国际商务英语-名词解释[1].doc___

International business : refer to transaction between parties from different countries

V isible trade : ex porting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another International investment : supplying capital by residents of one country to another

FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchase of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling . such financial assets may be stocks , bonds or certificates of deposit . Franchising , a firm called the franchisee , is allowed to operate in the name of another , called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names , logos , and operating techniques for royalty . Turnkey project , a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion . BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build , O for operate and T for transfer . For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company .

Customs union: A customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is

called a customs union

Trade terms are terms used in

international trade to describe the

general information about the

trade , such as the unit price

port of shipment , port of

destination and the kind of

currency .

Protectionism is a trade barrier to

international trade for the

purpose of protecting a nation’s

own domestic market and

industries. It includes tariff

barriers and non-tariff barriers .

A multinational enterprise is a

business organization which

owns ,controls and manages

assets , in more than one country ,

through its member companies

incorporated .

Per capita GNP refers to the total

value of the goods and services

per man provided by all kinds of

sectors during a certain period ( a

year , a quarter , etc )

Force majeure is a default of the

contract which is given rise to

not because of the contracting

parties’default , but of the

uncontrollable causes . One type

of the cause is the natural force

and the other is social cause .

Drawer : The person who draws

the bill of exchange is called the

drawer .

Proximate cause of loss : When

an insurance policy is made out

to cover a certain risk , a claim

becomes payable only if the risk

occurred as the prox imate cause

of the loss suffered . The

prox imate cause is the direct

cause of the loss .

Shortfall means the shortage of

amount or values of certain

goods .

T ariff concession list : It refers to

the list of commodities on which

the deduced tariff rate is

stipulated

Compound duty : a type of tariff

levied according both the

amounts and the prices of the

commodities .

Customs cleance: as to customs

clearance , for ordinary imported

goods , the customs will sign on

the shipping documents to

release the goods . But for some

particular duty –free goods or

bonded goods , the customs still

have control over it after the

consignee acknowledged the

receipt of shipment

Insurance is a social device in

which a group of individuals

transfer risk and provide a

payment of losses from funds

contributed by all members who

transferred risk . Insurance is a

risk transfer mechanism. Those

who transfer risk are called

insured . T hose who assume risk

are called insurers.

Standby arrangements T hat’s

the standby credit arrangement

given by IMF to its member

countries .

Escape clause It’s a clause of

contemporary canceling of the

preferential tariff when some

domestic industries are damaged

because in bilateral and

multilateral negotiations and

agreements there are excessive

importing commodities that

enjoy the deduction of tariff and

other trade allowance for the

contracting parties .

Non-trade settlement mainly

means the settlement which

occurs not because of trade

between the trading parties , but

of the other reasons such as the

government agreement .

Intermediate products are

products which are not the same

as the raw materials or as the

finished goods . They can called

semi-finished products .

Counter trade is the generic terms

to describe a set of cross border

contracts which link a seller’s

exports to imports from the

buyer .

Intra-MNE transfer refers to the

transfer among the different units

within the range and under the

control of MNC

Fair trade refers to the trade

conducted by two parties on the

equal treatment.

Beneficiary : The exporter in

whose favour the credit is opened

Consular visa is a visa signed by

one country’s consul in another

country when the visaed subject

is about to go through the

customs between these two

countries .

Incoterms are short for the

international rules for

interpretation of trade terms , the

purpose of it is to provide a set of

international rules for the

interpretation of the most

commonly used trade terms in

foreign trade . Thus , the

uncertainties of different

interpretation of such terms in

different countries can be