江苏省常州市第三中学2021届高三历史上学期期中试题
2021年常州市第三中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析
2021年常州市第三中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BYou’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part ofVon Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all atonce.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.4. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.5. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.6. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesCThe Gata used to look annoyed when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, an area of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months, they haven’t paid a cent.ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions (住宅开发项目) in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low power appliances and solar panels.Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of traditional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and keeping indoor warmth winter.The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility's power grid(电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power that they get from the grid, minus the kilowatts(千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times," says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be extremelyexpensive. For the consumer, it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the power bill.8. Why is the Gata eager to see their electricity bills now?A. They want to cut down their utility' expenses.B. They want to know if they are able to pay.C. They want to see how much they have saved.D. They want to avoid being overcharged.9. What is special about the ZEH communities?A. They are built in harmony with the environment.B. They have created cutting edge technologies.C. They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.D. They aim to be independent in power supply.10. What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company?A. More pressure at peak timeB. Reduced operational costs.C. Increased electricity output.D. Less profits in the short term.11. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community __________.A. is a worthy investment in the long runB. is but a dream for average consumersC. gives the owner great tax benefitsD. contributes toenvironmental protectionDLight pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific review published in February,said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems".There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light waves line up afterreflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects areimportant prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is ly easy to prevent. Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.12. What is discussed in the passage?A. Causes of declining insect populations.B. Consequences of insect population collapses.C. Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.D. Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.13. What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?A. How light travels in space.B. How light helps insects find food.C. How the food chain is interrelated.D. How light pollution affects insects.14. What does the underlined word"analogues"in Paragraph 6probably mean?A. Selective things.B. Similar things.C. Variations.D. Limitations.15. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To offer solutions.B. To give examples.C. To make comparisons.D. To present arguments.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
江苏省徐州市第三中学2025届高三化学第一学期期中教学质量检测试题含解析
江苏省徐州市第三中学2025届高三化学第一学期期中教学质量检测试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项）1、相同温度下，容积相同的甲、乙两个恒容密闭容器中均发生如下反应：2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g) △H=-197 kJ/mol ，实验测得有关数据如下：容器编号起始时各物质的物质的量/ mol达到平衡时体系能量的变化/kJ SO2O2SO3甲 2 1 0 放出热量：Q1乙 1.8 0.9 0.2 放出热量：Q2下列判断中正确的是A．两容器中反应的平衡常数不相等B．达到平衡时SO2的体积分数：甲<乙C．197>Q1>Q2D．生成1molSO3(l)时放出的热量等于98.5kJ2、室温下，关于pH=3的盐酸和醋酸，下列说法正确的是A．等体积的两溶液，导电能力是盐酸强B．等体积的盐酸和醋酸溶液加水稀释10倍后，c(Cl- )<c(CH3COO-)C．将pH=3 的醋酸溶液稀释后，溶液中所有离子的浓度均降低D．中和等体积等浓度的NaOH 溶液，醋酸消耗的体积多3、食盐、蔗糖、醋酸、“84消毒液”、明矾等是居民日常生活中经常使用的物质，下列有关说法或表示正确的是A．食盐中阴离子的结构示意图为：B．蔗糖和醋酸都是弱电解质C．“84消毒液”中有效成分NaClO的电子式为：D．明矾溶液水解可制得Al(OH)3胶体，用于杀菌消毒4、某100mL溶液可能含有Na+、NH4+、Fe3+、CO32-、SO42-、Cl-中的若干种，取该溶液进行连续实验，实验过程如下：（所加试剂均过量，气体全部逸出）下列说法不正确的是A．原溶液一定存在CO32-和SO42-，一定不存在Fe3+B．若原溶液中不存在Na+，则c(Cl-)＜0.1mol·L-1C．原溶液中c(Cl-)≥0.1mol·L-1D．原溶液一定存在Cl-，可能存在Na+5、下列是某兴趣小组根据教材实验设计的一个能说明碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠热稳定性的套管实验。
2021年常州市第三中学高三英语期中试卷及参考答案
2021年常州市第三中学高三英语期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BOn the night of September 19, 1961, Betty Hill and her husband Barney were driving home through the White Mountains from Niagara Falls. They were travelling on anearly deserted two-lane highway when Betty noticed a steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter.She thought it was a planet or a star. Barney, stimulated at her excitement, said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. Whatever it was, it appeared to be following them.They stopped their car for a closer look. What they said happened next, changed their lives. The flying object was noiseless. It appeared to be spinning. It was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.So formed the tale of Betty Hill, a New Hampshire social worker who, with Barney, a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer space, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.After reluctantly going public with her experience, Hill, who died of cancer at her New Hampshire home, aged 85, became a celebrity on the UFO circuit and was known as the “first lady of UFOs”.Intriguingly, at the time of the incident, the Hills remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. Later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwenthypnosis(催眠) where the full story came out with the aid of Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.On their night of contact the Hills arrived homeat 5 a.m., unable to account for two lost hours. They were also confused by the odd marks on their telescopes, deep signs on the tops of Barney’s best shoes, Betty’s torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.After seeing them for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the Hills’ lost memory about the hours they lost on that night in 1961 “appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the Hills”. Whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, Simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they had not been lying. He guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream.Reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were “comparatively rare” before 1975. After a movie, “The UFO Incident”, about the Hills came out, however, such stories increased.4. When they saw the strange object in the sky, Barney and Betty Hill ______________.A. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseB. regarded it as just a wandering car following themC. realized immediately what the danger it might causeD. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was5. The word “Intriguingly” in paragraph 6 most probably means “______________”.A. RidiculouslyB. TemporarilyC. RemarkablyD. Mysteriously6. The Hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because ______________.A. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceB. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experienceC. they wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertD. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them7. This article was written in order to ______________.A. describe an unusual event to the readersB. convince readers of the existence of UFOsC. record how people were caught by aliensD. warn people of the dangers the UFOs causeCRecently, I read about a promotion from a home builder in San Diego where consumers (消费者) could buy a 4,000 square foot house for $1.6 million and get a smaller home bythe developer valued at $400 thousand for free. This sounds like a fantastic deal, but I am alwayswary ofany promotion labeled (给……加标签) with“buy one get one free”, and here is why.Oftentimes, “buy one get one free” ends up being “buy two at the regularprice”. For example, I often see “buy one get one free” ads for orange juice at the supermarket, but the first box always costs over $5.00. At the same time, the juices not in the promotion are selling for $2.50 to $2.99 a box.Another problem with “buy one get one free” is that oftentimes you do not need the second item. I only consume one gallon of milk every two weeks. If I were talked into buying a second gallon in a “buy one get one free” promotion, then the second gallon would go bad before I have time to consume it. That creates waste instead of savings.In the case of theSan Diegodeveloper, so far they have received one offer on their expensive houses, but thebuyer does not want the cheaper house for free. Instead, he wants the value of the smaller home taken away from his purchase price. I think this guy is quite wise because he saw right through the marketing of “buy one get one free”.Finally, it is up to you to see how much you need and how much you are willing to spend. Knowing the regular price of things also helps you in deciding whether a “buy one get one free” promotion is truly a great deal.8. What does the underlined part “wary of” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. annoyed atB. careful aboutC. familiar withD. puzzled about9. Why does the author mention milk in Paragraph 3?A. To show that there are many promotions of food.B.To suggest that people think twice before they shop.C. To prove that the second item isn’t always as good as the first one.D. To show that people often buy more than they need in the promotion.10. What does the house buyer want to do?A. Buy the smaller house only.B. Get the smaller house for free.C. Buy the larger house for $1.2 million.D. Buy both the larger and smaller houses for $2 million.11. How does the author organize the text?(P: Paragraph)A. B. C. D.DCraig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attemptedconstructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the carmade its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sick children and take them out with his son.12. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile?A. To realize his son’s dream.B. To donate it to sick children.C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.13. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first?A. Hopeful.B. Confused.C. Impossible.D. Unsure.14. How did Blackburn’s friend help him?A. By making an outer shell for him.B. By offering him financial support.C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.D. By telling him the background of the car factory.15. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile?A. It will be driven soon on the roads.B. It can be displayed around the world.C. It can change the lives of sick children.D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年苏州市第三中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年苏州市第三中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn't helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn't clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows' food.The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.Over the five months, the scientists didn't see any signs that the cows' stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn't need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there's notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means there's no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still, it's true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A. To control the amount of seaweed.B. To record the weight cows gained.C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2. The underlined word “adequate” means ________ .A. commonB. specialC. lackingD. enough3. The passage is written to ________ .A. appeal to people not to raise the cowsB. encourage people to plant the seaweedC. remind people of controlling cows' weightD. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollutionBImagine turning on the GPS and seeing an image of your car from above. As the car drives, the map follows along in real time, alarming you to any traffic, pedestrians,animals, or other things nearby. Routes and names of roads appear over the live stream. It's like the map has come to life.This type of map isn't available yet. But it could be soon. In 2014, the Worldview-3 satellites was launched into space. Even though it orbits Earth at more than 370 miles（600 km）away, it can capture images of objects on Earth that are just 10 inches（25cm）across.Peeringall the way from outer space, it can make out a smartphone held in your hand. It can tell what types of cars are traveling down a road. But it can't identify your face or read the cars' license plate numbers . . . at least not openly.According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even sharper images, with a resolution（分辨率）of up to around 4 inches（10cm）. ButUS law forbids making these super-sharp pictures public, to prevent enemies from using them. But the idea that anybody might be able to spy on the entire Earth in such detail may seem horrible. Live, high-detail satellite mapping could possibly be used to monitor anybody at any time. Ray Purdy of University College London told CNN that he is concerned about what this could mean for privacy. Most satellites are commercially owned, so if you have money you can buy that imagery. “It means anyone can spy on anyone,” he said.At the same time, live, detailed maps of Earth's surface could be useful in amazing ways. Live maps of a disaster area could quickly discover people in need of rescue as well as the safest routes in or out. Satellite images are already helping catch illegal logging and fishing operations. Higher detail may make it possible to catch othercriminals in the act. The images could also make it easier for farmers to watch over their crops.What do you think? Do you wish everyone could access high-detail live maps of Earth's surface?4. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?A. SeeingB. StandingC. WalkingD. Hearing5. Why does US law forbid making super-sharp pictures public?A. to protect the technology.B. for the sake of safety.C. to protect the environment.D. to threat other countries.6. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. This super-sharp map hasn't been put into market.B. Worldview-3 satellites orbits the Earth at 370 km away.C. Personal privacy is safely protected if you use the super-sharp map.D. The super-sharp map should be completely forbidden.7. How is this technology used in agriculture?A. It can help improve the production of crops.B. It can help kill pests.C. It can help farmer to watch over their crops from far away.D. It can help increase farm land.CThe annual 3-to-4-millimeter rise in sea levels is expected to impact many coastal communities in the coming decades. However, few are as defenceless as the Republic of theMaldives, a collection of more than a thousand picturesque islands in theIndian Ocean. NASA researchers believe that parts of what is “arguably the lowest-lying country in the world” will become uninhabitable by 2050, due to wave-driven flooding and limited freshwater. To fight the unavoidable, the government recently revealed plans for the world's first 'true' floating island city.The aptly-named Maldives Floating City (MFC) is the brainchild of Dutch Docklands, a global leader in floating infrastructure (基建). According to the March 13, 2021, announcement, the new city will be constructed on a 200-hectare lagoon (环礁湖) located just 10 minutes by boat from the Maldivian capital, Male. It will initially consist of a thousand waterfront residences, arranged in a series of honeycomb-like maze rows. The developers plan to add hotels, restaurants, shops, and even a school and a hospital in the near future. The floating structures. will be attached to the surrounding islands, which will form a base and provide protection from high tides.Maldive officials aim to make MFC as self-sufficient as possible. Freshwater storage will provide drinkingwater for residents, while floating solar blankets and agriculture fields will take care of their energy and food needs.“ThisMaldivesFloatingCitydoes not require any land rehabilitation, therefore has a minimal impact on the coral reefs,” explains Mohamed Nasheed, Speaker of Parliament. “What's more, giant, new reefs will be grown to act as water breakers. In theMaldives,we cannot stop the waves, but we can rise with them.”Construction of the revolutionary city is expected to begin in 2022 and be completed in phases over the next five years. If successful, it will provide a blueprint for other countries facing a similar situation.8. Why doesMaldivesdecide to build MFC?A. It is the lowest-lying country.B. It will be flooded soon.C. It is running out of fresh water.D. It will be unsuitable for living.9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The prospect of MFC.B. The developers of the plan.C. The location of the residences.D. The barriers to the construction.10. What can we infer from the underlined words?A. MFC will keep waves away.B. MFC will make use of waves.C. MFC will adjust to the waves.D. MFC will work as water breakers.11. What's the writing purpose of this passage?A. To introduce a construction program.B. To appeal to people to protect nature.C. To seek international help forMaldives.D. To report the achievement of a city plan,DHundreds of millions of people watched on television on July 20, 1969, when American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon. Back then, businesses sold many products connected to the event and many such products are now on sales again — in celebration of the moon landing’s 50th anniversary.A limited number of Omega’s gold Speedmaster watches — the same kind that Buzz Aldrin wore on the moon — will be sold at $34,600. Omega Speedmaster watches have been an important part of space travel since NASA chose them for its moon landing in 1965. Other watches had failed required tests. Omega gave its gold Speedmasters to the astronauts at a dinner in 1969 before the landing. Another less costly type of silver Speedmasters will be sold at $ 9,650. It carries a picture of Aldrin stepping down from the moon lander.Something for children-as well as adults — is the NASA Apollo 11 moon lander set. Made by Lego, it is a group of small pieces to put together to make a model of the moon lander.Other things for sale include the anti-gravity Fisher Space Pens,developed just for the Apollo 11 mission. They work even when writing upside down. Now Fisher Space Pen Company has a limited-edition pen for sale at anout-of this-worldprice: $700, with real material from the Apollo 11 spacecraft.Back in 1969, companies were quick to show their Apollo 11 connections with media and advertisements. The food company Stouffer’s made sure consumers knew it provided food for Apollo 11 astronauts once they returned to Earth. It started the ad campaign “Everybody who’s been to the moon is eating Stouffer’s”. Fifty years later, the company is celebrating with a media campaign to share some recipes from 1969.Marketing experts David Meerman Scott says, “Since 1972,we’ve gone around and around the earth many times, and it is not interesting to people any more. I’m not sure whether they can accept such crazy prices. Now NASA has had plans to go to Mars in the 2030s and marketing efforts for a NASA Mars mission should be in development.”12. What can we learn about the gold Speedmaster watch?A. It will be sold at $34,600.B. NASA bought itats9,650.C. It has Aldrin’s picture inside.D. It was chosen by NASA in 1969.13. What does the underlined word “out-of-this-world” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Extremely fair.B. Surprisingly high.C. Really low.D. Truly worthwhile.14. What does David Meerman Scott mean?A. It is a waste of money to go around and around the moon.B. People will be interested in the products connected to Apollo.C. Since 1972,governments have lost interest in moon explorations.D. The event of going to Mars will be another good chance to advertise.15. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to design the best advertisement.B. To forecast the sales of the products in the text.C. To introduce some of the products connected to Apollo 11.D. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first moon landing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届常州市第三中学高三语文期中考试试卷及答案解析
2021届常州市第三中学高三语文期中考试试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：五四新文化运动中，新诗代替了古诗，获得了新质，却也失去了很多东西。
撮其大概有：张扬了理性思维，减少了直觉思维，偏重于语法，轻忽了词法，强化了模仿，忽视了表现，等等。
此种得失的造成，与古汉语转换为现代汉语有直接关系。
因为新诗的出现，固然与古诗有血脉渊源，但主要是学习和借鉴西方现代诗。
这样，新诗与古诗就有了一定程度的断裂。
现代汉语与古代汉语，运用于诗歌写作，有着巨大的诗业差距。
（摘编自苗雨时《新诗向古诗学习什么》，2017年8月27日《扬子晚报》）材料二：2017年是中国新诗发展100年，“80后”著名诗人、作家李成恩于2017年7月应邀出访拉美。
她重点谈到了百年中国新诗所取得的成就，首先是诗歌的现代意识的觉醒，从人性的角度确立了诗的现代性，她认为诗是人类共同的精神追求。
通过世界不同国家、地域与民族的生活、诗歌语言与诗歌艺术的探索，世界诗歌呈现出不同的样貌。
中国当代诗人与拉美诗人有共同之处，都对日常生活较为关注，多写人在现代社会的独特体验。
李成恩说，中国现代诗与世界最好的诗歌处于同一个水准，中国现代诗建立了中国的传统，这是一个现代性的传统，从语言的开放到个体的想象，中国新诗历经百年，出现了一批可与世界对话的重量级诗人，并且正在反过来影响其他国家诗人的写作。
现在的问题是中国现代诗对外的翻译还要快步跟上，外国诗歌在中国的翻译总是快一步，我们庆幸能够很快读到世界上最好的诗歌，但我们最好的作品却要滞后被外国读者读到。
这；来拉美，她发现拉美对中国优秀诗人了解得并不多，所以这次来得恰逢其时。
（摘编自《李成恩在拉美谈中国百年新诗》，2017年8月29日凤凰网，有改动）材料三：2017年8月2日，第四届“北大培文杯”全国青少年创意写作大赛在北京颁奖，大赛顾问、著名诗人谢冕在接受中新网记者专访时谈到了创意写作，也谈到了诗歌目前存在的一些问题。
江苏省常州一中高三上学期期中质量检测历史试题(有答案)(精选)
常州市高三期中质量检测历史试卷一、选择题：本大题共40题，每题2分，共计80分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。
1.秦汉开始，县有等第之分，当时以该县户口多寡划分。
唐代开始，县的分等标准明确规定为地位、户口与地理条件的综合。
明代以缴纳钱粮的数额分等。
清代则将“冲繁疲难”作为政区分等的正式依据（交通频繁曰冲，行政业务多曰繁，税粮滞纳过多曰疲，风俗不纯、犯罪事件多曰难）。
从县的等第划分演变中，我们可以得出的主要结论是A．中央管理地方的程度逐渐加强B．国家政治体制发生了重大变革C．古代经济的发展水平不断提升D．划分依据从重经济转到重政治2.《通典·职官》载：“成帝改御史大夫为司空，与大司马、丞相是为三公，皆宰相也。
”汉成帝此举意在A．提升御史地位B．提高行政效率C．抑制丞相职权D．完善监督体制3. 2016年3月，考古专家确认江西南昌海昏侯墓主身份为“汉废帝”刘贺。
据史书记载，刘贺在当皇帝的27天里做了1127件荒唐事，从而留下了“荒淫迷惑，失帝王礼仪”的罪名。
但刘贺墓出土了编钟、琴瑟、大量的竹简和孔子圣贤像，诸多学者据此认为刘贺是知书达理、情趣高雅的人。
上述对刘贺的不同评价说明A.文献史料真伪难以辨别B.历史研究需要注意史料的互证C.历史人物评价难有定论D.历史记载要经过考古发现证实4. 战国时期，针对当时的社会动荡，某学派提出：“仁人之事者，必务求兴天下之利，除天下之害。
然当今之时，天下之害，孰为大？曰：若大国之攻小国也，大家之乱小家也；强之劫弱，众之暴寡，诈之谋愚，贵之敖贱，此天下之害也。
”该思想属于A．儒家B．墨家C．道家D．法家5. 南宋绍熙年间，四川眉州人程舍人，刻印了王称所著的《东都事略》，在目录页上印有“眉山程舍人宅刊行，已申上司不许覆板”的声明。
这说明当时A．活字印刷得到推广B．书商版权意识明显C．民间文化市场繁荣D．通俗文学作品普及6. 右图为藏于山东曲阜孔府的《孔子讲学图》，是明前期作品。
国家出路的探索与列强侵略的加剧 模拟题汇编-高三统编版(2019)必修中外历史纲要上复习
高三历史高考复习模拟题汇编——国家出路的探索与列强侵略的加剧一、单选题（本大题共28小题）1. （山东省青岛市2021-2022学年高三一模历史试题）1882年，李鸿章上疏朝廷说：“臣维古今国势，必先富而后强，尤必富在民生，而国本乃可益固。
”这表明李鸿章（）A．鼓励发展资本主义B．率先学习西方科技C．主张发展民用企业D．宣扬中体西用思想2. （湖北省巴东第三高级中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次月考历史试题）《太平刑律》规定：“凡吹洋烟者，斩首不留。
凡吃黄烟者，初犯责打一百，枷一个礼拜；再犯责打一千，枷三个礼拜；三犯斩首不留。
”据此可知，太平天国A．斗争矛头直指外来侵略者B．赞同林则徐的禁烟运动C．惩戒措施比晚清政府有效D．损害了列强的在华利益3. （山东省济南市章丘区第四中学2021-2022学年高三一模历史试题）1864年，清政府急欲恢复江南驻防旧制，欲添造兵房1万余间，公廨官署200余所，并要求两江总督李鸿章设法筹款。
后经几任两江总督拨款，直至1879年，累计建造官署、兵房5400间。
这说明A．地方与朝廷分庭抗礼B．农民运动摧垮江南经济C．清政府财政制度崩溃D．中央对地方的依赖加深4. （山东省济南市历城第二中学2021-2022学年高三一模历史试题）1894年《申报》报道∶"日本蔓尔岛国，矿产有限，库藏空虚，一有战事，则纸币不能流通，商贾为之远引，厘市萧条，盖藏告匮，其困乏可立而等也。
"而"今日之中国已非往日可比，各省设立局厂，岁费巨款制造兵船，日异而月新。
……大可与日本从事于疆场，且使战国者知中国大有人在，不敢存轻量之心，挽回大局在此一举。
"该报道表明A．中国近代化成效显著B．符合社会转型的需要C．营造维新变法的氛围D．对日本缺乏全面认知5. （山东省济南市历城第二中学2021-2022学年高三一模历史试题）某学习小组为研究中国近代重大事件，搜集到以下图片，据此可知A．地主阶级主动融入世界B．学习西方先进制度以图富强C．传统华夷观念彻底打破D．地主阶级被动学习挽救危机6. （黑龙江省哈尔滨市宾县第二中学2022届高三上学期期末历史试题）在1965年至1980年，苏联军费开支占其国民收入的比重高达19%一23%。
专题16 数列(解答题)(12月)(人教A版2019)(解析版)
专题16 数 列（解答题）1．已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，10n n a a +->，23a =，且1a ，3a ，712a +成等比数列．（1）求n a 和n S ； （2）设n b =，数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ，求证：112n T ≤<． 【试题来源】广东省湛江市2021届高三上学期高中毕业班调研测试题【答案】（1）21n a n =-，2n S n =；（2）证明见解析．【解析】（1）设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，首项为1a ， 由10n n a a +->，得0d >，则223173,(12),a a a a =⎧⎨=+⎩所以121113,(2)(126).a d a d a a d +=⎧⎨+=++⎩ 解得11a =，2d =，所以21n a n =- ，()21212n n n S n +-==．（2）因为111(1)1n b n n n n ===-++． 所以1111111111112233411n T n n n =-+-+-++-=-<++． 因为111nT n =-+单调递增．所以112n T T ≥=，综上，112T ≤<．【名师点睛】数列求和的方法：（1）倒序相加法：如果一个数列{a n }的前n 项中首末两端等距离的两项的和相等或等于同一个常数，那么求这个数列的前n 项和即可以用倒序相加法（2）错位相减法：如果一个数列的各项是由一个等差数列和一个等比数列的对应项之积构成的，那么这个数列的前n 项和即可以用错位相减法来求；（3）裂项相消法：把数列的通项拆成两项之差，在求和时，中间的一些像可相互抵消，从而求得其和；（4）分组转化法：一个数列的通项公式是由若干个等差数列或等比数列：或可求和的数列组成，则求和时可用分组转换法分别求和再相加减；（5）并项求和法：一个数列的前n 项和可以两两结合求解，则称之为并项求和，形如a n =(−1)n f(n)类型，可采用两项合并求解．2．n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，已知71a =，432S =-． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）求n S ，并求n S 的最小值．【试题来源】黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中考试（理）【答案】（1）213n a n =-；（2）212n n S n =-，6n =时，n S 的最小值为36-．【解析】（1）设{}n a 的公差为d ，由71a =，432S =-，即1161434322a d a d +=⎧⎪⎨⨯+=-⎪⎩，解得1112a d =-⎧⎨=⎩， 所以()11213n a a n d n =+-=-． （2）()221111122n n n S na d n n n n n -=+=-+-=-， ()2212636n S n n n =-=--，所以当6n =时，n S 的最小值为36-． 3．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，112a =，且10n n S a +-=（*n N ∈）． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）若()21log nn b n a =-+⋅，数列()*N 1n n b ⎧⎫⎬⎭∈⎨⎩的前n 项和为n S ，求证：112n S ≤<．【试题来源】四川省内江市第六中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第三次月考（文） 【答案】（1）12n na =；（2）证明见解析． 【解析】（1）因为10n n S a +-=①，所以()11102n n S a n --+-=≥②，①-②得112n n a a -=，2n ≥； 所以数列{}n a 是首项和公比都为12的等比数列，于是1111222n n n a -⎛⎫=⨯=⎪⎝⎭，*n N ∈．（2）由（1）得()()21log 1n n b n a n n =-+⋅=+，所以()111111n b n n n n ==-++， 所以12111111*********11n n S b b b n n n =+++=-+-++-=-++． 又易知函数()111f x x =-+在[)1,+∞上是增函数，且()1f x <，而112S =， 所以112n S ≤<． 【名师点睛】裂项相消法求数列和的常见类型： （1）等差型111111n n n n a a da a ++⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，其中{}n a 是公差为()0d d ≠的等差数列； （2=（3）指数型()11nn n a a a a +-=-；（4）对数型11log log log n aa n a n na a a a ++=-． 4．已知数列{}n a 前n 项和n S 满足()2*n S n n N =∈（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）求数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n T ．【试题来源】甘肃省张掖市第二中学2020-2021学年高二第一学期期中考试（文） 【答案】（1）21n a n =-；（2）n 21nT n =+． 【解析】（1）当1n =时，111a S ==，当2n ≥时，()22121n S n n n =-=-+，121n n n a S S n -=-=-， 当1n =时上式也符合．所以21n a n =-． （2）由题意知，可设111111(21)(21)22121n n n b a a n n n n +⎛⎫===- ⎪-+-+⎝⎭n 12111111(1)()()23352121n T b b b n n ⎡⎤=+++=-+-++-⎢⎥-+⎣⎦则n 11122121n T n n ⎛⎫=-= ⎪++⎝⎭． 5．从①前n 项和()2n S n p p R =+∈②611a =且122n n n a a a ++=+这两个条件中任选一个，填至横线上，并完成解答．在数列{}n a 中，11a =，________，其中n *∈N ． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）若1a ，n a ，m a 成等比数列，其中m ，n *∈N ，且1m n >>，求m 的最小值． （注：如果选择多个条件分别解答，那么按第一个解答计分）【试题来源】广东省深圳、汕头、潮州、揭阳名校2021届高三上学期联考 【答案】（1）答案见解析；（2）答案见解析．【解析】选择①：（1）当1n =时，由111S a ==，得0p =．当2n ≥时，由题意，得()211n S n -=-，所以()1212n n n a S S n n -=-=-≥．经检验，11a =符合上式，所以()*21n a n n =-∈N ．（2）由1a ，n a ，m a 成等比数列，得21nm a a a =， 由（1）得()*21n a n n =-∈N，即()()221121n m -=⨯-．化简，得2211221222m n n n ⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭． 因为m ，n 是大于1的正整数，且m n >，所以当2n =时，m 有最小值5． 选择②：（1）由122n n n a a a ++=+，得121 n n n n a a a a +++-=-， 所以数列{}n a 是等差数列．设数列{}n a 的公差为d ． 因为11a =，61511a a d =+=，所以2d =． 所以()()*1121n a a n d n n =+-=-∈N ．（2）因为1a ，n a ，m a 成等比数列，所以21nm a a a =，即()()221121n m -=⨯-． 化简，得2211221222m n n n ⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭．因为m ，n 是大于1的正整数，且m n >，所以当2n =时，m 有最小值5．【名师点睛】()()1112n n n S n a S S n -⎧=⎪=⎨-≥⎪⎩，检验11a =是否符合通项是解题的关键． 6．在数列{}n a 中，12a =，1541n n a a n +=-+，*n N ∈． （1）证明：数列{}n a n -是等比数列； （2）求{}n a 的前n 项和n S ．【试题来源】河南省焦作市2020-2021学年高二（上）期中（理） 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）()1(1)5142n n n +-+． 【解析】（1）1541n n a a n +=-+，*n N ∈，1(1)5()n n a n a n +∴-+=-．因为111a -=， ∴数列{}n a n -是首项为1，公比为5的等比数列，（2）由（1）可得15n n a n --=，15n n a n -∴=+，{}n a ∴的前n 项和211555(12)n n S n -=+++⋯⋯++++⋯⋯+()115(1)51(1)1(1)(51)15251242nnn n n n n n n ⨯-+-++=+=+=-+-- 7．n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，已知410a =-，864S =-． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）求n S ，并求n S 的最小值．【试题来源】黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中考试（文）【答案】（1）426n a n =-；（2）2224n S n n =-，6n =时，n S 的最小值为72-．【解析】（1）设{}n a 的公差为d ，由410a =-，864S =-得11310878642a d a d +=-⎧⎪⎨⨯+=-⎪⎩， 解得1224a d =-⎧⎨=⎩，所以{}n a 的通项公式为()2241426n a n n =-+-=-；（2）由（1）得()()1244822422n n n a a n n S n n +-===-， 又222242(6)72n S n n n -=--=，所以当6n =时，n S 取得最小值，最小值为72-．8．已知正项等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且满足22S a +是12a 和4a 的等差中项，12a =． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）令222log n n n b a a =+，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T ．【试题来源】天津市滨海新区大港一中2021届高三（上）第一次月考【答案】（1）2nn a =；（2）12443n n n +-++．【解析】（1）正项等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且满足22S a +是12a 和4a 的等差中项， 设公比为q ，则22142()2S a a a +=+，整理得12142(2)2a a a a +=+，由于12a =，即32(24)42q q +=+，即34q q =，因为0q >，所以解得2q ，所以2nn a =．（2）由于222log 24nn n b a a n =+=+，所以12324446424n n T n =++++++++12(2462)(444)n n =++++++++4(41)(1)41n n n -=++-12443n n n +-=++．9．已知数列{}n a 是公差不为零的等差数列，92a =-，且满足3a ，13a ，8a 成等比数列． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设12n n n n b a a a ++=，数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n S ，求使得n S 最小的n 的值． 【试题来源】河南省焦作市2020—2021学年高三年级第一次模拟考试（文） 【答案】（1）329n a n =-；（2）7【解析】（1）设数列{}n a 的公差为d ()0d ≠，因为92a =-，3a ，13a ，8a 成等比数列，所以21338a a a =，即()()()224262d d d -+=----，整理得230d d -=， 解得3d =或0d =（舍去）．故()99329n a a n d n =+-=-． （2）当19n ≤≤时，0n a <，当10n ≥时，0n a >，因为12n n n n b a a a ++=，当17n ≤≤时，0n b <，当10n ≥时，0n b >， 而且()()8891052110b a a a ==-⨯-⨯=，9910112148b a a a =-⨯⨯==-， 因此97S S >，所以使得n S 最小的n 为7．10．已知各项均为正数的等差数列{}n a 和等比数列{}n b 满足111a b ==，且236a a ⋅=，238b b a ⋅=（1）求数列{}n a ，{}n b 的通项公式． （2）若2221log n n n c a b +=⋅，求12n c c c +++…．【试题来源】黑龙江宾县第一中学2020-2021学年高三第一学期第二次月考（理） 【答案】（1）n a n =，12n n b -=；（2）()21nn +．【解析】（1）因为{}n a 为等差数列，且11a =，所以可设公差为d ， 则()11n a n d =+-，所以21a d =+，312a d =+． 因为236a a ⋅=，所以()()1126d d ++=，解得1d =或52d =-． 又等差数列{}n a 各项均为正数，所以52d =-不合题意，舍去，所以n a n =． 因为{}n b 为等比数列，且11b =，所以可设公比为(0)q q ≠，则1n n b q -=．因为2388b b a ⋅==，所以128q q ⋅=，解得2q，满足各项均为正数，所以12n n b -=．（2）由（1）知1,2n n n a n b -==，所以2221log n n n c a b +=⋅()121n n =+111=21n n ⎛⎫- ⎪+⎝⎭．所以12n c c c +++111111122231n n ⎛⎫=-+-++- ⎪+⎝⎭11121n ⎛⎫=⋅- ⎪+⎝⎭()21n n =+．11．在等比数列{}n a 中，已知11a =，48a =． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项n a ；（2）在等差数列{}n b 中，若15b a =，82b a =，求数列{}n b 前n 项和n S ． 【试题来源】甘肃省临夏州临夏中学2019-2020学年高二（上）第二次月考（文） 【答案】（1）12n na ；（2）217n S n n =-．【解析】（1）设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，由题设知3418a q a ==， 2q ∴=，因此12n na ；（2）由（1）可得415216b a ===，822b a ==，∴公差81281b b d -==--，2(1)16(2)172n n n S n n n -∴=+⨯-=-． 12．已知数列{}n a 满足12a =，()121n n n a a n++=．设nn a b n=． （1）求证：数列{}n b 是等比数列； （2）求数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ．【试题来源】黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中考试（文） 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）()1122n n S n +=-+．【解析】（1）由()121n n n a a n++=，可得121n n a an n+=⋅+，即12n n b b += 则数列{}n b 是以1121a b ==为首项，2为公比的等比数列； （2）由（1）可得，2nn n a b n ==，2n n a n ∴=⋅，23122232...2n n S n =⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯，则有()23412122232 (122)nn n S n n +=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯，两式作差得()231111212222 (22222212)n n n n n n nS n n n ++++--=++++-⨯=-⨯=--⨯-()1122n n S n +∴=-+．13．在数列{}n a 中，11a =，24a =，2134n n n a a a ++=-． （1）求证：数列{}1n n a a +-是等比数列；（2）若数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且22n S m m ≥-对任意正整数n 恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围．【试题来源】河南省商丘市虞城高级中学2020~2021学年高三11月质量检测（理）【答案】（1）证明见详解；（2）1⎡⎣．【解析】（1）由2134n n n a a a ++=-，得214133n n n a a a ++=-． 则()1112111141113333n n n n n n n n nn n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a a ++++++++----===---，所以数列{}1n n a a +-是以213a a -=为首项，13为公比的等比数列． （2）由（1）得11211333n n n n a a -+-⎛⎫-=⨯=⎪⎝⎭．当2n ≥时，()()()()12132431n n n a a a a a a a a a a -=+-+-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-01231111133333n -=+++++⋅⋅⋅+2111119134122313n n --⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭=+=-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭-．当1n =时，11a =适合11191223n n a -⎛⎫=-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭．所以11191223n n a -⎛⎫=-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭，所以1111927111273122432413nnn S n n ⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭=-⨯=⨯+-⎪⎝⎭-． 因为11191223n n a -⎛⎫=-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭是关于n 的递增数列，且110a =>，所以n S 也关于n 单调递增，从而n S 的最小值为11S =．因为22n S m m ≥-恒成立．所以212m m ≥-，解得11m ≤≤．即实数m的取值范围是1⎡+⎣．【名师点睛】根据数列不等式恒成立求参数时，一般通过分离参数，得到参数大于某个式子或小于某个式子恒成立的问题，再根据分离后的式子，由函数（或数列）的性质求出最值，即可求解参数范围．14．已知等差数列{}n a 满足323a a -=，2414a a +=． （1）求{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设n S 是公比为正数的等比数列{}n b 的前n 项和，若22b a =，46b a =，求7S ． 【试题来源】湖北省荆州市滩桥高级中学2019-2020学年高二下学期期末（文） 【答案】（1）32n a n =-；（2）254． 【解析】（1）设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，因为32243,14-=+=a a a a ．所以3d =，12414a d +=，解得11a =， 所以()1132n a a n d n =+-=-； （2）设等比数列{}n b 的公比为q ，则2124b b q a ===，341616b b q a ===，解得122b q =⎧⎨=⎩或122b q =-⎧⎨=-⎩， 因为公比为正数，所以122b q =⎧⎨=⎩，所以()7721225412S ⨯-==-． 15．已知数列{}n a 为正项等比数列，12a =，数列{}n b 满足25b =，且11122332(21)2n n n a b a b a b a b n ++++⋅⋅⋅+=+-．（1）求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式； （2）若11{}n n b b +的前n 项和n T ，求n T 的取值范围． 【试题来源】甘肃省永昌县第一中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第一次月考数学理试题【答案】（1）2nn a =，21n b n =+；（2）[11,)156． 【解析】（1）令1n =，则2112(21)26a b =+-=，所以13b =，令2n =，则112226a b a b +=，所以2220a b =，因为25b =，所以24a =， 设数列{}n a 的公比为q ，则212a q a ==，所以2n n a =． 因为11122332(21)2n n n a b a b a b a b n ++++⋅⋅⋅+=+-，①当2n ≥时，112233112(23)2nn n a b a b a b a b n --+++⋅⋅⋅+=+-，② 由①-②得1[2(21)2][2(23)2](21)2n n nn n a b n n n +=+--+-=+，所以21n b n =+，当1n =时也成立，所以21n b n =+，（2）由（1）可知111111()(21)(23)22123n n b b n n n n +==-++++， 所以1111111[()()()]235572123n T n n =-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-++111()2323n =-+， 因为n T 随着n 的增大而增大，当1n =时，1115T =，当n →+∞时，16n T →， 所以n T 的取值范围是11[,)156． 【名师点睛】数列求和的方法常用的有：（1）公式法；（2）错位相减法；（3）裂项相消法；（4）分组求和法；（5）倒序相加法．要根据数列通项的特征，灵活选择方法求和． 16．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且312n n S a =-*()n N ∈． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）在数列{}n b 中，15b =，1n n n b b a +=+，求数列{}n b 的通项公式．【试题来源】安徽省马鞍山市和县第二中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中联考（理）【答案】（1）123n n a -=⋅；（2）134n n b -=+．【解析】（1）当n =1时，11312a a =-， 所以 a 1=2． 当2n ≥时，因为312n n S a =- ①，1131(2)2n n S a n --=-≥ ②，①-②得133(1)(1)22n n n a a a -=---，即13n n a a -=所以 数列{}n a 是首项为2，公比为3的等比数列，所以123n n a -=⋅．（2）因为1n n n b b a +=+，所以当2n ≥时，2123n n n b b --=+⋅ ，……，13223b b =+⋅，2123b b =+⋅，相加得 12111132(333)523413n n n n b b ----=+⋅+++=+⋅=+-．当n =1时，111345b -+==，所以 134n n b -=+．【名师点睛】递推数列求数列通项公式，对于形如a (n+1)=a n +f (n )或者a (n+1)-a n =f (n )的关系式，其中f (n )可以为常数(此时为等差数列)、也可以是关于n 的函数如一次函数、分式函数、二次函数和指数函数等，此时求解通项公式时均可使用累加法．17．已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且满足：11a =，211n n n a S S ++=+．（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）设()()121213n n n a n n a b a a +=-+，求数列{}n b的前n 项和n T ．【试题来源】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2020-2021学年高三上学期月考（三）【答案】（1）n a n =；（2）()1114213n n T n ⎡⎤=-⎢⎥+⋅⎣⎦．【解析】（1）由211n n n a S S ++=+，又有21n n n a S S -=+，()2n ≥，两式相减得()22112n n n n a a a a n ++-=+≥，因为0n a >，所以()112n n a a n +-=≥，又11a =，22121a a a a =++，解得22a =，满足11n n a a +-=，因此数列{}n a 是等差数列，首项1a 为1，公差d 为1， 所以()11n a a n d n =+-=； （2）()()1121213n n n b n n +=⋅-+()()113111114212134213213n n n n n n n -⎡⎤⎛⎫=-⋅=-⎢⎥ ⎪-+-⋅+⋅⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以 ()()1201121111111111...41333433534213213n n n n T b b b n n -⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=+++=-+-++-⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⋅⋅⋅⋅-⋅+⋅⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦()1114213n n ⎡⎤=-⎢⎥+⋅⎣⎦． 【名师点睛】常见的数列中可进行裂项相消的形式：（1）()11111n n n n =-++；（2）211114122121n n n ⎛⎫=- ⎪--+⎝⎭； （31=-（4）()()1121121212121n n n n n ++=-----． 18．已知数列{}n a 中，11a =，13nn n a a a +=+． （1）求证：112n a ⎧⎫+⎨⎬⎩⎭是等比数列，并求{}n a 的通项公式；（2）数列{}n b 满足()312nn n n nb a =-⋅，数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ，若不等式1(1)2n n n nT λ--<+对一切*n ∈N 恒成立，求λ的取值范围． 【试题来源】河南省南阳市第一中学校2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考（文） 【答案】（1）证明见解析，231n na =-；（2）23λ-<<． 【解析】（1）由13n n n a a a +=+得13131n n n n a a a a ++==+，即11111322n n a a +⎛⎫+=+ ⎪⎝⎭， 又111322a +=，所以112n a ⎧⎫+⎨⎬⎩⎭是以32是为首项，3为公比的等比数列． 所以111333222n n n a -+=⨯=，即231n n a =-． （2）()12231nnnn n b an n --⋅==， 所以0122111111123(1)22222n n n T n n --=⨯+⨯+⨯+⋯+-⨯+⨯， 211111112(1)22222n n n T n n -=⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯． 两式相减得121011111222222222n n n n T n n -+=+++⋯+-⨯=-，所以1242n n n T -+=-，所以12(1)42nn λ--<-． 令()()*1242n f n n -=-∈N ，易知()f n 单调递增，若n 为偶数，则()21242f n λ-<-≤，所以3λ<； 若n 为奇数，则()11242f n λ--<-≤，所以2λ-<，所以2λ>-． 综上所述23λ-<<．【名师点睛】利用构造等比数列可求解形如递推关系1n n a pa q -=+的通项公式；根据数列的单调性求数列的最值，可求得参数的取值范围．19．已知n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，满足410S =，55a =，n T 为数列{}n b 的前n 项和，满足()4413nn T =-，*n ∈N ． （1）求{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式； （2）设211log n n n n c b a a +=+，若数列{}n c 的前n 项和100n C <，求n 的最大值． 【试题来源】河南省南阳市第一中学校2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考（文） 【答案】（1）*n a n n N =∈，，4n nb ，*n N ∈；（2）9．【解析】（1）{}n a 为等差数列，因为410S =，55a =，所以14610a d +=，145a d +=，解得11a =，1d =，所以*n a n n N =∈，．因为()4413n n T =-，所以当2n ≥时，()()11444141433n n n n n n b T T --=-=---=； 当1n =时，114b T ==．综上，4n n b ，*n N ∈．（2）()2111log 4211nn c n n n n n ⎛⎫=+=+- ⎪++⎝⎭，所以()12111111212312231n n C c c c n n n ⎛⎫=+++=+++++-+-++- ⎪+⎝⎭()()111111n n n n n n n ⎛⎫=++-=++ ⎪++⎝⎭，所以()11nn C n n n =+++， 因为()11001n nC n n n =++<+， 当1n ≥时，()1111n C n n n =++-+为关于n 的递增数列，8999010010C C <=+<，101011010011C =+>，所以n 的最大值为9． 【名师点睛】已知数列的通项和前n 项和的递推关系，常采用多递推一项再相减的思想；通过研究数列的单调性，进而研究数列项的最值或解不等式，是常用的方法．20．在①112n n a a +=-，②116n n a a +-=-，③a n +1＝a n +n -8这三个条件中任选一个，补充在下面的问题中，若问题中的S n 存在最大值，则求出最大值；若问题中的S n 不存在最大值，请说明理由．问题：设S n 是数列{a n }的前n 项和，且a 1＝4，_________，求{a n }的通项公式，并判断S n 是否存在最大值．【试题来源】湖北省宜昌市秭归县第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中 【答案】答案不唯一，具体见解析 【解析】选①因为112n n a a +=-，a 1＝4，所以{a n }是首项为4，公比为12-的等比数列，所以13114()()22n n n a --=⨯-=-．当n 为奇数时，14[1()]812(1)13212n n nS --==++，因为81(1)32n +随着n 的增加而减少，所以此时S n 的最大值为S 1＝4．当n 为偶数时，81(1)32n n S =-，且818(1)4323n n S =-<<．综上，S n 存在最大值，且最大值为4．选②因为116n n a a +-=-，a 1＝4，所以{a n }是首项为4，公差为16-的等差数列，所以11254(1)()666n a n n =+--=-+．由125066n -+≥，得n ≤25，所以S n 存在最大值，且最大值为S 25（或S 24），因为2525241254()5026S ⨯=⨯+⨯-=，所以S n 的最大值为50．选③因为a n +1＝a n +n -8，所以a n +1-a n ＝n -8，所以a 2-a 1＝-7，a 3-a 2＝-6，…，a n -a n -1＝n -9，则12132n a a a a a a -=-+-+…21(79)(1)171622n n n n n n a a --+---++-==，又a 1＝4，所以217242n n n a -+=．当n ≥16时，a n ＞0，故S n 不存在最大值．21．已知数列{}n a 中，11a =，1(1)(2)1n n n a n a ++-+=*()n N ∈，n S 为数列{}n a 的前n项和．数列{}n b 满足*1()n nb n N S =∈．（1）证明：数列{}n a 是等差数列，并求出数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ．问是否存在正整数,(3)p q p q <<，使得3,,p q T T T 成等差数列？若存在，求出,p q 的值；若不存在，请说明理由．【试题来源】江苏省无锡市锡山高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中 【答案】（1）证明见解析，n a n =；（2）存在，11,5q p ==或27,6q p == 【解析】（1）1(1)(2)1n n n a n a ++-+=，则()()1111211212n n a a n n n n n n +-==-++++++， 设1n n a c n =+，则112c =，11112n n c c n n +-=-++，1122111111111123211n n n n n nc c c c c c c c n n n n ---=-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-+=-+⋅⋅⋅+-+=-=+++，故11n n a nc n n ==++，n a n =，11n n a a --=，故数列{}n a 为等差数列．（2）()12n n n S +=，()1211211⎛⎫===- ⎪++⎝⎭n nb S n n n n ， 故1111122122311n n T n n n ⎛⎫=-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=⎪++⎝⎭． 3,,p q T T T 成等差数列，则32p q T T T =+，即423112p q p q =+++， 化简整理得到：5730pq p q +--=，即()()7532p q -+=-，3p q <<，故58q +>，且*,p q N ∈，故516q +=或532q +=，故11,5q p ==或27,6q p ==．22．在①123,1,a a a +成等差数列；②430S =；③12364a a a =三个条件中任选一个补充在下面的问题中，并作答．（注：如果选择多个条件分别作答，按第一个解答计分）已知n S 是数列{}n a 的前n 项和．若12()n n S a a n N *=-∈，10a ≠，且满足（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设11b =，*1()n n n b b a n N +-=∈，求数列{}n b 的通项公式． 【试题来源】江苏省无锡市锡山高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中【答案】（1）2nn a =；（2）21n n b =-．【解析】（1）因为12n n S a a =-，所以1112n n S a a ++=-，所以()1111122n n n n n a S S a a a a +++--==--，化简得12n n a a +=，若选择①：因为123,1,a a a +成等差数列，所以()21321a a a +=+即()1112214a a a +=+，解得12a =，所以数列{}n a 是以2为首项，公比为2的等比数列，所以2nn a =；若选择②：因为2413411530a a a a S a =+++==，所以12a =，所以数列{}n a 是以2为首项，公比为2的等比数列，所以2nn a =； 若选择③：因为31231864a a a a ==，所以12a =，所以数列{}n a 是以2为首项，公比为2的等比数列，所以2nn a =； （3）由（1）得2nn a =，则12n n n b b +-=，所以当2n ≥时，()()()()2311213243112222n n n n b b b b b b b b b b --+-+-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=+++⋅⋅⋅+= ()1122112n n ⋅-==--，当1n =时，11b =满足上式，所以21nn b =-．23．阅读本题后面有待完善的问题，在下列三个关系①1112n n a a +=+，②12n n a a +=+，③21n n S a =-中选择一个作为条件，补充在题中横线标志的__________处，使问题完整，并解答你构造的问题．（如果选择多个关系并分别作答，在不出现逻辑混乱的情况下，按照第一个解答给分）设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，11a =，对任意的*N n ∈，都有_________；等比数列{}n b 中，对任意的*N n ∈，都有0n b >，2123n n n b b b ++=+，且11b =，问：是否存在*N k ∈，使得对任意的*N n ∈，都有n k k n a b a b ≤？若存在，试求出k 的值；若不存在，试说明理由． 【试题来源】江苏省南京市三校2020-2021学年高三上学期期中联考 【答案】答案见解析【解析】设等比数列{}n b 的公比为q ．因为对任意的*n ∈N ，都有2123n n n b b b ++=+，所以223q q =+，解得1q =-或32． 因为对任意的*n ∈N ，都有0n b >，所以0q >，从而32q =． 又11b =，所以132n n b -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭．显然，对任意的*n ∈N ，0n b >．所以，存在*n ∈N ，使得对任意的*n ∈N ，都有n k k n a b a b ≤，即n kn ka ab b ≤． 记nn na cb =，*n ∈N ．下面分别就选择①②③作为条件进行研究． ①因为对任意的*n ∈N ，都有1112n n a a +=+，即()11222n n a a +-=-．又11a =，即1210a -=-≠，所以20n a -≠，从而12122n n a a +-=-，所以数列{}2n a -是等比数列，公比为12，得1122n n a -⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭，即1122n n a -⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭．所以1123n n n n n a c b --==，从而()1112321n n n nc c ++-=-． 由()1121122132n nn n +--≤⇔≥⇔≥，得12c c =，当1n ≥时，1n n c c +<， 所以，当1n =或2时，n c 取得最大值，即nna b 取得最大值． 所以对任意的*n ∈N ，都有2121n n a a a b b b ≤=，即11n n a b a b ≤，22n n a b a b ≤， 所以存在1k =，2，使得对任意的*n ∈N ，都有n k k n a b a b ≤． ②因为对任意的*n ∈N ，都有12n n a a +=+，即12n n a a +-=，所以数列{}n a 是等差数列，公差为2．又11a =，所以12(1)21n a n n =+-=-．所以12(21)03n n n n a c n b -⎛⎫==-> ⎪⎝⎭，从而12(21)3(21)n n c n c n ++=-． 由2(21)51253(21)2n n n n +≤⇔≥⇔≥-，得当2n ≤时，1n n c c +>；当3n ≥时，1n n c c +<，所以，当3n =时，n c 取得最大值，即nna b 取得最大值． 所以对任意的*n ∈N ，都有33n n a a b b ≤，即33n n a b a b ≤． 所以存在3k =，使得对任意的*N n ∈，都有n k k n a b a b ≤． ③因为对任意的*N n ∈，都有21n n S a =-，所以1121n n S a ++=-， 从而()1111212122n n n n n n n a S S a a a a ++++=-=---=-，即12n n a a +=．又110a =>，所以0n a >，且12n na a +=， 从而数列{}n a 是等比数列，公比为2，得12n na ．所以1304n n n n a c b -⎛⎫==> ⎪⎝⎭，从而1314n n c c +=<，所以1n n c c +<， 所以，当1n =时，n c 取得最大值，即nna b 取得最大值． 所以对任意的*N n ∈，都有11n n a a b b ≤，即11n n a b a b ≤． 所以存在1k =，使得对任意的*N n ∈，都有n k k n a b a b ≤． 24．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且21(*)n n S a n N =-∈ （1）求1a 和2a 的值；（2）证明数列{}n a 是等比数列，并求出{}n a 的通项公式；（3）设13log n n b a =，n n n c a b =，求数列{}nc 的前n 项和n T ．【试题来源】广东省东莞市第四高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中【答案】（1）113a =；219a =；（2）证明见解析，13n n a =；（3）n T =332443nn +-⨯． 【解析】（1）1121S a =-，得113a =，当2n =时，2221S a =-，所以1222()1a a a +=-，解得219a =．（2）由21n n S a =-，1121(2)n n S a n --=-≥， 两式相减得11(2)3n n a a n -=≥，即11(2)3n n a n a -=≥， 所以数列{}n a 是以首项为13，公比为13的等比数列，得13n n a =． （3）13log n n b a n ==，3n n nnn c a b ==， 则12n n T c c c =+++=21111112(1)3333n n n n -⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯，得3×n T =21231333n-n++++，上两式相减得 2×n T =1+211113333n n n -+++-=311)233n n n--（， 得n T =13133244323443n n nn n-+--=-⨯⨯⨯． 【名师点睛】已知条件是n S 和n a 的关系的，可用11,1,2n nn S n a S S n -=⎧=⎨-≥⎩来求通项公式．如果一个数列的结构是等差数列乘以等比数列，则数列求和采用错位相减求和法． 25．设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且22n n S n a +=-．（1）证明数列{}1n a +是等比数列，并求出数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）若数列{}n b 中，12b =，12n n b b +=-，求数列{}n n a b +的前n 项和n T ． 【试题来源】云南省德宏州2020届高三上学期期末教学质量检测（文）【答案】（1）证明见解析；121n n a +=-；（2）n T 2224n n +=+-．【解析】（1）证明：当1n =时，13a =，当2n ≥时，22n n S n a +=- ①，11(1)22n n S n a --∴+-=- ②， 由①－②得121n n a a -+=， 1221n n a a -∴+=+，即1121n n a a -+=+，故数列{}1n a +是以2为公比，首项为114a +=的等比数列，112n n a +∴+=，得121n n a +=-．（2）由题得12nnb b ，故{}n b 是以2为公差，2为首项的等差数列，2n b n ∴=．()231(242)222n n T n n +∴=++⋅⋅⋅++++⋅⋅⋅+-()412(1)22212n n n n n --=+⨯+--2224n n +=+-．【名师点睛】本题考查数列求通项公式与求和问题，求数列和常用的方法： （1）等差+等比数列：分组求和法；（2）倒序相加法； （3）11n n n b a a +=（数列{}n a 为等差数列）：裂项相消法； （4）等差⨯等比数列：错位相减法．26．已知数列{}n a 满足12a =，1(1)2(2)n n n a n a ++=+ （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）设n S 是数列{}n a 的前n 项和，求证：2nn S a <．【试题来源】浙江省温州市2020-2021学年高三上学期11月高考适应性测试（一模） 【答案】（1）1(1)2n n a n -=+⋅；（2）证明见解析．【解析】（1）因为1(1)2(2)n n n a n a ++=+，所以12(2)(1)n n a n a n ++=+，则 1123411123134512(1)2(2)234n n n n n a a a a n a a a n n a a a a n ---+⎛⎫=⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅⨯⨯⨯⨯=+⋅≥ ⎪⎝⎭当1n =时，12a =满足上式，所以1(1)2n n a n -=+⋅．（2）0121223242(1)2n n S n -=⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅①，123122232422(1)2n n n S n n -=⋅+⋅+⋅++⋅++⋅②，①-②得123122222(1)2n n n S n --=+++++-+⋅，化简得()12122(1)2212---=+-+⋅=-⋅-n nn nS n n ，所以2nn S n =⋅，又2(1)2220nnnn n a S n n -=+⋅-⋅=>，所以2n n S a <．【名师点睛】本题考查根据递推关系式求数列的通项公式，考查错位相减法求和，难度一般．（1）当数列{}n a 满足()1n na f n a +=时，可采用累乘法求通项公式； （2）当数列n n n c ab =⋅，其中{}n a 和{}n b 分别为等差数列与等比数列时，采用错位相减法求和．27．已知数列{}n a 满足122nn n a a a +=+，且12a =，数列{}n b 满足1n n n n b b a b +-=，且12b =，(n *∈N )． （1）求证：数列1na 是等差数列，并求通项n a ； （2）解关于n 的不等式：22n a nb <．【试题来源】江苏省盐城市一中、射阳中学等五校2020-2021学年高二上学期期中联考 【答案】（1）证明见解析，2n a n=；（2）{}2,3,4n ∈． 【解析】（1）由122nn n a a a +=+，且12a =知，0n a >， 故有11112n n a a +-=得，所以数列1na 是等差数列， 由于1111,22d a ==，所以12n n a =，即2n a n=； （2）由1n n n n b b a b +-=得，121n n n b n a b n++=+=，由累乘法得，(1)n b n n =+ 则不等式22na nb <可化为2(1)nn n <+，即(1)12nn n +>， 令(1),2n nn n c n N *+=∈，则1n c >． 当1n =时，11c =，不符合；当2n =时，2312c =>，符合；当3n =时，3312c =>，符合；当4n =时，4514c =>，符合； 当5n =时，515116c =<，不符合；而当5,n n N *≥∈时，()()1111(2)1(2)(1)0222n n n nn n n n n n n c c ++++++-+-=-=<故当5,n n N *≥∈不符合；综上所述，{}2,3,4n ∈．28．已知数列1n n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬-⎩⎭的前n 项和为n ，数列{}n b 满足11b =，1n n n b b a +-=，*n N ∈．（1）求数列{}n a ，{}n b 的通项公式； （2）若数列{}n c 满足22nnn a c b =，*n N ∈，求满足126316n c c c +++≤的最大整数n ． 【试题来源】浙江省杭州地区重点中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中 【答案】（1）1n a n =+()n N ∈，(1)2n n nb +=()n N ∈；（2）证明见解析 【解析】（1）因为1212111n nn a a a +++=---①， 2n ≥时，1211211111n n n a a a --+++=----②，由-①②得11n na =-，所以1(2)n a n n =+≥， 当1n =时，1111a =-，12a =符合1n a n =+，所以1n a n =+()n N ∈，因为11n n n b b a n +-==+，所以()()()121321n n n b b b b b b b b -=+-+-++-1121n b a a a -=++++(1)122n nn +=+++=， 当1n =时，11b =也符合，(1)2n n nb +=． （2）因为22224(21)(1)n n n a n c b n n +==+，22224(21)114()(1)(1)n n c n n n n +==-++， 所以，12216341(1)16n c c c n ⎛⎫+++=-≤ ⎪+⎝⎭，21631(1)64n -≤+，211(1)64n ≥+，2(1)64n +≤，所以()18n +≤即7n ≤． 所以满足126316n c c c +++≤的最大整数n 为7． 29．已知数列{a n }中，已知a 1＝1，a 2＝a ，a n ＋1＝k (a n ＋a n ＋2)对任意n ∈N *都成立，数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ．（1）若{a n }是等差数列，求k 的值； （2）若a ＝1，k ＝－12，求S n ． 【试题来源】河南省豫南九校2020-2021学年高二第一学期第二次联考试题 （文）【答案】（1）12k =；（2）()2,21,,2n n n k S k n n k*-=-⎧=∈⎨=⎩N ． 【解析】（1）若{}n a 是等差数列，则对任意*n N ∈，121n n n n a a a a +++-=-， 即122n n n a a a ++=+，所以()1212n n n a a a ++=+，故12k =. （2）当12k =-时，()1212n n n a a a ++=-+，即122n n n a a a ++=--． 所以()211n n n n a a a a ++++=-+，故()32211n n n n n n a a a a a a ++++++=-+=+， 所以，当n 是偶数时，()()()1234112341n n n n n S a a a a a a a a a a a a --=++++++=++++++()122na a n =+=， 当n 是奇数时，()23212a a a a +=-+=-，()()()12341123451n n n n n S a a a a a a a a a a a a a --=++++++=+++++++11(2)22n n -=+⨯-=- 综上，()2,21,,2n n n k S k n n k*-=-⎧=∈⎨=⎩N ．30．已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，918a =，10110S =． （1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式n a ；（2）设1n nb S =，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T ． 【试题来源】河南省豫南九校2020-2021学年高二第一学期第二次联考试题 （文） 【答案】（1）2n a n =；（2）1n nT n =+． 【解析】（1）设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，由911018181045110a a d S a d =+=⎧⎨=+=⎩，解得12a d ==，所以，()112n a a n d n =+-=，故数列{}n a 的通项公式2n a n =； （2）由（1）可得()()2212n n n S n n +==+， 所以()111111n n b S n n n n ===-++， 所以111111111122334111n n T n n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-+-++-=-= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪+++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭． 【名师点睛】数列求和的常用方法：（1）对于等差等比数列，利用公式法直接求和；（2）对于{}n n a b 型数列，其中{}n a 是等差数列，{}n b 是等比数列，利用错位相减法求和； （3）对于{}n n a b +型数列，利用分组求和法； （4）对于11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭型数列，其中{}n a 是公差为()0d d ≠的等差数列，利用裂项相消法．31．已知等比数列{}()n a n N*∈满足234a aa =，13223a a a +=．（1）定义：首项为1且公比为正数的等比数列为“M -数列”，证明：数列{}n a 是“M -数列”；（2）记等差数列{}n b 的前n 项和记为n S ，已知59b =，864S =，求数列{}21n n b a -的前n 项的和n T ．【试题来源】内蒙古呼和浩特市2021届高三质量普查调研考试（理） 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）()4727nn T n =-+．【解析】（1）由题意可设公比为q ，则23311a q a q =，得11a =，211123a a q a q +=得1q =或2q，所以数列{}n a 是“M -数列”．（2）设数列{}n b 的公差为d ，易得()458464b b S +==得47b =， 所以542d b b =-=，得21n b n =-，由（1）知若1q =，则2143n n b a n -=-，所以()214322n n n T n n +-==-，若2q，则12n na ，所以()121432n n nb a n --=-⋅，所以()()0221125292472432n n n T n n --=⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-+-①， 所以()()2312125292472432n n n T n n -=⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-+-②，①-②得()()231125292472432n n n T n n --=⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-+-，所以()()1812143212n n nT n ---=+---，所以()4727nn T n =-+．32．在①535S =，②13310a a +=，③113n a n a +=+这三个条件中任选一个，补充在下面问题中并作答．已知{}n a 是各项均为正数的等差数列，其前n 项和为n S ，________，且1a ，412a ，9a 成等比数列．（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式； （2）设()1nn n b a =-，求1ni i b =∑．【试题来源】江苏省南通市平潮高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中【答案】（1）32n a n =-；（2）13,213,2n i i nn b n n =⎧⎪⎪=⎨-⎪⎪⎩∑是偶数是奇数 【解析】{}n a 是各项均为正数的等差数列，1a ，412a ，9a 成等比数列． 所以241914a a a =⋅，即()()2111348a d a a d +=⋅+，整理可得221132690a a d d +-=，若选①：535S =，则1545352a d ⨯+=，即127a d +=， 由127a d +=可得172a d =-代入221132690a a d d +-=可得2230d d --=，解得3d =或1d =-（舍），所以11a =， 所以()11332n a n n =+-⨯=-，若选②：13310a a +=，即152d a =-，代入221132690a a d d +-=得2111762450a a -+=，即 ()()11117450a a --=解得113a d =⎧⎨=⎩或145175017a d ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-<⎪⎩不符合题意；若选③：113n a n a +=+，则419a a =+，9124a a =+， 代入241914a a a =⋅可得21126270a a +-= 解得113a d =⎧⎨=⎩或1273a d =-⎧⎨=⎩不符合题意；综上所述：113a d =⎧⎨=⎩，32n a n =-，（2）()()132nn b n =--，()()()()()12311231111111nn nin n i b a a a a a --==-+-+-+-+-∑()()()()114710135132n nn n -=-+-++--+--当n 为偶数时，13322ni i n n b ==⨯=∑，当n 为奇数时，()11131322ni i n nb =--=-+-⨯=∑，所以13,213,2ni i nn b n n =⎧⎪⎪=⎨-⎪⎪⎩∑是偶数是奇数．【名师点睛】本题得关键点是分别由条件①②③结合1a ，412a ，9a 成等比数列计算出1a 和d 的值，由{}n a 是各项均为正数的等差数列，所以10a >，0d >，第二问中()1nn nb a =-正负交错的数列求和，需要用奇偶并项求和，注意分n 为奇数和偶数讨论．33．已知函数f (x )=x a ( a 为常数，a >0且a ≠1 )（1）在下列条件中选择一个条件___ (仅填序号)，使得依次条件可以推出数列{a n }为等差数列，并说明理由；①数列{f (n a )}是首项为4，公比为2的等比数列； ②数列{f (n a )}是首项为4，公差为2的等差数列；③数列{f (n a )}是首项为4 ，公比为2的等比数列的前n 项和构成的数列；（2）在（1）的选择下，若a =2，b =12n⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭(n ∈*N )，求数列{n a ．n b }的前n 项和n S ， 【试题来源】江苏省南京师大附中2020-2021学年高三上学期期中 【答案】（1） 选①，理由见解析（2）332n n +-【解析】（1）②③不能推出数列{a n }为等差数列，①能推出数列{a n }为等差数列． 若选①，数列{f (n a )}是首项为4，公比为2的等比数列， 所以f (n a )1+1422n a n n a -==⨯=， 解得1log 2(1)log 2n n a a a n +==+，故数列{a n }为等差数列，若选②，数列{f (n a )}是首项为4，公差为2的等差数列， 所以()42(1)22n f a n n =+-=+，即22na a n =+，解得log 22)a n a n =+（，故数列{a n }不为等差数列，若选③，数列{f (n a )}是首项为4 ，公比为2的等比数列的前n 项和构成的数列，因为首项为4 ，公比为2的等比数列的前n 项和为4(12)4(21)12n n n S -==--，所以()4(21)na n n f a a==-，解得log 4(21)n n a a =-，显然数列{a n }不为等差数列．（2）由（1）及a =2可得1n a n =+，所以11(1)22nn n n n a b n +⎛⎫=+⋅= ⎪⎝⎭， 234345n+112222n n S =+++++，345111345n+1222222n n S +∴=+++++， 两式相减可得23451111111112222222n n n n S ++∴=++++++-。
2021年高三上学期期中检测 历史 含答案
2021年高三上学期期中检测历史含答案本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第I卷（选择题共50分）注意事项：第I卷共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
每小题的四个选项中只有一项是符合要求的，选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号（ABCD）涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净，再选涂其它答案标号，不能答在试卷上。
1．表格中的言论集中体现了：①精耕细作的农业生产方式日益完善②中国古代农业起源早，独立发展③农业是国家税收的主要来源④农本思想A．②③④B．①②③C．③④D．①②【答案】C【解析】考察中国古代的经济政策。
战国到明清时期历代封建统治者推行重农抑商政策，汉文帝强调农业是国家的根本，是百姓的生存之本，宋李靓农业是百姓的生命，赋税是立国的根本。
二者体现了农本思想，和农业是国家税收的来源。
体现不出精耕细作，②说法错误。
2从中可以得出的结论是A．汉朝时使用牛耕的范围较广B．山东的农耕技术在汉代最先进C．汉代时陕西是全国经济中心D．汉朝时牛耕范围已经遍及全国【答案】A【解析】考察中国古代的农耕经济和学生的逻辑判断，牛耕的出现促进了农业生产的发展，但仅从牛耕图画像石的分布情况看不出BC，其出土集中在几个省份，不能说明汉朝时牛耕范围已经遍及全国，只能说汉朝时使用牛耕的范围较广。
3．公元前119年，汉武帝下令将国内所有的矿产、冶炼、铸造等行业收归国有，由政府经营，商人不得参与。
汉武帝这样做的主要目的是A．进一步拓展官营手工业的经营范围B．保证生产所需铁制工具的供应C．稳定统治秩序，增强中央政府实力D．保证武器生产以满足战争需要【答案】C【解析】汉武帝将一些经济特权收归国有，实质反映国家统治的强化，其根本目的还是强化统治秩序，加强中央政府的权力。
4．《登州府志》记载．“纺织花布，以自衣被。
穷乡山陬，无问男妇为之，其织作须织工。
”这反映出当时登州①基本仍属小农经济②家庭手工业发展③出现经济区域分工A．②③B．①②③C．①③D．①②【答案】D【解析】本题以古代登州经济为切入，考查学生对中国古代小农经济的认识。
2021年高三历史上学期期中联考试题(III)
2021年高三历史上学期期中联考试题(III)24．史官记史重视“言”与“事”。
下列人物“言”、“事”对应正确的是25．据史载，明朝中后期“富室之称雄者，江南则推新安，江北则推山右。
新安大贾鱼盐为业，藏镪有至百万者，其他二三十万，则中贾耳。
山右或盐或丝，或转贩，或窖藏，其富甚于新安。
”材料表明当时A．奢侈品贩运是商人致富的主要手段B．形成地域性特征明显的行业商帮C．富商大贾大多以垄断经营敛财D．资本主义萌芽促进贸易的繁荣26．有学者认为顾炎武的思想“不超出儒家政治的陈词滥调”，另一些学者则认为顾炎武提出了以制度保障民主的宝贵近代思想。
以下顾炎武的言论中能用于论证后一种观点的是A．“夫治天下犹曳大木然，君与臣，共曳木之人也”B．“天下之治乱，不在一姓之兴亡，而在万民之忧乐”C．“必使治天下之法具出于学校，天子不敢自为是非，而公其是非于学校”D．“其身正，不令而行，其身不正，虽令不从”27．下列表格反映的是近代不同政治派别的思想倾向，其共同诉求是A．倡导军事强国，挽救民族危亡 B．进行思想启蒙，培养新的国民C．实现中国工业化，自强求富 D．向西方学习，实行民主政治28．费正清在《导论·近代中国历史的透视》中这样评价辛亥革命：“革命的主要目标一直是推翻中央集权，它的方式本身（指各省纷纷宣布独立）就是反中央集权的。
”由此可知，费正清认为辛亥革命A．引发军阀割据 B．结束专制统治 C．强化中央集权 D．实现民族独立29．中共中央机关刊物《红旗》(1930年5月)刊载：“以为不要城市工人而用农村包围城市可以取得胜利，这无论在理论上与事实上都是行不通的。
假使没有城市做领导，则任何乡村都是不能‘联合起来’的。
”这说明当时中共A. 坚持以城市斗争为中心的革命道路B. 走以农村为中心的革命道路失败了C. 还没有找到适合中国国情的道路D. 内部仍存在革命道路选择的分歧梁启超制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。
2021-2022学年江苏省扬州市高三(上)期中历史试卷(附答案详解)
2021-2022学年江苏省扬州市高三（上）期中历史试卷一、单选题（本大题共16小题，共48.0分）1.春秋时期大国作战主要是为了争夺中间空旷地带和控制弱小国家，作战时讲究阵行、程序、礼节，多少带有“文质彬彬”的色彩。
战国时期作战大多是为了歼灭对方主力，予敌军以毁灭性打击，“文质彬彬”的色彩基本消失。
这一变化（）A. 淡化了原有宗法关系B. 宣告了贵族政治的崩溃C. 表明了王权开始衰微D. 加速了国家统一的进程2.《汉书》记载文景时期循吏“皆谨身帅先，居以廉平”，尤其是蜀守文翁“仁爱好教化”，通过“选郡县开敏有材者”到京师受业博士，“又修起学官于成都市中，招下县子弟以为学官弟子”，所以“至今巴蜀好文雅，文翁之化也”。
这说明汉代（）A. 儒学已经取得正统地位B. 循吏自觉担负教化之责C. 地方教育体系初步形成D. 巴蜀成为全国文化中心3.以招牌作为广告开始于唐代，市场要求“建标立候，陈肆辨物”，市内分肆，悬挂店名、行名或商品名称经营，以及对上市的商品每月估价三次，然后由经营者悬牌销售。
据此可知当时的商业（）A. 经营范围宽泛B. 宣传形式多样C. 广告管理严格D. 文化氛围浓郁4.如图为元朝画家王冕的《墨梅图》，题有诗句：“我家洗砚池头树，朵朵花开淡墨痕。
不要人夸颜色好，只留清气满乾坤。
”该作品表现出（）A. 超脱世俗的人格理想B. 豪迈勇进的时代风貌C. 细致逼真的写实风格D. 宏阔深邃的创作意象5.明清时期，专业市镇如雨后春笋涌现。
江南地区形成了各具特色的专业市镇，如棉花及棉纺织业市镇、蚕桑及丝织业市镇、粮食贸易市镇等。
长江中游地区即有陶瓷业市镇、茶叶市镇、造纸业市镇等。
这些专业市镇的出现，表明了（）A. 重农抑商政策被弱化B. 传统的自然经济开始解体C. 地域性商人群体出现D. 区域经济商品化程度较高6.1903年，梁启超撰文严厉批判当时流行的“野蛮人尚力，文明人尚智”的迁腐思想，大声疾呼“柔弱之文明，卒不能抵野蛮之，武力。
江苏省常州市第三中学2020届高三历史上学期期中试题
江苏省常州市第三中学2020 届高三历史上学期期中试题一、选择题：本大题共20 小题，每题 3 分，共60 分。
每题的四个选项中，只有一项最切合题目要求。
1、宋太宗淳化二年诏曰：“关市之租，其来旧矣征算之条，当从宽简。
宜令诸路转运使市征所算之名品，共参酌裁汰，以利细民。
”又诏：“除商旅钱币外，其贩夫贩妇细碎交易，其实不得收其算。
”宋朝的“州郡财计，除民租以外，全赖商税”。
据资料判断宋朝A. 商人社会地位提升B.商税总量超出农税C. 商业环境相对宽松D.商业发展不受看管2、同治十三年，李鸿章在《筹商海防折》中写道：“臣近于直之南境磁州山中议开煤铁，跨津、沪机器局委员购洋器、雇洋匠，以资倡议，由于锻造军火要需，亦欲渐开民风以利民用也。
”以下行动切合其思想主张的是A．创立江南制造总局B．创办汉阳铁厂C．筹建北洋水师D．建立发昌机器厂3、1979 年 3 月 15日，《人民日报》头版刊发了《“三级所有、队为基础”应当稳固》的读者来信。
信中陈说了对乡村分田到组或到户的不满，呼吁纠正错误做法，稳固“三级所有，队为基础”制度。
不久安徽的肥西县委，还特意发文要求停止包产到户。
这表示A．推行乡村经济系统改革并不是一帆风顺B．安徽的乡村所有制形式开始发生转变C．包产到户违反了改革开放的大政目标D．家庭联产承包责任制实行后成效不好4、美洲白银生产在16 世纪约为 17000吨，到 17 世纪约为 42000 吨，此中有31000 吨运抵欧洲。
欧洲又将约 40%运往亚洲。
资料主要反应了A．欧洲列强加紧对外输出资本B．欧洲殖民者对亚非拉地域的残忍盘剥C．世界贸易中心转移到了亚洲D．欧洲同世界各地的商业联系日趋亲密5、《西方文明简史》中指出：“ 19 世纪末的经济发展，再加上大海运输和铁路上的交通革命，欧洲资本相同投向了外国，以建设铁路、矿山、电厂和银行。
自然，外国市场也为欧洲节余的制成品供给了市场。
”上述资料表示A．世界开始从孤立走向一个整体 B.西方列强的侵略方式发生了重要转变C．工业革命使世界市场基本形成 D.轮船、飞机等推动了世界市场的发展6、在1932 年的渥太华帝国会议上，英国与各自治领签署了一系列贸易协议，两方给各自的产品进入对方的市场供给优惠，减免关税；对外则高筑关税壁垒。
2021届常州市第三中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案
2021届常州市第三中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADuring ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPad or computers to entertain themselves. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play.★Stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to protect kids from the cold. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet. In 1999, the sport was included in the 6th National Ethnic Group Traditional Sports Meeting held in Beijing.★Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the four most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite , Weifang kite and Nantong kite, of which each has distinctive features. The kite which resembles a swallow is a well-known Beijing style.★Hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄) him or, more commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them.★Playing diabolosA diabolo is always made of wood or bamboo and has empty space in the center. By juggling(边抛边接) the diabolo on the rope, the high-speed spinning diabolos will make a sound like a whistle. Playing diabolos is an interesting folk game, especially popular in North China. Playing diabolos was also included in the first group of national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).1.Why did ancient children often play stone balls in the winter?A.To practice their feet.B.To warm themselves.C.To train their skills.D.To relax themselves.2.Which kites are swallow-shaped?A.Weifang kites.B.Tianjin kites.C.Beijing kites.D.Nantong kites.3.Why does playing diabolos make a sound?A.Because the diabolo’s center is empty.B.Because the high-speed spinning diabolo is light.C.Because the diabolo is equipped with a whistle.D.Because ropes’ surface moves against the diabolo’s.BWhen the COVID-19 hit and supermarket shelves were empty, Chris Hall and Stefanny Lowey decided they no longer wanted to rely on others for food. The couple, who live on Pender Island in BritishColumbia, Canada, decided to start a year-long challenge where they wouldn't buy a single thing to eat. Instead they would grow, raise or catch everything—right down to sugar, salt and flour. Now, five months in, they say the challenge has changed their lives.Chris, 38, said, “It has always been something that we have wanted to do. We have had a garden and grown vegetables for a long time already. When the COVID-19 hit, it gave us that extra push that we needed to do it. We were both out of work when we started, and with the reality check of grocery stores running out of items, it gave us even more motivation to see if we could look after ourselves.”The pair spent the months before building a house for chickens, ducks and turkey as well as studying as much as possible to figure out where they would get all the things they needed. Chris adds, “We had to learn so many new things like how to grow mushrooms, process our Stevia plants, and harvest salt from the ocean. We spent a lot of time reading and studying online to figure out all the things we were going to need to do.”Now after five months, they both feel its been going well but Chris admits the first few weeks were difficult. “The first three weeks were very challenging as our bodies adjusted to cutting out coffee, wine and sugar all on the same day,” he says. “After three weeks our energy levels balanced out and our wishes reduced and now we feel great.” Now February has ended. As they come through winter, they feel positive about continuing with this way of living, with their challenge officially ending in August.4. Why did the pair decide to produce foods on their own?A. They were isolated by Pender Island.B. They couldn't afford to buy them because they were out of work.C. They believed it's good for their health.D. They could hardly buy them in shops.5. Which words can be used to describe the couple?A. Rich and generous.B. Helpful and positive.C. Optimistic and self-dependent.D. Motivated and brave.6. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Their challenge may last about eleven months in total.B. They were discouraged by the difficulty at first.C. They had difficulty because they wanted more.D. They couldn't adjust their bodies to the hard work after three weeks.7. In which column may you read such a passage?A. Sports.B. Agriculture.C. Lifestyle.D. Business.CI had very good parents. My mother came toAmericafromScotlandby herself when she was 11, and she didn’t have much education. My dad was kind of a street kid, and he eventually went into the insurance business, selling nickel policies door to door.One day, my dad asked his boss, “What's the toughest market to sell?” and the insurance guy replied “Well, black people. They don’t buy insurance.” My dad thought, but they have kids; they have families. Why wouldn’t they buy insurance? So he said, “Give meHarlem.”When my dad died in 1994, I talked about him onThe Tonight Show. I told the story of how he worked in Harlem and how he always taught us to be open-minded and not to say or think things of racism (种族主义). Then one day, I got a letter from a woman who was about 75 years old.She wrote that when she was a little girl, a man used to come to her house to collect policies. She said this man was the only white person who had ever come to dinner at their house. The man was very kind to her, she said, and his name was Angelo—was this my father?The letter made me cry. I called her up and said yes, that was in fact my dad, and she told me how kind he had been to her family. Her whole attitude toward white people was based on that one nice man she met in her childhood, who always treated her with kindness and respect and always gave her a piece of candy. From this experience, I learned a valuable life lesson: never judge people and be open-minded and kind to others.8. What did my father do after knowing what was the toughest market to sell?A. He asked his boss to give him some insurance.B. He went toScotlandto improve his education.C. He specially went to white families with kids.D. He choseHarlemto face the toughest challenge.9. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. It was rare that a businessman had dinner in his customer's house.B. Angelo was the only white person to sell insurance inHarlem.C. The little girl admired Angelo very much.D. Racism was a serious problem inAmericaat that time.10. Which of the following can best describe the author’s father?A. Stubborn and generous.B. Patient and intelligent.C. Determined and open-minded.D. Confident and romantic.11. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Memories from a TV Show.B. A Letter from an Old Lady.C. Life Lessons from My Father.D. My Father's Experience inHarlem.DWhen girls play with cars, they're serious. It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in2004 inShenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles (汽车) when she was in junior high.She's driven by interest, but she is also a realist. “I think the future of the automobile industry is bright because we cannot live without food, clothes, houses and cars,” she said.In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance (车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province.“I thought it couldn't be that hard to repair cars when I started to take courses, but I was totally wrong,” Gu said. When she started learning in 2019, she was frequently confused by various problems. “And competition within our school is intense, so I had to work extra hard,” she said.Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore (大二学生), and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. “But I insisted that I would carry on,” she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition.A woman winning first prize in a vehicle maintenance competition became a hot topic on-line, causing heated discussions over gender (性别) and career choices. “Women should not be influenced by old-fashioned thinking,and should do whatever it takes to discover their interests and strengths. There are more possibilities out there,” one netizen wrote.Gu said, “Many people think vehicle maintenance is a job for men. That's wrong. I don't think gender has anything to do with choice of jobs.” “I have a goal and I will work harder to make it happen,” she added. “I will be responsible for my choices.”12. What was a cause of Gu's choosing automobiles as her major?A. The love for automobiles.B. The guidance from her parents.C. The high popularity of automobiles.D. The determination to contribute to society.13. Why did Gu's teacher advise her to quit the competition?A. She lacked the knowledge related to it.B. She had never taken part in a competition before.C. She was unlikely to win the competition.D. Women were not allowed to enter the competition.14. Which of the following best describes Gu Huijing?A. Creative and caring.B. Determined and hard-working.C. Independent and humorous.D. Honest and courageous.15. What would be the best title for the text?A. There Is No End To LearningB. Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair ContestC. Vehicle Maintenance Catches OnD. Taking Challenge Leads To Success第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年北京市第三中学高三语文上学期期中试卷及参考答案
2021年北京市第三中学高三语文上学期期中试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
以“己”为中心，像石子一般投入水中，和别人所联系成的社会关系，不像团体中的分子一般大家立在一个平面上的，而是像水的波纹一般，一圈圈推出去，愈推愈远，也愈推愈薄。
在这里我们遇到了中国社会结构的基本特性了。
我们儒家最考究的是人伦，伦是什么呢？我的解释就是从自己推出去的和自己发生社会关系的那一群人里所发生的一轮轮波纹的差序。
“释名”于伦字下也说“伦也，水文相次有伦理也。
”潘光旦先生曾说：凡是有“仑”作公分母的意义都相通，“共同表示的是条理，类别，秩序的一番意思。
”伦重在分别，在《礼记·祭统》里所讲的十伦，鬼神、君臣、父子、贵贱、亲疏、爵赏、夫妇、政事、长幼、上下，都是指差等。
“不失其伦”是在别父子、远近、亲疏。
伦是有差等的次序。
在我们现在读来，鬼神、君臣、父子、夫妇等具体的社会关系，怎能和贵贱、亲疏、远近、上下等抽象的相对地位相提并论？其实在我们传统的社会结构里最基本的概念，这个人和人来往所构成的网络中的纲纪，就是一个差序，也就是伦。
《礼记·祭统》大传里说：“亲亲也，尊尊也，长长也，男女有别，此其不可得与民变革者也。
”意思是这个社会结构的架格是不能变的，变的只是利用这架格所做的事。
孔子最注重的就是水纹波浪向外扩张的推字。
他先承认一个己，推己及人的己，对于这己，得加以克服于礼，克己就是修身。
顺着这同心圆的伦常，就可向外推了。
“本立而道生。
”“其为人也孝悌，而好犯上者鲜矣，不好犯上而好作乱者，未之有也。
”从己到家，由家到国，由国到天下，是一条通路。
《中庸》里把五伦作为天下之达道。
因为在这种社会结构里，从己到天下是一圈一圈推出去的，所以孟子说他“善推而已矣”。
在这种富于伸缩性的网络里，随时随地是有一个“己”作中心的。
这并不是个人主义，而是自我主义。
个人是对团体而说的，是分子对团体。
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江苏省常州市第三中学2021届高三历史上学期期中试题一、选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分。
每小题的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。
1、宋太宗淳化二年诏曰：“关市之租，其来旧矣……征算之条，当从宽简。
宜令诸路转运使……市征所算之名品，共参酌裁减，以利细民。
”又诏：“除商旅货币外，其贩夫贩妇细碎交易，并不得收其算。
”宋代的“州郡财计，除民租之外，全赖商税”。
据材料判断宋朝A.商人社会地位提高B.商税总量超过农税C.商业环境相对宽松D.商业发展不受监管2、同治十三年，李鸿章在《筹议海防折》中写道：“臣近于直之南境磁州山中议开煤铁，跨津、沪机器局委员购洋器、雇洋匠，以资倡导，因为铸造军器要需，亦欲渐开风气以利民用也。
”下列行动符合其思想主张的是A．创办江南制造总局 B．兴办汉阳铁厂C．筹建北洋水师 D．设立发昌机器厂3、1979年3月15日，《人民日报》头版刊发了《“三级所有、队为基础”应该稳定》的读者来信。
信中陈述了对农村分田到组或到户的不满，号召纠正错误做法，稳定“三级所有，队为基础”制度。
不久安徽的肥西县委，还专门发文要求停止包产到户。
这表明A．推行农村经济体制改革并非一帆风顺 B．安徽的农村所有制形式开始发生转变C．包产到户违背了改革开放的大政方针 D．家庭联产承包责任制施行后效果不佳4、美洲白银生产在16世纪约为17000吨，到17世纪约为42000吨，其中有31000吨运抵欧洲。
欧洲又将约40%运往亚洲。
材料主要反映了A．欧洲列强加紧对外输出资本 B．欧洲殖民者对亚非拉地区的残酷剥削C．世界贸易中心转移到了亚洲 D．欧洲同世界各地的商业联系日益密切5、《西方文明简史》中指出：“19世纪末的经济发展，再加上海洋运输和铁路上的交通革命，……欧洲资本同样投向了海外，以建设铁路、矿山、电厂和银行。
当然，国外市场也为欧洲剩余的制成品提供了市场。
”上述材料表明A．世界开始从孤立走向一个整体 B. 西方列强的侵略方式发生了重大转变C．工业革命使世界市场基本形成 D. 轮船、飞机等推动了世界市场的发展6、在1932年的渥太华帝国会议上，英国与各自治领签订了一系列贸易协定，双方给各自的产品进入对方的市场提供优惠，减免关税；对外则高筑关税壁垒。
据此可知，英帝国特惠制的出台A．使得英国摆脱了经济危机的困扰 B．为“日不落”帝国的建立奠定基础C．表明英国固守“自由放任”政策 D．加深了与其他资本主义国家的矛盾7、一位俄共领导人抱怨说，经济政策中已没有留下什么“社会主义因素”。
列宁解释说，政策是“通过国家资本主义去建立……通往社会主义的康庄大道”，“用非共产党员的手来建设共产主义”。
该政策A．保证了前线红军的粮食供应 B．利用经济危机推动工业化建设C．开创了新型的工业化模式 D．促进了农业的迅速恢复和发展8、“居于中心位置的国家对全球化的边陲国家的宰制与剥削，几乎达到了维多利亚女王统治时代的日不落的大英帝国，而且尤有过之。
富者、穷者变多，中产阶级很少的M型社会来临。
”下列说法与上述材料的主旨一致的是A．经济全球化就是进行殖民侵略 B．发展中国家在全球化中无所作为C．经济全球化加剧了利益的失衡 D．发达国家是全球化的唯一受益者9、孟子主张“父子有亲，君臣有义”，后来又直接提出了“仁之于父子也，义之于君臣也”的观点。
孟子的这些观点A．阐释了“仁政”思想的基本内容 B．使儒学成为秦汉时期治国的指导思想C．强调不分亲疏贵贱的儒家仁义观 D．有利于统治者利用仁义观念巩固统治10、明末的小说几乎社会上各色人等都充当了描写的对象，尤其是市井小民、商贾小贩、工匠世人、贫苦农桑、棋手侠盗也成为小说的主角。
明末小说的这一特征A.反映了市民文学的蓬勃发展 B．表明小说已经成为社会文化的主流C.是小农经济发展的现实反映 D．说明工商业者的社会地位显著提高11、顾炎武说：“君子之为学，以明道也，以救世也。
徒以诗文而已，所谓雕虫篆刻，亦何益哉！”黄宗羲也说：“扶危定倾之心，吾身一日可以未死，吾力一丝有所未尽。
”这说明他们都A．反对君主专制 B．以天下为己任C．提倡公平法治 D．反对宋明理学12、1810年——1910年间中国译著统计表根据表格分析，以下说法正确的有①鸦片战争前西学东渐风气已经出现②洋务运动期间开始接触西方科学③甲午战争后国人更为关注日本社会④民主共和思想在知识阶层广泛传播A．①③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④13、一位学者谈到发生于近代的某一重大历史事件时说道：“一些人以激烈的态度提出‘废除汉字’将线装书统统丢进茅厕里‘不读中国书’等口号——然而有意思的是，喊这些口号的人，却偏偏仍在使用汉字、讲究书法、读线装书……痴迷得紧!”该学者意在A．抨击太平天国运动忽视文化教育 B．批评义和团运动的盲目排外性C．揭露辛亥革命阵营内部旧官僚的虚伪性 D．揭露新文化运动中一些学者的矛盾心态14、美国学者史华慈说：“在苏维埃阶段，毛泽东把全部精力用在湖南和江西农村战略方面，但他承认这是对城市无产阶级运动的辅助。
当毛泽东在西北树立了精神领导权时，他的无产阶级概念已经具有新的内容。
”这里的“新的内容”A.属于新民主主义理论的组成部分B.为即将成立的新中国做了准备C.论述了社会主义革命和建设理论D.阐述了“工农武装割据”革命理论15、“他用精妙的实验证明了物体下落的速度取决于其距离地面的高度，而不是质量。
很多仍然笃信亚里士多德的科学家曾经大肆嘲笑他的观点，但是他的实验让他们更好的理解了地球的重力。
”材料中“他”的研究成果A．引导人们发现了海王星 B．解决了经典力学无法解释的新问题C．受到了文艺复兴的影响 D．是构建现代物理学基础的重要理论16、马丁·路德说：“所有信奉上帝的俗人都有资格出现在上帝面前．为他人作祈祷。
相互传授有关上帝的道理……”路德的观点A．宣扬了人人平等的观念 B．打破了人们对于宗教的迷信C．主张世俗权力高于教权 D．反对罗马教会垄断教义解释17、狄德罗在《百科全书扩理性》条目中指出：“理性，一是指人类认识真理的自然能力，二是指人类的精神不靠信仰的光亮的帮助而能够自然达到一系列的真理。
”这表明启蒙思想家认为①理性是一种天赋的存在②人类社会的发展规律已被揭示③理性是与宗教信仰相对立的人的理智能力④理性具有普遍性，任何国家和民族的人都具备的基本权利A．①④ B．①②③ C．①②④ D．①③④18、“科学革命引发了观念形态的革命：宗教神秘主义的面纱和覆盖真相的无知之幕被理性之手撩开一角，传统的权威受到撼动，人类第一次从对自然恐惧的阴影下走出来，重新审视自身的价值和能力。
”此处“科学革命”的代表人物是A．牛顿 B．达尔文 C．爱因斯坦 D．普朗克19、英国科技史专家丹皮尔在《科学史》中写道：“……把难于成立的信条摧毁，实在是对神学的真正的贡献，不久神学家的领袖和胆怯的教士们，都先后认识到必须把世界的创造看成是一个连续不断的过程，而生命在本质上是一体的。
” 以上省略处的内容应为A.经典力学 B．进化论 C.量子论 D．相对论20、“完全抛弃了自然主义的态度，动摇了西方绘画中以模仿为职能的根基，将绘画引向一个更新奇、更加渗透着强烈情感的主观世界，为20世纪西方现代诸美术流派提供了可资借鉴的范式。
”下列作品中属于文中所述美术流派的是二、非选择题：本大题共5题，满分60分。
21、(11分)读下列材料：材料一令清统治者创痛巨深的鸦片战争是由政府一向漠视的对外贸易问题引起的，于是外贸被夸大地和国家的生存问题联系起来，这就迫使人们去重新估量商业的作用。
(60)代起，先后有王韬、郑观应等人不断鼓吹新的社会价值观，对商业的重视甚至有点夸张。
……这种新的价值观终于在1903年得到官方确认，……于是从传统社会中逐渐分化出一个工商业精英集团——绅商阶层。
——摘编自许纪霖、陈达凯主编《中国现代化史》材料二在19世纪末、20世纪初两次民间投资热潮中，不仅到处闪现着绅商翎顶辉煌的身影，而且在许多工厂和路矿公司中，他们还充任着主要创办人以及投资者和管理者的角色。
下表提供了张謇等绅商创办、投资企业情况（1913年以前）。
——摘编自马敏著《官商之间—社会剧变中的近代绅商》材料三执掌上海总商会领导权力的绅商头面人物和绅商领导体制下的上海商会,一定的历史时期内以其介于官、商之间的特殊社会身份，为消除有碍于商务发展的官商隔阂，沟通官、商联系,曾经起过一些积极的作用。
从解决历史进程中的突出社会矛盾来说，这也是为近代化扫除障碍。
——徐鼎新著《上海总商会史》请回答：（1）据材料一，概括近代绅商阶层形成的主要背景。
结合所学知识，指出19世纪中晚期推动绅商阶层发展的近代化运动。
（4）（2）据材料二，指出晚清绅商推动近代经济发展的具体表现，概括绅商阶层的显著特征。
（4分）（3）据材料三，分析绅商阶层在中国近代社会产生的历史作用。
（3分）22、(12分)阅读下列材料：材料一罗斯福无意发动一场革命，也无意为美国创造一种新的体制机构。
相反，他是在设法医治一个资本主义社会的暂时疾病，通过护理使它恢复健康。
只是因为常规疗法再也不能奏效，他才试用了试验性疗法。
——（美）内森米勒《罗斯福正传》材料二 1945年底，(英国)议会通过大英银行国有化法案，1946年开始实施煤炭工业国有化。
法国(20世纪60年代)鼓励和积极推进科技进步和全民教育事业，不惜投入巨额资金发展高科技产业和支持科学研究活动，国家投资开办职工职业培训工作。
1949年，美国总统杜鲁门正式提出“公平施政”的政策纲领，把过去各种建议合并起来，形成一个更广泛、更系统、更具体的计划。
——摘编自吴于廑·齐世荣主编《世界史》材料三英国撒切尔夫人执政11年间一反传统的经济政策，率先在西方国家中推行以现代货币主义为中心的新经济政策，人们通常称这付药方为撒切尔主义。
它首先对付结构性经济危机，重新倡导资本主义自由经营和私人首创精神。
——摘编自黄安年《评撒切尔夫人治理“英国病”》请回答：（1）根据材料一，指出“资本主义社会的暂时疾病”是什么？罗斯福的“试验性疗法”使得美国的经济制度发生了怎样的转变。
（3分）（2）根据材料二，概括二战后初期欧美国家发展经济的方式。
结合所学知识，指出这一时期西方资本主义国家经济政策的理论来源。
（4分）（3）根据材料三并结合所学知识，指出当时英国结构性经济危机的具体表现，为此英国撒切尔政府采取的主要措施有哪些？（5分）23、(12分)阅读下列材料：材料一文艺复兴只限于社会上的少数英才——学者、文人和艺术家的活动，但是它所宣扬的思想不啻是向长期以来在基督教神学笼罩下陷于沉闷窒息的西欧社会送来的一股清新的气息，把绝大部分有文化教养的人士从中世纪的昏睡中唤醒过来。