(完整word版)凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷作文(含范文)

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凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译中译英）[全文5篇]

凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译中译英）[全文5篇]第一篇：凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷真题(翻译中译英) 2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译/中译英）TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.他们中谁可能担任过排球教练？（may）参考译文：Which one of them may have coached a volleyball team?Which one of them may have acted as a volleyball coach?2.我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。

（make for）参考译文：I saw him put on his walking shoes and make for the lawn.I saw him change into hiking boots and make for the lawn.3.妈妈给自己设闹钟六小时响一次，以提醒她为宝宝量体温。

（reminder）参考译文：Mom sets the alarm clock to ring every six hours as a reminder for herself to take the baby’s temperature.Mom sets the alarm clock，ringing every six hours，as a reminder to take her baby’s temperature.4.在这个村庄，他们吃饭只吃八分饱，但这个健康的饮食习惯最开始是为了解决食物短缺。

（until）参考译文：People in this village usually have their meals until they are eight full, but this healthy eating habits originally aimed to/intended to solve/deal with the shortage of food.In this village, people usually have their meals until they are eight full, but this healthy eating habits originally aimed to/intended to solve/deal with the shortage of food.第二篇：凯文老师,2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷(中译英1) 2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译2018年上海市虹口区高三英语一模试卷 V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.熬夜大大影响健康。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷以及答案（包括一篇范文）

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷以及答案（包括一篇范文）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷第I卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

2018年上海高考英语真题试卷(word版,含听力原文)

绝密★启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分140 分，考试时间120 分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.（）1. A. In a grocery B. In a cafe.C. At a tailor’s.D. At a toy shop（）2. A. He is pleased with his job.B. He is not satisfied with his work.C. He finds the huge workload unbearable.D. He finds his office much too big for him.（）3.A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK. B. He is most probablyjumping from the desk.C. He is most probably repairing the desk.D. He is most probably changing the bulb.（）4. A. £ 200. B. £ 300. C. £ 600. D. £700. （）5. A. It's difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes theinterview.B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview.C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others.D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job. （）6. A. The man drinks too much wine.B. The man drinks little wine.C. The bed is too soft.D. The bed is too hard.（）7. A. He may change the shirt because it's too large.B. He may change the shirt because it's too small.C. He doesn't like the color of the shirt.D. He likes the shirt.（）8. A. To put him to another flight. B. To arrange the next flight.C. To take him to somewhere.D. To arrange his accommodation. （）9. A. The news on TV.B. Many people came to the new hotel.C. It is difficult for people to find a job.D. The man still has got a job.（）10. A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics.B. The woman is good at physics.C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly.D. The man can't understand the physics problem.Section BDirections: In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.（）11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England.（）12. A. Visitors shouldn't overlook it because it suffered a lot in history.B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation.C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it.D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty. （）13. A. Florida's Atlantic coast.B. St. Augustine's history.C. Spanish control over Florida.D. Spanish history.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk. （）14. A. A lost property office in Europe.B. A lost property office in London.C. A lost property office in Tokyo.D. Paul Cowan's office.（）15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London.B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan's team.C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners.D. Twenty percent of the lost items are claimed in three months’ time. （）16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless.B. Because they have already bought new shoes.C. Because they would like to get a new pair.D. Because they can't find their lost shoes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. （）17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house.B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends.C. She is most probably looking for a house.D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house.（）18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A wine storage area.C. The floor covering.D. The relaxing colors of the wall.（）19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high.C. The price is low.D. The offer is unfair.（）20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable.B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom.C. The inside of the house is better than the outside.D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain 's cortex -the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it 21(cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time 22we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot ,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is 23the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.”The problem isn't just screens 24 , but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization . (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise 25 habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is 26(bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while 27(protect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents 28 complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study 29 (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models , the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids- 30 it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.21. 26. Section B 22.27.23.28.24.29.25.30.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Some Very “American” Words Come from ChineseOn a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed fromother languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese.Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin.Let’s start with kowtow. kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems 31 . It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the ac t of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to 32— such as emperors , elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain 's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to 33_ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his 34to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement . After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through 35 between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The C hinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyèhézuòshè— means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development.Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “. .... a ll the soldiers 36 themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had 37 ........ In 1942 , he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion .” From then, the word gung -ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and 38storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung -ho. And not all historical accounts are the same . But , according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the Englishlanguage were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood . The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon.Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word's 39 to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word — typhoon — was influenced by the Cantonese but_40 to make it appear more Greek.31.36.32.37.33.38.34.39.35.40.III.ReadingComprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends , they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. 41 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 42.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development , found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver 's license , who have tried alcohol , who date , and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976 , with the most precipitous 43 in the past decade . The declines appeared across race, geographic , and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban , and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities , but the 44 have slimmed considerably, Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible , or more lazy, or more boring , “but they 're 45 the larger trend ,” said Jean Twenge , lead author of the study , which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans . Rather, she said, kids may be less 46 in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today' s society.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's “life strategy” slows down or speeds up depending on his or her 47 , exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable ” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 48effect , the study said . In the first 49 , “You 'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more 50 and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of “iGen ; Why Today ’s Super -Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious , More Tolerant , Less Happy — and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood.A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent , “the goal back then was survival , not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 51about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said.But America is shifting more toward the 52model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully 53 has really sunk in.” The 54of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the 55 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.（）41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides（）42. A. childhood B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood（）43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes（）44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts（）45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing（）46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized（）47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits（）48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar（）49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion（）50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases（）51. A. respectively B. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerably（）52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster （）53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated （）54. A. implement B. postponementC. achievementD. payment（）55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. resultSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently , the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that : A modern invention . Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally , and bartering was common . (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks , like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world 's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum , objects other than coins have served as currency , including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copperwere used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period , tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia , Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination . On Malaita , the most - populated island that ’s part of the Solomon Islands , shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita , told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more, For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.Just like a mint that creates coins , there ' s only one place on the island where the shells , which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s , but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies , there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades . It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed , strung -together shells , but what is a pile of dollars ? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells.（）56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.（）57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to“”.A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency（）58. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money? A.Reasonable. B. Imaginary. C.Convenient. D. Inventive.（）59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A.The History of Bitcoin B. Shells Still Money C.The Currency Is of Great Use D. Some Shells(B)How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia?The logistics of excavating（挖掘）and relocating town’s century-old, living sequoia(红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer( 针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president — and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1.Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp.2.In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3.By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4.There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.ing the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6.The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7.The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8.For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.（）60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "stood in the way of"?A. ResistedB. BalancedC. Blocked.D. Promoted. （）61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.（）62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with? A.They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.(C)Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self- evident and a third that is not.The budget line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however , this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept : the line-item budget . This is effectively a map of future expenditures , with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There' s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified,The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above —a consumer 's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend , In the example below , assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each , then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books — the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme — all crime novels and no movies . Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest , leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.（）63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A.It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B.Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C.It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D.It can be expressed as a mathematical. equation.（）64. What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B.To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C.To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D.To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.（）65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A.The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B.The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C.You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies.D.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.（）66. What is the best title of this passage?A.Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B.The Budget Line as an Economics Concept.C.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD.The Complex Concept- Budget LineSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of wide subjects.B.Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C.Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D.Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E.Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F.Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of styleMagazine Articles More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines . Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. 67 Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit。

2018上海高考试题及答案-英语.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protoco l explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the ina ppropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Fareastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

【高考模拟】2018上海高考压轴卷英语Word版含解析

【高考模拟】2018上海高考压轴卷英语Word版含解析绝密?启封前KS5U2018上海市高考压轴卷英语考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷(第1,12页)和第II卷(第13页)，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. 2 liters. B. 13 liters. C. 26 liters. D. 52 liters.2. A. In an English class. B. In a swimming pool.C. On a bus.D. In a sporting goods store.3. A. By bus. B. By underground. C. By taxi. D. By car.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Employer and Employee. D. Salesman and customer.5. A. Have a lesson. B. Take a test.C. See a film.D. Go to bed.6. A. Difficult. B. Memorable.C. Uninteresting.D. Worthwhile.7. A. She wants a bottle of juice. B. She’d like some alcohol.C. The red wine in this bar is perfect.D. The location of the bar is unknow n. 8. A. An excellent résumé. B. An entry form.C. A job offer.D. The position of system engineer.9. A. It’s famous. B. It’s professional.C. It’s expensive.D. It’s cheating.10. A. The 26-month-old baby is always busy watching videos.B. TV and vi deos may hurt a child’s language development.C. Nothing can replace parents in kids’ language development.D. Children usually watch TV too passively to learn something.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passageswill be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. A. Encouraging. B. Dishonest. C. Interesting. D. Nervous. 12. A. How to start his own business. B. How to develop a real interest.C. How to speak to a woman bravely.D. How to balance his study and work. 13. A. He has too loose a schedule. B. He loves the feeling with students.C. He is dissatisfied with his current job.D. He wants to determine his future development.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Kids threw litter everywhere.B. The camp director gave rude orders.C. Some mysterious plastic litter was found.D. Kids’ joint efforts led to a clean camp.15. A. By taking pictures of litter he picked up.B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up.D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day. 16.A. There is strength in numbers.B. Birds can help to pick up litter.C. Litter is artistic and approachable.D. More straws should be used in the café.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. To enable students to reject violence.B. To help students face struggles more properly.C. To improve students’ health.D. To eliminate poverty more effectively.18. A. How to calm down by talking to experts.B. How to clear their mind throughout the day.C. How to make their teachers happy.D. How to respond to situations better.19. A. More students dropped out last year.B. There is less bad behavior on campus.C. Students are less responsible for their study.D. More students are willing to be sent to the office. 20. A. Its effect remains to be seen.B. Everyone can benefit from it.C. It helps to get rid of poverty to some extent.D. There is enough evidence to show its significance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , thwent early to his office on the 78 floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever ___21____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog ___22____(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.―Forward,‖ Machael instructed , and they descended the first of1,463 steps to thelobby.___23____ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded andhot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn‘t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ___24_____she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.th Around the 30 floor, firefighters started passing Michael ontheir way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, __25___ (provide) many of the firefighters with ____26___ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached __27___booby ,and 15 minutes ater ,they emerged outside to a scene of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as lthe South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle‘s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and ―a deafening roar‖ like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were___28____(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ___29___ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.― I ___30___ (have) many other dogs ,‖ Mechael wrote , ―but there is only one Roselle.‖Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. catalogB. barelyC. freeD. self-consciousnessE. prospectsF. compulsoryG. droppedH. assignedI. certifiedJ. totallyK. transferFor thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages,journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of everymarital and maternal status returning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get our general education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.)―By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot‘sdean‘s list taking classes Iloved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the firsthour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology,killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course,―The College Reading Experience.‖ The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear andconcise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70‘s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. Shelived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shopfor a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It‘s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 41 . And it‘s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wagessteadily 42 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的)wages across the labor market, the language-service industry withits 50,000 jobs is a 43 spotin the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and isroutinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There‘s tons of 44 pressure.‖In some cases, a(n) 45 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user‘s guide for medical eq uipment is not translated well, it could lead to 46 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 47 .Translators‘ and interpreters‘ immunity (免疫力) to the nation‘s economic downturn also 48the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 49 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association. Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raisethe need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 50to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language. ―As more people 51 the worldwide economy, that‘s going todrive more commerce, and that‘s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, exec utive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.52 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not assimple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 53 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpretersmaintain a 54 , such as legaldocuments, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry. Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate 55 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.41(A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy42(A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained43(A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough44(A. money B. peer C. blood D. time45(A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative46(A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion47(A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state48(A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists49(A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to50(A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored51(A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on 52(A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise53(A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile54(A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty55(A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of theparticipants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best." The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video fromeach camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind ofslow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviourafterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself inanother's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really niceway to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."56(The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting57(We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes58(In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them59(It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly(B)Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical areaof Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the mostcomprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.60. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn‘t include______.A. AfricaB. AustraliaC. the South AmericaD. Britain61. The earliest collection is from ______.A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasB. The Department of AsiaC. The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresD. All of the above62. The Department of Asia represents ______.A. the geographic features of AsiaB. the relationships between Asian countriesC. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesD. the cultural fights between some native groups(C)―Does my smile look big in this?‖ Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtlyadjust your reflection to make you look ? and hence feel ? happier, encouraging you to likewhat you see.That‘s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleaguesat the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ? that laughter comes beforehappiness, rather than the other way around ? is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ? as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked themto sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers‘ emotional state wouldinfluence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smilingwere less likely. The system could be used to manipulateconsumers‘ impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.―It‘s certainly an interesting area,‖ says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. ―Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,‖ he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. ―You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?‖ says Creed. ―But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.‖63(What‘s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one‘s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one‘s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.64(What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers‘ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beauti fied the volunteers‘ appearance in the mirror.65(What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people‘s ex pressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.66(What does Creed‘s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer .___________67_______________Forexample , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . Toincrease levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people‘s wish of participating from an internal factor(e.g.,‘I volunteer because it‘simportant to me‖) to an external factor(e.g., ? I volunteer because I‘m required to do so .‖) . When that happens people become lesslikely to volunteer in the future._________68______________ Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.____69______ the researchers note that attention should be given to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide themwith strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.‖Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role.______70________ .Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .‖ ― Consistent with the researchers ― expectations, they found a positive correlation betw een the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:‖ Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.‖A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain ofelectronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster thantraditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver .A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher inSo-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finishedproducts . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) itcame in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that ― th eproduction , distribution , and use of products ------as well as management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.‖ Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recyclingIn many countries the concept of the extended producerresponsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments‘ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments‘ point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs。

2018年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版(含解析)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)考生注意：答题前•务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名•并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位直上•在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I.LiStening COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: In SeCtiOn A, you Will hear ten ShOrt conversations between two SPeakerS・ At the end Of each COnVerSation, a question WilI be asked about WhOt WaS said. The conversations and the questions Will be SPOken Only OnCe・ After you hear a COnVerSatiOn and the question about it, read the four POSSible answers On your paper; and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1 ・ A. In a grocery r B. In a Cafe・C. At a tailor s.D. At a toy ShOP( )2. A. He is PleaSed With his job.B.He is not SatiSfied With his WOrk・C.He finds the huge WOrklOad UnbCarable・D.He finds his OffiCe InUCh too big for him.( )3.A・ He is InOSt PrObably CheCking Whether everything is OK.B.He is InOSt PrObablyjUmPing from the desk・C.He is most PrObably repairing the desk・D.He is InOSt PrObably Changing the bulb・( )4. A. £200. B. £300. J C. £600・ D. £700.( )5. A. IFs difficult for the WOman to get the job if She takes the inten f iew.B.ThC WOman Can get the job if She takes the interview.C.The WOman has IeSS ChanCe to get the job than OtherS・D.The WOlnan ShOUld WOrk harder from now On if She WantS to get the job.( )6. A. The man drinks t∞ InUCh Wine・B.ThC man drinks Iittle Wine・C.The bed is t∞ soft.D.The bed is too hard・( )7. A. He may Change the Shirt because it,s too Iarge・B.He may Change the Shirt because it,s too SmalI・C.He doesn't Iike the COlOr Of the shirt.D.He IikeS the shirt.( )& A. TO PUt him to another flight.B.TO arrange the next flight.C.TO take him to SOmeWhere・D.TO arrange his accommodation.( )9. A. The news On TV.B.Many PeOPle Canle to the new hotel.C.It is difficult for PeOPle to find a job.D.The man Still has got a job.( )10. A. The WOman thinks it easy to Ieanl PhySiCS・B.ThC WOman is good at PhySiCS.C.ThC man thinks PrOfeSSOr Smith explained the PhySiCS PrOblenl Very Clearly.D.The man can,t UnderStand the PhySiCS problem.SeCtiOn BDirections: In SeCtiOn B you Will hear two ShOrt passages, and One IOnger conversation ,after each PaSSage・ The PaSSageS Or COnVerSatiOn you WiIl be asked SeVeral questions, the PaSSageS and the COnVerSatiOn WilI be read twice, but the questions WiII be SPOken Only OnCe・ When you hear a question, read the four POSSible answers On your PaPer and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.QUeStiOnS 11 through 13 are based On the following PaSSage・( )11∙ A. SPain. B. FranCe C. AmeriCa D. England・( )12・ A. ViSitOrS ShOllldnI OVerlOOk it because it SUffered a IOt in history.B.Saint AUgUStine is the OIdeSt City in the nation.C.FlOrida WaS ruled by SPaniSh Until the UnitCd StateS took OVer it.D.ManyViSitOrS SUPPOrt the Florida's COaSt recovery for its beauty.( )13. A. Florida,s AtlantiC coast.B.St. Augustine1S history.C.SPaniSh COntrOl OVer FlOrida.D.SPaniSh history・QUeStiOnS 14 through 16 are based On the following talk・( )14. A. A IOSt PrOPCrty OffiCe in EUrOPe・B. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in LOndOn・C. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in TOkyo.D.PaUl Cowan,s office.( )15・ A. LOSt items become the PrOPerty Of transport for LOndOn.B.LOSt items are taken good Care Of by COWan,s team・C.AlnlOSt all Of the IOSt items Were returned to their OWnerS・D.TWenty PerCent Of the IOSt items are CIamled iιι three months' tmιe.( )16・ A. BeCaUSe they think their IOSt ShOeS are USeleSS.B.BeCaUSe they have already bought new ShOeS・C.BeCaUSe they WOUld Iike to get a new pair.D.BeCaUSe they can,t find their IOSt ShOeS・QUeStiOnS 17 through 20 are based On the following COnVerSatiOn・( )17・ A. She is HlOSt PrObabIy bargaining for a house.B.ShC is InOSt PrObably ViSiting One Of her friends・C.ShC is most PrObably IOOking for a house・D.She is most PrObably COntaCting her bank for a house・( )18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A Wine StOrage area.C.ThC floor COVering・D.The relaxing COlOrS Of the wall.B.The PriCe is too high.D.The Offer is unfair.19. A. The PriCe is reasonable.( )20. A. The WOman Will buy the house because the PriCe isreasonable・B.ThC house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom・C.Tlle inside Of the house is better than the OUtSide・D.The WOlnan IikeS the house SO much that She Will buy it.II.Grammar and VOCabUIarySeCtiOn ADireCtions: After reading the PaSSageS below, fill in the blanks to make r the PaSSageS COherent and grammatically COrreCt FOr the blanks With a given word, fill in each blank With the PrOPer form Of the given word; for the Other blanks, USe One WOrCl that best fits each blank ・A COmPrehenSiVe StUdy Of 4, 500 Children COndUCted by the NatiOnal InStitUteS Of Health in 2018ShOWS that Children WhO SPent more than SeVen hours a day Staring at SCreens ShOWed evidenee Of PrematUre thinning Of their brain's COrte×-the OUter Iayer that PrOCeSSeS SenSOry information. "We don't know if it _____ 21 ___ (CaUSe) by the SCreen time・ We don't know yet if it's bad thing・ It WorVt beUntil We follow them OVer time _______ 22 ____ We WiIl See if there are OUtCOmeS that are associated Withthe differences that We l re Seeing in this Single Snapshot∕ Dr. Gaya DOWIing・"What We Can Say is that this is __________ 23 ____the brains IOOk Iike Of kids WhO SPend a IOt Of time On SCreenS・ And it's not just One pattern/'The PrObIem isn't just SCreens 24 » but also the Way SCreenS tempt kids (and adults) away from SOmething far more important: PhySiCal activity・ MOre than 23 PerCent Of adults and 80 PerCent Of adolescents don,t get enOugh PhySiCal activity, and according to a 2019 report from the WOrld HeaIth Organization・(WHO), these PatternS Of activity and rest arise ___________________________________________________ 25 __ habits We develop early "What We really need to do is _________ 26 _____ (bring) back PIay for ChiIdrer√" SayS Dr. JUanain IifeZa WHO SPeCialiSt in ChildhOOd ObeSity and PhySiCal activity, in a Statement about new WHO guidelines WiIliamSOnzissued in APril 2019・ ThiS is about making the Shift from Sedentary time to playtime, While 27 (PrOteCt) SIeeP・ Of COUrSeChildren aren't COmPIeteIy to blame for their SCreenzaddiction ・Sometimes, the Parents ________ 28 ___ COmPIain about the role Of SCreens in family Iife are just asguilty Of SPending too much time in front Of one. A 2016 StUdy ________ 29 ____ (COndUCt) by COmmOn SGnSeMedia found that ParentS SPend UP to nine hours a day in front Of SCreens，mostly not for WOrk-related reasOns. WhiIe 78 PerCent Of ParentS Said they believed they Were good SCreen time role models, the StUdy found a discOnnect between their behavior and their PerCePtiOn Of their behavior. ParentS need to Iimit SCreen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ________________________________________ 30 ____ it means PIaying the bad guy.OUr mental and PhySiCal health depends On it.21. ____________ 22. _______________ 23. _____________ 24. ________________ 25. _______________2& _____________ 27.________________ 2& _______________ 29. ________________ 30. _______________SeCtiOn BDireCtions: FiIl in each blank With a PrOPer WOrd ChOSen from the box. EaCh WOrel Can be USed OnlySOnIe VerV αAmerican^ WOrdS COme from ChmeSeVWe WiIl On a recent program, We told you the StOrieS Of English WOrdS borrowed from Other IangUageS・ TOdayrtell you abOUt WOrdS that English HaS taken from Chinese・Many Of the ChineSe WOrdS that are now Part Of English Were borrowed IOng ago. They are most Often from CantOnese Or Other ChineSe IangUageS rather than Mandarin.Let⅛ Start With kowtow.kowtowThe EngIiSh WOrd kowtow is a Verb that means to agree too easily to do What SOmeOne else WantS you to do, Or to Obey SOmeOne With POWer in a Way that SeemS _____________________________ 31 ____ ・ It COmeS from the CantOneSe WOrd kau tau, WhiCh means "knock your head." It refers to the act Of kneeling and IOWering OnJS HeaCl as a Sign Of respect to __________________ 32 ___ — SUCh as emperors, elders and IeaderS・ In the CaSe OfBritair√s King GeOrge III emperors, the act required the PerSOn to touch their head to the ground・ In 1793zSent LOrd GeOrge MaCartney and Other trade ambassadors to China to __________________________ 33 ___ a trade agreement・ The ChineSe asked them to kowtow to the QianIOng Emperor. AS the StOry goes, LOrd MaCartney refused for his ________________________ 34 ___ to do more than bend their knees・ He Said that WaS all they Were required to do for their OWn king・It is not SUrPriSing. then. that MaCartney Ieft China WithOUt negotiating the trade agreement. After that, CritiCS USed the WOrd kowtow When anyone WaS too SUbmiSSiVe to China. Today, the USage has no COnneCtiOn to China, nor any SPeCifiC POIitiCal COnneCtiOn.gung-hoAnOther borrowed WOrd that Came about through __________ 35 ____ between two nations is gung-ho. InEngIiSh・ the WOrd gung∙ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing SOmething. The ChineSe CharaCterS zz gδng,z and a h6,' together mean ZZ WOrk together, COOPerate/' The Original term —gδngy⅛ h6zuδsh(i — means ChineSe IndUStrial COOPeratiVeS. The OrganiZatiOnS Were established in the 1930s by WeSternerS in China to PrOmOte industrial and economic development.Lt・ COlOnel EVanS CarISOn Of the United StateS Marine^ COrPS- ObSerVed these COOPeratiVeS WhiIe he WaS in China. He WaS impressed, Saying "•…all the SOldierS _______________ 36 ____ themselves to One idea and WOrked together to PUt that idea over/ He then began IlSing the term gung∙ho in the Marine COrPS to try to Create the Same SPlrit he had ____________________ 37 ___ ・ In 1942, He USed the WOrd as a training SIOgan for the2nd Marine Raider BattaliOn during WOrId War II. The men Were Often CaIIed the Zz GUng H O Battalion/' FrOm ther‰its meaning has no relation to the military.the WOrd gung-ho SPread as a SIOgan the Marine COrPS・ TOdayztyphoonIn EngliSha typhoon is a Very POWerfUl and _________ 38 ___ StOrm that OCCUrS around the China Seafand in the SOUth PaCifiC・ The WOrd history Of typhoon had a far IeSS ClireCt Path to the English IangUage than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the Same・ But, according to the Merriam-WebSter NeW BOOk Of WOrd Histories, the first typhoOnS reported in the English Ianguage Were in India and Were CaIIed Zz tOUffOns" Or ZZ tUfans∕ The WOrd tufan Or al-tufan is ArabiC and means ViOIent StOrm Or flood・ ThG EngliSh Came across this WOrd in India and borrowed it as touffon.EngliShmen Iearned the CantOnese Word LateG When English ShiPS encountered ViOIent StOrmS in the China Seaztai fung, WhiCh means ZZ great wind." The word's 39 to touffon is Only by chance. The modern form Of the WOrd —typhoon — WaS in(IUenCed by the CantOneSe but ___________________________________________________ 40 _____ to make it appear more Greek・31. ____________ 32. ______________ 33. ______________ 34. _______________ 35. _______________36. ____________ 37. _______________ 38. _______________ 39. _______________ 40. _______________III.Reading COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: FOr each blank in the following PaSSage there are four WOrdS Or PhraSeS marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank With the WOrd Or PhraSe that best fits the COnteXt ・When 17-year-old ClUattrO MUSSer hangs OUt With friends, they don't Ckink beer Or CrUiSe around in CarS Withthey StiCk to G-rated activities SUCh as rock-climbing Or talking about their dates. _________________ 41 ___Zbooks ・They are in good COmPany, according to a new StUdy ShOWing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had IOng been Seen as rites Of PaSSage into ______________________________ 42 _____ .The study, PUbIiShed TUeSday in the journal Child DeVelOPment, found that the PerCentage Of adolescents in the U・S・WhO have a driver's IiCense, WhO HaVe tried alcohol, WhO date, and WhO WOrk for Pay has PlUmmeted SinCe 2976, With the most PreCiPitOUS _____________________________ 43 ____ i n the PaSt decade・ The declines appeared across race, geographic, and SOCiOeCOnOrniC lines, and in rural, Urbar‰ and SUbUrban areas・TO be sure, more than HaIf Of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___ 44 _____ HaVe SIimmed COnSiderablyBetWeen 1976 and 1979, 86 PerCent Of high SChOOl Seniors had gone On a date; between 2010 and 2015zOr more boring, "but Only 63 PerCent PeOPIe sa½ Oh, it,s because teenagers are more responsible, Or more IaZyzIead author Of thethey're _________________________________ 45 ____ t he Iarger trend," Said Jean TWengezkids may be IeSS 46 instudy, WhiCh drew On SeVen Iarge time-Iag SUrVeyS Of AmeriCans. RatheG She Saidzactivities SUCh as dating, driving Or getting jobs because in today' S society.ACCOrding to an evolutionary PSyChOIOgy theory that a PerSOn l S "life strategy" SIOWS down Or SPeedS UPexposure to a ZZ harSh and UnPrediCtable,' GnVirOnmentdepending On HiS Or her ___________________ 47 ___ZIeadS to faster development, While a more resource-rich and SeCUre enVirOnment has the ________________ 48 ____ effect, the StUdy Said・ In the first ___ 49 ____ » "You'd have a IOt Of kids and be in SUrViVal mode, Starthavi ng kids you ng, expect your kids WiIl have kids young, and expect that there Will be more ________ 50 ____ and fewer resources/ Said TWengea PSyChOIOgy PrOfeSSOr at San DiegO State UniVerSity WhO is the author Of Zz iGen;zWhy Today's SUPer-COnnected KidS Are GrOWing UP LeSS Rebellious, MOre TOlerant, LeSS HaPPy —and COmPletely UnPrePared for Adulthood・Zz the goal back then WaSA Century ago, WhGn Iife expectancy WaS IOWer and COlIege education IeSS PreValentZSUrViVaL not ViOlin IeSSOnS by 5/ TWenge Said・ In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 51 about marriage, and ClriVing a Car and WOrking for Pay WOUld be important forZZ eStabliShing mate ValUe based On PrOCUrement Of resources/ the StUdy said.BUt AmeriCa is Shifting more toward the _______ 52 ___ model, and the Change is apparent across the SOCiOeCOnOmiC spectrum, TWenge said. ZZ EVen in families WhOSe ParentS didn't HaVe a COllege education..・ familiesare SmalIeG and the idea that Children need to be CarefUIly ________________________________ 53 ____ has really SUnk in." The _______ 54 ___ Of "adult activities'7 COUld not be attributed to more homework Orextracurricular activities, the StUdy Saidznoting that teens today SPend fewer HOUrS On HOmeWOrk and the Same amount Of time On extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( With the exception Of COmmUnity service, WhiCh hasrisen Slightly). NOr COUld the USe Of SmartPhOneS and the Internet be Gntirely the 55Z the report SaidZSinCethe decline began before they Were Widely available・ Ifthe delay is to make room for CreatiVe exploration and forming better SOCial and emotional COnnectionszit is a good thing, he Said・( ) 41. A. TherefOre B. Rather C. MOreOVer D. BeSideS( ) 42. A. ChiIdhOOd B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood( ) 43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. ChangeS( ) 44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts( ) 45. A. taking B. avoiding C.Sending D. missing( ) 46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized( ) 47. A. emotions B. SUrrOUndingS C. CUStOmS D. habits( ) 48. A. WrOng B. Same C. OPpOSitC D. Sinlilar( ) 49. A. event B. issue C. CaSe D. OeCaSiOn( ) 50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases( ) 51. A・ respectively B. delicatelyC. SeriOUSlyD. COnSidCrably( ) 52. A. SlOWer B. better C. Smaller D. faster( ) 53. A. emphasized B. related C. OrganiZCd D. educated( ) 54. A. implement B. POStPOnementC. achievementD. Payment( ) 55. A. CaUSe B. impact C. fact D. resultSeCtiOn BDireCtions: Read the following three PaSSageS・ EaCh PaSSage is followed by SeVeral questions Or UnfiniShed StatementS・ FOr each Of them there are four ChOiCeS marked A f B f C Ond D. ChOOSe the One that fits best according to the information given in the PaSSage you have just read.BitCOin and Other SO CalIed CryPt CUrrenCieS have been all OVer the news lately. APParentl½ the idea Of money that's not tied to a SPeCifiC bank —Or a SPeCifiC COUntry —is appealing to many. BUt it's WOrth remembering that the banking SyStem that We now all IiVe With is just that: A modern invention. NOt SO IOng ago, money WaS almost always Created and USed locally, and bartering WaS COmmon. (In fact, it S廿Il is COmmOn among many OnIine IOCal networks, Iike the BUy NOthing Project.)・In the past, money's makeup Varied from PIaCe to place, depending On What WaS COnSidered ValUabIe there・ SO While SOme Ofthe world's first COinS Were made from a naturally OCCUrring hybrid Of gold and SilVer CalIed electrum,ObjeCtS Other than COinS have SerVed as CUrrency, inClUding beads, ivor½ IiVeStOCkzand COWrie ShellS・ In WeStAfriCazbracelets Of bronze Or COPPer Were USed as cash, especially if the transaction WaS associated With theSlaVe trade there・ ThrOUghOUt the COlOnial PeriOdZtobacco WaS USed in IieU Of COinS Or PaPer bills in Virginia,Maryland and NOrth CarOlinazeven though it WaS USed elsewhere in the COlOnieS and extensively throughout EUrOPe and the U.K.Today, On an island in the PaCifiCza SPeCifiC type Of SheIl StiII SerVeS as CUrrenCy — and SOme PeOPIe there are even hoarding it, just Iike BitCOin moguls, COrWinCed that One day, it WiIl make them Wealthy beyOnd imagination. On MaIaita, the most- POPUlated island that's Part Ofthe SOlOmOn Islands, SheIIS are accepted at most PIaCeS in "How much tuna you Can get for your ShelIS depends On their COIOr and shape/ Mary BrUno, a ShOP OWnGrfrom the SmaIl town Of AUkiz On Malaitaztold ViCe・"One StriP Of darker SheIIS might get you about two CanS OfSmaIler tuna, but the red OneS are WOrth more, FOr the red OneszOne StriP might get enoUgh tuna to feed a big family for a IOng time・JUSt Iike a mint that CreateS coins, there' S OnlyOne PIaCe On the ISIand Where the ShelISZWhiCh are POIiShedand StrUng together to form 3-foot」Ong ropes, are made・(YOU Can See how that WOrkS in the VideO above.) The StriPS Of red, white, and black SheIIS all COme from Langa Langa LagOon, Where artificial islands Were IOng-ago built by IOCaIS to escape from the island-dwelling Cannibals・ OnCG maroOned OUt On their islands, locals needed a CUrrency to USe among themselves, and SO the Shell CUrrenCy WaS born.USing SheIIS for money WaS COmmOn throughout the PaCifiC islands as Iate as the early 1900s, but Malaita is UniqUe in that they are StiIl USed today. And just Iike CryPtO CUrrencies, there are those WhO think the islanders are Smart to invest in this type Of money, WhiCh is reported to have risen in VaIUe OVer the IaSt three decades・It might Seem Strange to hoard a bunch Of PrOCeSSedStrUng∙togGthGr SheIls, but What is a PiIe Of dollars? JUStZa SPeCiaIIy Printed PieCe Of PaPer and hemp that we,ve assigned ValUe to — and PrObably IeSS durable OVer time than those ShelIS・( )56. ACCOrding to the passage, WhiCh Of the following is TRUE?A.MOney WaS Created and WaS Widely USed in the WOrld.B.TObaCCO WaS USed as COinS Or PaPer bills in AmCriCan in the past.C.The ingredients Of WOrld,s first COinS may be the COmbinatiOn Of gold and SilVe匚ing ShelIS for money has been OUt Of date in the WOrId.( )57. The WOrd fc nιiιιt'' In ParagraPh 4 is ClOSeSt iιι the meaning to U_______________ ” ・A. a kind Of InOney that Can exchangeB.the IeaVeS Of a mint Plant USed fresh Or CandiedC. a PlaCe to PrOdUCe and POIiSh ShellSD. a factory that PrOdUCeS CUrrenCy( )58. WhafS OPiniOn Of the author towards ShellS for money?A.ReaSOnable.B. IInaginary.C.COnVenient.D. Invcntivc・( )59. WhiCh Of the following Inight be the best title Of the passage?A.The HiStOry Of BitCOinB. ShellS Still MOneyC. The CUrrenCy IS Of Great USeD. SOme ShellS(B)HOW DO VOU MOVe a Giant Sequoia?The IOgiStiCS Of e×cavating (挖拥)and relocating town's Century-old z IiVing SeqUOia(红杉)tree. Inhabitants Of BOiSeIdaho, WatChed With trepidatiOn earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks z・ The 105-year-old SeqUOia tree SerVeS as a IOCal Iandmark Z not Only for its IOngeVity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra CIUb COfOUnder JOhn MUir PrOVideCl the Original Seedling. SOWhen Saint LUke l S HeaIth SyStemZfound that the IO-StOry-tall-conifer(针叶树) StOOd in the Way Of its PIanned hospital CaIled tree∙moVing firm EnVirOnmGntai DeSign.The TeXaS-based COmPany has developed and Patented SCOOPing and Iifting tech noIOgy to move massive trees・OOO POUnds, the BOiSe SeqUOia is its IargeSt Undertaking yet・"I [had] IOSt enOUgh Weighing in at more than 800zSleeP OVer this/ SayS DaVid Cox, the COmPany's WeStern regiOn ViCe PreSident —and that WaS before the HOSPital mentiOngd the tree's distinguished Origin. BefOre the heavy Ii fting begar‰ the team assessed the root SyStem and dug a five∙foot∙deep Cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diametec around the trunk to PrOteCt all essential roots・After enCaPSUIating the root ball in Wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new SitUa 廿On for SeVen mon ths before relocating it. The illustratiOn details What followed・一LeSlie NemO1. Mark A・Merit and HiS team at ErWirOnmental DeSign inStalIed Underneath the root ball a PIatfOrm Of44-foot」Ong SteeIbarS and, just below the rods, a first Set Of Uninflated airbags ( ShOWn in SeVen-inch-diameterzgray).The team also dug a ShaIIOW ramp・2・ In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the SUrfaCe Of the hole・3.By Underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the PlatfOrm Carrying the tree to roll UP the ramp and OUt Of the hole WhiIe Staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back Of the PIatfOrm and replaced them in the front. They repeated the PrOCeSS Until the tree arrived at the edge Of its new home・4.There a SeCOnd Set Of PartiaIly inflated bags (ShOWn in White) Waited inSide the hole・ SOil SUrrOUnding the SeqUOia in its Original Iocation WaS relocated as well, because trees are more IlkeIy to SUrViVe a transplantWhen they move With their Original SOil・ing the first Set Of airbags, the movers rolled the PIatfOrm into the new hole・6・The bags Waiting there Were then inflated further to take the Weight Of the SeqUOia While the transportation bags Were deflated and removed from Under the tree・7. The White bags Were then deflated in about half an hour to IOWer the SeqUOia,s root ball to the bottom Of its hole, The bags Were removed, but the metal bars Were Ieft With the tree because they rust and degrade OVer a number Of years・8・ FOr the next five years the IOCal Park SerViCe WiIl monitor and maintain the tree in its new home ・( )60. WhiCh Of the following WOrdS Can be USed to replace the WOrdS Ilnderlined "stood in theWaY of"?A.ReSiStedB. BaIanCedC. Blocked.D. Promoted.( )61. What is the reasOn for the relocation Of SeqUOia trees?A.BeCaUSe the SCOOPing and Iifting technology ShOUld be PUt into USe・B.BeCaUSe it blocks IOCal hospital expansion PlanS・C.BeCaUSe it COrrCSPOndS to govcmment,s Plan Of EnVirOnmental DeSign・D.BeCaUSe SeqUOia trees are OVer a hundred years Old・( )62. HOW Will the migrated SeqUOia trees be dealt with?A.They Will be given new SOil in the new IiVing environment.B.Metal rods USed to move SeqUOia trees Will not be Ieft On the trees.C.They Will be kept in transport bags all the time・D.They Will be managed by SPeCiaIiStS in the next five years・UIIderStand the ECOIlOIniC COnCePt Of a BUdget LineThe term Zz bUdget line,z has SeVeral related meaningsincluding a COUPIe that are SeIf- evident and a thirdzthat is not.The budget Iine as an InfOrmaI COnSUmer UnderStandingThe budget Iine is an elementary ConCePt that most ConSUmerS UnderStand intuitively WithOUt a need for graphs a nd equations — it's the HOUSehOld budget, for example ・Taken informally, the budget Iine describes the bOUndary Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・GiVen a Iimited amount Of money，a COnSUmer CZn OnIy SPend that Same amount buying goods. If the COnSUmer has X amount Of money and WantS to buy two goods A and BShe Can OnIy PUrChaSe goods totaling X. If the COnSUmerzShe Can then SPend OnIy 0.25 X, the amount remaining, On her PUrChaSe Of B. needs an amount Of A COSting 0.75zThiS SeemS almost too ObViOUS to bother Writing Or reading about・ AS it turns out, however; this Same COnCePt-One that most COnSUmerS make many 廿mes each day With reflecting On it-is the basis Of the more formal budget Iine COnCePt in economics, WhiCh is explained below・LineS in a BUdgetBefOre turning to the econOmiCS definitiOn Of budget Iin巳COnSider another COncept: the line-item budget ・ ThiS is effectively a map Of future expenditures, With all the COnStitUent expenditures individually noted anda budget Iine is One Of the IinGS in the budget, quantified・ There1 S nothing Very COmPliCated about this USageZWith the SerViCe Or good to be PUrChaSed named and the COSt quantified,The BUdget Line as an ECOnOmiCS COnCePtOne Of the interesting WayS the StUdy Of GCOnO mics relates to huma n behavior gen erally is that a IOt Of economic theory is the formalizatiOn Of the kind Of SimPIe COnCePt OUtlined above — a COnSUmer l S informal UnderStanding Of the amount She has to SPencl and What that amount Will buy.In the PrOCeSS Of formalization, the ConCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equatiOn that Can be applied generally・A SimPIe BUdget Line GraPhTO Understand this, think Of a graph Where the VertiCal Iines quanUfy how many movie tickets, you Can buy and Where the horizontal IineS do the Same for Crime novels・ YOU Iike going to the movies and reading Crime novels In the example below, assume that each movie COStS $10 and each Crime noVel COStS $15and you have $ 150 to SPendz・ The more formal economics term for these two items is budget Set・If movies COSt $ 10 each, then the maximum number Of movies you Can See With the money available is 15. TO note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme Ieft-Hand Side Of the Chart ・ ThiS Same dot appears at the extreme Ieft above "O" On the horizOntai axis because you have no money Ieft for books — the number Of books available in this example is O. YOU Can also graph the Other extreme — all Crime noVeIS and no movies. SinCe Crime noVeIS in the example COSt $15 and you have $150 available, if you SPend all the available money Crime novels, you Can buy 10. SO you PUt a dot On the horizOntal axis at the nUmber 10.You'll PIaCe the dot at the bottom Of the VertiCal axis because in this inStanCe you HaVe $0 available for movie tickets.rightmost dot you'll have Created a If you now draw a Iine from the highest, IeftmOSt dot to the IOWeStzbudget Iine・Any COmbination Of movies and Crime novels that falls below the budget Iine is affordable. Any COmbinatiOn above it is not.( )63. WhiCh SentenCe about the budget Iine is NOT TRUE?A.It is IimitatiOn Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・B.MOSt COStUmerS WiIl be COnfUSGd With this COnCePt because Of its complex.C・ It is the effectively a map Of (UtUre expenditures・D.It Can be expressed as a mathematical, equation.)64. What is the PUrPOSe Of the passage?A.TO tell US any COnCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equation・B.TO HeIP US figure OUt the meaning BUdget Line・C・ TO tell US We ShOUld budget before We buy goods・D・ TO give an instruction Of ClraWing a budget Line・$15, you have $150.WhiCh is RIGHT according )65. ASSUme that each movie COStS 10 and each Crime novel COStSzto this passage?A.The maximum number Of movies you Can See is 10.。

18上海高考英语真题试题上海市18年高考英语试题和参考答案与解析{作文类}

年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共小题。

每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。

每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。

凯文老师-2018年上海高考英语试卷作文(含范文)

2018年上海高考英语试卷作文（含范文）假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英文报向全体高三学生征文，题目为“My teachers”，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括：1.对遇到过的老师进行分类2.具体描述每一类老师的特征范文My teachersOn the path of pursuing knowledge, numerous teachers we have encountered may have a lifelong impact on us, and even contribute to shaping who we are. Looking back on my school life, my teachers can be generally classified into three types: dedicated, approachable, and irresponsible.Dedicated teachers are most popular among students not only because of their outstanding professional knowledge but also because of their devotion to the career of teaching. You can expect more than class time of them. They may have a face-to-face communication with you after class to enlighten you with a tricky math problem. They may sacrifice their family time to keep you company so that you can smooth your emotional problem caused by your own family. Needless to say, most teachers fall into this category.The second type of teacher may seem less qualified in terms of their teaching skills, but they can also easily win students’hearts because theycan be entrusted with our deepest secrets. Childhood and adolescence are awkward periods when we struggle to explore our own way in the world. Our peers may be just as inexperienced as us while our parents seemingly live on another planet. So a friendly adult like approachable teachers can be a life saver.We tend to be careful when labeling a teacher irresponsible, but they do exist. Some of them may have temper issue, while others may disregard their own job. One of my teachers fit the description, who was directly linked to my poor academic performance during his stint.In the future, as my learning continues, I will have opportunities to meet more teachers. Whereas, never will I forget the assistance from my previous teachers or their passion for knowledge.。

2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

【英语写作】高考英语满分作文全解全析(标准范文1篇+满分范例8篇)2018上海卷

2018上海卷一、真题展示假如你是明启中学高三学生卢平，校英文报向高三学生征文，题目是“My teachers”，你想要投稿，内容必须包括：1. 请你将认识的老师进行分类；2. 具体描述每一类老师的牲。

二、真题解析本篇书面表达属于主题作文，要求对认识的老师进行分类，并具体描述每一类老师的特征。

乍一看，“My teachers”仿佛是从初中就开始涉及的话题，会有一定的亲切感，但细细分析，同学们会发现今年英语作文的难度，不管是在文章形式还是文章内容上，都有了大幅的难度提升。

从形式上而言，其虽然属于书信体，但脱离了同学们惯常所见的各种夹叙夹议类文体，其设定更加偏向说明文。

开头如何阐述？主体部分是否以对比形式呈现？最后又该如何收尾？这些都会对学生造成困惑。

从内容上而言，“My teachers”看似简单，但其对学生的要求实则不低。

首先，将teachers 具体分为几类，每类该如何命名和定义，其次，分类之后又该如何进行细节阐述。

对于一个观察能力或归纳总结能力欠缺的学生而言，题目的要求必然令人手足无措。

但本文的选材属于校园生活，这一话题一直是考查的重点，贴近学生生活实际，让学生有话可说。

题目中已经给出了内容要点，所以可以根据要点分段并进行适当扩充，以使行文连贯，有血有肉。

另外，文章词数在题中没有明确的要求，所以请参考一般高考写作的要求。

本文的标题是“My teachers”，所以应该用第一人称，而且本文是介绍自己身边的老师，所以主体时态为一般现在时。

三、写作小贴士1、词数没有明确要求，但应该有所控制。

2、文章要覆盖所有内容要点，并适当延伸。

3、对于教师的分类一定要明确，不可含糊其词，杂糅交替。

4、对于细节的阐述，一定要充分有条理。

5、对于分类阐述完成之后，一定要有自己的选择和之后的主题升华，将整篇文章的高度进行拔高，工体现观察之外的思考。

四、标准范文My teachersIn our school teachers are classified into two types. One type is teachers who know all the things. The other is teachers who focus on their own subject.Mr. Li is our history teacher. He can answer all the questions about different dynasties clearly. He often tells amusing anecdotes of ancient emperors which are of great fun. We all like this type of teachers.We also appreciate the second type of teachers. They are experts in some fields. But it’s better to combine theories and practice.I will remember all the teachers who teach me knowledge and make me laugh.译文在我们学校，老师可以分成两种，一种是全知全能的老师，另外一种是专注于自己科目的老师。

凯文老师,2018年上海中考英语试卷真题作文范文

凯文老师，2018年上海中考英语试卷真题作文范文Write at least 60 words about the topic “My progress”. (以“我进步了”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。

) 你在生活或学习中一定取得过不少进步，比如生活技能的获得、学习方法的掌握、良好习惯的养成。

请选取其中一个方面，结合自身经历，谈一谈你是如何取得这一进步的。

（注意：文中不得出现任何姓名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。

）The following is for reference only (以下表达仅供参考)used to do/ be …try my best to …make progress in (doing) …凯文老师原创范文：How time flies! I have been in the English club of my school for three yeas. I have made great progress in my English study.Three yeas ago, I knew little abo ut English, and I also didn’t know how to learn it. I felt very worried. Members in the club told me the way to learn it. From then on, I read English in the morning every day and listened to the teacher carefully in class.Now, I master a lot of English words, and I always achieve high scores/marks in English tests. So I’m proud of my progress!。

2018上海高考试题及答案英语

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

凯文老师-2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷汇编(中译英2)

V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。

(abandon)74. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。

(except)75. 如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。

(which) Keys:72. Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life?73. We can’t abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.74. The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays.75. Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming ofthe express delivery industry.2018年上海市普陀区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。

(As)73. 你认为以健康为代价来获取名利值得吗? (worthwhile)74. 学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有效地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。