初中英语 中考复习：三大从句(含答案)

）
三大从句
精讲点拨
宾语从句
1）．概念：用一个完整的句子做宾语,叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句可作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾
语。

宾
语
引
导
词
打酱油派（无意义无成分
that
可省略）
if/whether 纠结派（yes or no ）
个性派（看具体情况选
He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.
Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag.
I don’t know where I can buy the books.
特殊疑问词
从
句
语序
陈述语序
用）
“引导词 +主语 +谓语 +其
I want to know what you were doing at that time.
时态
它”
主过从过，主现从任 I believe that he will come to help us.
He knew that he was wrong.
2）．易错点：
1.引导词 if 不能与 or not 连用；whether 可以。

如：I don’t know whether I can pass the exam or not .
2. could 开头的一般疑问句代表委婉请求，不代表过去式。

如：Could you tell me how I can go to the bus station?
3. 从句为客观真理时，时态不受主句影响。

（注意三单哦！
如：The teacher told us yesterday that the earth g oes round the sun.
4. 当从句为 What’s the matter ？或 What’s wrong 时，从句的语序不用改变。

★拓展：宾语从句的简化
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语在主句中出现过时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

如：
I don't know what I should do.
Can you tell me how I get to the hospital?→
→
I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
★两种易混淆的结构
how to deal with it how to do it
what to do with what to do
定语从句
1）．定语从句的概念
【概念】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。

The man（who lives next to us）is a policeman.
先行词关系代词定语从句
先行词关系代词
被修饰的名词或代词
放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

关系代词有：who;which;that;who;whom 2）．详解引导定语从句的关系代词
关系词
关系代who
whom
whose
先行词
人
人
人、物
在从句中充当的成分
主语、宾语
宾语
定语
举例
I know the girl who is crying.
I met the boy with whom you talked.
The lady whose husband works abroad is
aunt.
词
that which 人、物
物
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
I like the pen that you gave to me.
The film which was shown last night w
great success
3）．补充特殊情况
只能用which，不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从中。

例如：
The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。

例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
只能用that的情况,不能用which或who的情况：
1.先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时
2.先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much修饰时
3.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时
只能用that的情况
4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
5先行词有人又有物时
6.当主语是以who或which开头的特殊问句时4）．关系副词的句法功能：
I'll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我永远忘不了我来北京的那一天。

（时间状语）
This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那个房子。

（地点状语）
Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?
（原因状语）
时间地点原因时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
when/介词+which
where/介词+which
why/for+which
5）．判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days t hat I spent together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

6）．比较下列句子：
1.This is the place which/that/不填we visited yesterday.
This is the place where he was born.
=This is the place which/that/不填he was born in.
=This is the place in which he was born.
2.I will remember the days which/that/不填we spent together.
I will remember the day when I joined the Party.
=I will remember the day which/that/不填I joined the Party on.
=I will remember the day on which I joined the Party.
3.This is the reason why/for which he didn’t come
This is the reason which/that/不填he gave us.
状语从句
1）．概念：
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。

从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句。

初中要求掌握的有以下六种：
状语从句类型时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句
引导词
when;while;before;
after;since;until;
as soon as
because;since;
if;unless;as long as
例句
1.As soon as I get to Beijing,I will call you.
2.We were having dinner when someone knocked on
the door
He failed the exam because he didn’t prepare for it.
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,I will go shopping.
2.You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.
” “
so that; in order that;(从句
目的状语从句 中一般含有 can ，may 等情 He worked hard so that he could support his family.
态动词)
结果状语从句
让步状语从句
so ….. that; such….. that
although; though; even if;
even though;
1. He was so tired that he fell asleep very soon.
2. She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
Although it was dark, the workers kept on working.
2）．易错点：
1. 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时，即是： 主将从
现”。

常见连词：as soon as; when; until ;if ; unless
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。

2. 让步状语从句中，although ；though ；even though ；even if 不能与 but 连用；原因状语从句中，because
不能与 so 连用。

3. 结果状语从句中，so….. that 中 so 后接形容词或副词；such…..that 中 such 后接名词或名词短语；但
当名词前出现“many ，much ，little ，few ”“多多少少”时，只能用 so 。

4. 时间状语从句中，while 后的从句只能用延续性动词，when 后的从句可以用短暂性动词也可以用延续
性动词。

三、即学即练
1. ---Have you found the information about famous people _______ you can use for the report?
---Not yet. I will search some on the Internet. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 2. ---Where was your brother at this time last night?
---He was writing an e -mail _______ I was watching TV at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 3. Do you know if _______ back next week? If he _______ back, please let me know.
A. he comes, will come
B. will he come, comes
C. he will come, comes
D. will he come, will come 4. The teacher told the students the earth _______ round.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
5. He rushed into the fire to save the child _______ it was dangerous for him to do so.
A. unless
B. because
C. though
D. so 6. Is this the novel _______ the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C.which you talked with
D.you talked about
7.Can you find the pen_______I wrote just now?
A.that
B.by which
C.the one
D.with which
8.Can you lend me the dictionary_______yesterday?
A.that you bought
B.you bought it
C.that you bought it
D.which you bought it
9.Tim will call me as soon as he_______my package.
A.receive
B.will receive
C.received
D.receives
10.He was_______tired_______he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.
A.too;to
B.so;that
C.such;that
D.enough;that
11. ---I’m afraid the meeting has begun.
---Don’t worry.It_______until the bell_______.
A.doesn’t begin/rings
B.won’t begin/will ring
C.won’t begin/rings
D.doesn’t begin/will ring
12.Many students didn’t realize the importance of study_______they left school.
A.when
B.until
C.as
D.after
13.You have to leave now_______you can catch the early bus.
A.so that
B.as soon as
C.because
D.if
14.The school_______I teach English is far from my home.
A.why
B.in where
C.that
D.where
15.She will sing a song_______she is asked.
A.if
B.unless
C.for
D.since
16.Read it aloud_______the class can hear you.
A.so that
B.if
C.when
D.although
17.Do you know_______?
A.what wrong your mother is with
B.what was your mother wrong with
C.what is wrong with your mother
D.what your mother is wrong with
18.为了听早间新闻，怀特先生经常很早起床。

Mr.White often gets up very early______________he can listen to the morning news.
19.我们还没决定好在哪里买房。

We haven’t decided_____________________our house yet.
20.刚刚和你说话的那个女士是我的英语老师。

The lady_____________________________just now is my English teacher.
四、单项选择：
1.I can’t remember________I put the book,and I need it for my homework now.（2011）
A.where
B.how
C.what
D.why
（
2. The story ________ I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. (2011)
A. whose
B. who
C. that
D. where
3. ________ they are very tired, they feel happy because they’ve finally finished their project.(2011)
A. So
B. Although
C. If
D. But
4．---It’s surprising that he got such a high mark!（2012）
---Yes. I wonder ________it ．
A ．how did he do
B ．how he did
C ．why did he do
D ．that he did
5．Whenever he was late ，he could find plenty of excuses ________ sounded reasonable ．2012）
A ．who
B ．where
C ．when
D ．which
6．He has to earn lots of money ________ he can buy his children nice food and clothes （2012)
A ．so that
B ．such that
C ．that
D ．in order
7. Could you say it again? I can’t u nderstand ________ you are talking about.（2013）
A. how
B. when
C. what
D. which
完成句子：
1. 我想知道为什么你今天上学又迟到了。

I want to know ________ ________ ________ late for school again today. （2011）
2．我不明白他们为何对这位美国歌星如此疯狂。

2012）
I can’t understand________ ________ ________so crazy about this American singing star ．
3. 你知道在哪里买这种邮票吗？
Do you know________ ________ ________ this kind of stamp? （2013）
4. 踢完足球后，他太兴奋了睡不着。

(2013)
After the football game, he was ________ excited ________ sleep.
五．解题技巧：
1）写作技巧：
本讲我们一起探讨中考书面表达的解题技巧。

书面表达主要考察考生综合运用英语的能力，同时考察考生是否掌握过所学过的语法知识、时态、句
型和结构等知识。

近几年的中考书面表达的题材多为与中学生学习、日常生活和实际交往相关的题材。

对于基础不同的学生，弄清楚书面表达的评分标准非常有必要，看看自己处于哪个档，以确立努力方向。

档次分数要求
完全符合题目要求，观点正确,要点齐全。

句式多样，词汇丰富。

语言准确，语第一档15-13分
意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。

基本符合题目要求，观点正确,要点齐全。

语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。

第二档12-9分语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚。

虽然有少量语言错误，但不影响
整体理解。

部分内容符合题目要求，要点不齐全。

语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，第三档8-5分
表达不够清楚，影响整体理解。

第四档4-0分与题目有关内容不多，只是简单拼凑词语，所写内容难以理解。

考生在做书面表达时不妨按照以下步骤。

第一步：认真审题，明确要求。

1.确定题材。

通过观察分析，确定文章的主题，然后围绕主题进行写作，已满足中考”切中题意”的要求。

2.确定格式。

要弄清楚所写的是书信、日记、便条还是普通的记叙文，然后确定相应的格式。

3.第一步：确定人称、时态及人物关系。

第二步：依据要点，草拟提纲。

第三步：扩展成句，连句成篇。

第四步：仔细检查，认真修改。

查时可从词法、句法和语篇入手。

如检查名词单复数、代词的主（宾）格、动词时态及主谓一致等。

标点符号和字数控制也同样不可忽视。

好煮人 ？
✧ 学习做菜
第五步：认真书写，讲究规范。

规范美观的字体会给阅卷者留下好的印象。

从而得到“印象分”
书面表达 （共 1 小题，满分 15 分）
新学期开始，你就读的国际学校的学生社团又开始招募了。

假设你是社团负责人，请根据以下内容和
提示要求写一篇英语短文，为新同学介绍下列社团的情况（包括名称、活动内容及其目的）
酷动者
(Cool Players)
智读者
(Smart Readers)
✧ 读好书
✧ 每天运动一小时
(Excellent Cooks)
✧ 设计健康菜单
✧ 写读书笔记
Clubs are calling
The new term is coming. For all our new students, I would like to introduce some of our clubs …
（请你补充）
过健康生活
注意：1. 词数 80 左右（文章开头已给出，不计入词数）：
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。

否则不予评分。

Step 1 审题：
该篇文章给出了三个社团特点的中文要点，并且要求根据这些社团的特点自己适当发挥完成最后一个
社团的命名和特点描述。

时态可以确定为一般现在时，人称因为是为社团招募新成员所以应为第二人称。

Step 2 确立关键词
运动
do sports
每天运动一小时 观看比赛
强健身体
do sports one hour a day/ do sports for an hour every day
watch sports games/matches
strength your body/ make your strong
”.
读好书
read good/great books
写读书笔记 增长知识 设计健康菜单 学习做菜
过健康生活
keep a reading diary/take notes while reading
increase one’s knowledge
design healthy diet menus
learn how to cook delicious dishes
live a healthy life
Step 3 连词成句
... and / but / because / so / so that / if / unless / when / not only ... but also .../both ... and ... / first of all ...
Step 4 仔细检查，认真修改
Step 5 认真书写，讲究规范
试试吧！
Clubs are calling
The new term is coming. For all our new students, I wouldlike to introduce some of our clubs …
2）完形填空
Small moments sometimes last a very long time. And a few words —though they mean 36 at the time
to the people who say them—can have great power.
I recently heard a story from Malcolm Davis, who has been a professional 37 for the last twenty -four years,
mostly in advertising.
As a boy, Davis was terribly shy and 38 . He had few friends and no self -confidence. Then one day, his
high -school English teacher, Ruth White, asked the class to write their own chapter that would 39 the last
chapter of the novel since they had been reading “To Kill a Mockingbird
Davis wrote his chapter and turned it in.
Today he cannot recall anything special about the chapter he wrote, or what
40 Mrs. White gave him. 41 ,
what he does remember is the four words in the paper:“This is good writing.”Four words.They42his life.
“Until I read those words,I had no idea of who I was or what I was or what I was going to be,”he said,“After reading her43,I went home and wrote a short story,something I had always dreamed of doing but44 believed I could do.”
Over the rest of that year in school,he wrote many short stories and always brought them to Mrs.White for instruction.“She was45,helping and honest.She was just what I needed,”Davis said.
36. A.much B.little C.well D.ill
37. A.report B.designer C.writer D.teacher
38. A.weak B.independent C.troublesome D.helpless
39. A.follow B.change C.connect D.explain
40. A.help B.encouragement C.grade D.words
41. A.Therefore B.However C.Meanwhile D.Besides
42. A.improved B.developed C.changed D.enriched
43. A.chapter B.novel C.note D.explanation
44. A.always B.never C.often ually
45. A.encouraging B.careful C.strict D.effective
六：强化训练
一、语言知识及运用
第一节单项选择
16.__________old lady with white hair spoke__________English well at the meeting．
A．An；an B．The；／C．The；a D．The；the
17.The Browns__________dinner when I rang them.
A.are having
B.had
C.was having
D.were having
18. --- What do you think of the film Avatar?
--- Amazing.It is really worth__________.
A.seeing
B.to be seen
C.to see
D.see
19.Some people don’t know the value of their health__________they lose it.
A.after
B.until
C.when
D.as
20. --- Alice,could you help me__________the map of the world?We don’t need it.
--- With pleasure.
A.put in
B.put away
C.put up
D.put on
21.These pictures will show you__________.
A.what does our village look like
B.what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like
22. ---Do you like western food?
---No.The food of our country is__________that of western countries.
A.rather good than
B.much better than
C.more better than
D.not so good as
23. --- Look at that man over there.Is he the headmaster?
--- No,it__________be him.He has gone to Shanghai.
A.mustn’t
B.can’t
C.may not
24.She is new here,so we know__________about her.
A.nothing
B.something
C.anything
D.needn’t D.everything
25. ---I’m very sorry.I broke your tea cup.
---__________.
A.It doesn’t matter
B.You’d better not
C.Take it easy
D.It’s too bad
第二节语法选择
Once there was a king26told some of his people to dig a pond.The king then told his people that one person from each family27to bring a glass of milk during the night and put it into the pond.So,28the morning,the pond should be full of milk.
After29the order,everyone went home.As one man prepared his milk,he thought that since everyone was bringing milk,he would just hide a glass of water and put that into the pond instead.Since it was dark at night, no one would notice it,so he30went and put the water into the pond and returned home.
In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his31,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea32that man.They all thought,“I don’t have to waste my milk. Someone else will do it.”
Dear friends,when you plan to help33poor or people in trouble,don’t think that34will take care of it.Instead,it starts with you.35you don’t do it,no one else will,so change yourself and make a difference.
26.A.which B.who C.whom D.when
27.A.have B.has C.had D.having
28.A.on B.by C.at D.of
29.A.receiving B.received C.receives D.receive
30.A.quick B.quicker C.quickly D.more quickly
31.A.surprised B.surprising C.surprises D.surprise
32.A.as B.with C.to D.of
33.A.a B.an C.the D./
34.A.the other B.others C.another D.other
35.A.If B.Since C.Until D.Unless
二、完形填空
Some people have a very poor sense of direction.36,I am one of them.I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time.
When I was a little girl,I was very shy and37asked others the way.And so I used to38round in circle and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to.
Now,I am no longer too shy to ask people for39,but I often receive helpless or even wrong information. So I try to40giving people wrong directions.If anyone asks me the way somewhere,I would say,"Sorry,I am a 41here."
Once on my way to work I was42by a man.He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building.I gave him my43reply.But just as I walked on only a few steps.I realized that he had asked the way to my office building.However,I had no time to turn back and look for him.I was44to meet with someone at my office and I didn't want to be late.
When I just got to my office,the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions.Imagine how embarrassed I was and how45he was when we saw each other at the first sight!
36.A.Luckily B.Quickly C.Certainly D.Unluckily
37.A.never B.sometimes C.always D.ever
38.A.play B.run C.talk D.walk
rmation B.directions C.money D.roads
40.A.avoid B.enjoy C.keep D.practise
41.A.policeman B.manager C.guide D.stranger
42.A.caught B.knocked down C.stopped D.attacked
43.A.possible ual C.simple D.helpful
44.A.walking B.going C.rushing D.waiting
45.A.surprised B.pleased C.bored D.tired
三、阅读理解
Many years ago,I lived in a building in a large city.The building next door was only a few feet away from mine. There was a woman who lived there,whom I had never met,yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon.
After several months had gone by,I began to notice that her window was dirty.Everything was unclear through the dirty window.I would say to myself,"I wonder why that woman doesn't clean her window.It really looks terrible."
One morning I cleaned my room,including washing the window on the inside.
Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning,I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise!Across the way,the woman sitting by her window was clearly seen.Her window was clean!
Then it dawned on me.I had been criticizing(批评)her dirty window,but all the time I was watching hers
through my own dirty window.
That was quite an important lesson for me.Since then,whenever I want to judge someone,I ask myself first, "Am I looking at him through my own dirty window?"Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world about me more clearly.
46.It was clear that__________.
A.the writer had never met the woman before
B.the writer often washed the window
C.the writer helped the woman clean the window
D.they lived in a small town
47.The writer was surprised that__________after the writer finished cleaning his own window.
A．the woman was sitting by her window
B．the woman's window was clean
C．the woman did cleaning in the afternoon
D．the woman's window was still terrible
”
48.“It dawned on me probably means“__________”.
A．I began to understand it C．I knew it grew light
B．it surprised me D．it began to get dark
49.The writer couldn’t see everything clearly through the window because__________.
A.the woman’s window was dirty
B.his eyes were not good
C.the woman lived nearby
D.his window was dirty
50.From the passage,we can learn__________.
A．one shouldn't criticize others very often
B．one should often make his windows clean
C．one must judge himself before he judges others
D．one must look at others through his dirty window
四、单词拼写
51.Because of the big f__________,thousands of trees were burnt.
52.Don’t forget to s__________the windows when you leave.It seems to rain soon.
53.Listening to light music before going to bed will help you fall a__________.
54.The Spring Festivals is usually in the first or second m__________of the year.
55.Ben is w__________in English,so he takes classes in a tutorial centre at the weekend.
五、完成句子
56.刷牙时，我们应该关掉水龙头。

While brushing our teeth,we should____________________the tap.
57.这是多么美丽的城市啊！
________________________________________it is!
58.她花了13小时从悉尼飞回北京。

____________________her13hours to fly from Sydney to Beijing.
59.在广州，到处都可以看到鲜花。

Flowers______________________________everywhere in Guangzhou.
60.你知道他们什么时候去上海吗？
Do you know________________________________________to Shanghai?
六、书面表达
2020读书活动
时间：2020年3月10日上午8：00~11:30
地点：学校图书馆
参与人员：全校师生
要求：每位同学要求阅读一本英语读物，并写读后感（afterthought）。

你们学校正在举行英语艺术节，请你根据下面的海报，写一个通知，告诉你们班同学关于艺术节读书活动的情况。

注意：读书活动Reading Activity
1.字数80字左右（文章的开头以给出，不计入总字数）
2.不得透露学校，姓名等个人信息，否则不予给分。

Attention everybody:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(培优)参考答案
初中英语
第五讲三大从句
即学即练：
open your to .
1—5: ADCAC 6-10DDADB
11-15CBADA 16-17AC 18. so that 19. where to buy
20. who talked to you
随堂练习：
单选选择：1—5 ACBBD
6-7AC
语法选择：1—6：DABCB D
完成句子：
1. why you were
2. why they are
3. too; to
参考范文：
Clubs are calling
The new term is coming. For all our new students, I would like to introduce some of our clubs.
Cool Players is a good choice for sports lovers. Here you can do sports one hour a day to build up your body . Y ou can also watch sports mat ches here. If you are interested in books, go and join Smart Readers. Reading good books and writing a reader’s report are helpful mind. Do you want to live a healthy life? In Excellent
Cooks, you will learn how to design menus in healthy styles. If you want to design your own clothes, come to Fashion Designers. Y ou can learn a lot from professional teachers.
Y ou are sure to learn a lot here and why not join us at once?
完形填空：36 – 40 BCDAC
41 – 45 BCCBA
强化训练：
单项选择：16—20: BDABB
21-25BBBAA
完形填空：36—40: DADBA
41-45DCBCA
阅读理解：46—50: ABADC
单词拼写：51 fire
52 shut 53 asleep 54 month 55 weak
完成句子：56 turn off
57 What a beautiful city 58 It took 59 can be seen
60 when they will go 写作：
Attention everybody:
There is going to be an English Art Festival in our school. All the teachers and students are required to take part in the reading activity. The activity will be held in the library from 8 o’clock to half past eleven on March 10th To make the activity more successful, every student should read an English book and write an afterthought
about the book.During the activity,the students can recommend their books to others and share the afterthoughts as well.It will be great fun.
The activity will be divided into two parts.From8o’clock to half past nine,the students and the teachers and freely share their ideas and feelings about their favorite books and reading.And from10o’clock to half past eleven, there is going to be a reading contest.
Reading can help us to improve ourselves and become cleverer and cleverer.So everybody should be ready for the reading activity.。