音标教材(适合小升初)

48个国际音标：

单元音长元音[i:] [ə:] [כ:] [u:] [a:]

元（12）短元音[i ] [ə] [כ] [u ] [Λ] [æ] [e]

音双元音（8）[ai] [ei] [כI] [iə] [εə] [əu] [uə] [au]

清浊成对清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts]

辅音（20）浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [з][dз][dr] [dz] 辅鼻音（3）[m] [n] [ŋ]

音似拼音（3）[h] [r] [l]

半元音（2）[j] [w]

音节开音节和闭音节

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节: 由一个元音音标单独构成，或者由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.

辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.

开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine

2)辅音+元音如：he hi go no do be hello

闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音如：sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head

2)元音+辅音如：it is of in on up out ant

一．掌握[p] [b][t] [d][k] [g][i][i:][ə][ə:] 的发音及写法

二．p一般发音为：/p/。比如：piggy,pear,peach,pig,play etc.

b一般发音为：/b/。比如：bike,bad,boy,bed etc.

t一般发音为：/t/。比如：ten,twelve,hat,sweater,T-shirt etc.

d一般发音为：/d/。比如：dog,dance,doll,duck etc.

k一般发音为：/k/。比如：kill, kite,cook,park etc.一般在词尾

ck /k/ ,比如：duck,sock, black,jacket,chicken

ch /k/ ,比如：school,Christmas,headache

c有两种发音：/k/。比如：cake,can,carrot,clap,clever,cow,card,cat,come,color

music,picture.

或/s/。比如：rice,cite,city.

g一般发音为：/g/。比如：grandpa,green, grape,good,egg .

[i] 发音字母i ：fish,big,six,milk,swim,swing,sister,little,give,is,it,Miss,pig

pink,rabbit,ring,in,visit,window

发音字母a : orange

发音字母e : eleven,jacket

-y : happy,party,story,family,eighty,hobby

ey : monkey

[i:] e : me,we,he,she,these,zebra

字母组合ee : green, jeep,meet,queen, see, seesaw,three,feet, sheep,need,

sweet,knee

字母组合ea: ice cream,please,teacher,read,peach, meat

字母组合ie ei : piece,believe,thief,receive

[ə] a : banana,umbrella,animal,away,zebra,about

o : carrot,lion,melon, tomorrow

e : open

字母组合or : color

字母组合er : rooster,ruler,clever,teacher,farmer,hamburger,sweater [ə:] 字母组合ir :bird,girl,skirt, shirt,thirty,thirteen,third,sir

字母组合ur : hamburger,Thursday

字母组合or : work,word

字母组合ear : earth,early,learn

כ

:][u] [u:] 的发音及写法

] [

一．掌握[f] [v] [θ] [ð] [כ

二． f一般发音为：/f/。比如：fine,five,fly,forth, fox,fan,frog,floor etc.

ph/f/,比如：phone, photo,physics,elephant,laugh

gh/f/,比如：enough,cough

v一般发音为：/v/。比如：vase,visit,very,seven,eleven, twelve,clever,wave, love,give,five.

th /θ/,比如：thank,three,mouth, birthday,third,math, tooth, teeth

/ ð/ 比如：they, this, that,then,there, those,father,mother,brother

[כ] 发音字母a : what,watch,wash

发音字母o : hot,dog,stop,frog, not,orange,doll,fox,long,on, sock,story,off

字母组合or : tomorrow

[כ:] 字母组合al : all,small,tall,ball

字母组合or : horse,short, morning ,for ,forty,Sports Day

字母组合oor : door, floor