国际商务期末考试题.doc
国际商务管理期末考试题及答案
国际商务管理期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务管理中，跨国公司通常采用哪种组织结构？A. 功能型组织结构B. 地理型组织结构C. 产品型组织结构D. 矩阵型组织结构答案：B2. 以下哪个不是国际商务中的风险类型？A. 政治风险B. 汇率风险C. 技术风险D. 信用风险答案：C3. 国际商务谈判中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 明确目标B. 避免文化差异C. 避免使用肢体语言D. 保持耐心答案：C4. 国际市场营销中，产品适应策略通常指的是：A. 标准化产品B. 定制化产品C. 产品本地化D. 产品国际化答案：C5. 以下哪个不是国际商务中常见的市场进入模式？A. 出口B. 合资企业C. 特许经营D. 直接投资答案：D...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务中的文化适应策略。
答案：国际商务中的文化适应策略包括本土化策略、文化融合策略和文化同化策略。
本土化策略是指企业在进入新市场时，尽可能地适应当地的文化、法律和商业习惯。
文化融合策略是指企业在保持自身文化特色的同时，积极吸收和融合当地文化元素。
文化同化策略是指企业将自己的文化强加于当地市场，试图改变当地的文化习惯。
2. 描述国际商务中的汇率风险管理方法。
答案：汇率风险管理方法包括远期合约、期权合约、货币互换和自然对冲等。
远期合约是指企业与银行签订合约，锁定未来某一日期的汇率，以减少汇率波动带来的风险。
期权合约允许企业在一定期限内以约定汇率购买或出售货币。
货币互换是指企业与银行或其他金融机构交换不同货币的债务。
自然对冲是通过企业自身的业务活动来抵消汇率风险，如调整定价策略、改变支付时间等。
3. 阐述国际商务中的供应链管理的重要性。
答案：国际商务中的供应链管理对于企业的成功至关重要。
它涉及到原材料的采购、生产、库存管理、物流配送以及售后服务等各个环节。
有效的供应链管理可以降低成本、提高效率、增强客户满意度，并帮助企业在激烈的国际竞争中保持竞争力。
《 国际商务函电 》期末考试试卷附答案
《国际商务函电》期末考试试卷附答案Part Ⅰ 单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题4分，共60分）1. We have ____ a provisional agreement on technical cooperation.A. been interesting inB. entered intoC. interested inD. entering into2. We wish to offer you the new “Rose” paint we have ____ to the trade.A. givenB. recommendedC. introducedD. reported3. The purpose of a sales letter is to ____the prospective customer’s interest.A. encourageB. arouseC. attractD. secure4. We think much regret that we fail to complete the work ____the agreed contract time.A. forB. byC. toD. towards5. For ____ commodities as oil, sand and timber, rail transportation is cheaper than road transportation.A. unpackedB. large quantities ofC. unpackagedD. bulk6. Our _________ of sales are as shown.A. terms and conditionsB. termination and conditioningC. term and conditionD. terminations and conditionings7. We confirm ____ your S/C dated Feb. 23, 2009.A. have receivedB. having receivedC. had receivingD. having receiving8. A letter of credit would __ the cost of our imports.A. reduceB. raiseC. growD. drop9. Your terms are _____, so both of us are _____.A. satisfying, satisfyingB. satisfied, satisfiedC. satisfactory, satisfiedD. satisfied, satisfying10. Our client has agreed to _____shipment date of their L/C to August 30.A. enlargeB. expandC. expectD. extend11. Your terms are______, so both of us are ______.A satisfying, satisfyingB satisfied, satisfiedC satisfactory, satisfiedD satisfied, satisfying12. Our offer can only remain ______for three days.A. openedB. non-firmC. invalidD. valid13. We can hardly ______an agreement with you since your quotation is ______ to us.A. reach, acceptedB. reach, unacceptableC. arrive, acceptingD. arrive, acceptable14. The machines were shipped two weeks ago and ______you by now.A. should have reachedB. have reachedC. should reachD. shall reach15. We suggested that you ______ the matter and let us know your final decision.A. reconsidersB. reconsiderC. reconsideredD. reconsideringPart Ⅰ 商务术语考查（本大题共2题，共30分）Task 1缩率语写全称（每题2分，共10分）1. Corp. ______________________2. Encls _______________________3. sight L/C ______________________4. kg. ____________________5. FCL __________________Task 2将下列短语其与对应的汉语意思进行搭配。
国际商务——考试卷.doc
一、名词解释1、国际商务的经营形式企业跨国经营的方式多种多样，主要冇：产品岀口、非股权经营和股权投资（对外百接投资和间接投资）三种类型。
以上三种形式既反映企业国际化经营的策略选择，也反映企业国际化程度的差异。
产真出口：指企业在国内牛产产品并销售到国外的国际商务形式，通常也是许多金业走向国际市场的最初选择。
殊殷权役管：乂称非股权投资，是指投资者对东道国企业不采取股权占有的形式投资，而是通过对■与股权投资有直接关系的技术、管理、销售渠道等各种资源的控制，并签订协议向东道国提供各种服务，以从小获得利益的一•种灵活投资方式。
具体形式包括技术授权、管理合同、服务合同、生产建设合同等。
技*殺权：是一种无形商品出口，是企业的某种T业产权或无形资产的转让，包括专利、商标、秘诀、管理技能、营销技能等。
具体形式可以分为许可和特许经营等。
祎可：指专利权所有人、商标所有人或专有技术所有人作为许町方（licensor）向被许可方（licensee）授予某项权利，允许其按许可方拥有的技术实施，制造、销售该技术项下的产品，并由被许可方支付一定数额的报酬。
特许餐管；是指许让方向受让方转让技术、商标、统一的经营方法等，让受让方在许让企业的监督与帮助下，利用许让企业的品牌经营特定业务。
管理合同：是指企业根据与国外口标企业签订的合同全权负责合同期内该外国企业的全部业务管理，并根据合同收取一定的费用作为报酬。
股权牧資：是指企业以资本作为投资，在国外公司中占有一定的股权份额，并对其拥有所有权和控制权（,绘企业跨国经营的高级形式，耍求企业拥有雄厚的资金、技术实力和高水平的管理团队）。
厨徐直接牧资（International Direct Investment）：是指投资者为了在国外获得长期的投资效益并得到对企业的控制权，通过百接建立新的企业、公司或并购原有企业等方式进行的国际投资活动。
因陈间接搬资：主耍是指国际收支表中金融资产交易项下的投资活动，具体包扌?;国际信贷、国际有价证券投资、国际融资租赁等。
国际商务管理期末考试复习题
国际商务管理期末考试复习题1、跨国公司的经营特征：全球战略目标、全球一体化经营、灵活多样的经营策略、强大的技术创新能力、具有较大的经营风险2、国际生产折衷理论基本观点：核心是，企业跨国经营是该企业具有的所有权特定优势、内部化优势和区位优势综合作用的结果。
3、国际商务的宏观环境：4、制度与市场环境、政治与法律环境、经济和技术环境、社会文化环境5、区域经济一体化依据其经济结合程度和相互依存关系，可分为：自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场、经济联盟和完全经济一体化。
6、国际商务经营形式：（1）出口：①间接出口②直接出口（2）非股权安排：①技术授权②其他非股权安排形式（3）股权投资形式，它主要是指对外直接投资7、跨国并购的方式：股票替换、债券互换、现金收购、以及这三种方式的综合使用。
8、跨国公司组织结构的变化趋势（1）扁平化，由传统的金字塔形象扁平化发展是当前企业组织结构变革的主要形式。
（2）跨国公司地区总部，是指跨国公司为更好实现其全球经营战略目标，在区域内某东道国设立一个区域型管理机构。
（3）网络化，随着经济全球化的发展和互联网技术在国际经营活动中的广泛应用，西方一些大型跨国公司的组织结构开始向网络化发展。
（4）学习型组织，是指能熟练地创造、获取和传递知识，同时也善于修正自身的行为，以适应新的知识和见解的组织。
9、国际分销渠道策略（1）直接渠道与间接渠道策略（2）渠道长度策略（3）渠道宽度策略10、国际技术转移的方式（1）国际商品贸易（2）国际技术许可（3）国际许可经营（4）国际技术咨询与服务（5）技术所有权转移（6）与国际工程承包、国际合作生产和国外直接投资相结合的技术转移11、国际人力资源管理的国际策略：名族中心策略、多中心策略、全球中心策略、混合策略12、中国企业国际化经营战略分析（1）经营主体：第一，专业外贸公司和大型贸易集团。
第二，大型生产型企业或企业集团。
第三，大型服务企业与银行或其他非银行金融企业。
西安欧亚学院《国际商务》2021-2022学年第一学期期末试卷
6. 下列哪项不是国际商务的主要形式？ A) 出口贸易 B) 进口贸易 C) 合作贸易 D) 投资贸易
7. 国际商务中，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿是指企业在海外的市场研究活动。 A) 市场调研 B) 市场研究 C) 市场分析 D) 市场预测
部分二：判断题（5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）
11. 国际商务可以提高企业的竞争力。（ ） 12. 文化差异是国际商务的主要挑战之一。（ ） 13. 国际商务中，出口贸易是最重要的贸易形式。（ ） 14. 国际商务中，市场研究是非常重要的活动。（ ）
15. 国际商务可以增加企业的利润率。（ ） 部分三：简答题（40 分）
西安欧亚学院《国际商务》2021-2022 学年第一学期期末试卷
考试时间：120 分钟 总分：100 分 专业：国际商务
部分一：选择题（共 10 题，每题 2 分，共 20 分）
1. 国际商务的主要目的是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 A) 获得更多的市场份额 B) 增加企业的竞争力 C) 实现全球化战略 D) 提高企业的利润率ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
注意： • 考生必须在指定的时间内完成考试。 • 考生不得携带任何与考试无关的物品进入考场。 • 考生必须遵守考试规则和纪律。
祝考生顺利通过考试！
16. 什么是国际商务？简述其主要内容和目标。（10 分） 17. 简述国际商务中贸易术语的应用。（10 分） 18. 什么是国际商务中的市场-entry 策略？简述其主要形式。（10
分） 19. 简述国际商务中的支付方式。（10 分） 部分四：论述题（30 分） 20. 论述国际商务在全球化时代的重要性。（15 分） 21. 论述国际商务中文化差异的影响。（15 分）
国际商业文化期末考试试题
国际商业文化期末考试试题# 国际商业文化期末考试试题## 一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务中，以下哪项不是文化差异的表现？A. 语言差异B. 价值观差异C. 饮食习惯D. 技术标准2. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪种行为可能被视为不礼貌？A. 直接表达观点B. 避免眼神交流C. 准时参加会议D. 尊重对方的文化习俗3. 在国际商务谈判中，以下哪种策略是有效的？A. 坚持己见，不妥协B. 了解对方文化背景C. 忽视文化差异D. 只关注自己的利益4. 以下哪个国家在商务场合中，赠送礼物是常见的？A. 美国B. 法国C. 日本D. 德国5. 国际商务中，以下哪种行为可能被认为是不专业的？A. 穿着得体B. 保持手机静音C. 会议中频繁查看手机D. 准时到达会议## 二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务中文化适应性的重要性。
2. 描述在不同文化背景下，商务礼仪的差异性。
3. 解释什么是“霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论”，并给出至少两个维度的例子。
## 三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家跨国公司的市场部经理，公司计划进入中国市场。
请根据中国文化特点，分析并提出你的市场进入策略。
2. 你作为一家国际公司的人力资源经理，需要招聘一名来自不同文化背景的员工。
请描述你在招聘过程中会考虑哪些因素，以确保团队的多样性和包容性。
## 四、论述题（共30分）请论述在全球化背景下，企业如何通过理解和适应不同文化来提高其国际竞争力。
## 五、附加题（10分）在国际商务中，你认为哪些因素会影响跨文化团队的合作效率？请列举至少三个因素，并简要解释。
请注意：本试题旨在考察学生对国际商业文化的理解与应用能力，答题时应结合实际案例和理论知识，确保答案的准确性和深度。
国际商务管理期末考试答案.doc
姓名：田义兵班级：默认班级成绩：95.0分一、单选题（题数：50，共50.0分）1根据以往的判例和先例来判决，是下列（）法系的特点？ 1.0分A、人陆法系B、宗教法C、欧美法D、普通法我的答案：D2跨国公司为了加强某地的投资，而往往必须放弃另外其他地区投资的撤资策略足（）。
1.0分A、主动撤资B、进攻性撤资C、有计划地撤资D、被动撤资我的答案：B3计划经济条件下，中国贸易形式屈于（）。
1.0分A、自由贸易B、垄断贸笏C、统制贸易D、区域贸易我的答案：C4制定企业的战略0鉍既要具奋可行性，乂要考虑到它的先进性，这足指战略0称制定的（）。
1.0分A、关键性B、一致性C、激励性D、稳定性我的答案：C5下列不属于政治风险的是（）。
0.0分A、本国化B、国有化C、当地化D、有偿征用我的答案：D6当前我国外汇储备中敁主要的是（）。
1.0分A、欧元B、円元C、黄金D、美元我的答案：D7根据要素禀赋论，下列不适宜发展资木密集型产业的国家是（）。
I.0分A、尖国B、U木C、澳大利亚D、朝鲜我的答案：D8差异化战略的核心是取得某种对顾客冇价值的（）。
1.0分A、可靠性B、信誉性C、实用性D、独特性我的答案：D9按照一般跨国公司组织形式发展的第三阶段是（）。
1.0分A、销售部B、出口部c、国际部D、全球结构我的答案：C10下列耍素中，不屈干国家竞争优势钻石模型屮基本要素的是（）。
1.0分A、&然地理环境B、人口C、通讯基础D、气候我的答案：C11出口补贴作为一•种鼓励出口的措施就是在出口某种商品时给予出口商（）优惠待遇。
1.0分A、仅在退还进口税上B、仅在财政上C、仅在现金补贴上D、在现金补贴或财政上我的答案：D12全球化发展的物质®础是（）。
1.0分A、跨国公司的经营成果B、新技术革命提供的成果C、全球性的非管制化和市场化政策D、国际金融市场的深化与创新我的答案：B13重商主义理论盛行于（）。
1.0分A、19世纪和20世纪B、20世纪和21世纪C、15世纪和16世纪D、17世纪和18世纪我的答案：D14在且接标价法不，如果一•定单位的外国货币折成的本国货币数额增加，则说明（）。
国际商务入门期末考试题及答案
国际商务入门期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务是指：A. 国内贸易B. 国际贸易C. 跨国公司业务D. 以上都不是答案：B2. 以下哪项不是国际商务的驱动因素？A. 市场寻求B. 资源寻求C. 效率寻求D. 风险规避答案：D3. 国际商务的三大理论支柱是：A. 贸易理论、投资理论、管理理论B. 经济学、管理学、法学C. 政治经济学、国际贸易学、国际关系学D. 国际市场营销、国际金融、国际物流答案：A4. 出口是指：A. 将商品从一国运往另一国B. 将服务从一国提供给另一国C. 将资本从一国转移到另一国D. 将信息从一国传递到另一国答案：A5. 以下哪个不是国际商务中的贸易壁垒？A. 关税壁垒B. 配额壁垒C. 技术壁垒D. 价格壁垒答案：D6. 国际商务中的“文化”指的是：A. 艺术和文学B. 语言和习俗C. 政治和经济D. 宗教和哲学答案：B7. 跨国公司的总部通常设在：A. 资源丰富的国家B. 市场潜力大的国家C. 劳动力成本低廉的国家D. 政治稳定的国家答案：B8. 国际商务中的“全球化”是指：A. 世界经济一体化B. 世界政治一体化C. 世界文化一体化D. 世界社会一体化答案：A9. 国际商务中的风险包括：A. 政治风险B. 经济风险C. 法律风险D. 所有以上答案：D10. 国际商务谈判中，以下哪项不是常见的谈判策略？A. 让步策略B. 拖延策略C. 合作策略D. 强制策略答案：D二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述国际商务的三个主要特点。
答案：国际商务的三个主要特点是跨国性、多样性和复杂性。
跨国性指的是商务活动跨越国界，涉及不同国家和文化；多样性指的是国际商务涉及多种不同的市场、产品和业务模式；复杂性则是指国际商务活动受到多种因素的影响，如政治、经济、法律和文化等。
12. 解释什么是“比较优势”理论，并给出一个例子。
答案：比较优势理论是由大卫·李嘉图提出的，它认为即使一个国家在所有生产领域都不比其他国家更有效率，它仍然可以专注于生产自己相对效率最高的商品，并通过贸易来获取其他商品，从而实现资源的最优配置。
国际商务管理考试试题
国际商务管理考试试题一、选择题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、国际商务的核心是（）A 国际贸易B 跨国投资C 国际经济合作D 以上都是2、以下哪个因素不属于经济全球化的驱动力（）A 技术进步B 贸易自由化C 政府政策D 文化差异3、跨国公司在全球范围内配置资源的主要方式是（）A 建立海外子公司B 国际采购C 技术转移D 以上都是4、国际贸易中最常见的贸易术语是（）A FOB B CIFC CFRD 以上都是5、以下哪种汇率制度下，汇率波动幅度较大（）A 固定汇率制度B 浮动汇率制度C 管理浮动汇率制度D 以上都不是6、国际市场营销中的产品策略包括（）A 产品标准化B 产品差异化C 产品本地化D 以上都是7、国际商务中的政治风险主要包括（）A 国有化B 战争C 政策变动D 以上都是8、以下哪个国际组织主要致力于促进国际贸易自由化（）A 世界银行B 国际货币基金组织C 世界贸易组织D 联合国9、跨文化管理中的文化维度包括（）A 权力距离B 个人主义与集体主义C 不确定性规避D 以上都是10、国际商务中的法律环境主要包括（）A 国内法律B 国际公约C 国际惯例D 以上都是11、以下哪种进入国际市场的方式风险最小（）A 出口B 许可经营C 合资企业D 独资企业12、国际物流中的主要运输方式包括（）A 海运B 空运C 陆运D 以上都是13、国际商务谈判中的文化差异可能导致（）A 沟通障碍B 误解C 谈判破裂D 以上都是14、以下哪个不是国际人力资源管理的特点（）A 文化多样性B 法律复杂性C 语言统一性D 政策差异性15、国际商务中的伦理问题主要包括（）A 环境污染B 劳动剥削C 不正当竞争D 以上都是二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 30 分）1、请简要阐述国际商务中的关税壁垒和非关税壁垒，并举例说明。
关税壁垒是指一国政府通过提高进口商品的关税来限制进口的措施。
例如，提高某种商品的进口关税，使得进口商品的成本增加，价格上涨，从而降低其在国内市场的竞争力，保护本国相关产业。
国际商务期末试题及答案
I B Midterm Examination Answering card (A)CLASS:1001NAME:NUMBER:(1-10，1 score per question ;11-50,2score per question ;50-60, 1 scoreI. True / False Questions (1 score per question)1.The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise.2.Mercantilism advocated that countries should encourage exports and imports.3. A firm becomes a multinational enterprise when it undertakes foreign direct investment.4.The two most common methods of restricting inward FDI are ownership restraints and performance requirements.5. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.6. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.7. According to Porter, four broad attributes of a nation shape the environment in which local firms compete including supply conditions, factor endowments, regulation, and advanced factors.8. One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development9. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is referred to as the stock of FDI.10. Licensing involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.II. Multiple Choice Questions(11-50,2score per question ; 51-60, 1 score per question)11.Which of the following is not characteristic of globalization?A. National economies are turning into independent economic systems.B. Material culture is starting to look similar the world over.C. Perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications.D. Barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining.12.Which of the following is not an impediment(限制) that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion（最优分散）of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D.Barriers to foreign direct investment.13.Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous（均匀的） consumer markets.14.What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD.Stock market investments15.If the critics of globalization are correct, all of the following things must be shown except:A. the share of national income received by labor, as opposed to the share received by the owners of capital should have declined in advanced nations.B. even though labor's share of the economic pie may have declined, living standards need not deteriorate if the size of the total pie has increased sufficiently to offset（抵消） the decline in labor's share.C. the decline in labor's share of national income must be due to moving production to low-wage countries, as opposed to improving production technology and productivity.D.economic growth in developed nations has offset the fall in unskilled workers' share of national income, raising their living standards.16.This theory, advanced by the 19th-century English economist David Ricardo, forms the intellectual basis of the modern argument for unrestricted free trade.A. Heckscher-OhlinB. MercantilismC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage17.This theory explains the observed patterns of international trade by emphasizing the interplay between the proportions in which the factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods.A. MercantilismB. Heckscher-OhlinC. Absolute advantageparative advantage18.Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production startsin other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.19.The theory of _____, developed by Michael Porter, focuses on the importance of country factors, in addition to factor endowments, such as domestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation's dominance in the production and export of particular products.A. new tradeB. absolute advantageC. comparative advantageD. national competitive advantage20.Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD.Theory of absolute advantage21.Mercantilism viewed trade as a(n):A. economic evil.B. zero-sum game.C. nonessential economic activity.D. threat to a government's independence.22.What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?A. Countries are similar in their ability to produce goods efficientlyB. International trade is rarely beneficial to a countryC. Potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted tradeD. Trade is a zero-sum game23.According to the product life-cycle theory, the locus of global production initially switches from the U.S. to other advanced nations and then from those nations to developing countries. The consequence of this trend for the pattern of world trade is that over time the U.S.:A. becomes the sole producer of the product.B. switches from being an exporter of the product to being an importer of the product.C. switches from being an importer of the product to being an exporter of theproduct.D. becomes the sole consumer of the product.24._____ suggests that when nations trade, each nation may be able to specialize in producing a narrower range of products than it would in the absence of trade, and through trade, each nation can simultaneously increase the variety of goods available to its consumers and lower the costs of those goods.A. The product life-cycle theoryB. Porter's diamond of competitive advantageC. New trade theoryD. The theory of comparative advantage25.According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale26. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.27.Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.28.Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.29.According to Knickerbocker:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.30.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.31.The product life cycle suggests that:A. often the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.32.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm33.Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a particular location and that a firm finds valuable to combine with its own unique assets are known as:A. location-specific advantages.B. resource-specific advantages.C. competitive advantages.D. directional advantages.34.John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDIrelative to licensing.35.According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the host country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value to the host country in exchange.A. imperialistB. conservativeC. free marketD. radical36.Which of the following is not an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D.Barriers to foreign direct investment.37.Michael Porter has argued that _____ and _____ are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry.A. differentiation; price competitionB. economies of scale; diversification.C. low cost; differentiationD. efficiency; promotion38. The _____ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woods, New Hampshire to promote economic development.A. World BankB. International Trade CenterC. World Trade OrganizationD. United Nations39. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the World Wide Web.A. It makes it much easier for buyers and sellers to find each other.B. Viewed globally, it is emerging as an equalizer.C. It rolls back all of the constraints of location, scale, and time zones.D.It allows businesses to expand their global presence at a lower cost than ever before.40. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous consumer markets.41. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments42. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia.A. The economies of most of the former Communist states are very strong and developed.B. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia share a commitment to free market economies.C. As a result of disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies, the risks involved in doing business in these countries is very high.D. For about half a century these countries were essentially closed to Western international business.43.When a company "exports jobs" overseas, the company is:A. helping domestic workers by pushing up wage rates.B. increasing the demand of qualified domestic workers.C. taking advantage of lower wages in foreign markets.D. deceiving the supporters of globalization.44. Propagated in the 16th and 17th centuries, _____ advocated that countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.A. ethnocentrismB. capitalismC. collectivismD. mercantilism45. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.46. Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage47. China, deliberately keeping its currency value low against the U.S. dollar in order to sell more goods to the United States, and thus amass a trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves, is viewed by critics as following a:A. zero-sum game.B. neo-mercantilist policy.C. positive-sum game.D. free trade policy.48. A basic tenet of Ricardo's theory is that:A. consumers in those countries with an absolute advantage in the production of all goods might derive no benefits from international trade.B. consumers in all nations can consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.C. restrictions on trade help consumers in countries that lack an absolute advantage in the production of a particular good.D. trade is a zero-sum game.49. According to the _____ model, when a rich country enters into a free trade agreement with a poor country that rapidly experiences dynamic gains, the rich country is likely to not have net gains.A. absolute advantageB. mercantilistC. Heckscher-OhlinD. Samuelson50. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale51. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.52. If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50 percent interest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n):A. minority acquisition.B. outright stake.C. majority acquisition.D. greenfield investment.53. FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons except:A. the globalization of the world economy.B. the general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years.C. firms are trying to circumvent trade barriers.D. there is a shift toward democratic political institutions and free market economies.54. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.55. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D.Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.56. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings, and the like is summarized by:A. gross fixed capital formation.B. total investment capital.C. total tangible investment.D.gross depreciable investments.57. Most cross-border investment is:A. in the form of greenfield investments.B. made via mergers and acquisitions.C. between American and Japanese companies.D.involved in building new facilities.58. The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following except:A. the general move in many developed countries away from manufacturing and toward services.B. accelerating regulations of services.C. many services cannot be traded internationally.D.many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services.59. When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D.monopolistic competition.60.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm。
(完整word版)国际商务期末考试题
国际商务练习题一、单选题1.（A ）是指缔约一方现在和将来所给予任何第三方的一切特权、优待、利益及豁免，也同样给予缔约对方。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴2（B）是指缔约一方保证缔约另一方的公民、企业和船舶在本国境内享受与本国公民、企业和船舶同等的待遇。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴3在下列商业活动中，哪一笔属于国际商务活动（B）。
（1）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国花旗银行总行贷款（2）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向中国建设银行浦东分行贷款（3）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国城市银行上海浦东分行贷款（4）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国第一国民银行总行贷款4（B）是企业所特有的、能够经得起时间考验的、具有延展性，并且是竞争对手难以模仿的技术或能力。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力5.企业通过自身要素的优化及与外部环境的交互作用，在有限的市场资源配置中占有相对优势，进而处于良性循环的可持续发展状态的能力( A )（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力6.(C )是竞争力资产与竞争力国际化过程的统一。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力7.企业通过一系列具体的策略和措施，使本企业成本与同行业其他企业成本相比很低的战略叫（C）（1）.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略8企业采取一种集中的、为一组特定用户服务的战略是( B )A. A.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略9.一些企业拥有或可以得到的那些外国企业不能获得的优势，如产品、技术、规模经济、市场等称之为（A）（1）.所有权优势（2）.区位优势（3）.内部化优势（4）.成本优势10某中国小家电企业，总资产50亿元，年销售额20亿元，雇员总数4万人；其中，国外资产5亿元，国外销售额4亿元，国外雇员2千人，该企业跨国化指数为( D)（1）.10% （2）.20% （3）.5% （4）.11.7%11. 在其他国家境内的本国律师事务所、银行分支机构提供的服务属于服务贸易中的（D）（1）. 境外消费（2）. 跨境提供（3）. 自然人流动（4）. 商业存在12．企业通过各种不同的方式，进口原料、材料或零件，利用本国的生产能力和技术，加工成成品后再出口，从而获得以外汇体现的附加价值，这一国际化方式称(C )（1）.一般贸易（2）.技术贸易（3）.加工贸易（4）.国际特许经营13某公司为东道国建造工厂或其他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，即将该工厂或项目所有权和管理权依合同完整地给对方，这一国际化方式称(D )。
国际商务期末试题及答案
I B Midterm Examination Answering card (A)CLASS:1001NAME:NUMBER:I. True / False Questions (1 score per question)1. The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise.2.Mercantilism advocated that countries should encourage exports and imports.3. A firm becomes a multinational enterprise when it undertakes foreign direct investment.4.The two most common methods of restricting inward FDI are ownership restraints and performance requirements.5. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.6. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.7. According to Porter, four broad attributes of a nation shape the environment in which local firms compete including supply conditions, factor endowments, regulation, and advanced factors.8. One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development9. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings and the like is referred to as the stock of FDI.10. Licensing involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.II. Multiple Choice Questions(11-50,2score per question ; 51-60, 1 score per question)11.Which of the following is not characteristic of globalization?A. National economies are turning into independent economic systems.B. Material culture is starting to look similar the world over.C. Perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications.D. Barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining.12.Which of the following is not an impediment(限制) that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion（最优分散）of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.13. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous（均匀的）consumer markets.14.What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments15.If the critics of globalization are correct, all of the following things must be shown except:A. the share of national income received by labor, as opposed to the share received by the owners of capital should have declined in advanced nations.B. even though labor's share of the economic pie may have declined, living standards need not deteriorate if the size of the total pie has increased sufficiently to offset（抵消）the decline in labor's share.C. the decline in labor's share of national income must be due to moving production to low-wage countries, as opposed to improving production technology and productivity.D. economic growth in developed nations has offset the fall in unskilled workers' share of national income, raising their living standards.16. This theory, advanced by the 19th-century English economist David Ricardo, forms the intellectual basis of the modern argument for unrestricted free trade.A. Heckscher-OhlinB. MercantilismC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage17. This theory explains the observed patterns of international trade by emphasizing the interplay between the proportions in which the factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods.A. MercantilismB. Heckscher-OhlinC. Absolute advantageD. Comparative advantage18. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.19.The theory of _____, developed by Michael Porter, focuses on the importance of country factors, in addition to factor endowments, such as domestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation's dominance in the production and export of particular products.A. new tradeB. absolute advantageC. comparative advantageD. national competitive advantage20.Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage21. Mercantilism viewed trade as a(n):A. economic evil.B. zero-sum game.C. nonessential economic activity.D. threat to a government's independence.22.What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?A. Countries are similar in their ability to produce goods efficientlyB. International trade is rarely beneficial to a countryC. Potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted tradeD. Trade is a zero-sum game23.According to the product life-cycle theory, the locus of global production initially switches from the U.S. to other advanced nations and then from those nations to developing countries. The consequence of this trend for the pattern of world trade is that over time the U.S.:A. becomes the sole producer of the product.B. switches from being an exporter of the product to being an importer of the product.C. switches from being an importer of the product to being an exporter of the product.D. becomes the sole consumer of the product.24._____ suggests that when nations trade, each nation may be able to specialize in producing a narrower range of products than it would in the absence of trade, and through trade, each nation can simultaneously increase the variety of goods available to its consumers and lower the costs of those goods.A. The product life-cycle theoryB. Porter's diamond of competitive advantageC. New trade theoryD. The theory of comparative advantage25. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale26. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.27. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.28.Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.29. According to Knickerbocker:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.30.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.31.The product life cycle suggests that:A. often the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.32.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm33. Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets that are tied to a particular location and that a firm finds valuable to combine with its own unique assets are known as:A. location-specific advantages.B. resource-specific advantages.C. competitive advantages.D. directional advantages.34.John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that:A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a foreign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the firm's own unique assets often requires FDI.D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.35.According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the host country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value to the host country in exchange.A. imperialistB. conservativeC. free marketD. radical36. Which of the following is not an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersion of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced transportation costs.B. Government regulations.C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.37.Michael Porter has argued that _____ and _____ are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry.A. differentiation; price competitionB. economies of scale; diversification.C. low cost; differentiationD. efficiency; promotion38. The _____ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woods, New Hampshire to promote economic development.A. World BankB. International Trade CenterC. World Trade OrganizationD. United Nations39. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the World Wide Web.A. It makes it much easier for buyers and sellers to find each other.B. Viewed globally, it is emerging as an equalizer.C. It rolls back all of the constraints of location, scale, and time zones.D. It allows businesses to expand their global presence at a lower cost than ever before.40. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:A. globalization of production.B. globalization of markets.C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.D. creation of absolutely homogeneous consumer markets.41. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments42. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia.A. The economies of most of the former Communist states are very strong and developed.B. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia share a commitment to free market economies.C. As a result of disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies, the risks involved in doing business in these countries is very high.D. For about half a century these countries were essentially closed to Western international business.43.When a company "exports jobs" overseas, the company is:A. helping domestic workers by pushing up wage rates.B. increasing the demand of qualified domestic workers.C. taking advantage of lower wages in foreign markets.D. deceiving the supporters of globalization.44. Propagated in the 16th and 17th centuries, _____ advocated that countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.A. ethnocentrismB. capitalismC. collectivismD. mercantilism45. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's product life-cycle theory.A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and exported from the country in which they were developed.B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, production starts in other countries.C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its original innovation.46. Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries.A. Theory of national competitive advantageB. Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Theory of comparative advantageD. Theory of absolute advantage47. China, deliberately keeping its currency value low against the U.S. dollar in order to sell more goods to the United States, and thus amass a trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves, is viewed by critics as following a:A. zero-sum game.B. neo-mercantilist policy.C. positive-sum game.D. free trade policy.48. A basic tenet of Ricardo's theory is that:A. consumers in those countries with an absolute advantage in the production of all goods might derive no benefits from international trade.B. consumers in all nations can consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.C. restrictions on trade help consumers in countries that lack an absolute advantage in the production of a particular good.D. trade is a zero-sum game.49. According to the _____ model, when a rich country enters into a free trade agreement with a poor country that rapidly experiences dynamic gains, the rich country is likely to not have net gains.A. absolute advantageB. mercantilistC. Heckscher-OhlinD. Samuelson50. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry.A. zero-sum advantagesB. highly skilled employeesC. process expertiseD. economies of scale51. A greenfield investment:A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.C. involves a merger with a foreign business.D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.52. If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50 percent interest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n):A. minority acquisition.B. outright stake.C. majority acquisition.D. greenfield investment.53. FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons except:A. the globalization of the world economy.B. the general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years.C. firms are trying to circumvent trade barriers.D. there is a shift toward democratic political institutions and free market economies.54. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in:A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.B. developed; underdeveloped countries.C. developed; each other's markets.D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.55. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI.A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of the world.B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite target for FDI inflows.C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the emerging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.56. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildings, and the like is summarized by:A. gross fixed capital formation.B. total investment capital.C. total tangible investment.D. gross depreciable investments.57. Most cross-border investment is:A. in the form of greenfield investments.B. made via mergers and acquisitions.C. between American and Japanese companies.D. involved in building new facilities.58. The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following except:A. the general move in many developed countries away from manufacturing and toward services.B. accelerating regulations of services.C. many services cannot be traded internationally.D. many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in services.59.When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries, there is:A. vertical integration.B. horizontal integration.C. multipoint competition.D. monopolistic competition.60.The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities where foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.A. product life cycleB. strategic behavior theoryC. multipoint competition theoryD. eclectic paradigm11。
国际商务期末考试题及答案
国际商务期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务是指：A. 国内贸易B. 跨国贸易C. 国际贸易D. 国际投资2. 跨国公司通常是指：A. 拥有海外子公司的公司B. 只在本国运营的公司C. 只做出口贸易的公司D. 只做进口贸易的公司3. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是文化差异的影响因素？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 教育水平D. 法律体系4. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是贸易壁垒？A. 关税B. 配额C. 反倾销税D. 国际货币基金组织(IMF)5. 以下哪个不是国际商务谈判的特点？A. 需要考虑文化差异B. 需要考虑法律法规C. 只关注价格因素D. 需要考虑政治风险6. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是风险管理的策略？A. 风险规避B. 风险转移C. 风险接受D. 风险增加7. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是市场进入策略？A. 出口B. 合资C. 独资D. 进口8. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际支付方式？A. 信用证B. 汇票C. 支票D. 现金交易9. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际物流的特点？A. 跨国性B. 复杂性C. 单一性D. 时效性10. 国际商务中，以下哪个不是国际市场营销的策略？A. 产品策略B. 价格策略C. 渠道策略D. 质量策略二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务与国内商务的主要区别。
2. 描述国际商务谈判中文化差异对谈判的影响。
3. 解释什么是国际市场营销的4P策略。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家跨国公司的市场部经理，公司计划进入一个新的国际市场。
请分析并提出你的市场进入策略，并解释你的选择。
2. 某国际公司在海外运营时遇到了当地政府的贸易壁垒，导致产品无法顺利进入市场。
请分析可能的解决方案，并提出你的建议。
国际商务期末考试答案一、选择题1. C2. A3. C4. D5. C6. D7. D8. D9. C10. D二、简答题1. 国际商务与国内商务的主要区别在于国际商务涉及跨国界，需要考虑不同国家的法律法规、文化差异、政治风险以及汇率变动等因素。
【精品文档】国际商务试卷-推荐word版 (21页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==国际商务试卷篇一：国际商务试题学院名称：班学号：姓名：一、填空题（每题1分，共10题，一空错，全题错，共10分） 1，国际商务活动的三大纽带是（国际市场），（跨国公司），国际惯例。
2，世界分工由（）转向（），由行业间分工转向行业内分工。
3，波音与西飞国际合作生产零部件的原因是节省需求国外汇，（）（），（），利用当地廉价资源。
4，多国市场竞争焦点是广告，实质是凭借（）垄断，因为（）占产品价值比重大。
5，产品研发环节需要（）科技人员、（）环境和创新的组织文化6,分散大趋势原因是（）和（），企业利用核心能力组建全球虚拟企业。
7，价值链战略环节在上游时用（）营销战略，在下游时用（）营销战略。
8，彩电先在国内生产，后走出国门是利用了（），川菜走遍全国的原因是（）9，筛选目标市场的程序是（），（）和产品市场。
10，成本劣势主要表现在规模劣势，初始投资，（），（）和经验曲线上。
二、选择题：选出全部正确选项，多选、少选、选错、不选均不得分，将其标号填在题后的括号内。
（每小题2分，共10题，20分） 1，下列属于国际商务活动的是哪些（ C ）A中国剧场放映美国大片珍珠港. B中美合资剧场放映国产片.C中国剧场放映用进口胶片摄制的国产片.D中国剧场放映芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》2，加盟洗衣店采用的是（ A ）连锁形式A，横向连锁，B，纵向连锁，C,初级连锁，D，高级连锁 3，我国国有企业的管理采用的是（）A横向连锁 B，高级连锁， C资本连锁， D,并联方式 4，摩托罗纳所竞争的市场属于（）市场A,全球市场 B,多国市场，C，大宗贸易市场 D，服务市场5，从竞争优势的传统理论看国企效益衰败的原因是（） A，要素禀赋说，B，产业政策说，C，管理文化说，D，计划经济说 6，大宗贸易商品具有以下的特点（）A,寡头竞争，B，规模竞争，C，价格竞争，D，标准化生产 7，集中分布好处是（）A,规模效应，B，地点优势，C经验曲线，D利用汇率被低估的地区 8，荷兰鲜花生产的原因是（）学院名称：班学号：姓名： A,基本要素在起作用,B基本要素缺乏,C，受需求影响，D长期发展高等要素的结果 9，美国的个人主义导致了（）A择众多的供应商，B，资本运作，C，倾向于短期计划，D，工种较细。
国际商务管理期末考试试题及答案
国际商务管理期末考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际商务管理的核心目标是：A. 利润最大化B. 市场份额最大化C. 客户满意度最大化D. 企业社会责任答案：A2. 跨国公司在进行国际扩张时，通常采用的组织结构是：A. 功能型结构B. 地理型结构C. 产品型结构D. 矩阵型结构答案：B3. 国际贸易理论中，比较优势理论的提出者是：A. 亚当·斯密B. 大卫·李嘉图C. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯D. 弗里德里希·李斯特答案：B4. 在国际市场进入策略中，合资企业属于哪种类型？A. 出口B. 许可C. 特许经营D. 直接投资答案：D5. 国际商务谈判中，文化差异可能导致：A. 沟通障碍B. 价格谈判困难C. 法律风险D. 物流问题答案：A...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述国际商务中的文化适应性对企业成功的重要性。
答案：国际商务中的文化适应性对企业成功至关重要。
企业需要了解并尊重目标市场的文化差异，包括商业习惯、沟通方式、价值观念等。
这有助于建立良好的客户关系，避免文化冲突，提高谈判成功率，并促进品牌在国际市场的接受度。
2. 描述国际市场营销中的4Ps策略。
答案：国际市场营销中的4Ps策略是指产品(Product)、价格(Price)、地点(Place)和促销(Promotion)。
企业需要根据国际市场的特定需求和偏好调整产品特性；制定合理的价格策略以吸引消费者；选择合适的分销渠道以确保产品的可得性；以及设计有效的促销活动以提高品牌知名度和市场占有率。
3. 解释什么是国际商务中的“全球战略”。
答案：国际商务中的“全球战略”是指企业在全球范围内统一其业务运作，以实现规模经济和效率最大化。
这种战略强调全球一体化，通过集中资源、标准化产品和流程，以及利用全球供应链来降低成本，提高竞争力。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一家国际服装品牌的市场经理，你的品牌计划进入一个新的亚洲市场。
(完整版)《国际商务》
《国际商务》复习题考试题型及分数：一、单项选择题：15分二、多项选择题：10分三、填空题：10分四、名词解释：15分五、简答题：30分六、论述题：20分第一章国际贸易与国际投资基本理论一、单项选择题1.资本主义早期的国际贸易理论是 A A 重商主义 B 重农主义 C 凯恩斯主义 D 超保护贸易主义2.下列各项中属于贸易保护理论的是 A A贸易乘数理论 B绝对成本论 C比较成本论 D要素禀赋说3.晚期重商主义最杰出的代表人物是 B A 斯塔福德 B 托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯 D 李斯特4.保护幼稚工业理论的代表人物是 D A 斯塔福德 B托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯 D李斯特5.下列各项中，属于贸易保护理论代表人物的是 D A 亚当·斯密 B 大卫·李嘉图 C 俄林 D 凯恩斯6.为证明增加新投资对就业和国民收入的好处，凯恩期提出了DA重商主义学说 B保护幼稚工业学说 C比较成本理论 D投资乘数理论7.下列理论中，属于自由贸易理论的是 CA 贸易乘数理论B 货币差额论C 绝对成本论D 贸易差额论8.在历史上第一次从生产领域出发,说明国际贸易发生与发展的必然性的理论是AA绝对成本论 B比较成本论 C重商主义 D要素禀赋说9.认为在劳动要素的质的方面具有相对优势，有利于生产和出口技术密集型产品的理论是 DA赫克歇尔—俄林原理 B绝对成本论 C比较成本论 D人力技能与人力资本理论10.林德从需求方面，即由人均收入水平的相同来解释国际贸易的商品流向的理论是 DA产业内贸易理论 B.新贸易理论 C比较成本论 D偏好相似理论11.二战后50年代到60年代上半期，发展中国家实现工业化，一般都是从实施 AA进口替代战略开始的B出口导向战略开始的 C国际投资战略开始的D保护贸易战略开始的12.20世纪60年代中期前后，东亚和东南亚一些国家和地区，如新加坡、韩国等转向何种贸易战略 BA 进口替代战略B 出口导向战略C 国际投资战略D 保护贸易战略13.最早的现代跨国直接投资理论是 CA竞争优势理论 B产品周期理论 C 垄断优势理论 D国际生产折衷理论14.产品周期理论的首创者是 BA海默 B维农 C邓宁 D波特15.目前对跨国公司及直接投资影响最大的一种理论是 DA竞争优势理论 B产品周期理论 C 垄断优势理论 D国际生产折衷理论16.一国（地区）与其他国家（地区）之间商品和服务的交换活动为 DA 国际贸易B 出口C 进口D 进出口贸易17.一个国家在一定时期出口贸易额和进口贸易额之和称为 AA对外贸易额 B对外贸易量 C国际贸易额 D国际贸易量18.世界各国出口贸易额的总和为 BA对外贸易额B国际贸易额 C净出口额 D累计出口额19.出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的比率称为 AA 贸易条件B 贸易差额C 出超D 入超20.用一个简短的概念或英文缩写字母来表示价格的构成和交易的其他条件称为 CA支付方式 B无形贸易 C贸易术语 D国际贸易21.下列国际贸易术语中，适用于各种运输方式的是 B A.FOB B.CIP C.CFR D.CIF22.下列国际贸易术语中，货物的有关保险手续应当由卖方负责办理的是 A A.CIF B.FOB C.FCA D.CPT 23．“CIF天津”贸易术语中，“天津”表示的是 C A装运港名称B装运地城市名称 C目的港名称 D目的地城市名称24.以银行为付款人的即期汇票称为 A A 支票 B 汇票 C 本票 D 托收二、多项选择题1.下列各项中属于贸易保护理论的有 ADE A重商主义B比较成本论C绝对成本论D贸易乘数理论E凯恩斯主义2.贸易保护理论的代表人物有 ABCD A 斯塔福德B托马斯·孟 C 凯恩斯D李斯特E亚当•斯密3.下列各项中属于自由贸易理论的有 BCE A重商主义B比较成本论C绝对成本论D凯恩斯主义E要素禀赋说4.自由贸易理论的代表人物有 BCDE A汉密尔顿B亚当·斯密C赫克歇尔D俄林 E大卫·李嘉图5.根据国际生产折衷理论，影响企业从事对外直接投资的变量有 ABD A内部化优势 B所有权优势C资源优势D 区位优势E政策优势6.当出口贸易额大于进口贸易额时，可称之为 ADE A贸易顺差B贸易逆差C贸易赤字D贸易盈余E出超7.当出口贸易额小于进口贸易额时，可称之为 BCE A贸易顺差B贸易逆差C贸易赤字D出超E入超8.下列国际贸易术语中，仅适用于水上运输方式的是 ABC A FOB B CFR C CIF D FCA E CPT9.下列国际贸易术语中，适用于各种运输方式的是 ADE A CIP B CFR C CIF D FCA E CPT10.下列国际贸易术语中，货物的风险在船舷转移的是 ABE A FOB B CFR C CIP D FCA E CIF三、填空题1.贸易保护的起点是（重商主义）。
国际商务期末复习
国际商务期末复习题型：判断（10*2'=20'）单选（10*2'=20'）多选（5*3'=15'）简述（3*5'=15'）论述（2*15'=30'）第一章导论1、国际商务的含义（名词解释）答：A.具体含义：国际商务学是一门研究为满足个人及组织需求而进行的跨国界交易的科学。
（两层：一是国际商务学研究的是跨国界的活动；二是国际商务学研究的是国家企业或个人以经济利益为目的而进行的商业性经济活动，而不是非商业性经济活动。
）B.属性：涵养多学科的交叉学科。
C.对象：跨国公司2、国际商务的类型与特征答：（1）类型：三大类：A、国际贸易B、国际直接投资C、其他国际经济活动（特许经营、合作经营、合作开发、工程承包与劳务合作、国际信贷与融资等贸易与直接投资以外的）（2）特征：A、国际商务是企业国际化战略的综合反映B、国际商务以进入和开拓国际市场为目标C、国际商务复杂多变、风险大3、经济全球化的含义：（名词）答：（1）5种解释：A一个过程B新殖民主义的一种表现，是帝国主义发展的新阶段C人为的D巨大的变革E社会大生产带来的后果（2）具体含义：经济全球化是指资本、劳动力、技术、知识、信息等生产要素在全世界范围内的自由流动，使得各国之间的经济联系日益紧密的过程。
4、经济全球化的本质：（简答）答：A.自由派观点：经济全球化的本质就是资本主义化甚至可以说是美国化。
B.“左”派观点（新马克思主义观点）：经济全球化本质就是经济殖民主义。
C.怀疑派观点：经济全球化是无中生有，是一个“迷思”和天方夜谭。
D.变革论：经济全球化是21世纪推动社会经济、政治快速变革的中心力量。
E.经济全球化是人类社会发展的必然，是客观经济规律，是不随人的意志而转移的。
5、经济全球化的特征：（简答）答：(1)基本特征：一、国际贸易规模迅速扩大二、跨国直接投资迅猛发展三、全球要素资源加快流动（2）具体特征：A.生产全球化 B.贸易全球化 C.投资全球化D.金融全球化E.区域性经济合作日益加强6、经济全球化的原因：答：A.科技革命的推动（前提条件） B.生产力发展的内在要求C.全球性市场经济体制的实现（制度基础）D.微观经济主体的趋利动机（基本动因）E.国际局势相对缓和F.国际组织日益发展和完善G.各国政府发挥作用7、反全球化（简答）（1）产生的原因：反全球化源于对当今资本主义制度的不满与反抗，这是资本主义制度固有矛盾所引起。
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国际商务练习题一、单选题I.（A ）是指缔约一方现在和将來所给予任何笫三方的一切特权、优待、利益及豁免，也同样给予缔约对方。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴2 （B ）是指缔约一方保证缔约另一方的公民、企业和船舶在本国境内享受与木国公民、企业和船舶同等的待遇。
（1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴3在下列商业活动屮，哪一笔属于国际商务活动（B）o（1），美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国花旗银行总行贷款（2），美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向中国建设银行浦东分行贷款（3），美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国城市银行上海浦东分行贷款（4），美国花旗银行上海汕东分行向美国第一国民银行总行贷款4 （B）是企业所特有的、能够经得起吋间考验的、具有延展性，并且是竞争对手难以模仿的技术或能力。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力5.企业通过口身要素的优化及与外部环境的交互作用，在有限的市场资源配置中占有相对优势，进而处于良性循环的可持续发展状态的能力（A）（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力6.（C ）是竞争力资产与竞争力国际化过程的统一。
（1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力7.企业通过一系列具体的策略和措施，使本企业成本与同行业其他企业成本相比很低的战略叫（C ）（1）.差异化战略（2）.集屮战略（3）.成木领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略8金业采取一种集中的、为一•组特定用户服务的战略是（B ）A. A.罢异化战略（2）.集屮战略（3）.成木领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略9.一些企业拥有或可以得到的那些外国企业不能获得的优势，如产品、技术、规模经济、市场等称Z为（A ）（1）.所有权优势（2）.区位优势（3）.内部化优势（4）.成本优势1（）某中国小家电企业，总资产5（）亿元，年销售额20亿元，雇员总数4万人；其中，国外资产5亿元，国外销伟额4亿元，国外矗员2千人，该企业跨国化指数为（D）（1）.10% （2） .20% （3） .5% （4） .11.7%II.在其他国家境内的木国律师事务所、银行分支机构提供的服务属于服务贸易屮的（D ）（1）.境外消费（2）.跨境提供（3）・口然人流动（4）・商业存在12.企业通过各种不同的方式，进口原料、材料或零件，利用木国的生产能力和技术，加工成成品后再出口，从而获得以外汇体现的附加价值，这-国际化方式称（C）（1）•一般贸易（2）.技术贸易（3）.加工贸易（4）.国际特许经营13某公司为东道国建造工厂或具他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，即将该工厂或项目所有权和管理权依合同完整地给对方，这一国际化方式称（D ）o（1）.国际特许经方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程14.麦当劳在中国开设连锁店属于（A）（1）.国际特许经营方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程15.根据消费者对产品的需求欲望、购买行为与购买习惯的差异，把整个国际市场划分为两个或更多的消费者群，从而确定国际目标市场的活动过程是（B ）（1）.国际市场定位（2）.国际市场细分（3）.国际口标市场选择（4）.国际市场评估16.宝洁公司将牙膏细分为价嫌物美、防治牙病、洁齿美容、口味清爽四个市场，该细分市场的依据是（C ）o（1）.地理 B.人口（3）.心理（4）.行为17.（A）是指金业把整个国际市场看作一个人的单一目标市场，认为市场上所有消费者对本企业产品的需求都不存在差异性。
（1）.无差异市场策略 （2）.差异性市场策略 （3）.市场定位策略 （4）.集 中性营销策略18. （B ）是指金业同时经营儿个细分市场，并为每个细分市场设计不同的产品。
（1）.无差异市场策略 （2）.差异性市场策略 （3）・市场定位策略 （4）・集 中性营销策略19. 将白己的产品定位在目标市场上尚未得到满足的那部分需求的策略是（A ）（1）.市场空隙策略 （2）.追随市场领先者策略（3）.市场挑战者策略（4）.差异化策 略20. 我国曾向伊朗出口 10万辆自行车，由于在车座所用皮革上没有注意伊斯兰教的特殊要 求，受到伊朗进口商的刁难。
这提醒我们在跨国经营活动中应重视其他民族的（B ）。
（1）,生活习惯 （2），宗教信仰 （3），体态语言差界 （4）,文字语言差异21. 在一•般巴西人的观念中，紫色表示悲哀，因而有紫色饰带的日木钟表会受到巴西人的冷国际化的第四阶段2&最基本的企业营销组合4P 是指（）（1）・产品、价格、计划、促销 （2）・产品、价榕、计划、请求（3）.产吊、价格、渠道、促销 （4）.产品、价格、计划、渠道29.明星产品指具有高市场增长率和（）的业务。
（1）,高市场占有率 （2），高收益率（3），高回报率 （4），高风险30 （（D ）如不能向金牛产殆发展，应果断淘汰，继续维持只会加重企业的负担。
（1）.瘦狗产品 （2）.明星产品 （3）.问题产品 （4）.新产品31.如杲一家公司试图在所侑东道国（），那它就会在低薪国家因成本高在市场上站不住脚, 而在高薪国家乂招聘•不到合格的管理人员。
（1），实施差别工资 （2），使用严格等级制工资（3），工资递增制度 （4）,保持同一工资水平32市场比较集小、渠道短、销售力量强及产品需经过示范、退换的商品，一般使用（）（1）.广告推销（2）.人员推销 （3）.营业推广（4）。
公共关系33.国际直接分销渠道不经过任何（）。
落，这反映了巴西人独特的（A ）0（2），质量观念 最注意准时的是（ （2），印度人（1），审美观念 22. 牛活节奏最快， （1）,中国人 23. 以下国家中，时间观念最差的国家是 （1）,美国 （3）,消费观念 （4），时间观念 ）。
)o（2），意大利 24. 世界上信徒最多的三大宗教是（ （1），卬度教、儒教、犹太教（3），基督教、伊斯兰教、印度教 ）。
(2) (4) （3）,印尼人 （4），新加坡人 （3），英国 （4）,巴西 佛教，基督教、伊斯兰教、 ，基督教、卬度教、佛（3），吸烟 （4）,喝葡萄汁 26. 在国际经营活动中，正确运用语言是十分重要的。
对经营活动中所涉及的函电、合同、 商品牌名、产品说明、广告等，可将其视作为（）o（1）, 口头语言 （2）,文字语言 （3）,体态语言 （4）,人体语言27. 当公司肓接卷入在国外的采购或推销，或在海外肓接制造产品和提供劳务，并且在海外 有£1己的长期派驻人员时，在公司的组织中，可能有一个“国际部''而不只是一个国际“科"， 此时，该公司的发展处于（）。
（1），国际化的第一阶段 （2）,国际化的第二阶段 （3）,国际化的第三阶段 （4）,（1）,制造商（2）,消费者（3）,最终用户（4）,屮间商34 （）是指销售渠道屮的每个层次使用同类屮间商数目的多少。
（1）,渠道长度（2），产品线长度（3），产品线宽度（4），渠道宽度35.本国派出的经理应熟悉母公司的情况，熟悉母公司的政策、习惯做法及人事状况等，因此西方跨国公司中较为常见的做法是（）。
（1）,高层管理人员本土化（2）,高层管理人员国际化（3）,高层管理人员区域化（4）, 高层管理人员母国化36.一个组织、经济实体或个人的以外币计价的资产（债权、权益）与负债（债务、义务）, 因外汇汇率波动而引起的价值上涨或下降的可能，称为（）（1）.资产风险（2）.债务风险（3）.财务风险（4）•外汇风险37.以外国货币定值或计价的合同，在汇率变动后进行收付结算时其本币价值发生增减变化的可能性，称为（）o（1）.交易风险（2）.折算风险（3）.经济风险（4）•财务风险38.（）有时也被称为会计风险，产牛于国际企业将其国外附属公司或投资经营项目成果的计值单位由记账外币换算成本币的换算过程。
（1）.交易风险（2）.经济风险（3）.折算风险（4）.投资风险二、多选题1 •国际商务和国内商务的区别主要表现在（BCD ）（1）木质属性不同（2）发展环境不同（3）活动方式不同（4）悸理因素与方式不同2.当代跨国公司的发展趋势是（ABCD ）（1）实行本地化经营，塑造当地化概念（2）越来越重视高新技术发展；注重信息化管理（3）对发展中国家愈来愈重视（4）跨国并购H趋剧烈3 •当代跨国公司的主要特征（ABC ）（1）生产经营活动的跨国化（2）经营战略全球化（3）公司内部一体化（4）经营领域单一化4.（（1）（2）（3））是当代最重要的国际经济组织（ABC ）（1）. WTO （2） .IMF （3） .WB （4） .APEC5.将竞争参与者类型和竞争参与方式结合起来，国际竞争的主要类型包括（ABC）（1）.全球市场竞争（2）.多国市场竞争（3）•大宗贸易市场竞争（4）.纯国内市场竞争6.跨国公司使用成本领先战略适用条件包括（BCD ）（1）.现有竞争企业之间的价格竞争非常激烈；（2）•企业所处产业的产品基本上是标准化或者同质化的；（3）•实现产品差异化的途径很少；（4）.多数顾客使用产品的方式相同；7.跨国公司使用差异化战略适用条件包括（ABC ）（1）可以有很多途径创造金业与竞争对手产站之间的差界，并且这种差界被顾客认为是有价值的；（2）顾客对产品的需求和使用要求是多种多样的，即顾客需求是有差界的；（3）.采用类似差界化途径的竞争对手很少，即真疋能够保证企业是“差界化”的；（4）.技术变革很快，市场上的竞争主要集屮在不断地推出新的产品特色。
8.东道国民族企业在以下哪些方面较其他国家的跨国企业具冇优势（ABC ）（1） .民族企业更能适应木国政治、经济、法律及文化等诸因素所组成的投资环境（2） .民族企业常得到木国政府的优惠和保护（3） .民族企业不必担负跨国经营企业所无法逃避的各种费用和风险（4） .民族企业生产或服务效率更高9.国际生产折衷理论提出决定一国企业对外直接投资的变量包括（ABD ）（1） .所有权优势（2）.内部化优势（3）.成本优势（4）.区位优势10.企业国际化的过程一般包括（ABCD ）（1）.间接的或被动的进出口阶段（2）.直接的或主动的进出口阶段（3）・设立海外代理机构阶段（4）.成熟的多国导向型阶段11.按照授权范围人小，许可经营可以分为：（ABCD ）（1）.独占许可（2）.排他许可（3）.普通许可（4）.分许可12・国际市场细分的作用主要是（ABCD ）（1）.为金业走向市场和把握市场特征提供了有利的分析工具；（2）.有助于企业发现新的市场机会，开发新的市场；（3）.有利于减少竞争对手；（4）.有利于企业扬长避短，发挥优势，增强竞争力。