2020年高考英语刷题卷四(含答案解析)

2020年高考刷题卷四英语（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AWhat is body surfing?Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.How do you do it?To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.What do you need?It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.Unofficial world championshipBodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?A. Only using the human body.B. Only relying on a surfboard.C. Only following a wave.D. Only swimming along the beach.2. Which can make you surf faster?A. Flippers and a wetsuit.B. A wetsuit and a handboard.C. A handboard and boardshorts.D. A handboard and Flippers.3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?A. It is for local bodysurfers.B. It is held annually in Hawaii.C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.BPromise Sawyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her afro.Promise Sawyers’ motivati onal video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daugherty’s phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day. “Don’t allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Don’t give them that much power.”Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. She’s always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening( 令人气馁的) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her mom’s advice to heart.Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messag es,” Daugherty said. “It’s made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”Daugherty jokes that Promise doesn’t understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Let’s find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. That’s all we want.”4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. A hairstyle.B. A disability.C. An attitude.D. A video.5. What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?A. Seek some advice from her mother.B. Make herself look bigger and better.C. Record her sadness on video silently.D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when there’s something disheartening?A. Switch to a new start.B. Look on the bright side.C. Make necessary changes.D. Share her joy with others.7. How did Daugherty feel about people’s resp onse to the video?A. Embarrassed.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Surprised.CMost squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explainhow other hibernating animals stay containing water.This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood conc entration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.9. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.A. high blood concentrationB. low blood concentrationC. low body temperatureD. high heart rate10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.A. Drinking much water before hibernationB. Not eating anything during hibernationC. Drinking less water than they normally doD. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere11. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?A. ObjectiveB. PositiveC. DisappointingD. UncaringDWhat inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students’ effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology."If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show themost creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____.A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativityC. the relationship between actions and their consequencesD. the effects of external rewards on students' performance13. Which of the following doe s NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.14. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B. Assigning them tasks which require creativity.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.D. Giving them rewards they hope for.15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _____.A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB. punishing students is more effective than rewarding themC. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standardsD. discouraging students’ expectation of easy rewards is important第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。