新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)_习题答案1-4单元

Unit ONEEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from“communications”and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being furtherdeveloped.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)in favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primar y school, but the title just won’t come to mind for themoment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as hersecond major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life e xpectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the followingsentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune 2) dull 3) chased 4) launched 5) accompanied6)intrinsic 7) ranks 8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) image11)target 12) transform 13) temporarily 14) cover 15) bored16) audiences 17) regard 18) acknowledged 19) predict2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) set their sights on 5) was tired of6)turn away 7) hang on 8) in his presence 9) live with 10) nothing but11)for good 12) set out 13) What if 14) tire of▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped 2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch 5) seized6)gripped 7) grabbed 8) clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbol √. Examine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured 2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached4)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be oppositein meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble9) famous 10) reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1) (real) subject 2) object complement 3) object4) adverbial of purpose 5) adverbial of purpose 6) object to the verb “make”7) adverbial of result 8) subject, predicate 9) attributive modifying “ways”10) predicate2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty13) illusory 14) regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have a goodschool education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your paper should cover the following points:1) the advantages of being famous2) the disadvantages of being famous3) your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.▇Answers:1) ( of )will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for t heblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germa ny, Jack’s grandpa joined thearmy and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowe d/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after t he dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as generalmanager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work. THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the kind of job you prefer to do。