2009级国际私法英语复习资料3

international private law is one of the departments of law, which adjusts international civil and commercial[kə'mə:ʃəl] relations between equal parties with direct and indirect means in order to solve the conflicts of law(法律冲突).

国际私法是以直接规范和间接的规范来调整平等主体之间的国际民商事关系并解决涉外民商事关系法律冲突的法律部门。

Characterization: the process（['prəuses]过程）in which a court must initially（[ɪ'nɪʃəlɪ]最初、开始）determining the nature of the problem submitted（[səb'mit] 提交、呈递）; otherwise（否则）, it will not know which choice-of-law rule to apply to the case.

识别是一个法院必须从最开始决定所提交案件性质的过程，否则，法院将不知道选择何种法律规范来解决案件。

conflict rules: the rules decide what law is to govern['ɡʌvən] in a special case by domestic（[dəˈmɛstɪk] 国内的）legislation（[ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən] 立法）or international treaties。

冲突规范是由国内立法或者国际条约规定的，决定某个案适用何种法律的规范。Renvoi[ren'vɔi]: “sending back”, the doctrine under which a court in resorting to foreign law adopts as well the foreign law’s conflict-of-laws principles, which may in turn refer to the court back to the law of forum. 反致，又称sending back ，是指法院在适用外国法以及外国法的冲突法规则时，而该外国法中的规范又指回法院地法的原则。

Reservation of public order is principles and standards regarded by the legislation or by the courts as being of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of society.

公共秩序保留（公共秩序）是指由立法或者法院确立的作为国家和整个社会解决最基本问题的原则和标准。

Legal act: an act that is intended to create, transfer or extinguish a right and that is effective in law for that purpose.

法律行为是指以创立、改变或者消灭民事权利义务为目的，并因该意思表示发生法律效力的行为。

Agency: a fiduciary[fɪˌduʃiˌɛri] relationship created by express or implied contract or by law, in which one party ( the agent ) may act on behalf of another party ( the principal ) and bind that other party by words or actions. fiduciary[fɪˌduʃiˌɛri] adj. 基于信任的

代理是根据合同或者法律以明示或者默示的方式建立的一种信任关系。在这个关系中，代理人以被代理人的名义通过语言或者行动实施代理行为，且其行为效力直接及于被代理人的一种制度。

Expropriation: Expropriation in its strict sense usually concerns individual transfers of ownership. This expropriation usually takes place for reasons of general interest and is done properly when it is coupled with compensation, determined by the executive power and, if necessary, approved by the judiciary.Expropriation [ɛk’spropriˌetʃən] 征收in one’s strict sense 在严格意义上

征用：严格意义上的征用通常涉及个人（财产）所有权的转让。这种征用的发生通常是基于公共利益的原因并在加之补偿下正确的完成，并且征用由行政力量来决定，必要时须经司法机关批准。

National Treatment means that the legal status of a foreigner is the same to a domestic citizen.

国民待遇是指外国人的法律地位和内国人相同。

conflict of laws: A difference between the laws of different states or countries in a case in which a transaction or occurrence to the case has a