人教版2020高考英语重难增分篇第四讲定语从句讲与练新人教版

第四讲定语从句

李仕才

第一课时知识过关课

1.在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom常可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。

2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等时，不能用that引导。

3.以下情况下一般用that：

(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、形容词最高级及the only，the very等修饰时。

(3)先行词包括人和物时。

4.当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词＋which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。

[注意] 当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。

5.当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：

(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。

(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope 等动词连用。

(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。

(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。

(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。

读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线和黑体部分。思考：引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定。

It was the__summer__of__2012,__when[1] I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School.Our school is a__wonderful__place,__where[2] I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our__classroom,__the__roof__of__which[3] looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school.The__main__reason__why[4]I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my__classmates here, two__of__whom[5] are my best friends.Jack，who[6]comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various__sports，among__which[7]he likes running very much.He__will__run__5__kilometers__every__day，which[8]makes him look strong.Nick，whose[9]father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard.We often talk about the__people__and__the__things that[10] we see in our school.Nick prefers the__food that[11]is made in our canteen.The__teacher whom[12]he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.

1.先行词是the summer of 2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (＝in which，during which)引导定语从句。

2.先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (＝at which)

引导定语从句。

3.先行词是Our classroom，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是物时，只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。

4.先行词是the main reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。

5.先行词是my classmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。

6.先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。

7.先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。

8.先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which 引导。

9.先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick’s，用whose引导。

10.先行词是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。

11.先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。

12.先行词是the teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。

Ⅰ.单句填空(用适当的关系词填空)

1.Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

2.Is this the reason why he was so careless in his work?

3.The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.

4.He lives in a village which is not far from the city.

5.He lives in the village where he was born.

6.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

7.In an hour, we travel to places where we can relax and get refreshed.

8.The place which interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

9.The place where he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.

10.I’ll never forget the days when we studied together.

Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改