities, or a professional field, students at American universities are required to demonstrate proficiency in academic writing throughout their course of study.The importance of effective English writing cannot be overstated in the context of American higher education. From the moment students step onto campus, they are immersed in an environment that values clear, concise, and well-organized written communication. This emphasis on writing proficiency is rooted in the recognition thatthe ability to articulate ideas, analyze information, and make persuasive arguments is essential for success not only in the classroom but also in the professional world beyond graduation.To this end, most American universities require incoming students to complete one or more introductory-level writing courses designed to establish a strong foundation in the fundamentals of academic writing. These courses typically cover a range of topics, including the structure and organization of essays, the use of evidence to support claims, the incorporation of outside sources, and the development of a unique and effective writing style.Beyond these foundational writing courses, students at American universities are expected to apply and refine their writing skills across a diverse array of academic disciplines. Whether crafting research papers, policy briefs, or creative narratives, students must demonstrate a command of the conventions and best practices associated with the particular genre of writing required in each course.This emphasis on writing proficiency is not limited to individual courses but is often woven throughout the entire curriculum. Many degree programs, for example, require students to complete a senior thesis or capstone project, which serves as a culminating demonstration of their ability to conduct in-depth research,synthesize complex information, and communicate their findings in a clear and compelling manner.The benefits of this rigorous approach to English writing instruction at American universities are manifold. By honing their writing skills, students not only improve their academic performance but also develop critical thinking abilities, enhance their problem-solving skills, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the subjects they are studying. Moreover, the ability to communicate effectively in writing is highly valued by employers across a wide range of industries, making graduates of American universities well-positioned to succeed in the professional world.However, the road to achieving writing proficiency at American universities is not without its challenges. Many students, particularly those from non-English-speaking backgrounds, may struggle with the nuances of academic writing, such as the appropriate use of citations, the construction of persuasive arguments, and the development of a cohesive and coherent writing style.To address these challenges, American universities have implemented a range of support services and resources to assist students in developing their writing skills. This can include one-on-one tutoring sessions, writing workshops, peer review opportunities, and access to comprehensive writing guides and style manuals. Byleveraging these resources, students can gain the necessary skills and confidence to excel in the demanding world of academic writing.In conclusion, the emphasis on English writing at American universities is a hallmark of the educational experience, preparing students not only for success in the classroom but also for the challenges they will face in their future careers. Through a combination of rigorous coursework, dedicated support services, and a commitment to cultivating strong communication skills, American universities are equipping their students with the tools they need to thrive in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world.。
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案
大学英语六级历年真题2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案2021年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题及答案第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开资产投资的钥匙。
”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。
显而易见，本题理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思(课程) 文学创作反复考察过的话题。
写作思路解析1、本题首段应该通过理论知识与实践技能之间的亲密关系引出主题；2、第二段可以进行举例论证，列举自己参加全职打工、志愿者活动等亲身经验证明实践技能的重要性；3、尾段可以进行归纳结论中后或提出建议措施：一方面我们应该努力积累理论知识，另一方面我们应该积极培养自己的实践技能。
参考范文：Would you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to thisis obviously a resounding “No!” Knowledge gained from b ooks must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value.For me actually practicing a particular action or experiment myself and experiencing the result, leaves a much deeper and lasting impression than what I get from simply reading or listening. If I read about how to write an essay or listened to someone talk about writing an essay, I still wouldn’t feel that I knew how to write an essay until I wrote one for myself. It is the case, however, that writing the essay would be based on the methods I learned intellectually. The same can be said for other skills, like sports, for example. A person can know all the rules of a game, associated skillsand strategies, but until that person gets on a court with a ball in motion, the theory remains flat, useless.To sum up, as to theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the latter is certainly more important. Just as Briti sh churchman Thomas Fuller put it, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.”参考译文一个大夫只学过课本上的手术知识，叫他给你主刀你是否愿？显然，这个问题的答案是一声响亮的“不”。
2023年12月英语六级CET6真题及答案完整版
2023年12月CET6大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析【官方完整版】Part I 写作Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参照范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encouragethe public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参照译文】众所周知创新意味着有发明力，独一无二和不一样。
美国大学英语写作three passions答案
美国大学英语写作three passions答案1、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many2、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)3、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] * A．problemB．question(正确答案)C．doorD．plan4、I _______ play the game well. [单选题] *A. mustB. can(正确答案)C. wouldD. will5、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed6、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance7、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)8、--Do you know _______ girl with long curly hair?--Yes. She is Mary. She plays _______ piano very well. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. a; the9、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre10、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心11、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for12、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful13、There was a time（）I wondered why I would like to do this boring job. [单选题] *A. whichB. whyC. whereD. when(正确答案)14、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for15、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision16、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的17、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid18、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)19、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the20、Tom and Mary's house bought last year is（）Lucy, s. [单选题] *A. the three size ofB. three times the size of(正确答案)C. as three times large asD. three times as larger as21、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend22、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)23、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading24、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in25、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)26、Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room. [单选题] *A. turn on(正确答案)B. turn upC. turn offD. turn down27、The famous writer, _____ writings for China Daily I appreciate a lot , is invited to give a speech in our university. [单选题] *A. thatB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. who28、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it29、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about30、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if。
美国大学英语写作(第六版)答案 PART 4
A N S W E R K E YPart Four: Handbook of Sentence Skills23 Subjects and VerbsActivity, 4021. The ripening tomatoes glistened on the sunny windowsill.2. Acupuncture reduces the pain of my headaches.3. Elena twisted a strand of hair around her fingers.4. My brother built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and planks of wood.5. A jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one leap.6. The singer‘s diamond earrings sparkled in the spotlight.7. My roommate dries her nylons over the lampshade in her bedroom.8. On St. Patrick‘s Day, our neighborhood tavern serves green beer.9. My six-year-old brother survives on a diet of peanut butter and jelly.10. During my parents‘ divorce, I felt like a rag doll being torn between two people.Activity, 4041. A thick layer of dust covers the top of our refrigerator .2. In June, sagging Christmas decorations were still hanging in the windows of the abandoned house.3. The people in the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and lost.4. Every plant in the dim room bent toward the small window.5. A glaring headline about the conviction of a local congressman attracted my attention.6. Two of the biggest stores in the mall are going out of business.7. The modem‘s tiny red lights suddenly started to flicker.8. A neighbor of mine does all her work at home and E-mails it to the office.9. The jar of peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and shattered on the floor.10. The scar in the hollow of Brian‘s throat is the result of an emergency operation to clear his windpipe. Review Test, 4051. With one graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to first base.2. Like human mothers, sheep and goat mothers develop close bonds with their babies.3. Before class, Antoinetta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine in the hall.4. I shifted uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling into a restless sleep.5. Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt shifted his weight from one foot to the other.6. Ancient Egyptians were brandingcattle more than four thousand years ago.7. Lilacs and honeysuckle perfume our yard on summer nights.8. The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and backed up toward a narrow parking place.9. During the American Revolution, some brides rejected white wedding gowns and wore red as a symbolof rebellion.10. The little girl‘s frantic family called a psychic to locate the child.24 FragmentsNote: For each item the fragment, or that part of the original fragment not changed during correction, is underlined.Activity 1 (Dependent–Word Fragments), 408–409Answers will vary.Activity 2 (Dependent-Word Fragments), 409–4101. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for the weekend.3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking the porch light.4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.5. Before I turn on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the overhead light in the kitchen.Activity 1 (-ing Fragments), 4111. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in the cornfield.2. They came to a stop at my house.3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.Activity 2 (-ing and to Fragments), 412Answers may vary.1. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.Activity 1 (Added-Detail Fragments), 413–4141. For example, he sees the new movies first.2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments), 414Methods of correction may vary.1. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leaf clovers, to bingo.3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecks of snow.4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.Activity (Missing-Subject Fragments), 415–416Answers may vary.1. Then she does fifty sit-ups.2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.3. They break out in hives when they eat it, andthey can even have trouble breathing.4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Thenhe jabbed a needle into my gums andinjected a painkiller.5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore.Review Test 1, 4171. C 5. C 9. C13. C 17. C2. F 6. F 10. C14 F 18. C3. F 7. F 11. F15. C 19. F4. C 8. C 12. C16. F 20. CCorrections (methods of correction may vary):2. I‘m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbit being pursued bypredators.6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get to my bike without actuallykilling me.7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, drivers completely ignore my vehicle.11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will unexpectedly open.14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout out obscene propositions. 16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abiding bicyclist, to a witheringlook of disdain.19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higher position in the pecking orderof the city streets.Review Test 2, 4181. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. But whenever I‘d hear Reggie‘sfootsteps behind me, I would pump my legs a little faster.2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimate nightmare is to be trapped ina hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a good song. He was in themood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.4. My children joke that we celebrate ―Hanumas‖ with our Jewish neighbors. We share Hanukkah andChristmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating our tree.5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor‘s trash bag. I realized that he hadmade up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.6. I‘ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. By being away from home andon my own, I will get along better with my parents.7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. We used to sail paper boatsdown the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a ―river‖ there.8. Don passed the computer school‘s aptitude test, which qualifies him for nine months of training. Donkidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.Review Test 3, 419Answers will vary.25 Run-OnsActivity (Period and a Capital Letter), 422–4231. job. They 6. words. He2. wills. She 7. scissors. Then3. dressing. She 8. roof. Their4. water. They 9. work. Every5. environment. They 10. movies. IActivity 1 (Comma and a Joining Word), 4241. but 6. so2. and 7. but3. so 8. and4. for 9. for5. but 10. so or andActivity 2 (Comma and a Joining Word), 424–425Answers will vary.Activity 3 (Period and a Capital Letter or Comma and a Joining Word), 425–426Corrections may vary.1. refrigerator, and then 6. stiff, but soaking2. environment. They 7. work. Some3. heat, so I 8. house. Now4. Russia. We 9. Correct5. T-shirts. The 10. city. We Activity (Semicolon), 4271. plates; they 6. house; they2. week; now 7. window; Joey3. immense; it‘s 8. microscope; he4. bacon; her 9. street; the5. covers; she 10. fist; later Activity (Semicolon with a Transitional Word), 4291. ; as a result, (or thus, consequently, or therefore)2. ; however, (or on the other hand)3. ; otherwise,4. ; meanwhile,5. ; nevertheless, (or however)Review Test 1, 430–431Corrections may vary.1. break, but 6. victims, so2. drivers. When 7. marriage. Five3. tray. Then 8. health, so4. bare, and they 9. schoolwork. The5. corner. A 10. CorrectReview Test 2, 431–4321. days. Its Or: days, and its Or: days; its2. heels. Then Or: heels, and then Or: heels; then3. diner. A Or: diner, and a Or: diner; a4. occult. It Or: occult, for it Or: occult; it5. parents. This Or: parents, for this Or: parents; this6. intersection. Rusty Or: intersection, but rusty Or: intersection; rusty7. deafness. He Or: deafness, so he Or: deafness; he8. far. Larger Or: far, so larger Or: far; larger9. common. No Or: common, for no Or: common; no10. soda. It Or: soda, but it Or: soda; itReview Test 3, 432Corrections may vary.coming, so theyrelax. Thenbathroom; shedoor. Itcoffee, but IReview Test 4, 432Answers will vary.26Regular and Irregular VerbsActivity (Present Tense Endings), 434 Activity (Past Tense Endings), 4351. wakes 1. caved2. clowns 2. complained3. watches 3. realized4. wants 4. burned5. works 5. edged Activity (Irregular Verbs), 4381. chose chosen 6. rung rang2. begun began 7. forgot forgotten3. drunk drank 8. went gone4. breaked broke 9. throwed thrown5. shrunkshrank 10. blowed blew Activity (Nonstandard Forms of Irregular Verbs), 4401. be is 6. were was2. have has 7. was were3. were was 8. was were4. have had 9. done did5. was were 10. do does Review Test 1, 4411. walk walked 6. doesn‘t don‘t2. stole stolen 7. begun began3. choose chose 8. check checked4. tore torn 9. has have5. has have 10. sticked stuck Review Test 2, 441Answers will vary.27 Subject-Verb AgreementActivity (Words Between Subject and Verb), 442–4431. Some members of the parents‘ association want to ban certain books from the school library.2. Chung‘s trench coat, with its big lapels and shoulder flaps, makes him feel like a tough private eye.3. Misconceptions about apes like the gorilla haveturned a relatively peaceful animal into a terrifyingmonster.4. The rising cost of necessities like food and shelter forces many elderly people to live in poverty.5. In my opinion, a few slices of pepperoni pizza make a great evening.Activity (Verb Before Subject), 443 Activity (Compound Subjects), 4561. are 1. sit2. are 2. cover3. do 3. knows4. were 4. were5. was 5. smellActivity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4451. suits 3. are 5. falls2. mentions 4. entersReview Test 1, 445–4461. are 6. damages2. was 7. was3. seem 8. makes4. are 9. clean5. contains 10. isReview Test 2, 446is are 1. Martha and her motherlook looks 2. Neitherwas were 3. Three goats, a potbellied pig, and a ducklooks look 4. ballsis are 5. low-calorie cola and the double-chocolate cakeinterfere interferes 6. odorare is 7. Oneis are 8. gum and some tapebegin begins 9. manhave has 10. EachReview Test 3, 447Answers will vary. Subjects for sentences 1, 2, 3 and 4 are underlined below.1. The magazines under my roommate‘s bed . . .2. The car with the purple fenders . . .3. My boss and her secretary . . .4. Neither of the football players . . .28 Additional Information About VerbsActivity (Verb Tense), 449 Activity (Helping Verbs), 450 Activity (Verbals), 451Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Answers will vary.29 Pronoun Agreement and ReferenceActivity (Pronoun Agreement), 453 Activity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4541. they 1. her2. them 2. he3. they 3. its4. their 4. his or her5. it 5. him Activity (Pronoun Reference), 455–456The rewritten part of each sentence is underlined. Corrections may vary slightly.1. Dad spent all morning bird-watching but didn‘t see a single bird.2. At the fast-food restaurant, the counterpeoplegive you free glasses with your soft drinks.3. Ruth told Annette, ―My bouts of depression are becoming serious.‖ Or:Ruth told Annette, ―Your boutsof depression are becoming serious.‖4. Dipping her spoon into the pot of simmering spaghetti sauce, Helen felt the spoon slip out of her hand.5. Pete visited the tutoring center because its staff can help him with his economics course.Review Test 1, 4561. her2. the shop employees3 his4. the subject5. he or sheReview Test 2, 456–4571. their his or her b.2. they the players a.3. he they b.4. their her b.5. they the owners a.30 Pronoun TypesActivity (Subject and Object Pronouns), 460–4612. S he3. S she4. S they5. S We6. S She7. S he8. O me9. O them10. O meActivity (Possessive Pronouns), 461–4621. its2. theirs3. hers4. ours5. yoursActivity (Demonstrative Pronouns), 4621. This here This2. them those3. them those4. that there that5. them thoseReview Test, 4631. them 6. me2. Those 7. I3. me 8. This4. theirs 9. hers5. her 10. I31 Adjectives and AdverbsActivity (Adjectives), 4661. best2. youngest3. worse4. most unusual5. leastActivity (Adverbs), 4671. rapidly2. thick3. continuously4. carefully5. heavyActivity (Well and Good), 4671. good2. well3. well4. good5. wellReview Test 1, 4681. less 6. truthful2. worse 7. suddenly3. quickly 8. thinner4. confidently 9. good5. well 10. warmestReview Test 2, 468Answers will vary.32 Misplaced ModifiersActivity, 469–470Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. The patient on the psychiatrist‘s couch talked about his childhood.Or: On the psychiatrist‘s couch, the patient talked about his childhood.2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.3. V onnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on the counter.4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he would wear to his first job interview.5 Anne ripped on a car door the shirt that she made in sewing class.Or: Anne ripped the shirt that she made in sewing class on a car door.6. The latest Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200 theaters across the country.7. Wearing a bulletproof vest, the newscaster spoke softly into a microphone.Or: The newscaster, wearing a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a microphone.8. Owing two months‘ re nt, the tenants left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants, owing two months‘ rent, left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants who owed two months‘ rent left town in a dilapidated old car.9. The woman with arthritis picked up a heavy frying pan.10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky juice.Review Test 1, 470–4711. MM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. MM4. MM 9. MM5. MM 10. CReview Test 2, 471Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone toheaven.Or: In a poem, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.2. I filled almost an entire notebook with biology lab drawings.3. With envious eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter expertly fit the door.4. The photographer pointed the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope at the shy deer.Or:The photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope. 5. With tired faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling or read newspapers.33 Dangling ModifiersActivity, 473–4741. The audience cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their hind legs, paraded by.Or:The audience cheered wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on their hind legs.2. The police spokesperson said the suspect, last seen wearing dark glasses and a blond wig, was stillbeing sought.3. As I was pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl of milk.4. I knew the limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, carried someone important.Or: Because it was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the limousine carried someone important.5. Tired and exasperated, we had a fight that was inevitable.Or: Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight we had was inevitable.6. Fran had difficulty removing the anchovies, which were packed tightly in a tiny can.7. Raquel finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked carelessly under the bed.8. As I worked at the Xerox machine, the morning dragged on.9. While we were sitting at a sidewalk café, all sorts of interesting people passed by.10. Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle Zeke played his records from the forties.Or:Uncle Zeke played his somewhat warped records from the forties.Review Test 1, 474–4751. DM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. DM4. DM 9. DM5. DM 10. CReview Test 2, 4751. Because I hadn‘t had much sleep, my concentration during class was weak.Or:Not having had much sleep, I couldn‘t concentrate very well during class.2. A team of surgeons successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were joined at the hip.3. While I was wading in the shallow surf, a baby shark brushed past my leg.4. While being restrained by federal marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced by the judge.Or: The judge sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained by federal marshals.5. Beth was in a sentimental frame of mind, so the music brought tears to her eyes.Review Test 3, 476Answers will vary.34 Manuscript FormActivity, 478(Order of answers may vary.)2. Right-hand margins should not be crowded.3. Title should not be put in quotation marks or underlined.4. ―Alone‖ should be capitalized in the title.5. A line should be skipped between the title and the first line of text.6. Paragraphs should be indented.7. The first sentence of the paper must stand independent of the title. (In the student paper, the reader mustrely on the title to know what ―This‖ in the first sentence refers to.)35 Capital LettersActivity, 481–4821. Beatles . . . Candlestick Park 6. Big River . . . Chilean . . .Atlantic2. Natural Health . . . Abraham Lincoln 7. Cowboys . . . Boston3. I . . . Vick‘s . . . Listerine 8. Diet Pepsi . . . HostessTwinkie4. Boy Scouts . . . Springfield . . . Illinois 9. Glamour . . . Men . . . Want5. Cape Cod . . . Massachusetts 10. Joan . . . Congratulations Activity, 4841. World War . . . Americans . . . Japanese2. Korea . . . French . . . Swiss . . . Chinese3. Uncle Harvey4. Introduction . . . Word Processing5. VietnameseActivity (Unnecessary Use of Capitals), 484–4851. forces . . . farmers2. aunt . . . convertible3. baseball . . . team . . . home . . . run4. book . . . unusual . . . museums . . . believe5. electron . . . microscope . . . television . . . atomicReview Test 1, 485–486 Review Test 2, 4861. HamptonPark . . . Tenth StreetAnswers will vary.2. Charlie Chaplin . . . Gloria Swanson3. Mammoth Cave . . . Kentucky4. Arkansas . . . President5. Groucho Marx6. Why . . . Groucho . . . Are7. Wash & Dry . . . Elm Street. . . I . . . Tide8. Mother . . . February . . . Groundhog Day9. Stone . . . The Birds . . . Tori Amos10. Polaroid . . . Trident . . . Jell-O36 Numbers and AbbreviationsActivity (Numbers), 4881. three-thirty 3:30 . . . one-oh-six 106 . . . Forty-Second 42d (or 42nd)2. 4 four . . . 75 seventy-five3. fifty 50 . . . tenth 10 (or 10th)Activity (Abbreviations), 4891. Nov. November . . . Jan. January . . . lbs. pounds2. aftern. afternoon . . . doc. doctor . . . appt. appointment3. p.o. post office . . . min. minutes . . . dol. dollarsReview Test, 4891. h.s. high school . . . 5,000 five thousand2. 3 three . . . cigs. cigarettes3. 2 two . . . Feb. February . . . twenty-fifth 25 (or 25th)4. Span. Spanish . . . 1 one . . . One 15. kitch. kitchen . . . 3 three37 ApostropheActivity (Apostrophe in Contractions), 490–4912. they‘re . . . I‘d3. I‘m . . . who‘s4. We‘re . . . who‘s . . . it‘s5. can‘t . . . there‘sActivity 1 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 4921. The comedian‘s annoying voice2. The quarterback‘s performance3. The old woman‘s thin hand4. the jewelry store‘s window5. the TV weatherperson‘s mouth6. Lamont‘s new denim shirt7. Rachel‘s hair8. Dennis‘s bowl of cereal9. Donna‘s Honda10. The ap artment‘s previous tenantActivity 2 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 493 Answers will vary; below are the possessive forms of the given words.2. Felipe‘s3. pilot‘s4. neighbor‘s5. school‘s6. gunslinger‘sActivity (Apostrophe versus Simple Plurals), 494–4951. Possessive: wife‘s armPlural: skates2. Possessive: Vonette‘s decisionPlurals: predictions . . . opportunities3. Possessive: fire‘s extreme heatPlurals: telephones . . . chairs4. Possessive: doctor‘s requestPlural: scars5. Possessive: people‘s, world‘sPlurals: names . . . countries6. Possessive: Hal‘s shirtPlural: pants . . . fingernails7. Possessive: children‘s shoutsPlurals: shouts . . . eggs . . . lightbulbs . . . items8. Possessive: Tina‘s camping handbookPlurals: tablets . . . ropes9. Possessive: Carmen‘s leaky penPlural: fingers10. Possessive: rattlesnake‘s headPlural: eyesActivity, 4951. campers‘ tents2. Murrays‘ phone bills3. buildings‘ steep steps4. twins‘ habit5. cars‘ windshieldsReview Test, 495–4961. sofa‘s . . . chair‘s2. barn‘s . . . hayloft‘s3. book‘s . . . customer‘s4. Phil‘s . . . writer‘s5. boss‘s . . . Charlie‘s6. couldn‘t . . . car‘s7. parents‘ . . . children‘s8. cat‘s . . . dog‘s9. sun‘s . . . street‘s10. river‘s . . . Hendersons‘38 Quotation MarksActivity 1 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 4981. Several people have been credited with saying, ―The more I see of people, the more I like dogs.‖2. Beatrice asked, ―Do you give a discount to senior citizens?‖3. ―This hamburger is raw!‖ cried Leon.4. The bum per sticker on the rear of the battered old car read, ―Don‘t laugh—it‘s paid for.‖5. ―I know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,‖ said the comedian. ―The poor don‘t have any money.‖6. ―These CDs,‖ proclaimed the television announcer, ―are not sold in any store.‖7. ―When chefs go to great lengths,‖ the woman at the diet center said, ―I go to great widths.‖8. ―If you accept an invitation to dinner,‖ said the Duchess of Windsor, ―you have a moral obligation to beamusing.‖9. On a tombstone in a Maryland cemetery are the words, ―Here lies an atheist, all dressed up and no placeto go.‖10. The columnist advised, ―Be nice to people on your way up because you‘ll meet them on your waydown.‖Activity 2 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 499Answers will vary.Activity (Indirect Quotations), 5002. Sonya said, ―My uncle looks just like a large basset hound.‖3. Angelo said, ―I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.‖4. My boss said, ―You can make mistakes as long as you don‘t repeat them.‖5. The instructor announced, ―Thursday‘s test has been cancelled.‖Activity (Titles), 501–5021. In her short story ―A Sea Worry,‖ Maxine Hong Kingston describes a group of teenage surfers and amother who tries to understand them.2. I bought the National Enquirer to read an article entitled ―Painful Beauty Secrets of the Stars.‖3. We read the chapter ―Pulling Up Roots‖ in Gail Sheehy‘s book Passages.4. Jamila used an article titled ―Winter Blues‖ from Time magazine in her research paper about seasonaldepression.5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was originally cast with Ronald Reagan in theleading role.6. My favorite old TV show was Thriller, a horror series hosted by Boris Karloff, the man who starred inthe 1931 movie Frankenstein.7. When the Beatles‘ movie A Hard Day‘s Night was first shown, fans screamed so much that no onecould hear the songs or the dialogue.8. On my father‘s wall is a framed front page of The New York Times of February 25, 1940—the day hewas born.9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: ―Culture and Diversity‖ and ―Social Stratification.‖10. An article in Consumer Reports called ―Which Cereal for Breakfast?‖ claims that children can learn tolike low-sugar cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.Review Test 1, 5031. The psychology class read a short story called ―Silent Snow, Secret Snow,‖ about a young boy whocreates his own fantasy world.2. While filming the movie Vertigo, the actress Kim Novak was agonizing over how to play a particularscene until the director, Alfred Hitchcock, reminded her, ―Kim, it‘s only a movie!‖3. ‖I‘m against grade school students‘ using pocket calculators,‖ said Fred. ―I spent three years learninglong d ivision, and so should they.‖4. The composer George Gershwin wrote many hundreds of hit songs, including classics like―Summertime‖ and ―Somebody Loves Me.‖5. When I gagged while taking a foul-tasting medicine, my wife said, ―Put an ice cube on you r tongue first,and then you won‘t taste it.‖6. I looked twice at the newspaper headline that read, ―Man in River Had Drinking Problem.‖7. To learn more about the stock market for his business class, Jared began reading the column by PabloGalarza in Money magazine called ―Market Rap.‖8. When a guest at the wedding was asked what he was giving the couple, he replied, ―About six months.‖9. Theodore Roosevelt, a pioneer in conservation, once said, ―When I hear of the destruction of a species, Ifeel as if all the works of some great writer had perished.‖10. ―If you‘re ever in trouble,‖ said the police officer, ―you‘ll have a better chance of attracting aid if youshout ‗Fire‘ instead of ‗Help.‘ ‖Review Test 2, 503Answers will vary.39 CommaActivity (Comma Between Items in a Series), 5051. dead insects, crumbs, and dust balls2. hammock, popped open a frosty can of soda, and3. warm, deep, swirling4. eyes, relaxed manner, and5. musty, shadowyActivity (Comma After Introductory Material), 5061. window, gusts2. wildly, Jesse3. river, people4. begin, the5. water, theActivity (Commas Around Words Interrupting the Flow of Thought), 5071. breeze, hot and damp,2. chickens, loosely wrapped in plastic,3. wallet, which he kept in his front pants pocket,4. Delgado, who is an avid Yankees fan,5. ships, a majestic sight,Activity (Comma Between Complete Thoughts), 508–5091. bulletin, and2. Correct3. parlor, for4. crushed, and5. shower, but6. reruns, so7. camera, or8. Correct9. Correct10. CorrectActivity (Comma with Direct Quotations), 5091. announced, ―In2. grapefruit,‖ . . . comedian,3. asked, ―Did4. louder,‖ a5. visitors, ―WeActivity (Comma with Everyday Material), 5101. mind, George,2. Amigos, 5607 Pacific Boulevard,3. 875,000 . . . October 16, 19954. shows, Elaine, . . . 1,231 . . . Sarasota, Florida5. Highway, Great Plains, MinnesotaReview Test 1, 511Wording of rules may vary.1. tissues,‖ said . . . professor, ―were(comma with direct quotation)2. cream, miniature marshmallows, and。
美国大学英语写作课后习题与答案
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, andwhat does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,”their “tricks,”and their “charm.”She describes the public as “content”and “eager . . . victims.”Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose dothese parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.”The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.”The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seenrecently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future?Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directlystated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,”and “finally.”Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closelyrelated to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four myths?According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive.Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced?Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult.Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- andsecond-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.”And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that activelearning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point”and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.”Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
美国大学英语写作(第六版)(完整教资)
A NSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31Answers will vary.Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5.specific2. first 6.bs3. equiped (other answers are possible)7. conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5.watching what I keep in the house2. however 6.comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling outmy fillings as I chewActivity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40Answers will vary.Activity (Prewriting), 41–43L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 (Outlining), 43–451. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen。
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案(PART_1)
A NSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.-Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5.specific2. first 6.bs3. equiped (other answers are possible)7. conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5. watching what I keep in the house2. however 6. comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling outmy fillings as I chewActivity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40Answers will vary.Activity (Prewriting), 41–43L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 (Outlining), 43–451. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every week-c. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instructorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teachers more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsActivity 2 (Outlining), 45–47Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.First topic sentence:T he world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us.Support: 2. Workers’ salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers. Second topic sentence: Another area that technology is changing is entertainment. Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others.Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.2. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.Activity (Revising), 47–482, 1, 4, 33 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingActivity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50–51List 1 List 22 Teachers3 Bicyclesl Education 4 Dangers of bike riding3 Math teacher l Recreation5 My high school math 2 Recreational vehiclesteacher was incompetent. 5 Bike riding in the city is a4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.List 3 List 41 Retail companies 3 Camping2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip4 Dealing with customers 2 Summer vacation3 Working in a supermarket 5 My first camping trip was a 5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.unpleasant supermarket customers. l VacationsActivity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53A. 1. TBB. 6. 22. TN 7. A3. TB 8. 24. TN 9. A5. TB 10. 2Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54–55Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4. c. Save money2. c. Sense of humor 5. c. Long hours3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about financesActivity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buyingpressure-treated lumber.X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced?How did this parent punish the writer?S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved:cheesecake and jeans.X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58Answers are given in the text after the activity.Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61Thesis statement: 4Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22First sentence of the conclusion: 34Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61–62 Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 621. A a. 1. TN a.OKb. OK b.2. OK a. 2. TN a.Ab. OK b.3. OK a. 3. TN a.Ab. OK b.4.A a. 4. OK a.OKb. TN b.5.A a. 5. OK a.OKb. TN b.Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62–63 Activity 4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 631. TB a. 1. OK a.OKb. 2 b.2.TB a. 2. 2 a.OKb. OK b.3. OK a. 3. OK a.TBb. 2 b.4. TB a. 4. 2 a.OK b.OK b.5. TB a. 5. 2 a.OK b.OK b.Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below.1. science. 6. coach2. to be enthusiastic. 7. we were emotionally immature.3. my boyfriend. 8. manners4. money. 9. my relationships with others.5. breaks down regularly. 10. the time I dented my friend’s car.Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65Answers may vary slightly.1. The cars I’ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.4. Halloween is not all fun.5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below.1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.3. My mother’s tidiness drives us crazy.4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than they’re supposed to.8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city.Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.1. Exotic animals as petsPeople should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.2. Teens and birth controlParents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.3. The new season’s TV programmingThe new television programs are carbon copies of last year’s successful shows.4. Computerized officesComputers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.5. Major fields of studyChoosing a major does not have to be done blindly.6. House callsDoctors should be compelled to make house calls.7. Summer vacationsSummer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.8. BarbecuingThere are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue grill.9. Children’s allowancesGetting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.10. Christmas shoppingOne year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance. Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68–69Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs hishair with his toothbrush3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temperActivity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69–70AD 1.U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, andproviding a nutritious diet.U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting?Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and soon) that aren’t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitiousjingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).AD 4.U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestionsother than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful?And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what shewanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writerattempted to please her.Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70–73Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included in the paragraphs below.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer—Dorothy Sayers—and it was pleasant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. W e each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. M om and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September. I n addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. Instead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hours—far more quickly than we expected.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time. Mom fixed a faucet that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping. Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue.Mom and Dad struggled with this year’s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We were glad to see how much the Overholt children had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought.4 The Third Step in Essay WritingFill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75–76The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order.The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order: Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing, In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77A. 1. time orderB. time; emphatic; time; emphatic2. emphatic order3. combination of time and emphatic orderActivity (Transitions), 78–801. Addition signals: One, Also, Another2. Time signals:After,First, Next, Finally3. Space signals:N ext [to], To the right, Near4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however5. Illustration signals:For example, such as6. Conclusion signals:Finally, thereforeActivity (Transitional Sentences), 81Answers may vary slightly.In addition to teaching me about the importance of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work.Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized the benefits of a good education. Activity (Other Connecting Words), 831. four times2. he3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigidActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87 Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 891. B Starting with an opposite 1. P/R2. F Quotation 2. Q3. A General to narrow 3. SActivity (Titles), 90–91Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.1. Choosing McDonald’s2. A Diner at Midnight3. Audiences at Rock ConcertsActivity 1 (Organizing Through Time Order), 91–931. 12. 33. 13 132 2 2Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95–961. 22. 33. 21 1 33 2 1Activity (Providing Transitions), 93–94First of all, there are the people . . .For example, there are the ones . . .Another type of nervous . . .However, neither of these . . .A second category of people . . .On the contrary, they feel compelled . . .As a result, no one hears . . .After they have been to the theater . . .Then they will start . . .Last of all, there are the people who talk . . .In addition, it is impossible . . .But if ever I am granted . . .Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words), 95–96S 1. T 9.P 2. RW 10.T 3. S 11.S 4. T 12.P 5. P 13.RW 6. RW 14.P 7. T 15.P 8.Activity (Completing Transitional Sentences), 96–97Thesis 1:After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtain legal permits . . .Finally, once you have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise . . .Thesis 2:In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in astadium . . .Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the “real thing.”. . .Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions), 97-99Pair 1:D Incident or storyI Prediction or recommendationPair 2:E Question(s)G Summary and final thoughtPair 3:F QuotationG Summary and final thought5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingActivity (Use Parallelism), 101–102Answers may vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers,and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, andsprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, andauditioning for professional companies.6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance for advancement.7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or athome.’s respect.8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his own instincts.10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, anddying forests.Activity (Consistency with Verbs), 1031. arrive arrived 6. floatedfloats2. asks asked 7. grabsgrabbed3. sliced slices 8.swooped swoops4. went goes 9.recharged recharge5. tips tipped 10. burnsburnedActivity (Consistency with Pronouns), 104–1051. your their health 6. you I canown2. you I never know 7. you herindigestion3. youwe have if youwe 8. you we don’t dare4. their its aggressive 9. we they canlearn5. one you should plan 10. one you shoulddressActivity 1 (Use Specific Words), 106–107Answers will vary; following are examples.1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page . . .5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .Activity 2 (Use Specific Words), 107–108Answers will vary; following are examples.1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused to start.2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffling problems.3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes open.4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be swept out, scrubbed, and reorganized.5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Streetand stopped traffic for an hour.Activity (Use Active Verbs), 1091. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.Activity (Use Concise Words), 110–111Answers will vary.1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.3. I am shy.4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.8. The school district canceled classes because of the bad weather.9. I regret not having studied word processing in high school.10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.Activity (Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought), 112–1131. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .5. . . . present, so I offered . . .Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought), 114–115Answers may vary.1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words aminute, she . . .Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase), 1161. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to work overtime.3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel to channel.Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series), 117–118Answers may vary.1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in his mouth.2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes, and drunkeight cups of coffee.4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under the old woodeneaves.5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.Activity (Proofreading), 120–1211. 2 6.-112. 4 7.133. 5 8.144. 6 9.165. 9 10.17Corrections (methods of correction may vary):1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, whosmoked2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, myfavorite color3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they arecolored neon green.4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, Ilook5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray;the answerReview Test 1 (Using Parallelism), 1221. filled with suspense suspenseful 6. selling toys toysalesperson2. furniture for the office 7. food on thetable putting food on the tableoffice furniture 8. to cramcramming3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9. bags are put on them bagged(or:put into bags)4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendlinessas well and his friendliness5. being kind kindnessReview Test 2 (Using Parallelism), 1231. to buy buying 6. werewhispering whispered2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good goodpayrotting porch furniture 9. was putting put 4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 10. losing lost5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)Review Test 1 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1241. is was taken 6. getsgot the chicken2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized itcontained3. proceeds proceeded slowly. 8. transfers transferredthe groceries,4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that thebarbecued chicken5. parks parked his shopping cart 10. says said to the clerk, Review Test 2 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1251. you they work. 6. one I canmeet2. you I could hear 7. were toyou me.3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive4. one I must complete 9. you they haveturned in5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to helpyou her.Review Test 1 (Using Specific Words), 126Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion.Review Test 2 (Using Specific Words), 127Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid questions.2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’ duel.4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.Review Test (Using Active Verbs), 1281. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.3. A virus infected my computer.4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.6. The telephone company placed an additional charge on our phone bill.7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.Review Test 1 (Using Concise Words), 129Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. I finally decided to look for a new job.2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price dropped before buying our computer. Review Test 2 (Using Concise Words), 130Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.2. Your line of credit has been increased.3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or:I think candy tastes better than fruit.)4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.Review Test 1 (Varying Your Sentences), 131Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and thewatch slid off her wrist.2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and theycrumpled under her.3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive garagebecause he did not want to risk damage to his new car.4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young policeofficer.5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked slates off the roof, anduprooted a young tree.Review Test 2 (Varying Your Sentences), 132–133Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. When a sudden cold front hit the area, temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less than anhour. I was not wearing a warm jacket, so my teeth began to chatter.2. Vern works as a model, so he has to look his best. When he gained ten pounds recently, hehad to take off the extra weight, or he would have lost his job.。
美国大学英语写作课后习题集规范标准答案
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, andwhat does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,”their “tricks,”and their “charm.”She describes the public as “content”and “eager . . . victims.”Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose dothese parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.”The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.”The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seenrecently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future?Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directlystated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,”and “finally.”Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closelyrelated to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four myths?According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive.Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced?Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult.Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- andsecond-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.”And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that activelearning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point”and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.”Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
美国大学英语写作(第六版)part_four
23 Subjects and VerbsActivity,4101. The ripening tomatoes glistened on the sunny windowsill.2. Acupuncture reduces the pain of my headaches.3. Elena twisted a strand of hair around her fingers.4. My brother built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and planks.5. A jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one leap.6. The singer’s diamond earrings sparkled in the spotlight.7. My roommate crashed his car on the icy highway.8. On St. Patrick’s Day, our neighborhood tavern serves green beer.9. My six-year-old brother survives on a diet of peanut butter and jelly.10. During my parents’ divorce, I felt like a rag doll being torn between two people.Activity, 4121. A thick layer of dust covers the top of our refrigerator.2. In June, sagging Christmas decorations were still hanging in the windows ofthe abandoned house.3. The people in the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and lost.4. Every plant in the dim room bent toward the small window.5. A glaring headline about the conviction of a local congressman attracted myattention.6. Two of the biggest stores in the mall are going out of business.7. The modem’s tiny red lights suddenly started to flicker.8. A neighbor of mine does all her work at home and E-mails it to the office.9. The jar of peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and shattered on the floor.10. The scar in the hollow of Brian’s throat is the result of an emergency operationto clearhis windpipe.Review Test, 4131. With one graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to firstbase.2. Like human mothers, sheep and goat mothers develop close bonds with theirbabies.3. Before class, Antonietta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine in the hall.4. I shifted uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling into a restlesssleep.5. Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt shifted his weight from one foot to theother.6. Ancient Egyptians were branding cattle more than four thousand years ago.7. Dogs and cats crowded the veterinarian’s offic e on Monday morning.8. The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and backed up toward a narrow parkingplace.9. During the American Revolution, some brides rejected white wedding gownsand wore red as a symbol of rebellion.10. The little girl’s frantic family called a psychic to locate the child.24 FragmentsNote: For each item the fragment, or that part of the original fragment not changed during correction, is underlined.Activity 2 (Dependent-Word Fragments), 417–4181. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for theweekend.3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will startflicking the porch light.4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.5. Before I turn on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the overhead light inthe kitchen.Activity 1 (-ing Fragments), 4191. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in thecornfield.2. They came to a stop at my house.3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.Activity 2 (-ing and to Fragments), 4201. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of yourway.Activity 1 (Added-Detail Fragments), 421-4221. For example, he sees the new movies first.2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments), 4221. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit atright-handed desks.2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leafclovers, to bingo.3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecksof snow.4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.Activity (Missing-Subject Fragments),423–4241. Then she does fifty sit-ups.2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.3. They break out in hives when they eat it, and they can even have troublebreathing.4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Then he jabbed aneedle into my gums and injected a painkiller.5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore. Review test 1Corrections (methods of correction may vary): p4252. I’m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbitbeing pursued by predators.6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get tomy bike without actually killing me.7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, driverscompletely ignore my vehicle.11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors willunexpectedly open.14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shoutout obscene propositions.16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abidingbicyclist, to a withering look of disdain.19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higherposition in the pecking order of the city streets.Review Test 2, P4261. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. Butwhenever I’d hear Reggie’s footsteps behind me,I would pump my legs a little faster.2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimatenightmare is to be trapped in a hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a goodsong. He was in the mood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.4. My children joke that we celebrate “Hanumas” with our Jewish neighbors. Weshare Hanukkah and Christmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating our tree.5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor’s trash bag. Irealized that he had made up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.6. I’ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. Bybeing away from home and on my own, I will get along better with my parents.7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. Weused to sail paper boats down the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a “river” there.8. Don passed the computer school’s aptitude tes t, which qualifies him for ninemonths of training. Don kidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.32 Misplaced ModifiersActivity, 469–470Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. The patient on the psychiatrist’s couch talked about his childhood.Or: On the psychiatrist’s couch, the patient talked about his childhood.2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.3. V onnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on thecounter.4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he would wear tohis first job interview.5 Anne ripped on a car door the shirt that she made in sewing class.Or: Anne ripped the shirt that she made in sewing class on a car door.6. The latest Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200 theaters across thecountry.7. Wearing a bulletproof vest, the newscaster spoke softly into a microphone.Or:The newscaster, wearing a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a microphone.8. Owing two months’ rent, the tenants left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants, owing two months’ rent, left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants who owed two months’ rent left town in a dilapidated old car.9. The woman with arthritis picked up a heavy frying pan.10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky juice. Review Test 2, 471Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers thathave died and gone to heaven.Or: In a poem, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.2. I filled almost an entire notebook with biology lab drawings.3. With envious eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter expertly fit thedoor.4. The photographer pointed the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope at the shy deer.Or:The photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope.5. With tired faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling or read newspapers.33 Dangling ModifiersActivity, 473–4741. The audience cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their hind legs,paraded by.Or:The audience cheered wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on their hind legs.2. The police spokesperson said the suspect, last seen wearing dark glasses and ablond wig, was still being sought.3. As I was pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl of milk.4. I knew the limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles,carried someone important.Or:Because it was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the limousine carried someone important.5. Tired and exasperated, we had a fight that was inevitable.Or: Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight we had was inevitable.6. Fran had difficulty removing the anchovies, which were packed tightly in atiny can.7. Raquel finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked carelessly under thebed.8. As I worked at the Xerox machine, the morning dragged on.9. While we were sitting at a sidewalk café, all sorts of interesting people passedby.10. Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle Zeke played his records from theforties.Or:Uncle Zeke played his somewhat warped records from the forties. Review Test 2, 4751. Because I hadn’t had much sleep, my concentration during class was weak.Or: Not having had much sleep, I couldn’t concentrate very well during class.2. A team of surgeons successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were joinedat the hip.3. While I was wading in the shallow surf, a baby shark brushed past my leg.4. While being restrained by federal marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced bythe judge.Or: The judge sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained by federal marshals.5. Beth was in a sentimental frame of mind, so the music brought tears to hereyes.34 Manuscript FormActivity, 478(Order of answers may vary.)2. Right-hand margins should not be crowded.3. Title should not be put in quotation marks or underlined.4. “Alone” should be capitalized in the title.5. A line should be skipped between the title and the first line of text.6. Paragraphs should be indented.7. The first sentence of the paper must stand independent of the title. (In thestudent paper, the reader must rely on the title to know what “This” in the first sentence refers to.)38 Quotation MarksActivity 1 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 4981. Several people have been credited with saying, “The more I see of people, themore I like dogs.”2. Beatrice asked, “Do you give a discount to senior citizens?”3. “This hamburger is raw!” c ried Leon.4. The bumper sticker on the rear of the battered old car read, “Don’t laugh—it’spaid for.”5. “I know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,” said the comedian. “The poordon’t have any money.”6. “These CDs,” proclaimed the television announcer, “are not sold in any store.”7. “When chefs go to great lengths,” the woman at the diet center said, “I go togreat widths.”8. “If you accept an invitation to dinner,” said the Duchess of Windsor, “you havea moral obligation to be amusing.”9. On a tombstone in a Maryland cemetery are the words, “Here lies an atheist,all dressed up and no place to go.”10. The columnist advised, “Be nice to people on your way up because you’llmeet them on your way down.”Activity 2 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 499Activity (Indirect Quotations), 5002. Sonya said, “My uncle looks just like a large basset hound.”3. Angelo said, “I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.”4. My boss said, “You can make mistakes as long as you don’t repeat them.”5. The instructor announced, “Thursday’s test has been cancelled.”Activity (Titles), 501–5021. In her short story “A Sea Worry,” Maxine Hong Kingston describes a group of teenage surfers and a mother who tries to understand them.2. I bought the National Enquirer to read an article entitled “Painful Beauty Secretsof the Stars.”3. We read the chapter “Pulling Up Roots” in Gail Sheehy’s book Passages.4. Jamila used an article titled “Winter Blues” from Time magazine in herresearch paper about seasonal depression.5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was originally castwith Ronald Reagan in the leading role.6. My favorite old TV show was Thriller, a horror series hosted by Boris Karloff,the man who starred in the 1931 movie Frankenstein.7. When the Beatles’ movie A Hard Day’s Night was first shown, fans screamedso much that no one could hear the songs or the dialogue.8. On my father’s wall is a framed front page of The New York Times ofFebruary 25, 1940—the day he was born.9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: “Culture and Diversity”and “Social Stratification.”10. An article in Consumer Reports called “Which Cereal for Breakfast?” claimsthat children can learn to like low-sugar cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties. Review Test 1, 5031. The psychology class read a short story called “Silent Snow, Secret Snow,”about a young boy who creates his own fantasy world.2. While filming the movie Vertigo, the actress Kim Novak was agonizing overhow to play a particular scene until the director, Alfred Hitchcock, reminded her, “Kim, it’s only a movie!”3. “I’m aga inst grade school students’ using pocket calculators,” said Fred. “I spentthree years learning long division, and so should they.”4. The composer George Gershwin wrote many hundreds of hit songs, includingclassics like “Summertime” and “Somebody Loves Me.”5. When I gagged while taking a foul-tasting medicine, my wife said, “Put an icecube on your tongue first, and then you won’t taste it.”6. I looked twice at the newspaper headline that read, “Man in River HadDrinking Problem.”7. To learn more about the stock market for his business class, Jared beganreading the column by Pablo Galarza in Money magazine called “Market Rap.”8. When a guest at the wedding was asked what he was giving the couple, hereplied, “About six months.”9. Theodore Roosevelt, a pioneer in conservation, once said, “When I hear of thedestruction of a species, I feel as if all the works of some great writer had perishe d.”10. “If you’re ever in trouble,” said the police officer, “you’ll have a betterchance of attracting aid if you shout ‘Fire’ instead of ‘Help.’ ”。
美国大学英语写作课后习题答案(PART_1)
A NSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5.specific2. first 6.bs3. equiped (other answers are possible)7. conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5. watching what I keep in the house2. however 6. comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling outmy fillings as I chewActivity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40Answers will vary.Activity (Prewriting), 41–43L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 (Outlining), 43–451. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every weekc. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instructorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teachers more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsActivity 2 (Outlining), 45–47Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us.Support: 2. Workers’ salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers. Second topic sentence: Another area that technology is changing is entertainment. Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others.Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.2. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.Activity (Revising), 47–482, 1, 4, 33 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingActivity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50–51List 1 List 22 Teachers3 Bicyclesl Education 4 Dangers of bike riding3 Math teacher l Recreation5 My high school math 2 Recreational vehiclesteacher was incompetent. 5 Bike riding in the city is a4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.List 3 List 41 Retail companies 3 Camping2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip4 Dealing with customers 2 Summer vacation3 Working in a supermarket 5 My first camping trip was a 5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.unpleasant supermarket customers. l VacationsActivity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53A. 1. TBB. 6. 22. TN 7. A3. TB 8. 24. TN 9. A5. TB 10. 2Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54–55Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4. c. Save money2. c. Sense of humor 5. c. Long hours3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about financesActivity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buyingpressure-treated lumber.X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced?How did this parent punish the writer?S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved:cheesecake and jeans.X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58Answers are given in the text after the activity.Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61Thesis statement: 4Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22First sentence of the conclusion: 34Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61–62 Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 621. A a. 1. TN a.OKb. OK b.2. OK a. 2. TN a.Ab. OK b.3. OK a. 3. TN a.Ab. OK b.4.A a. 4. OK a.OKb. TN b.5.A a. 5. OK a.OKb. TN b.Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62–63 Activity 4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 631. TB a. 1. OK a.OKb. 2 b.2.TB a. 2. 2 a.OKb. OK b.3. OK a. 3. OK a.TBb. 2 b.4. TB a. 4. 2 a.OK b.OK b.5. TB a. 5. 2 a.OK b.OK b.Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below.1. science. 6. coach2. to be enthusiastic. 7. we were emotionally immature.3. my boyfriend. 8. manners4. money. 9. my relationships with others.5. breaks down regularly. 10. the time I dented my friend’s car.Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65Answers may vary slightly.1. The cars I’ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.4. Halloween is not all fun.5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below.1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.3. My mother’s tidiness drives us crazy.4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than they’re supposed to.8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city.Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.1. Exotic animals as petsPeople should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.2. Teens and birth controlParents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.3. The new season’s TV programmingThe new television programs are carbon copies of last year’s successful shows.4. Computerized officesComputers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.5. Major fields of studyChoosing a major does not have to be done blindly.6. House callsDoctors should be compelled to make house calls.7. Summer vacationsSummer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.8. BarbecuingThere are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue grill.9. Children’s allowancesGetting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.10. Christmas shoppingOne year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance. Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68–69Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs hishair with his toothbrush3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temperActivity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69–70AD 1.U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, andproviding a nutritious diet.U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting?Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and soon) that aren’t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitiousjingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).AD 4.U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestionsother than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful?And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what shewanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writerattempted to please her.Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70–73Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included in the paragraphs below.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer—Dorothy Sayers—and it was pleasant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. W e each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. Mom and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. Instead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hours—far more quickly than we expected.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time. Mom fixed a faucet that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping. Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue.Mom and Dad struggled with this year’s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We were glad to see how much the Overholt children had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought.4 The Third Step in Essay WritingFill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75–76The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order.The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order: Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing, In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77A. 1. time orderB. time; emphatic; time; emphatic2. emphatic order3. combination of time and emphatic orderActivity (Transitions), 78–801. Addition signals: One, Also, Another2. Time signals:After,First, Next, Finally3. Space signals:Next [to], To the right, Near4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however5. Illustration signals:For example, such as6. Conclusion signals:Finally, thereforeActivity (Transitional Sentences), 81Answers may vary slightly.In addition to teaching me about the importance of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work.Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized the benefits of a good education. Activity (Other Connecting Words), 831. four times2. he3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigidActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87 Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 891. B Starting with an opposite 1. P/R2. F Quotation 2. Q3. A General to narrow 3. SActivity (Titles), 90–91Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.1. Choosing McDonald’s2. A Diner at Midnight3. Audiences at Rock ConcertsActivity 1 (Organizing Through Time Order), 91–931. 12. 33. 13 132 2 2Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95–961. 22. 33. 21 1 33 2 1Activity (Providing Transitions), 93–94First of all, there are the people . . .For example, there are the ones . . .Another type of nervous . . .However, neither of these . . .A second category of people . . .On the contrary, they feel compelled . . .As a result, no one hears . . .After they have been to the theater . . .Then they will start . . .Last of all, there are the people who talk . . .In addition, it is impossible . . .But if ever I am granted . . .Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words), 95–96S 1. T 9.P 2. RW 10.T 3. S 11.S 4. T 12.P 5. P 13.RW 6. RW 14.P 7. T 15.P 8.Activity (Completing Transitional Sentences), 96–97Thesis 1:After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtain legal permits . . .Finally, once you have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise . . .Thesis 2:In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in astadium . . .Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the “real thing.”. . .Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions), 97-99Pair 1:D Incident or storyI Prediction or recommendationPair 2:E Question(s)G Summary and final thoughtPair 3:F QuotationG Summary and final thought5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingActivity (Use Parallelism), 101–102Answers may vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers,and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, andsprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, andauditioning for professional companies.6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance for advancement.7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or athome.8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’s respect.9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his own instincts.10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, anddying forests.Activity (Consistency with Verbs), 1031. arrive arrived 6. floatedfloats2. asks asked 7. grabsgrabbed3. sliced slices 8.swooped swoops4. went goes 9.recharged recharge5. tips tipped 10. burnsburnedActivity (Consistency with Pronouns), 104–1051. your their health 6. you I canown2. you I never know 7. you herindigestion3. youwe have if youwe 8. you we don’t dare4. their its aggressive 9. we they canlearn5. one you should plan 10. one you shoulddressActivity 1 (Use Specific Words), 106–107Answers will vary; following are examples.1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page . . .5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .Activity 2 (Use Specific Words), 107–108Answers will vary; following are examples.1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused to start.2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffling problems.3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes open.4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be swept out, scrubbed, and reorganized.5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Streetand stopped traffic for an hour.Activity (Use Active Verbs), 1091. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.Activity (Use Concise Words), 110–111Answers will vary.1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.3. I am shy.4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.8. The school district canceled classes because of the bad weather.9. I regret not having studied word processing in high school.10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.Activity (Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought), 112–1131. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .5. . . . present, so I offered . . .Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought), 114–115Answers may vary.1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words aminute, she . . .Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase), 1161. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to work overtime.3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel to channel.Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series), 117–118Answers may vary.1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in his mouth.2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes, and drunkeight cups of coffee.4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under the old woodeneaves.5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.Activity (Proofreading), 120–1211. 2 6.112. 4 7.133. 5 8.144. 6 9.165. 9 10.17Corrections (methods of correction may vary):1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, whosmoked2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, myfavorite color3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they arecolored neon green.4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, Ilook5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray;the answerReview Test 1 (Using Parallelism), 1221. filled with suspense suspenseful 6. selling toys toysalesperson2. furniture for the office 7. food on thetable putting food on the tableoffice furniture 8. to cram cramming3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9. bags are put on them bagged(or:put into bags)4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendlinessas well and his friendliness5. being kind kindnessReview Test 2 (Using Parallelism), 1231. to buy buying 6. werewhispering whispered2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good goodpayrotting porch furniture 9. was putting put 4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 10. losing lost5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)Review Test 1 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1241. is was taken 6. getsgot the chicken2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized itcontained3. proceeds proceeded slowly. 8. transfers transferredthe groceries,4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that thebarbecued chicken5. parks parked his shopping cart 10. says said to the clerk, Review Test 2 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1251. you they work. 6. one I canmeet2. you I could hear 7. were toyou me.3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive4. one I must complete 9. you they haveturned in5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to helpyou her.Review Test 1 (Using Specific Words), 126Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion.Review Test 2 (Using Specific Words), 127Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid questions.2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’ duel.4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.Review Test (Using Active Verbs), 1281. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.3. A virus infected my computer.4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.6. The telephone company placed an additional charge on our phone bill.7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.Review Test 1 (Using Concise Words), 129Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. I finally decided to look for a new job.2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price dropped before buying our computer. Review Test 2 (Using Concise Words), 130Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.2. Your line of credit has been increased.3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or:I think candy tastes better than fruit.)4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.Review Test 1 (Varying Your Sentences), 131Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and thewatch slid off her wrist.2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and theycrumpled under her.3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive garagebecause he did not want to risk damage to his new car.4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young policeofficer.5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked slates off the roof, anduprooted a young tree.Review Test 2 (Varying Your Sentences), 132–133Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. When a sudden cold front hit the area, temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less than anhour. I was not wearing a warm jacket, so my teeth began to chatter.2. Vern works as a model, so he has to look his best. When he gained ten pounds recently, hehad to take off the extra weight, or he would have lost his job.。
美国大学英语写作课后习题答案.pptx
second is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.
For each point, she discusses women and then men.
7.
8. On the other hand (7) In contrast (9)
6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.
He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.
7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street
Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-585
1. A
2. D
3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.
But (11) 9. d 10 a P.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508) Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.
4. Effect: An epidemic of anger 6. B
Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension
(完整版)美国大学英语写作 课后答案
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案(PART 1) ANSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassleof the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31Answers will vary.Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5. specific2. first 6. bs3. equiped (other answers are possible) 7.conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5. watching what I keep in the house2. however 6. comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am.7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . .9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling out。
美国大学英语写作课后答案PART2
Answer KeyPART TWO: PATTERNS OF ESSAY DEVELOPMENT8 DescriptionQuestions on the Student Essays, 170–1721. c2. I’d been visiting my cousins . . .3. c4. bsight hearing5. b. He was staring off into space, idly tapping his spoon against the table, while shesightsightdrew aimless parallel lines on her paper napkin with a bent dinner fork.touch sight sightc. The blouse is made of heavy eggshell-colored satin and reflects the light in itssightfolds and hollows.touch sight sightd. Her brows are plucked into thin lines, which are like two pencil strokes added tosighthighlight those fine, luminous eyes.6. dull hum, silently waiting, deserted cooking area7. b8. The most haunting feature in the photo . . .9. a10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 180–1811. Lou’s coffee shop is like “a fond but dysfunctional family.”(Wording may vary.)2. d3. Lou is concerned that she is smoking rather than eating.4. b5. sight, hearing, smell6. d7. After a moment . . .8. c9. a10. bPrewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 184–185A. Plucked eyebrowsOval faceWavy brown hairB. Silver earringsBraceletRingC. Ring from another manSignature (“Sincerely . . .”)9 NarrationQuestions on the Student Essays, 190–1921. “Adopting a Handicap”2. Thanks to a new building program . . .3. Pine Streethad a lot of antique stores . . .4. I hope my parents and I . . .sight touch sight touch sight5. a. My palms reddened and my wrist and forearm muscles started to ache as I tugged at thetouchheavy metal wheels.sightb. I could not see the minister, the choir, or the altar.hearinghearingc. The club thudded against the side of Victor’s head, making him yelp with pain.sightsightd. As we ran, I kept seeing him sprawled on the ground, blood from our beatingtrickling into his eyes.6. Victor, the biggest of us . . .7. three8. a. Coping with the wheelchair (or Learning how to use the wheelchair)b. Dealing with additional problems in the wheelchair9. After, When, As10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 197–1981. Answers will vary. One possibility: Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife stillloved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. b5. Answers may vary. Two examples:Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”Vingo asks his wife to leave a signal (the handkerchief) rather than confront her directly.6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetTerminal in New Y ork, Philadelphia, Brunswick8. But if she didn’t . . .9. d10. d10 ExamplesQuestions on the Student Essays, 207–2081. Some kids can be . . .2. Paragraph 2 in “Everyday Cruelty”3. To pass time as I walk . . .4. Then they did even more cruel things . . .5. A young woman chimed in . . .6. Explore the rise of Nazi Germany; play a trivia game; hear the life story of a stranger7. At lunchtime on Wednesday, Then, As people stared, Finally8. But no part of everyday life . . .9. “Altered States”: Confronted with inventions . . .10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 215–2161. b 7.102. c 8.a. When, The next year3. db. too4. cc. although5. But, I said, he kept . . . 9. a6. b 10.c11 ProcessQuestions on the Student Essays, 226–2281. First supporting paragraph; one example of a topic sentence: First, arrange time forexercise.2. b3. One of the problems . . .4. Then get out the simple materials . . .5. Paragraph 4 describes an incident with a plumber who left a bathtub dirty.6. Paragraph 3 describes an incident with a “lemon”bicycle and an incident concerning anovercharge by a department store.7. Next; To begin with; Then; Then8. first . . . next9. a10. dQuestions on the Professional Essay, 234–2361. The job-interview “game” may not be 5. dmuch fun, but . . . or Here are guidelines 6. First of all, Then, Finallyto help you play . . . 7. a2. d 8.On the other hand3. b 9.b4. c 10.bPrewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 238Step 1:Items 1 through 9 Step 3:Items 13 through 17Step 2:Items 10 through 1212Cause and EffectQuestions on the Student Essays, 243–2441. b2. The single time . . .3. In fact, my “antique” has opened my eyes to the advantages of owning an old car: economy,reliability, and familiarity. (Wording of answer may vary slightly.)4. b, d5. Because they are constantly observed . . .6. c7. In addition to the loss of privacy . . .8. In addition; also9. One; Last of all10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 249–2511. The thesis is implied in sentences 1 and2. It could be stated thus: There are variouspossible reasons why mothers tend to hold their babies in their left arms.2. d3. b4. a5. Fathers show less left-side bias than mothers.6. The effect:left-side biasTwo possible causes:Answers may vary. Any two of the following: Mother’s heart is on the left side; “left brain” is more “emotional”; baby usually turns head to right.7. therefore8. Recently a possible additional value . . .9. d10. b13Comparison and ContrastQuestions on the Student Essays, 261–2621. Paragraph 3: Eating at the Chalet is . . .2. Once, I forgot . . .3. 24. (Wording of answers may vary)a. Chalet is dimly lit; McDonald’s is bright.b. Waiters at the Chalet are formal; employees at McDonald’s are friendly.c. Food is unfamiliar at the Chalet; food is familiar at McDonald’s.5. Even the other diners . . .6. Now, I use several techniques . . .7. on the other hand8. most important9. c10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 268–2701. Stated in paragraph 6: “. . . the families that operate like Beaver Cleaver’s are . . .disappearing because three parts of our lives have changed . . .”2. c3. c4. Fast food, takeout, and heat-and-serve dishes make up much of the modern American diet.5. Television and computers6. 107. After, then8. Today the words . . .9. a10. dPrewriting (Writing Assignment 1), 270–273First point: Different playing requirementsSecond point: Different traits and skills involvedThird point: Different images14DefinitionQuestions on the Student Essays, 278–2791. Paragraph 2: Football fans just plain . . .2. Baseball fans go . . .3. Should their beloved team . . .4. c5. 46. dQuestions on the Professional Essay, 285–2871. Answers will vary. Example: Addiction to TV resembles addiction to alcohol or drugs inseveral ways.2. d3. b4. b5. The heroin addict’s damaged life; the alcoholic’s narrowed and dehumanized life6. a7. 68. Finally9. c10. b15Division and ClassificationQuestions on the Student Essays, 294–2951. Paragraph 42. Mall managers have obviously . . .3. These frogs are an example . . .4. Then, they wander . . .5. Paragraph 46. hearinga. Hearing the music of the antique carousel housed there, Jenny begs to ride herfavoritesightpony with its shining golden mane.hearing sightb. Shouting “I’m starving!” Fred, Jr., drags the family toward the food court, wheresmellhe detects the seductive odor of pizza.sighttouchc. Mom walks through a fabric store, running her hand over the soft velvets andtouchslippery silks.7. first, Then, Finally8. A second kind of ad . . .9. d10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 300–3021. Answers will vary. One example: V arious kinds of waiting interrupt everyone’s life.2. Answers will vary. One possibility: This is intentional; it is done for a humorous effect.3. Watched-Pot Wait; Forced Wait4. “Y ou have a choice” in the Forced Wait.5. He gives examples: protecting your car by not running it cold; preparing soup properly.6. Introduction: paragraphs 1–2Topic 1: paragraphs 3–5Topic 2: paragraphs 6–8Topic 3: paragraph 9Topic 4: paragraphs 10–11Conclusion: paragraphs 12–137. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is . . .8. b9. d10. He uses an image in which all the waits are involved. (Wording may vary.)16ArgumentationQuestions on the Student Essays, 314–3151. Paragraph 4. Topic sentences will vary; one example: Local news is often lacking in depth.2. Is raising taxes . . .3. Stress is probably greater . . .4. “Teenagers and Jobs”: Also, teens who have money . . .“Once Over Lightly”: They too dilute the news . . .5. Paragraph 3 . . . However6. Weatherpersons, reporters, anchorpersons7. Paragraph 3: AnotherParagraph 4: Finally8. Change-of-direction: ButIllustration:For example9. b, c10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 320–3221. c2. d3. a4. c5. a6. Knives promote physical fitness, don’t ricochet, don’t kill people cleaning them.No, she is not really pro-knife; her point is that guns are even more dangerous than knives. (Answers may vary.)7. In the first place, plus, and8. We do, however, license . . .9. c10. a。
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Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
One side at a time
Sample Outline
Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. I. College A. Self-directed study B. Campus environment C. Heavy course load II. High school A. More in-class time for study B. Fewer distractions at home C. Lighter course load
essays call for one of two types of development:
1) One side at a time 2) Point by point
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
When we compare two things, we show how they are similar.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Point by point
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Sample Outline
Point by point
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E
Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school. I. Support for study A. College B. High school II. Study environment A. College B. High school III. Work load A. College B. High school
In this method of development, each point of comparison or contrast is addressed with respect to each of the subjects in turn turn.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Thirteen Comparison and Contrast
College Writing Skills, 6E and College Writing Skills, Skills with Readings, 6E Readings,
John Langan
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
One side at a time
In this method of development, all of the points of comparison or contrast are addressed first with respect to one of the subjects and then to the subjects, other. other
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and contrast
Chapter 13
Comparison and Contrast
When we contrast two things, we show how they are different.
College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 6E © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies,mparison and Contrast
The purpose of comparing and contrasting two things is to understand the two things more clearly, and, at times, to make judgments about them.