音标教材(适合小升初)

48个国际音标：单元音长元音[i:] [ə:] [כ:] [u:] [a:]元（12）短元音[i ] [ə] [כ] [u ] [Λ] [æ] [e]音双元音（8）[ai] [ei] [כI] [iə] [εə] [əu] [uə] [au]清浊成对清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts]辅音（20）浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [з][dз][dr] [dz] 辅鼻音（3）[m] [n] [ŋ]音似拼音（3）[h] [r] [l]半元音（2）[j] [w]音节开音节和闭音节音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由一个元音音标单独构成，或者由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine2)辅音+元音如：he hi go no do be hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音如：sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2)元音+辅音如：it is of in on up out ant一．掌握[p] [b][t] [d][k] [g][i][i:][ə][ə:] 的发音及写法二．p一般发音为：/p/。

比如：piggy,pear,peach,pig,play etc.b一般发音为：/b/。

比如：bike,bad,boy,bed etc.t一般发音为：/t/。

比如：ten,twelve,hat,sweater,T-shirt etc.d一般发音为：/d/。

比如：dog,dance,doll,duck etc.k一般发音为：/k/。

比如：kill, kite,cook,park etc.一般在词尾ck /k/ ,比如：duck,sock, black,jacket,chickench /k/ ,比如：school,Christmas,headachec有两种发音：/k/。

比如：cake,can,carrot,clap,clever,cow,card,cat,come,colormusic,picture.或/s/。

比如：rice,cite,city.g一般发音为：/g/。

比如：grandpa,green, grape,good,egg .[i] 发音字母i ：fish,big,six,milk,swim,swing,sister,little,give,is,it,Miss,pigpink,rabbit,ring,in,visit,window发音字母a : orange发音字母e : eleven,jacket-y : happy,party,story,family,eighty,hobbyey : monkey[i:] e : me,we,he,she,these,zebra字母组合ee : green, jeep,meet,queen, see, seesaw,three,feet, sheep,need,sweet,knee字母组合ea: ice cream,please,teacher,read,peach, meat字母组合ie ei : piece,believe,thief,receive[ə] a : banana,umbrella,animal,away,zebra,abouto : carrot,lion,melon, tomorrowe : open字母组合or : color字母组合er : rooster,ruler,clever,teacher,farmer,hamburger,sweater [ə:] 字母组合ir :bird,girl,skirt, shirt,thirty,thirteen,third,sir字母组合ur : hamburger,Thursday字母组合or : work,word字母组合ear : earth,early,learnכ:][u] [u:] 的发音及写法] [一．掌握[f] [v] [θ] [ð] [כ二． f一般发音为：/f/。

比如：fine,five,fly,forth, fox,fan,frog,floor etc.ph/f/,比如：phone, photo,physics,elephant,laughgh/f/,比如：enough,coughv一般发音为：/v/。

比如：vase,visit,very,seven,eleven, twelve,clever,wave, love,give,five.th /θ/,比如：thank,three,mouth, birthday,third,math, tooth, teeth/ ð/ 比如：they, this, that,then,there, those,father,mother,brother[כ] 发音字母a : what,watch,wash发音字母o : hot,dog,stop,frog, not,orange,doll,fox,long,on, sock,story,off字母组合or : tomorrow[כ:] 字母组合al : all,small,tall,ball字母组合or : horse,short, morning ,for ,forty,Sports Day字母组合oor : door, floor字母组合aw : draw,seesaw字母组合our : four,your字母组合au : August,Australian字母组合ore : before字母组合oar : board[u] 发音字母o : wolf,woman发音字母u : put, full,beautiful字母组合oo : book, good, foot, look,wool, cook[u:] 发音字母u : blue,ruler发音字母o : who,whose,shoe字母组合oo : noodles,rooster,zoo,too,school字母组合ou : you一．掌握[s] [z] [ts] [dz] [Λ] [a:] 的发音及写法二．s一般发音为：/s/。

比如：say,sing,sister,stop,seesaw,sweet etc.或/z/。

比如：visit,nose,present,use,music,please c有两种发音：/k/。

比如：cake,card,clever,cap.或/s/。

比如：face,nice,dance, pencil,rice,city,policeman.z一般发音为：/z/。

比如：zebra,zoo, size,zerots [ts] cats, boats, rabbits, carrots, hats, shirts, skirts, kites, robots, Sports Day ds [dz] cards, birds, beds, hands, heads, friends, goods, woods[Λ] 发音字母o : brother,color,come, love, monkey, mother ,some,son 发音字母u : duck,must,number,umbrella,but,jump,run,uncle,us,buslunch字母组合ou : touch, young, enough[α:] 发音字母a : afternoon,banana,dance,father,grandma,grandpa, class,grass, basket字母组合ar : card, star, arm, art, farm,large, park, garden, car, Marchare一．掌握[tr] [dr] [e] [æ] 的发音及写法二．tr [tr] train,tree,try,trick,true,tripdr [dr] draw,dress,drink,dream,driver,hundred[e] e : egg,red,ten,hen,pen,pencil,let,pet,yes,hello,seven,yellow,bend,clever,leg,melon,next,present,eleven,twelve,friend,when,bella : many字母组合ea : head, ready, sweater[æ] a在闭音节中:bag,apple,hat,black,cat,carrot,rabbit,clap,can,hand,and, am,have,ant,family,happy,glad,stamp,animal,hamburger,grandpa,grandma一．掌握[∫] [з] [t∫] [dз] [ei] [ai] 的发音及写法二．sh/∫/,比如：she,fish,ship,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,short,English, sheep,shoe.s /∫/, sures[з] : usallych/t∫/,比如：peach, touch,teacher, chair, lunch, ,China, childrentch/t∫/,比如：catch,match,watch,kitchen.dge/dз/,比如：bridge,knowledge.ge/dз/,比如：orange,large,fridge, age,page.j/dз/,比如：jeep,jacket,jump,just,subject,juice[ei] 发音字母a : cake,vase,pencil-case,grape,make,name,wave,lake,take,faceplane,baby字母组合ay : lay,play,may,say,day,X-ray,away字母组合ey : they字母组合ai : wait,rain,train,E-mail,afraid字母组合ei : eight字母组合ea : great,break[ai] 发音字母i : fine,five,hi, kite,lion,ice cream,idea, nice,nine, white, bikelike, ride,size,slide发音字母y : bye, my,buy, eye, fly, try, shy字母组合igh : light, right, night, high一．掌握[h] [r] [l] [כI] [iə] 的发音及写法二．h一般发音为：/h/。