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专八改错练习及答案

2011年5月1.One important outcome of the work on the expression of genes in developing embryos is sure to be knowledge that can help preventing birth defects. Just as promising (26) is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing (27) of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an (28) automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly, neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from (29) the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the (30) goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box genes, control the expression of other genes that create the valves and piston of the working cerebral engine.The protein encoded by the latter genes could change the (31) stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its metabolism to create the characteristic peculiar to, say, neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the (32) mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick together to form specific structures; they might also sense (33) the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do.Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in(34) embryology and molecular biology for some times to come. (35) What is perhaps the most intriguing question of all is if the brain is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.2.Cities can be frightened places. The majority of the population live in noisy massive towe r blocks. __1__The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear when you live thirty floors u p in a skyscraper. __2__Strange enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, __3__nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks even say hello to each other. __ 4__Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally keep the inhabitants of a small village together. __5__ People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help.So country life has disadvantages too. For example, shopping becomes a major proble m and __6__for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go for an expedition to the nearest large town. __7__The country has the advantage of peaceful and quiet, but suffers from the is advant ages of being cut off. __8__The city has noise and population which do harm to human health. But one of their main advantages is th at __9__ you are at the centre of things and that life doesn‟t come to an end even at ten at night. Some people have found a compromise be-tween the two: they expressed their preference for the quiet life by leaving for the city and moving to the __10__country within commuting distance of the large city.3、Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for death, for example, may sometimes oppr ess you.__1__even when this is successfully overcome, there is still something for you to deal with -loneliness.Loneliness can speed your demise no matter conscientiously you care for your body. __2__“We go through life surrounded by protective convoys of others,” says Robert Kahn,a psychologist of the University of Michigan who studied the health effects of compa nionship. __3__“People who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.” One study of elderlyheart-attack patients found that those with two or more close associations enjoyed twi ce __4__the one-year survival rate of those who were completely panionship aside, healthy oldsters seem to share a knack for managing stress, poison that contributesme asurably to heart disease, __5__cancer and accidents. Researchers have also been kinked successful aging to mental st imulation.__6__An idle brain will deteriorate just as sure as an unused leg, __7__notes Dr. Gene Cohen, Head of the gerontology center at George ashington Universit y.But just as exercise can prevent muscle atrophy, mental challenges seem to preserve __8__both the mind and the immune system. But what most impresses researcherswho study the oldest old is his simple drive and resilience. “People who reach 100 a re not quitters,”__9__says Adler of the National Centenarian Awareness Project. “They sha re a remarkable ability to renegotiate life in every turn, to accept the inevitable losses And move on.”__10__4In the United States there are, strict speaking, __1__no national holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment or executive pr oclamation, __2__appoint the day which each holiday is celebrated. Congress and the president may est ablish legal holidays__3__for the District of Columbia and for federal employees throughout the states and territ ories;and by long custom,days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, Than ksgiving, __4__Labor Day, Independent Day, and New Year‟s Day, are uniformly set __5__apart by all states as legal, or public holidays. In 1968, federal legislation established Columbia Day __6__as a legal holiday for the District of Columbia and for the federal government beginn ing at 1971. __7__The law also provided begun in 1971 federal employees would be granted__8__three-days weekends by observing Washington‟s Birthday on the third Monday in Feb ruary, __9__Memorial Day on the last Monday in May, Columbus Day on the second Monday in October,and Veteran Day on the forth Monday on October. By 1971, most of the states also adopted the new dates. __10__5、One of our main arguments is that we in Western countries actually have part to play in causing the __1__problems of the Third World. Many Third World countries are saddle with immense debt burdens, for __2__example. They were lent money with low interest rates in the 1970s, when money fl ooded into Western banks__3__from the oil-producing countries and was lent out to the Third World. The interest ra tes have then been risen __4__dramatically. So you have a situation where a country in many cases can‟t even repa y the interest, letting alone__5__the capital, on the debt. And I suppose the best example from what I have come acr oss is a country inWest Africa where the consumption, the local consumption of peanuts was banned, be cause peanuts,if they are imported can bring in a great deal of foreign income. The peanut is a ma jor source of __6__protein in this country.So you have people go hungry as a result of that. __7__The peanuts were exported to Great Britain and the United States to feed our cattle.T hose cattle then produceda surplus of milk which we do not know what to do with.We have enough milk, mo re milk than we can copewith in the Western World.And also that milk was transformed into dried milk powd er and then taken back to this country __8__to help feed children who were suffering from malnutrition. So that‟s the kind of ins anely economic relationship__9__that we have got ourselves in the Third World. __10__6Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately,that message has not gotten through to the average American, that would rather try s witching to __1__"light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for D isease Control, for example,found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults were trying to shed __2__ pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by calorie-expending charts; __3__for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work the 275 calorie s in one __4__delicious Danish pastry. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here."Exercise in itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, __5__ the program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. __6__ Therefore, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. __7__A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other publicemployees confirmed that those who diet without exercise regained almost all their ol d weight, __8__while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weig ht.If you decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burnan extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assumed no increase in __9__food taken, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks grad ually __10__and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight7Henry Fielding, the famous novelist who was also26) a London magistrate, once made a night raid to two known hideouts in this city-within-a-city; he found seven men, women, and children packed away in a few tiny27) stinking rooms. All of these people, included little children of five and six who were trained as pick-pockets, were wanted for crime. Conditions like these bred more crim inals. One of the28) typical cases was that Jack Shepard, whose execution in 1724 was watched by t wo hundred thousand people. Shepard, the son of honest working people, was an29) apprentice in a respectful trade. He ran away from it because he fancied that he had been ill-treated, and soon30) found it was easy to make more money by thieving31) as his father had done by a lifetime of honest work.32) In Shepard‟s day highwaymen committed robberies at broad daylight, in sight ofa crowd, and rode solemnly and33) triumphantly through the town with danger of molestation. If they were chased, t wenty or thirty armed men were ready34) to come to their assistance. Murder was a everyday affair,35) and there were many people who made heroes from the murderers.8I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (26)have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretc hes of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27)their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28)of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often represented in "cont exts" and strung together in dialogues and (29)reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of th e sentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learners br ain(30)by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (31)sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teachers view of what that consti tutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (32)as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (33)and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradig matically rather than syntagmatically related. Such a knowledge "provides the basis for the actual use of language by the speaker-hearer".The assumption that the language appears to make (34)is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have no difficulty in the deal ing with the actual use of language. (35)9What is corporate c ulture? At its most basic, it‟s described like the personality of an orga nization, __1__or simply as “how things are done around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. __2__Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality __3__or character of a particular company or organization, and include such elements as co re values __4__and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expresse d in thecompany‟s mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration,by what people wear to work, by how people address to each other, and in the title s given to various __5__employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture after you have worked at t he company for a number of months, __6__but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is atwo-step process, starting with the research before the interview and ending with obse rvation __7__at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment- __8__and to be happy, successful, and productive, you will want to be ina place where yo u fit for the culture, __9__a place where you can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth. _ _10__10Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child h as good parents,heis fed, looked after and loved, what he may do, It is improbable that he will ever again in his life __1__be given so much without having to do anything in turn. In addition, life is always presenting __2__new things to the child—things that have lost their interesting for older people becaus e __3__they are too well-known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain, or in the sn ow.His first visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains:He i s not so free to do__4__as he wishes as he thinks old people do; he is continually being told not to do thing s,or being punished for that he has done wrong. His life is therefore __5__not longer perfectly happy. When the young man starts to earn his own living, __6 __he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents;but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities.He can not longer expect others to pay for his foo d, his clothes,and his room,but has to work if he wants to live comfortable. If he spends most of his time playing about in __7__the way that he used to as a child, he will suffer hungry. __8__And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to breakthe laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, therefore, __9__he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health,he can have the great happiness of seeing himself making steady progress in his job __10__and of building up for himself his own position in society.11Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whoseproductivity and social harmony are the envy of the United Statesand Europe.But increasingly the Japanese is seeing a decline __1__of their traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago youngpeople were hardworking and saw their jobs as theirprimary reason for being,but now Japan has large __2__fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go nex t.The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into __3_ _the male-dominated job market has limited the opportunities of teen-agers who __4__ are already questioning the heavy personalsacrifices involved climbing __5__Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey,it was found that only 24.5percent Japanese students were fully satisfied with__6__ school life,compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 countries surveyed. While often__7__praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics.Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanic learning __8__over creativity and self-expression. Last year Japan experienced 2,125incidentsof school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewaremphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Detoyama,who was then education minister, raised his eyebrow when he argued that liberal reforms introduced__9__by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakenedthe "Japanese morality of respect of parents." __10__12About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided i f women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2___ _University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths coul d be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4__ __families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____ the United Nation‟s Children‟s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6___ _risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____ maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____ pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____ mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10___ _two years apart.13“Home, sweet home” is a phrase that express an essentialattitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in thefamily house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____has great importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlersof American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____for one‟s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____ portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _____4_____ support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in theUnited States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____ is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically inthe suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____ a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____ way of life.14The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__ have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when oneoccasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat fromone whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of Englandwas designated “the King‟s fish” because it automatically belongedto the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, andexploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__Even though some species are protected by the regulations ofthe International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whalehunting is regulated, but the earth‟s stock of whales is still being __7__depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind willbe blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man‟s imagination and __10__made the world a more exciting place15We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any moment passes wit h someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly depend on fast and suc cessful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and whenlanguage started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of languageis that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel thenecessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most peoplehave probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater thansome people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__takes language as its object of investigation.16The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__ have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when oneoccasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat fromone whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__“great fish,” and any whale beachin g along the coasts of Englandwas designated “the King‟s fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, andexploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__Even though some species are protected by the regulations ofthe International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whalehunting is regulated, but the earth‟s stock of whales is stil l being __7__depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind willbe blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man‟s imagination and __10__made the world a more exciting place17We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any moment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly depend on fast and suc cessful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and whenlanguage started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of languageis that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel thenecessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most peoplehave probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater thansome people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__takes language as its object of investigation.18Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you can‟t hel p being strucked by the __1__appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__short; their general appe arance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__ha ve successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__style of dress. The sam e cannot be said for women. Each year, a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and Lon don lay down __7__on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__decr ees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__waists will be hei ght; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__19Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were more eager th an ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both me n and womenand brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height __1___after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” __2 __These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but temporary __3__ reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger age than their __4__Europe counterparts. __5__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed __6__families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a __7__ postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of __8 __couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States __9_ _maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. __10__ Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not aba ndoned.When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediately start meeting diffi culties. Many people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied tha t she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the __1__way they occupied the space around them—for example, when such a person walks d own a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never __2__ bump into other people.However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, __3__it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited __4__ to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American __5__ hasn‟t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had __6__ known about American food, he might have behaved better. __7__Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, tohim, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that __8__ it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, __9__said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. __10__And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners.。

(完整)专八改错题及答案

2012年3月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally orfreely．The argument has been going since at least the first （1） ______century B。

C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century， many writers favouredcertain kind of “free" translation： the spirit, not the letter; the （2） _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3） _______the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of the 19th (5） ____ century， when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language （6) _______was entirely the product of culture， the view translation was impossible （7） _____gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as （8) __literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vlad imir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership， the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often，writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other．Now， the context has changed， and the basic problem remains．（10） _____参考答案：1．going后加on2．certain改为a certain3．rather改为not4．is 改为was5．in 改为 at6．去掉第二个the7．view后面加that8．去掉 was9．culminated后面加in10．and 改为but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age， perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer。

英语专业八级改错(终稿版)

英语专业八级改错（1）It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington,who would __10__often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.英语专业八级（1）答案和解析:1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation2. it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain3. that—which4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词5. indicated—indicating来源：考试大6. began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。

专八改错习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(一)About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.参考答案及解析:1 将had used 改为used。

专八改错习题及答案解析

专八改错模拟题

(1)One important outcome of the work on the expression of genes in developing embryos is sure to be knowledge that can help preventing birth defects. Just as promising (26) is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing (27) of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an (28) automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly, neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from (29) the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the (30) goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box genes, control the expression of other genes that create the valves and piston of the working cerebral engine. The protein encoded by the latter genes could change the (31) stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its metabolism to create the characteristic peculiar to, say, neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the (32) mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick together to form specific structures; they might also sense (33) the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do. Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in (34) embryology and molecular biology for some times to come. (35) What is perhaps the most intriguing question of all is if the brain is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.preventing改为preventplicated改为complexion28.sight后加into29.neuroscientist改为a neuroscientist30.pursuing后加inter改为latter32.similar改为similarly33.去掉is34.times改为time35.if改为whether(2)Vitamins, like minerals, are chemicals. There is absolutely not difference in the chemical structure (26) of the nature vitamin C and the chemical structure (27) of the synthetic vitamin C. Also, while most sub- stances are harmless at very low level of intake, all (28) substance -- even the elements that are essential to life -- can be dangerous if you overdo them. Take water for example. Six or eight glasses a day will keep your body in good fluid balance. But you can also be drown (29) in it. Some people argue that individuals vary greatly (30) in their need for nutrients, it cannot necessarily be stated any given amount is too much; that is all (31) relative. But since there is little solid information on what is the optimalintake of any essential nutrient in healthy individuals, it would be impossible to give guidelines that take these proportional needs into the (32) account. Just as with other drugs, the relation to (33) different vitamin dosages varies, with some people better able than others to tolerate large amounts. While we do know that very specifically what the toxic level (34) is for vitamins A and D, we are far less sure about vitamin E, even though it, too, is fat-soluble, and we still don’t understand the water-soluble vitamin, the C (35) and the B groups, which the body cant store.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.not改为no27.nature改为natural28.at后加a29.去掉be30.that后加31.stated后加that32. 去掉the33. relation改为reaction34.去掉that35. vitamin改为vitamins(3)The telephone system is a circuit-switched network. For much of the history of the system, when you placed (26) a call, you were renting a pair of copper wires that ran continuously from your telephone to the other party’s phone. You had excluding use of those wires during the (27) call; when you hung up, they were rented to someone else. Today the transaction is more complicated. ( your call may well possess a fiber-optic cable or a satellite with hundreds of other calls), but more conceptually the system (28) still works the same way. When you dial the phone, you get a private connection of one other party. This is an alternative network architecture called (29) packet switching, in which all stations are always connected to the network, but they receive only the messages addressed to them. It is as if your telephone was always tuned in to (30) thousands of conversations going on the wire, but you (31) heard only the occasional word intended to you. Most (32) computer networks employ packet switching, because it is more efficient than circuit switching when traffic is heavy. It seems reasonable the existing packet-switched (33) network will grow, and new one may be created; they could (34) well absorb traffic that would otherwise go to the telephone system and thereby reduce the need for telephone numbers.(35)26.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.much改为most27.excluding改为exclusive28.more29.This改为There30.was改为were31.going后加by32.to改为for33.reasonable后加that34.one改为ones35.need改为demand(4)The German poet and polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe pondered the question of how organisms develop in his scientific studies of form and structure immature plants and animals, a field he found and named morphology. His search for a single basic body plan (26) across all life-forms led him to think about the prevalence of repeating (27) segments in body structures. The spinal columns of fish, reptiles, (28) birds and mammals, for instance, all are made of long strings of (29) repeated vertebrae. Among invertebrates the growth of virtually identical segments is how striking: in earthworms, for example, even (30) internal organs are repeated in serial segments. Likewise, the abdomen of flies and other insects are segmented, as are the (31) successive wormlike articulations in crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans. To Goethe the evidence suggested that nature takes a building-block approach to generate life, repeating a basic element (32) again and again to arrive at a complicated organism. The only glaring (33) hole he could see in the theory was the apparent lack of sort of (34) segmentation in the vertebrate heads. In 1790 he hypothesized that (35) spinal vertebrate is modified during the development to form the skull.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.26.found改为founded27.repeating改为repeated28.fish改为fishes29.made后加up30.去掉how31.abdomen改为abdomens32.generate改为generatingplicated改为complex34.heads改为head35.is改为are(5)Literature is a means by which we know ourselves. By it we (26) meet future selves, and recognize past selves; against it we match our present self. Its primary function is to validate and re-create the self in all its individuality and distinctness. In doing so, it cements a sense of relationship between the self and the otherness of the book, and allows us a notion of ourselves as sociable. Its shared knowledge is vicarious experience; by this means we enlarge our understandings (27) of what it means to be human, of the corporate and independent (28) nature of human society. The act of reading the book marks both our difference in and our place in the human fabric. The more we read, (29) the more we are. In the act of reading silently we are alone from the (30) book, separate from ones own immediate surroundings. Yet in the (31) act of reading we enter other minds and other places, enlarge our (32) dialogue with the world. Thus paradoxically, while disengaging from the immediate we are increasing its scope. In silence, reading activates a deeply creative function of consciousness. We are deeply committed to the narrative which we coexist while engaged in (33) reading. All kinds of present physical discomfortness may be (34) unnoticed while we are reading, and actual time is replaced by narrative time. To imaginatively enter a fictional world by reading it (35) is then both a liberation from self and an expansion of self.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.By改为In27.understandings改为understanding28.independent改为interdependent29.去掉in30.from改为with31.ones改为our32.enlarge前加and33.which前加with34.discomfortness改为discomfort35.去掉it(6)Because the air in the country is really clean, we ought to live there much as is possible. Since, however, a great deal of the worlds (26) work must be done indoor in cities, it is important that we take every (27) precaution to ventilate our houses properly. Some people have thought that night air is injurious. But careful study shows that night air is identical with that which we breath during the day. In face the (28) proper ventilation of a bedroom is one of the first necessity for good (29) health. Since the exhaled air is usually warmer and lighter than the inhaled air, it rises to the top of the room. Therefore it is better to open a window both at the top to let the warm up air out and also at (30) the bottom to admit the fresh air in. Of course, this does not mean (31) that one should sleep in a strong draft. In many places it is feasible to sleep out-of-the-doors on a sleeping porch and so to secure perfect (32) ventilation. In recent years we have seen steady progress made in the development of equipments to supply proper conditioned air not only in large (33) auditoriums, class-rooms, and factories, but also in railroad trains and in private homes. This equipment cleans the air off dust, keeps (34) the temperature comfortable, holds the humidity at the right point, and keeps the air in the motion. Such a condition is conductive to (35) efficiency as well as good health.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.much前加as27.indoor改为indoors28.breath改为breathe29.necessity改为necessities30.up改为upper31.去掉in32.out-of-the-doors改为out-of-doors33.equipments改为equipment34.off改为of35.去掉the(7)Henry Fielding, the famous novelist who was also 26) a London magistrate, once made a night raid to two known hideouts in this city-within-a-city; he found seven men,women, and children packed away in a few tiny 27) stinking rooms. All of these people, included little children of five and six who were trained as pick-pockets, were wantedfor crime. Conditions like these bred more criminals. One of the 28) typical cases wasthat Jack Shepard, whose execution in 1724 was watched by two hundred thousand people. Shepard, the son of honest working people, was an 29) apprentice in a respectful trade.He ran away from it because he fancied that he had been ill-treated, and soon 30) foundit was easy to make more money by thieving 31) as his father had done by a lifetime of honest work. 32) In Shepard’s day highwaymen committed robberies at broad daylight, in sight of a crowd, and rode solemnly and 33) triumphantly through the town with danger of molestation. If they were chased, twenty or thirty armed men were ready 34) to come to their assistance. Murder was a everyday affair, 35) and there were many people who made heroes from the murderers.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.to * on27.included * including28.Jack * of Jack29.respectful * respectable30.was easy * easy31.as * than32.at * in33.with * without34.a * an35.from * of(8)I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (26) have paidlittle attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28) of sentences as self-contained units. It is truethat these are often represented in "contexts" and strung together in dialogues and (29) reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of thesentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learnersbrain(30) by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teachingunit is the (31) sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teachers view ofwhat that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (32) as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (33) and of the transformationalrelations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related. Such a knowledge "provides the basis for the actual use of language by the speaker-hearer". The assumption that the language appears to make (34)is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have no difficulty in thedealing with the actual use of language. (35)26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26.saying改为say27.disconnected改为connected28.to改为on29.represented改为presented30.brain改为mind31.drill改为drills32.去掉what后面的that33.去掉knowledge后的anguage后加teacher35. 去掉dealing前面的the(9)The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure (26) who does the changing. One possibility is that children are responsible. A professor oflinguistic at the University of Hawaii, (27) explores this in one of his recent books. Sometimes around 1880, a (28) language catastrophe occurred in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant (29) workers were brought to the islands to work for the new sugar industry.These people speaking different languages were unable to communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first spoke in Pidgin English -- the sort of thing such mixed language (30)populations have always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more likea set of verbal signals used to name objects and (31) without the grammatical rulesneeded for expressing thought and ideas. And then, within a single generation, the wholemass of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian Creole. The (32) new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed form all the (33) original tongues, but beared little or no resemblance to the (34) predecessors in the rules used for stringingthe words together. Although generally regarded as primitive language, Hawaiian Creole (35) had a highly sophisticated grammar.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26. sure前加for27.linguistic改为linguistics.28. sometimes改为sometime.29.emigrant改为immigrant30.去spoke后的in31.and改为but.32. people改为peoples.33. 去speech后的was.34. beared改为bore.35. as前加a(10)Whenever you see the old film, even on made as early (26) as ten years before, you can’t help being strucked (27) by the appearance of the woman taking part. Their hair- styles and make-up look dated; their shirts look either too long nor too short; theirgeneral appearance (28) is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part, on theother hand, are clearly recognizable. There is something about their appearance to suggest they belong (29) to an entirely different age. This illusion is created bychanged fashions. Over the years, the great (30) majority of men has successfullyresisted all attempts (31) to make them to change their style of dress. The (32) same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-call top designers in Paris and London lay down (33) on the law and women the whole world over run to (34) obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. Sometimes they decide arbitrarily thatskirts will be short and waists will be height; hips (35) are in and buttons are out.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26. the改为an27.strucked改为struck28. nor改为or29. something改为nothing30.changed改为changing31. has改为have32. 去掉to33. so-call改为so-called34. 去掉on35. height改为high(11)When Zhou liang answered the doorbell recently, he was rather astonished to see what he had purchased on the Internet only two days before sitting on his doorstep. "I never expected to get my books so quickly," he told Business (26) weekly. Li Qiang, an employee of a Beijing-based electronics company shared Zhous experience. He said online shopping was very good and always offered comparatively lower prices than ordinary retailer (27) stores. Along with Chinas rapidly developing IT industry, online shoppingis attracting the interest of more and more people. Wang Juntao, general manager of the Electronic Business Department of Beijing-based Federal Software Co Ltd, said online shopping had tremendous market potential giving Chinas large (28) population. In mid- March, Wangs company established an online shopping center for Internet surfers. More than 14,000 kinds of goods are available on the Federal website, including computers, software, books and daily necessity. (29). Its online service cover 13 cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. "We have achieved great success in the three months since we launched the service," he said. Figures from the company show that by mid-June, the sales volume of the website reached more than 2 million Yuan (US 240,000). Daily visitors to the site surged from 10,000 in March to 30,000 in June. With theincrease in the number of Chinas Internet users, that figure is likely to multiple,"Wang said. (30) Industry experts say that because of the lack of appropriate payment tools, online shopping is still at a primitive stage. The Federal site is reportedly thefirst Chinese website that combines online shopping with online payment. Sources fromthe company say that customers can use credit cards from several banks including Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. "The application of online payment marks up a milestone for (31) the development of the online industry," Wand said. However, problems such as a limited pot of Internet users, (32) comparatively high charges on Internet surfing and traditional views (33) on shopping have hindered thedevelopment of online shopping. "There is still a long way to go for us to become a competent online shopping company both in and outside China," Wang said. He said the company planned to invest 200 million Yuan (US 24 million) on its shopping website by the end of 2000. (34). "We are going to seek cooperation with domestic and oversea companies to extend the variety of our online products," he said. (35).26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.26. never前加had27. retailer改为retail28. giving改为given29. necessity改为necessities30. multiple改为multiply31. 去掉up32. pot改为pool33. on改为for34.on改为in35. extend改为expand。

专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷133(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷133(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write tAbout 25 million auto accidents occur in the United States each year. Approximately 5 million people are injured in these accidents; some 50,000 are killed. Auto insurance of course cannot reduce the deaths, the injuries, or the damages, and it does offer【M1】______protection against the financial risks of auto ownership and operation. The principle decisions to be made by auto insurance buyers【M2】______ are what coverage to buy, what amounts of insurance to buy, and what agent and company to buy.【M3】______ Auto liability coverage is essential. No one should drive a carwithout protection against the potential high cost of lawsuits. In 【M4】______some U.S. states liability insurance is required by law. Because of 【M5】______the size of lawsuits cannot be predicted, there is no way to know inadvancement how much protection will be needed. In deciding【M6】______upon the amount, consumers should realize that the extra cost ofhigh limits is relatively small. Double the cost of the limits, for【M7】______example, does not double the cost of the protection. Agents should be asked the cost of several different limits for the buyer to choose among. Reasonably high amounts of liability protection should be a high priority objective. Medical payments coverage is less important than liabilityprotection. It is most important in the states with strong and【M8】______effective auto no-fault laws; there the mandatory PIP(Personal Injury Protection)provides sufficient coverage for medicalexpenses. Medical payments insurance is also necessary for people【M9】______who has adequate health insurance protection. The minimum【M10】______amount of medical payments insurance in the United States is $500 per person. If the protection is needed, higher amounts should be purchased.1．【M1】正确答案：and—but解析：语篇错误。

2023年专八考试改错练习题及答案

2023年专八考试改错练习题及答案更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!When a human infant is born into any munity in any part of the world it has two things in mon with any infant, pro- __1__vided neither of them have been damaged in any way either be- __2__fore or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, newborn children are pletely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__the newborn child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive.答案：1.and infant 参加other。

根据上下文，这里主要指的是与其他婴儿相比，不是与任何一个婴儿相比2.have 改成has。

Neither 后面跟单数形式。

3.pay attention改成draw/ attract/ call .这事一个用词不当的错误，应是引起别人注意的.意思。

4.get on their feet on 改成to。

Get to their feet 指站立。

5.in risk 或 in risk 改成at或danger。

2023专八考试改错练习附答案解析

2023专八考试改错练习附答案解析更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too,for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the King’s fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intensedesire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__ Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earth’s stock of whales is still being__7__depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man’s imagination and __10__ made the world a more exciting place.参考答案及解析:1. 将which改为that。

专八改错_(-)真题及答案(PDF)

2000年-2011年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析 By 兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案 2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling ofbeing isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8 a sort of private world which I could get my own back fbr my failure9in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.c. seriously 10 intended 一 writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 1, 在grow 后加叩，考固定短语 2, 改consience 为consciousness 考词语区别，consience 翻译为"良心，道徳心", consiousness 翻译为"意识” 3, 改 soon 为 sooner, sooner or later 是固定短语4, 在child 前加middle,考上下文理解。

专八改错习题

英语专业八级改错练习英语专业八级改错练习题(一)About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____ within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____ risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____ maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____ pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____ mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.英语专业八级改错练习题(二)“Home, sweet h ome” is a phrase that express an essentialattitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in thefamily house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____has great importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlersof American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____for one’s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____ portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _____4_____ support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____ of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in theUnited States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____ is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S. soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____ a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically inthe suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____way of life.英语专业八级改错练习题(三)We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say ____1_____that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people___2___with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to build them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3_____them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _____4_____computer, you don’t have fain test idea. _____5_____The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6_____creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between ____7____science and technology. Lots of people don’t differ bet ween the two. Science ____8____new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of is the production of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _____9_____Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology,it’s not necessarily harmful. No society has yet learned to forecast the ___10_____consequences of new technology, which can be enormous.英语专业八级改错练习题(四)What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists thi ...What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__ escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4__exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__The theory is that some stars explode when their density increasesto a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”—a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of __6___ its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7__size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8__ gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9__ And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10__英语专业八级改错练习题(五)The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when oneoccasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat fromone whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of Englan dwas designated “the King’s fish” because it automatically belongedto the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, andexploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__Even though some species are protected by the regulations ofthe International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whalehunting is regulated, but the earth’s stock of whales is still being __7__ depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind willbe blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man’s imagination and __10__made the world a more exciting place英语专业八级改错练习题(六)We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly anymoment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__ languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly dependon fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__ animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__ understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__ language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of languageis that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__ Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel thenecessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most peoplehave probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater thansome people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__ takes language as its object of investigation.英语专业八级改错练习题(七)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little asten years before, you can’t help being strucked by the __1__appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles andmake-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__There is nothing about their appearance to suggest thatthey belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year,a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down __7__on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__英语专业八级改错练习题(八)Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war periodwere more eager than ever to establishing families. They quickly __1__brought down the age at marriage for both men and women andbrought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more ___2___than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby __3__boom.” These young adults established a trend of ear ly marriageand relatively large families that went for more than two decades ___4___ and caused a major but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans marriedat a high rate and at a younger age than their European counterparts. __5__ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed __6__ families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a __7__ postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of __8__couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States __9__maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. __10__ Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.英语专业八级改错练习题(九)When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the __1__way they occupied the space around them—for example, when such a personwalks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never __2__bump into other people.However, a second person thought that this was more a question ofcivilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, __3__it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited __4__ to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American __5__ hasn’t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had __6__ known about American food, he might have behaved better. __7__Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, tohim, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that __8__ it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, __9__said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. __10__And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners.英语专业八级改错练习题(十)A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothingnew in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1__ going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2__ prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3__ seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4__ the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5__ dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6__in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7__ two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8__ from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9__country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10__ -ing out again to the suburbs.英语专业八级改错练习题(十一)Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, __1__ while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and suggests the essence __2__of the personality or character beneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact __3__the caricature is recognizable, and yet exaggerated.From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through __4__ the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in __5__ the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially,this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and __6__ magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his __7__ portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was __8__ close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon than to the __9__string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended __10__by amiable attacks.英语专业八级改错练习题(十二)Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid calledice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__ However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned thatwater consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, andthe solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__ This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist asgases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as asolid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__ liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothingvery permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid.Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only becausewater is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them __9__into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn theminto solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, whichis another reason why its three states have given three different names. __10__英语专业八级改错练习题(十三)Classic Intention MovementIn social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “thechair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, butnow the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. His urge __1__to go is held in cheek by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did __2__ not care of his guest’s feelings he would simply get up out of his chair __3__ and to announce his departure. This is what his body wants to do, __4__ therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him __5__ raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention __6__ Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. __7__ This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not __8__ hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second. He would lean, __9__ push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. Heholds his “readiness-to-rise” post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his __10__ body had frozen at the get-ready moment.（一）参考答案及解析:1 将had used 改为 used。

专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷97(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷97(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write tIn less than three decades “multiculturalism”hasbecome a word immediately recognizable by policy 【M1】______makers, social critics, academics and the general public in Western industrial countries. It emphasizes that acknowledging the existence of ethnic diversityand ensure the rights of individuals to retain their 【M2】______culture should go hand in hand with enjoying fullaccess to participate in constitutional principles and 【M3】______commonly shared values prevailed in the society. By 【M4】______acknowledging the rights of individuals and groups and ensuring their equitable access to society, advocates of multiculturalism also maintain that sucha policy benefits both individuals and the large society 【M5】______by reducing pressures for social conflict based on disadvantage and inequality. They also argue that multiculturalism is enrichment for the society as a whole. The adoption of multicultural policy models is 【M6】______initially inspired by a desire to address the issue ofhow to integrate immigrant ethnic minority. The 【M7】______experiences of those limited number of countries of Canada, Australia and Sweden which have explicitly espoused multiculturalism as a policy response to ethnic diversity have indicated that while the policy iscertainly uncontested it has, nevertheless, shown 【M8】______considerable durability. The application of any policy model will obviously be affected by the characteristicsof the society which it operates. The attraction of 【M9】______multiculturalism was its perceived ability to address policy issues associated with immigrant minoritygroups in a way that was consistent with special ideals 【M10】______of a country.1．【M1】正确答案：recognizable—recognized解析：词汇错误。

专八模拟改错10套——答案版

Passage 1Ancient man attempted to change the weather by usingmagic．While experience taught him this was impossible, __1__he tried to forecast weather conditions．Even earlier in __2__1000 B．C．there were weather seers in Babylon----andpriests clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3__the weather a year in the advance．Some forecasters used __4__methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5__factors controlled the weather．Chickens and other animals __6__were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signsindicating rain and drought．Somewhat more scientific were __7__predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mildweather coming in．Onion's skin thick and tough, comingweather is cold and rough．" Insects and animals were also __8__favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9__lamp，then the air is always damp ．" "If spiders their cobwebsforsake，the weather will for certain break ．" "If frogs remainedin pools，the weather will be fine ．If they were seen on rocks, __10__rain and cold were due．" It's difficult to say whether this rhymeshould be taken seriously : " Hark，I hear the asses bray ．Me thinkswe'll have some rain today ．"答案及解析：1．While—When或After本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic．when/after 引导时间状语2．in—thanearlier是early的比较级，其后应有than3．those之后加whowho引导定语从句4．删除advance前的thein advance为习语5．take—havehave connection with 为习语6．controlled—controlling或在controlled前加that/whichcontrolling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors 7．and—orrain和draught只能是二者之一8．删除is与上文平衡，均为省略句9．before—when/if条件句10．will—wouldif 引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时Planning is a very important activity in our lives. Itcan givepleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quitesevere headaches. __1__The most significant the task ahead, the more carefulthe planning __2__required. Getting to school or to work on time is a taskrequiring few __3__or no planning, it is almost routine. A month’s touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If thematter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4__and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make __5__sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure successand of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6__to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7__of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8__and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9__household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply ofessentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10__and over-expenditure.参考答案及解析:1 将and 改为oror表示“或者”，因为前后是两种截然不同的可能性，所以应该用or。

专八改错习题及答案解析精编版

英语专业八级改错模拟题

英语专业八级改错模拟题(1)Proof –reading (10%) (A)The following passage contains TEN error, each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it according to the following example:When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, [1] anit never buys things in finished form and hang them on the wall [2] neverwhen a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. [3] exhibitPoverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are powerfulpolitical pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistributing wealth and income in the United States will inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if you are relatively poor, and as __2__power is mainly in the hands of the rich, public policies reflect their interests than __3__those of the poor. As Mr. Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the point of view of the non-poor. Poverty ensures that dirty work gets doing__4__.If there were no poor poeple to scrub floors and empty bedpans,there jobs will have to be __5__ rewarded with high incomes before anyonewould touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such aspolice officers, welfare workers, and government bureaucrats.Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cookers __6__,gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores when their employers enjoy __7__more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for more inferior goods __8__and service, such as dayphysicians and lawyers. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system, in which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change. __10__转贴于：TEM考试_考试大英语专业八级改错模拟题(2)Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern women tend to have the opposite effect, so they simply __1__ change the nature of work instead of eliminting it. Machines have a certain novelty value, as toys for adults __2__.It is certainly less tired to put clothes in a washing machine__3__,but the time saved does not really amount too much__4__:the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out, stains removed by hand, water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberal to __5__ pack it all off to a laundary and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Nevertheless, if you really want to save time you do not make __6__cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the woman in the women's magazine to the goods advertised __7__by those periodicals, one realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially.A careful balance has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it upwith a complex recipe on the next page__8__;on any account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job__9__,but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasize __10__ the creative aspect of her funtion as a housewife.英语专业八级改错模拟题(3)Before 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless the woman's healthwas threatened. In March of 1970, Jane Roe, a single woman, institutedthis federal action against the District Attorney of the country.The original idea was that women who truly did not want a babyshould not have to have it __1__.Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted__2__,forced pregnancy, like any force bodily invasion, is anathema to Americanvalues and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everydaypart of American life, a different side to it has emerged out__3__.Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child,the reasons being given now were becoming very different__4__.Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from __5__boyfriends'/husbands' unwilling to be fathers, out of fear of the financial pressure,out of the panic from losing their jobs, out of panic from having to quit the school, __6__or becoming homeless, or out of fear of their parents kickingthem out into the street. Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses __7__from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort and do socompletely of her own free will__8__.These women have no regrets, no remorse, but are happy they had this choice availble. __9__But a growing number of women are speaking up abouthow abortion effected them adversely. __10__英语专业八级改错模拟题(4)You send your children off to school and put them in the teacher's hands.Did you ever wonder what goes through a teacher's mind as he or she tries to teach your kids?Did you ever wonder how the teacher expects from you, __1__the parent? Parents can be supportive or suspicious. Then can be help to __2__the teacher , or be in need of help themselves. Some teachers think parentsare too hard with their children. __3__Here is how one teacher puts: __4__"I usually have the problem of parents coming in and telling me how they really treat the kids. They tell me they stand by them when they do their homework. __5__They check their work and get a big fuss over grades. __6_They criticize the kids over everything having to do with the school. __7__My response usually is’ Well, you know, he is really a good kid. He's fine in my class.Maybe you should not be so that strict with him.’" __8__Teachers want parents to know they are professional at working with children. They have observed many children and parents .Because of this, and because of their specialised training, teachers can be realistic to children. __9__Teachers know that parents want their children to do well and to behave well.The teachers want this, either. __10__But they know what children should be able to do at different ages and stages.They expect 8-year-old work and behavior from 8-year-olds and 12-year-old work and behavior from 12-year-olds.英语专业八级改错模拟题(5)People's attitude toward drugs varies from person to person. Some regard it as__1__ miraculous; others think of them as dangerous. Then what is the sensible attitude toward drugs?I think the first thing to think __2__is the difference between drugs and wonder drugs. The antibiotics can really treat certain __3__ bacterial diseases. On the other hand, the major diseases threatening Americans today are cancer, stroke, high blood pressure, coronary disease, etc. Against them, the doctor's bag of tricks is limited. He has wonder __4__ drugs.So the first important lesson is not to expect too many from drugs. __5__If you can accept the fact that the war against many of our most devastating diseases is,at best, a holding operation more than an inevitable triumph, __6__they will do a great deal to ease your own life as well as that of your doctor. __7__Too many patients exert great pressure on doctors to describe for every symptom, __8__even when such treatment is unwarranted or dangerous. Unfortunately, the medical profession is guilty of taking part, to a certain extent, in the wrongful action. The patient who demands a short of penicillin for every sniffle and sneeze may be given an injection __9__by a reluctant physician because he is certain that if he does not ,the patient will not search until he finds a doctor who will. __10__ 英语专业八级改错模拟题(6)the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as ifthey were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingWheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers couldthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debtswere coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich.On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control,but the government had no wish to become involving, atAnxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federalboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the governmentappointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority tobuy, sell, and set prices.英语专业八级改错模拟题(7)Middle age has its compensations. Youth is bound hand andfoot with the shackles of public opinion. Middle age enjoys freedom.I remember that when i left the school I said to myself: __1__"Hence forward. I can get up when I like and go to bed when ilike." That of course was an exaggeration, and I soon found thatwhenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to achieve it. But by the time you have reached middle age you discovered how __2__ much freedom it was worth to sacrifice in order to achieve any aim that __3__ you have on view. When I was a boy I was tortured by shyness, __4__and middle age has to a great extent brought me a relief of this. I __5__have now no such feeling and I save myself much discomfort. I alwayshated cold water, but for many years I bath in cold seas because __6__I wanted to be like everybody. __7__It was until quite late in life that i discovered how easy it was __8__to say:” I don't know." i find with middle age no one expects me towalk twenty-five miles, or to play a scratch game of golf, or to divefrom a height of thirty feet. This is all to the good and makes lifepleasant, but I should no longer care if they do. That is what makes __9__ youth unhappy, the vehement anxiety to be like other people, andthat is what makes middle age intolerable, the reconciliation with __10__ oneself.。

专八的改错练习题（附答案）

专八的改错练习题（附答案）改错是专八的基本题型之一，改错是大家从小就开始接触的，但是这不意味着每个人都能拿到理想的分数。

下面店铺为大家送上两篇专八的改错练习题。

专八的改错练习题一More than 2,000 years ago, the philosopher socrateswandered around athens asking questions, anapproach to find truth that thinkers venerated eversince.(1)____(2)____ in modem times, the socraticmethod was adapted for use in universities andbecame the dominant form of instruction forstudents learning philosophy and the law. the mostrecently national survey on the subject found that 97% of law-school professors use thesocratic method in first-year classes.(3)____ socratic dialogues seem to work for the ancientgreeks.(4)____ are they efficient for people today?(5)____ recently, a group of researchersdecided to find out.In a study published in the december 2011 issue of the journal mind, brain, and education, fourcognitive scientists from argentina describe what happened when they asked contemporaryhigh school and college students a series of questions identified to those posed by socrates.(6)____ in one of his most famous lessons, socrates showed a young slave boy with a square,then led him through a series of 50 questions intended to teach the boy how to draw thesecond square with an area twice as large as the first.(7)____ students in the 2011 experiment,led by researcher andrea goldin, gave answers astonishing similar to those offered by socrates'pupils, even making the same mistakes he made.(8)____(9)____ " our results show that thesocratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition ofhuman knowledge and reasoning whichpersist more than twenty-four centuries after its conception," the researchers write.(10)____their findings, goldin and his co-authors add, demonstrate the existence of "human cognitiveuniversalstraversing time and cultures. "答案详解1.find→finding词汇错误。

专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷136(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷136(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write tPositive for Youth aims to place teenagers and young peopleat its heart. There is the accurate expectation teenagers themselves【M1】______have the responsibility to improve their local communities. The government pioneered the idea that young people are capable ofaccessing the quality of their local services. Another 【M2】______government-funding scheme created by the NCB, this time with【M3】______the British Youth Council and disabled children’s charity KIDS, isYoung Inspectors, which train some of the most disadvantaged【M4】______young people from poorer communities to inspect and report onlocal services. The Young Inspectors scheme, so far, helped change【M5】______the lives of more than 1,400 young people and improved more than 600 local services. It is the illegal requirement across public services to listen to【M6】______ the views of service users. There is a business case for commercial suppliers to listen to consumers. Teenagers use many public services such as police stations, clinics, clubs and libraries; andalso spend as many as ￡12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19【M7】______via the commercial sector. They want to see services improved, not just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too.Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes a business【M8】______sense, and is a means of developing young people’s self-esteem, their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other skillsthat are critical to employers. At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth’s holisticapproach to give young people more opportunities and better【M9】______support, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies【M10】______take shape.1．【M1】正确答案：∧teenagers—that解析：语法错误。

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模拟1You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You __1are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next __2to your starts moving forward. __3For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurched backward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpret what must be happening – that your train __4might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now __5normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. __6Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt __7ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven __8million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to __9blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determ ine its “color” and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on __10average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.模拟2The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4upon the person who did the offense. __5But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for __6protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10state assumes responsibility for their protection.模拟3There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10模拟4Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions－such as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4North American bison—have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day – a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries __6lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest __7and grasslands disappear.In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.模拟5Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.模拟6Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweighted people __1than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. __2These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more __5about a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced dietwithout a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases.We should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. __8Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9get(or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be purely vainglory. __10模拟7To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women’s character and concerns.(In contrast by men whose __1essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that __2the way women are taught to be involved in beauty encourages __3narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity. Everybody knows __4that. For it is “everybody”, a whole society, which has identified __5being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these __6stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the __7obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, __8eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so on – each by turn is submitted __9to an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. __10模拟8The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the King’s fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earth's stock of whales is still being __7depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9awe-inspiring creature that always fed man's imagination and made the world a more exciting place__10模拟9Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning __2required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few __3or no planning, it is almost routine. A month’s touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make __5sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10and over-expenditure.模拟10Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior.Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised __1hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, __2enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. __3To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million __4year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success __5in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their __6bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group __7attackers.Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative __8period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence,so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, __9controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms,awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer __10essential for survival.模拟11A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6in millions.The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10-ing out again to the suburbs.模拟12What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question, as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”—a star which matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of __6its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10。

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