从历史、习俗、人文等全方位介绍新西兰的毛利人(英文版)Maori People in New Zealand

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新西兰历史的毛利人文化

新西兰历史的毛利人文化

新西兰历史的毛利人文化新西兰历史上,毛利人是第一批在这片土地上居住的原住民。

他们的文化和传统深深影响了整个国家的历史和社会发展。

本文将探讨新西兰毛利人的历史背景、文化特点以及其对现代新西兰社会的影响。

一、毛利人的历史背景新西兰原本无人居住,直到大约一千年前,毛利人从太平洋岛屿迁徙至此。

他们是波利尼西亚人的后裔,傲游太平洋的航海技术使他们能够穿越广阔的海洋,定居在这片新大陆上。

毛利人在新西兰建立起自己的部落,形成了独特的文化。

二、毛利人的文化特点1. 语言:毛利人以毛利语为母语,这是新西兰的官方语言之一。

毛利语是一种波利尼西亚语族语言,具有丰富的词汇和表达方式。

当地学校还开设毛利语授课,以传承毛利人的语言文化。

2. 民族舞蹈:毛利人民族舞蹈是其文化的重要组成部分。

毛利人通过舞蹈来表达对土地、自然和祖先的敬意。

这些舞蹈以独特的姿势和动作鲜明地展示出毛利文化的美丽与力量。

3. 美术手工艺:毛利人以其独特的美术创作而闻名。

毛利艺术作品包括雕刻、纺织品和珠宝等。

这些作品通常以传统的毛利符号和图案装饰,反映了毛利人的宗教、精神和历史。

4. 部落社会:毛利人早期生活在分散的部落社会中。

每个部落由首领领导,有自己独特的传统和社会组织。

毛利人通过口头传统和神话故事来记载历史和传统,加强部落社会的认同感。

三、毛利人文化对现代新西兰的影响1. 文化多样性:毛利人文化是新西兰多元文化的重要组成部分。

新西兰政府非常重视毛利人的文化保护和传承,积极支持毛利人发展自己的艺术、语言和传统习俗。

这使得新西兰成为了一个拥有多元文化的国家。

2. 社会和谐:毛利人文化强调人与自然的和谐相处,这对现代社会产生了积极的影响。

新西兰人普遍重视环境保护和可持续发展,这和毛利人传统的土地保护和尊重观念有关。

3. 教育:毛利文化在新西兰的教育体系中占有重要地位。

学校设置毛利文化课程,向学生传授毛利语言、历史和文化知识,帮助他们更好地理解和尊重毛利人的文化贡献。

新西兰毛利人文化 英文(PPT文档)

新西兰毛利人文化 英文(PPT文档)
marois(毛利人)
———New Zealand(新西兰) native(土著)
Culture of New Zealand:Maori
1,The Maori are the native people living in the New Zealand and comprise about 14 percent of t he country's population.
Haka dance
• The haka ,which was originall y used as a WAR CRY(作战 时的呐喊) and as a preparat ion before battle,is character ized by heavy stomping(跺脚) , loud chanting(喊叫), and aggressive body movements.
patriarch(族长)
The Maori of rank did not acquire his 'real' face until he had been tattooed. Indeed, personal tattoo patterns were often remembered rather than facial characteristics.
2,The Maori first arrived here in voyaging canoes from their ancestral homeland of Hawaiki(哈
瓦基) over 1000 years ago.
let we know them
1,Skin: A little brown 2,their body is brawny 3,there are all kinds of tattoo(刺青) on their bodies or faces 4,when they dance,the man is naked only with a grass skirt (草 裙),but the woman often wear a black and white coat between red hue(色彩) with a diamond(菱形的) picture on the front

毛利人介绍 英文版

毛利人介绍 英文版
| INFO@ | +12 34 567 890 | LONG STREET 12345, CITY, COUNTRY
Company name
Company slogan here
2.Haka
1,The dance of haka is the most famous. 2,Haka is a kind of vigorous(energetic) posture dance which symbolizes the vitality of Maori manhood.
Company name
Company slogan here
3.Hongi: touching nose etiquette
The traditional Maori welcome is called a powhiri this involves a hongi which is a warm greeting that involves pressing noses as opposed to a kiss.
Company name
Company slogan here
4
They are called "Son of the earth"(唐加塔环努瓦),and their history, language and tradition are the center of New Zealand's unique personality. 1,Skin: A little brown 2,their body is brawny(very strong) 3,there are all kinds of tattoos on their bodies or faces 4,when they dance,the man is naked only with a grass skirt , but the woman often wear a black and white coat between red hue(color) with a diamond picture on the front

Maori--New Zealnd(新西兰的毛利人介绍)共16页文档

Maori--New Zealnd(新西兰的毛利人介绍)共16页文档
video
Maori Woodcarving: Woodcarving is a traditional art form of the Maori people. In the early days, the Maori didn’t have their own language, so they use oral tradition and woodcarving to record their history, thus they developed their unique woodcarving. Maori houses and communal buildings often decorate with beautiful woodcarvings.
Maori people in New Zealand is the famous man-eater in the world, but they haven’t eat human oHaka dance
• The haka ,which was originally used as a WAR CRY and as a preparation before battle, is characterized by heavy stomping(跺脚), loud chanting(喊叫), and aggressive body movements. The haka is the most widely known performance which is used by the All Blacks (New Zealand's national rugby team) to challenge their rivals.
Maori tattoo

介绍新西兰的英语作文

介绍新西兰的英语作文

介绍新西兰的英语作文英文回答:New Zealand is a beautiful country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is known for its stunning natural landscapes, friendly people, and unique Maori culture. I have had the opportunity to visit New Zealand and it left a lasting impression on me.One of the things that I love about New Zealand is its diverse natural beauty. From the snow-capped mountains of the Southern Alps to the pristine beaches of the Bay of Islands, there is something for everyone to enjoy. During my visit, I hiked the famous Tongariro Alpine Crossing and was amazed by the breathtaking views of volcanic craters and emerald lakes. The natural beauty of New Zealand is truly unparalleled.Another aspect of New Zealand that I found fascinating is its rich Maori culture. I had the chance to visit atraditional Maori village and was warmly welcomed with a traditional haka performance. The Maori people areincredibly proud of their heritage and it was inspiring to learn about their traditions and customs.In addition to its natural beauty and vibrant culture, New Zealand is also home to some of the friendliest peopleI have ever met. Whether I was exploring the bustlingstreets of Auckland or relaxing in a small coastal town, I was always greeted with warm smiles and genuine hospitality. The Kiwi people are known for their laid-back attitude and willingness to help others, which made my visit even more enjoyable.Overall, my experience in New Zealand was nothing short of amazing. The combination of stunning natural landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and friendly locals made it a truly unforgettable destination.中文回答:新西兰是一个位于太平洋西南部的美丽国家。

新西兰的历史和文化

新西兰的历史和文化

新西兰的历史和文化新西兰是一个海外的岛国,位于南太平洋上,距离澳大利亚两千多公里,除了天然风景美丽迷人之外,这里还有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化,以下是我对新西兰历史和文化的一些了解和分享。

一、新西兰的历史新西兰的历史可以追溯到大约一千多年前,也就是在毛利人(Maori)来到新西兰之前。

毛利人是从东南亚或者太平洋岛屿来到新西兰,并在这里定居下来,在接下来的一千多年里,毛利人在这里创造出了自己的独特文化和传统。

到了18世纪,欧洲的探险家开始来到新西兰,并将这片土地命名为“新荷兰”,但很快被改为“新西兰”。

后来英国开始在这里设立殖民地,直到20世纪宣布独立。

二、毛利文化毛利文化是新西兰文化的重要组成部分,可以追溯到新西兰最早的历史时期。

毛利人的文化是非常独特的,有着自己的语言、服饰、艺术、传统和战争文化等。

毛利语是一种波利尼西亚语系的语言,是新西兰的官方语言之一,它和英语一样在学校中得到普及,并成为了新西兰文化和奥克兰市的文化的重要组成部分。

毛利人的服饰也是非常有特色的,毛利人有着自己独特的服饰和饰品,其中最有名的就是毛利女人的“卡伦”(Kahu huruhuru),是由毛利人自然生长的鸟羽毛制成的,十分华美。

毛利艺术中以毛利传统纹样为代表,这种纹样在艺术、文化和手工艺品制作中均有应用,非常具有观赏性和装饰性。

毛利人的传统也非常丰富,其中最具有代表性的就是毛利舞蹈(Haka),这是一种激情澎湃、节奏感极强的舞蹈,是毛利人在战争或者庆祝活动时表现出来的。

三、英国文化除了毛利文化之外,新西兰也受到了英国文化的影响。

英国习俗在新西兰得到了很好的延续,比如说圣诞节、复活节等传统节日都在新西兰得以庆祝,而英国足球、板球和橄榄球这些运动也被广泛地领会和接受。

英语作为新西兰的官方语言,广泛应用于学校、工作场所和商业领域。

四、现代文化随着时代的转变,新西兰的文化也在不断地创新和变化。

现代文化对新西兰的文化产生了很大的影响,其中最显著的就是影视和音乐。

新西兰的介绍英文作文

新西兰的介绍英文作文

新西兰的介绍英文作文英文:New Zealand is a beautiful country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of two main islands, the North Island and the South Island, as well as many smaller islands. The country has a population of around 5 million people, and the official languages are English, Maori, and New Zealand Sign Language.One of the things that makes New Zealand unique is its stunning natural beauty. From snow-capped mountains to sandy beaches, there is something for everyone here. Some of the most popular tourist attractions include Milford Sound, the Franz Josef Glacier, and the Tongariro Alpine Crossing.Another thing that sets New Zealand apart is its friendly and welcoming people. Kiwis, as New Zealanders are affectionately known, are known for their laid-backattitude and hospitality. They are always willing to lend a helping hand and make visitors feel at home.In terms of culture, New Zealand is a melting pot of different influences. The Maori people have a rich and vibrant history that is celebrated throughout the country, and there are also many other cultures represented, including European, Pacific Islander, and Asian.Overall, New Zealand is a wonderful place to visit or call home. It offers a unique blend of natural beauty, friendly people, and diverse culture that is hard to find anywhere else in the world.中文:新西兰是一个位于太平洋西南部的美丽国家。

新西兰英文介绍(地理历史城市及毛利文化 附带英文演讲稿)

新西兰英文介绍(地理历史城市及毛利文化 附带英文演讲稿)

The Tattoo Tradition(纹身习俗)
The tattoo of the Maori people is not only a kind of decoration, but also a sign of social status.
• Maori Haka Dance: Theatrical performances are a celebrated part of the Maori culture in New Zealand today. Here a Maori storyteller dressed in a traditional costume performs the haka
In 1769, James Cook claimed New Zealand for England.
The Treaty of Waitangi
On Feb 6th, 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed by Maori people and British settlers.
First : Second :
Third :
New Zealand, It has two main islands: North Island and South Island
capital :Wellington
the most important city :Auckland
The new Zealand
dance.
New Zealand Houses: The red and white house shown here is probably owned by a Maori family.

介绍新西兰的故事英文作文

介绍新西兰的故事英文作文

介绍新西兰的故事英文作文英文:New Zealand is a beautiful country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is known for its stunning landscapes, friendly people, and unique culture. I have had the privilege of living in New Zealand for several years, and I have come to love this country and its people.One of the things that makes New Zealand special is its Maori culture. The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and their culture is deeply ingrained in the country's history and identity. Maori culture is characterized by its art, music, dance, and language. One of the most famous Maori traditions is the haka, a traditional war dance that is often performed at sporting events and other important occasions.Another thing that makes New Zealand unique is its natural beauty. The country is home to some of the mostbeautiful landscapes in the world, including snow-capped mountains, pristine beaches, and lush rainforests. One of my favorite places in New Zealand is Milford Sound, a fjord located in the southwestern part of the country. The scenery there is absolutely breathtaking.New Zealand is also known for its friendly people. Kiwis, as New Zealanders are often called, are known for their laid-back attitude and welcoming nature. They are always willing to lend a helping hand and are quick to make friends with visitors from around the world.In addition to its natural beauty and friendly people, New Zealand is also a great place to live and work. The country has a high standard of living and offers a wide range of job opportunities in various industries. Whether you are interested in technology, agriculture, or tourism, there is something for everyone in New Zealand.Overall, New Zealand is a wonderful country that isfull of surprises and delights. Its unique culture, stunning landscapes, and friendly people make it a greatplace to visit or call home.中文:新西兰是一个位于太平洋西南部的美丽国家。

如何介绍新西兰的英语作文

如何介绍新西兰的英语作文

如何介绍新西兰的英语作文## New Zealand: A Tapestry of Languages and Cultures ##。

New Zealand, an archipelago nestled in the vast expanse of the South Pacific Ocean, is a melting pot of culturesand languages. The country's linguistic landscape is a fascinating mosaic, reflecting its rich history and diverse population.English, the official language of New Zealand, plays a dominant role in everyday life, used in government, education, and business. However, the indigenous Maori language, Te Reo Maori, holds a special place in thenation's cultural fabric.English in New Zealand。

English was introduced to New Zealand by British colonizers in the 19th century. Over time, it evolved intoa distinct dialect known as New Zealand English (NZE). NZEis characterized by its unique pronunciation, intonation, and vocabulary.Pronunciation: NZE speakers tend to pronounce vowels more clearly and with a slightly nasal tone. For example, the word "fish" is pronounced as "feesh."Intonation: NZE has a more sing-song intonation than Standard English. This is particularly noticeable in questions, which often have a rising intonation at the end.Vocabulary: NZE has adopted many Maori words and phrases, such as "kia ora" (hello) and "hangi" (atraditional Maori feast). Additionally, NZE has developed its own unique terms to describe aspects of New Zealand culture and society, such as "jandal" (flip-flop) and "bach" (holiday home).Te Reo Maori。

Maori--New_Zealnd(新西兰的毛利人介绍)

Maori--New_Zealnd(新西兰的毛利人介绍)

Haka dance
Haka dance
• The haka ,which was originally used as a WAR CRY and as a preparation before battle, is characterized by heavy stomping(跺脚), loud chanting(喊叫), and aggressive body movements. The haka is the most widely known performance which is used by the All Blacks (New Zealand's national rugby team) to challenge their rivals.
In the past, Maori women only allowed to tattoo their lips and chin.
Recently, something superficially similar has made an appearance among women, but it is no more than a variant of the current international tattoo and body-piercing
New Zealand
Culture of New Zealand:Maori
• The Maori are the native people living in the New Zealand and comprise about 14 percent of the country's population (they are the second largest population group of New Zealand ).They have their own typical Maori culture, which is an unique and important part of New Zealand culture. Today I will introduce their culture from three aspects: the tattoo, the Haka dance, the Woodcarving, and little about their house.

新西兰风土介绍英文作文

新西兰风土介绍英文作文

新西兰风土介绍英文作文英文:New Zealand is a beautiful country with diverse landscapes and unique culture. From the snow-capped mountains to the sandy beaches, there is something for everyone to enjoy.One of the most iconic features of New Zealand is its stunning natural scenery. The country is home to numerous national parks, including Fiordland, Abel Tasman, and Tongariro, all of which offer breathtaking views of mountains, lakes, and forests. The Milford Sound, a fjord located in Fiordland National Park, is particularly famous for its majestic beauty.Apart from its natural wonders, New Zealand also boasts a rich Maori culture. The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand and their culture is deeply rooted in the country's history. Visitors can experience the Maoriculture through various activities, such as visiting a marae (a Maori meeting house), watching a haka performance (a traditional Maori dance), or trying a hangi (a Maori feast cooked in an earth oven).Another aspect of New Zealand that sets it apart from other countries is its laid-back lifestyle. Kiwis (New Zealanders) are known for their friendly and relaxed demeanor, and this is reflected in the country's overall atmosphere. People here are not in a rush and take the time to enjoy life's simple pleasures, such as spending time with family and friends, going on a hike, or enjoying a good cup of coffee.中文:新西兰是一个美丽的国家,拥有多样化的风景和独特的文化。

新西兰毛利人新年宗教庆典与传统文化

新西兰毛利人新年宗教庆典与传统文化

新西兰毛利人新年宗教庆典与传统文化新西兰毛利人是新西兰的原住民,他们有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统。

每年,他们都会举行新年宗教庆典,庆祝新的开始和丰收的季节。

这些庆典不仅展示了毛利人的精神信仰,也是他们保护和传承传统文化的重要方式。

新西兰毛利人的新年宗教庆典是他们最重要的节日之一。

这个庆典通常在每年的3月举行,被称为“哈康加”。

在这个庆典中,毛利人会聚集在一起,进行祈祷和感谢神灵的仪式。

他们相信神灵可以给予他们力量和祝福,以应对未来的挑战和保护他们的部落。

庆典期间,毛利人会穿上传统的服装,包括翠绿色的毛利袍和特殊的头饰。

他们会进行舞蹈表演,展示他们优雅的动作和丰富的表情。

这些舞蹈具有浓厚的宗教意义,代表着毛利人对大自然的敬畏和对神灵的敬意。

此外,新年庆典还包括丰盛的美食和传统游戏。

毛利人会准备各种各样的美食,如野生动物肉和传统的土豆饼。

他们将食物视为神灵的赐予,因此在享用美食之前,他们会进行祈祷和感恩的仪式。

而传统游戏则是毛利人之间互动和娱乐的一种方式,帮助他们加强彼此的联系和团结。

毛利人的新年宗教庆典不仅展示了他们对神灵的崇拜和对传统文化的重视,同时也是他们社交交流和团结的重要场合。

庆典期间,毛利人会互相分享故事和经验,传递智慧和知识。

这不仅有助于加强他们的文化认同感,也有助于年轻一代了解和尊重传统文化的重要性。

然而,随着现代社会的发展和文化的多样化,毛利人新年宗教庆典也面临一些挑战。

一方面,年轻一代对宗教庆典的参与度下降,他们更多地接触到现代的娱乐活动和外部文化。

另一方面,现代化和城市化的影响导致一些传统习俗逐渐消失。

为了保护和传承传统文化,毛利人采取了一系列的措施。

他们通过在学校教育中加入毛利文化的内容,鼓励年轻人参与传统庆典和活动。

同时,毛利人还利用互联网和社交媒体等现代技术工具来宣传和分享自己的文化。

这些努力有助于提高年轻一代对新年宗教庆典和传统文化的兴趣和认同。

总之,新西兰毛利人的新年宗教庆典是他们传统文化的重要组成部分。

新西兰毛利人神秘的文化

新西兰毛利人神秘的文化

新西兰毛利人神秘的文化现在有很多人想去新西兰留学,而新西兰的毛利人是一个神秘的民族,今天就和店铺一起来了解一下新西兰毛利人神秘的文化吧!毛利文化的起源和风俗可追溯到其祖先移民来新西兰之前的谜样年代。

毛利人是阿奥提亚罗亚(Aotearoa,即新西兰)的“大地原居民”(tangata whenua),其文化是新西兰生活模式的一个组成部份。

传统上,毛利人都是工艺精湛的艺术家,向以编织及雕刻驰誉世界。

他们也是出色的猎人、渔夫、园艺家和战士,到了18世纪末,欧洲人才陆续来到新西兰,最初是捕捉鲸和海豹的人,接着便是传教士和移民。

家族(Whanau)家族观念是毛利社会结构的中心思想,是指家族本身及其繁衍的大家庭,也是组成一个部落分支(hapū)的成份,而一个部落分支正是组成一个部族(iwi)的成份。

即使今时今日,相比非毛利人来说,毛利人较喜欢以大家庭形式生活在一起,显示了传统生活模式的持续重要性。

然而,随着都市化的影响,毛利人口之中也出现了不少小型的核心家庭。

现时大约有20%的毛利人以大家庭形式住在同一屋檐下,半数都是三代同堂的。

毛利文化的其它重要元素音乐和舞蹈是毛利文化中不可或缺的部份,他们十分喜爱歌曲(waiata)和传统舞蹈(kapa haka)。

而且,毛利文化是透过音乐、歌曲、雕刻品、编织技术、其它手工艺、说故事及宗族谱(whakapapa)代代相传的。

毛利艺术的力量和美妙也体现于建筑雕刻之上,例如有雕刻的会堂(whakairo);也有些体现于各种“宝物”(taonga):包括木、骨和绿玉石(pounamu)。

雕刻和编织工艺当然是与传统生活模式息息相关,也是基于实际需要,因为,毛利族并没有文字,他们的历史和宗族谱便靠会堂或房屋(marae)上的雕刻(whakairo)记录下来。

例如,在有雕刻的会堂(whare whakairo)前面的雕刻已记载着这房屋的历史,其顶端的雕像乃代表其祖先。

毛利人的衣料、绳子及斗篷,多用亚麻及其它天然纤维来编织。

2024版年度新西兰毛利人文化

2024版年度新西兰毛利人文化
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祭祀活动与仪式
毛利人的祭祀仪式非常隆重,包 括歌舞、祈祷、献祭等环节,旨 在表达对神灵的敬意和祈求保佑。
在祭祀活动中,毛利人会准备各 种物品作为祭品,如食物、珠宝、 武器等,以示对神灵的虔诚和敬 意。
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祭祀场所 祭祀仪式 祭祀人员 祭祀物品
毛利人会选择特定的场所进行祭 祀活动,如神山、圣湖等,这些 地方被认为是神灵居住的地方。
12
神话传说内容及意义
01
02
03
创世神话
毛利人有着丰富的创世神 话,描述了世界和人类的 起源,传达了对自然和宇 宙的敬畏之情。
2024/2/3
英雄传说
毛利人的英雄传说讲述了 勇敢、智慧和牺牲的故事, 激励人们追求崇高的道德 和精神境界。
部落传说
不同部落间流传着各自的 神话传说,反映了毛利人 社会的多样性和文化特色。
毛利人宗教信仰与神话传说
Chapter
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宗教信仰概述
自然神崇拜
毛利人信仰多神教,崇拜自然神 灵,如山神、水神、森林之神等。
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祖先崇拜
毛利人非常重视祖先崇拜,认为祖 先是守护神,能够保佑家族平安和 繁荣。
神秘力量信仰
毛利人相信存在着超自然力量,这 些力量能够影响人类的生活和命运。
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融入策略与措施
为了促进毛利人的社会融入,新西兰政府和社会各界采取了一系列措施,如加强毛利人社区 建设、提高毛利人的教育水平和就业机会、增进毛利人与其他族裔的交流与理解等。
26
THANKS
感谢观看
2024/2/3
27
富有活力的氛围。
2024/2/3
17

最新Maori--NewZealnd新西兰的毛利人介绍

最新Maori--NewZealnd新西兰的毛利人介绍

In early Maori society , the Maori wore very simple and similarly, so it’s hard to identity their status. They regard head as the most important part of their body, the tattoo on the face is a symbol of dignity. In one word tattooing was a sign of status, far from simply decorating the face.
Maori--NewZealnd新西兰的 毛利人介绍
Maori tattoo
Most of the Maori have tattoos on cheeks, chin, nose and forehead as well as buttocks and thighs. But do you know why??
video
Maori Woodcarving: Woodcarving is a traditional art form of the Maori people. In the early days, the Maori didn’t have their own language, so they use oral tradition and woodcarving to record their history, thus they developed their unique woodcarving. Maori houses and communal buildings often decorate with beautiful woodcarvings.
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whanau
(extended family)
Family (unclearly defined) Family (unclearly defined)
whanau
(extended family)
Family (unclearly defined) Famaori People in New Zealand
Revision and lead-in
The Geographical Outline of New Zealand Treaty of Waitangi The Culture of NZ What do you know about the history of the Maori people in New Zealand society? Do you know any traditional Maori customs? Do you know any Maori artists? What made them famous worldwide?
Para 1
• 3. In some cases the tribe was named from such an ancestor; e.g., Ngati Tuwharetoa of the Taupo region claimed descent from Tuwharetoa; and Ngati Maniapoto of Waikato from Maniapoto, each about 15 generations from the present day. • 4. At the time that Europeans first began to visit New Zealand, each tribe probably comprised on the average a population of at least several thousands.
Para 1
• Politheism (多神论),while believing in one god (Io). The reason why they converted to Christinity easily since 20th century. • Pa (fortified village) built on the top of the mountain for better defense. • Class distinction: people are distinguished by costumes and tatoos • Aristocrats are equipped with fine weapons and dazzling grooming. • The captives were kept as slaves, doing menial labors. • The craftsmen were regarded highly in the tribe and wellsupported.
Para 1 iwi (tribe) hapu (clan or sub-tribe)
whanau
(extended family)
hapu (clan or sub-tribe)
whanau
(extended family)
Family (unclearly defined) Family (unclearly defined)
Para 1
Maoritanga means Maoriculture Traditional Maori culture is expressed in song, dance, oratory, woodcarving, weaving, and architecture. In the 1980s they initiated a revival of their language and other traditions. By that time many Maori had assimilated into the predominant European culture. The majority of Maori had become urban dwellers, and most younger Maori did not know the Maori language. Today Maori culture thrives in both traditional and reinvented traditions.
Family (unclearly defined)
Family (unclearly defined)
Para 1
tribe
1. the largest social unit within traditional Maori society. 2.The Maori tribe (iwi) was essentially a large territorially-based social unit, the members of which claimed descent from at least one common ancestor many generations ago.
Para 1
hapu
(1)This was a unit with strong local ties and very definite territorial boundaries and membership was demarcated(划界限,区分) by a combination of descent and residence. More precisely, the hapu may be described as a localised descent group. (2)A person, in theory at least, could trace membership through either father or mother. When these belonged to separate hapu, he might claim to be a member of both and exercise rights, including land rights.
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