清华老外中经典高频口语_2008类

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To Find Energy Sources That Are More Enviromentally FriendlyOn March 24.1989,a ship called the Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound in Alaska.The ship was en route to Los Angeles and was carrying more than 150 million liters of crude oil Within six hours of its grounding ,more than thirty million liters were spread across many hundreds of square kilometers of water,and it would ultimately wash up along more than two thousand kilometers of shoreline.Many thousands of birds,plants ,seals, otters and other marine animals died and the oil spill made news headlines around the world.Oil was still in the environment more than ten years later,and the ecomomic impacts ran to hundreds of millions of dollars.While there were several contributing causes of the Exxon Valdez disaster, it happened for one reason: human beings use huge amounts of energy. Fossil fuels, including oil, are used to power our cars, boats and airplanes and to heat our homes and cook our food. Electricity, generated from failing water, buring coal or other sources, runs our refrigerators, computers , television sets and hundreds of other things. North Amercians are in African, uses energy, consumers, per capita, in the world but everyone, whether in North Amercian or in Africa,uses energy, and harnessing and using energy sources such as coal, oil or even falling water puts a huge strain on the environment.If we won‟t stop doing this, and even the most ardent environmentalist doesn‟t dare to even dream about that, can we find ways to use enery more efficiently, ues it without putting pollutants into the air and water and find energy sources that are more environmentally friendly? There are some encouraging signs because we are now using more solar energy and wind energy, and we are beginning to develop truly workable electric cars, but the reality is these things are having only a small effect so far. We will contribute to use fossil fuels for decades to come, and we will continue to pump poisons into our air and water. We are also learning to remediate some of the damage. We have already done because of poor environmental practices in the past.Unfortunately, all of these cost a lot of money and another reality is that, while the rich countries will spend the money, the poorer countries won‟t or, in some cases can‟t, so there is a consistant battle going on. It‟s a battle we can‟t afford to lose and some people fear we have already lost. Those who say we have already gone too far often point to global warming to prove their case and we will look at this phenomenon next month in Love Our World.PlanetHow the underwhelming Copenhagen Accord could yet turn into a useful documentFACED with the undoubled grandeur of climate change, a grand response seems in order. But, to the immediate disappointment to most of those participating and watching, the much anticipated UN climate conference held in Copenhagen in December led to no such thing.Initial ambitions for a legally binding agreement with numerical targets for big emitters hadalready been abandoned in favour of a politically binding deal in which developed and developing countries would commit themselves to numerical targets to cut emissions. In the event a few countries produced a short “accord” that sets dowm no specific limits for future emissions beyond those that its signatories volunteer and the commitments they have made so far do not look tough enough to limit the rise in temperature to above preindustrial levels, the widely accepted boundary beyond which scientists do not recommend goingHardly a grand response. Yet the Copenhagen. Accord is not the disaster that it at first appears. On two issue in particular the Copenhagen conference may yet mark the beginning of a new way forward.First, the UN‟s climate process has for more than a decade been bedeviled by a binary split between developed and developing countries. Under the Kyoto Protocol, only developed countries committed themselves to cutting emissions; developing countries made no such promises. That was the main reason why Kyoto failed, because Amercia would not accept a treaty that required nothing of countries such as china, and china insisted that the rich world should bear most of the necessary costs of constraining emissions. At Copenhagen developed countries were determined to move beyond this structure; many developing countries to hang on to it. That was the obstacle on which the conference fondered.Yet the Copenhagen Accord makes some progress towards closing this split. Developing, as well as developed. Countries signed up to it. And have agreed to an intemational role in monitioring any cuts they commit themselves to. That is a crucial concession.More than they can chewThe second reason for hope is that Copenhagen‟s failure may have encouraged the developed of political structures better suited to the challenge. Climate change is not just an unusually grand problem. It is also an unusually complex one, which crosses and confounds the boundaries that normally define our world; from farming to forestry, shipping to sovereignty, all sorts of interests are brought together in new ways that demand new actions. Trying to deal with all the sources of the many gases involved in a single set of negotiations, in a forum of 193 countries, is always s tall order.The Copenhagen Accord edges towards allowing negotiations to take place in new forums. Some of its provisions,notably on mechanisms for funding mitigation efforts in developing countries, can take effect outside the UN process. That could mark a new plurslism in climate politics, allowing coalitions of the willing to form for specific purposes –such as slowing deforestation. Or stemming emissions from shipping.There are risks to slice up the problem into smaller pieces. Bunding everything together, so that all parties need to offer some give in order to get their take, is a time-honoured format for negotiations; and stepping back form doing everything in one forum may mean doing less overall. But the world has twice, at Kyoto and at Copenhagen, tried to deal with the problem in one go, and failed. Smaller groups such as the G20 or the Major Economies Forum offer a better prospect for carbon, and in debating and approving or rejecting agreements whose details will largely be worked out elsewhere.Many problems lie ahead-and not just as a result of Copenhagen‟s failure. The main danger lies in the Amercian whether to approve or reject legislation to set up a cap-and-trade system to put a price on carbon. That will have more impact than any intemational conference, includingCopenhagen, on the future levels of greenhouse-gas emissions. But global negotiations will need to continue-and the participants need to learn ong useful lesson from Copenhagen. Climate change is too big a problem to be swallowed in a single bite. Smaller groups. Dealing with more manageable-sized chunks, have a better chanceMurdoch Attempts To Weaken GoogleRupert Murdoch‟s effort to change the economics of the internet by stopping Google linking to stories in his newspapers looks, at first glance, like an act of self-destruction. That is how News Corp‟s negotiations on a deal to favor Microsoft‟s search engine Bing instead is viewed by many rivals and technology experts.On closer inspection, however, Murdoch‟s initiative has an intriguing logic for other media groups facing the market power of Google. It may not achieve his desired result but it indicates how little he has to lose in revenur terms by experimenting.Most publishiers, including newspapers, have so far made their stories available free online. Their strategy is to make up for lost revenues from print subscriptions by gaining larger audiences online. The Guardian, for example, now reaches 30 millin unique users a month.One common strategy is to achieve higer ranking on Google and news aggregators so that people are drawn to them. This is what Jeff Jarvis,a professor at City University of New York, commends as “the link economy”.Newspapers, however, face the painful reality that, while traffic from search engines is valuable in marketing terms, it has not produced the revenue for which they hoped. Online advertising rates are fallig because of the mass of content on the web, and advertisers do not reward random clicks.Some 23 percent of traffic to the online Wall Streat Journal,Murdonch‟s flagship property, comes through Google and yet it probably brings in a few millions of dollars of advertising revenue. Murdoch, having considered this financial reality, hopes that Microsoft will offer more.His battle is part of a bigger contest over the future of newspapers online. Only The Wall Street Journal and The Finanicial Times have so far managed to charge their readers online., although The New York Times is again considering it, and The Times is in the forefront of Murdoch‟s efforts to chargeNews if far from the online form of content that draws people to use search engines, so Microsoft is in a stronger bargaining position than News Corp. Yet even Murdoch‟s rivals should welcome his attempt to shake things up.No one can predict what combination of subscription and advertising revenues will be able to attract, and how many of them will survive the digital shake-out. It is clear, however, that they can not rely on Google alone for their salvation.专家答疑解惑：Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be written on and dog-eared and is comparatively dirt cheep.Leisure educationLeisure awareness,leisure consiciousnessLeisure resourcesLeisure education can help people develop their appreciation, interests, skills, and opportunities that will enable them to enhance their leisure awareness, social interaction skills, leisure resources, and leisure activity skillsWith the enchancement of their leisure consciousness, the people have begun to choose various ways to spend their long holidays.We must make full use of public leisure resource such as open spaces, public parks, museums, art galleries, stadiums, swimming pools, cinemas and theatress.When leisure is generally mentioned, people will think of singing publicly in a karaoke bar, going on a tour, taking a saune bath and watching TV and so on. It seems that leisure is always associated with entertainment.But leisure is not just entertainment. Through leisure activities, we can improve the quality of our personal life. So we should enrich the intension and extension of our leisure time. For instance, we may act as volunteers, help the disadvantaged groups, participats in such activites as environmental protection,public welfare, community service, donation and philanthropy, take care of stray animals, plant trees, and so on.Leisure should not be limited to eating,drinking, being merry, seeking pleasure, taking tours and doing shopping.Through leisure activities, we should integrate our selfdevelopment with the social atmosphere full of warmth, friendship and mutual help through this way of acting.A special summerIt was the first summer of my four year-long university because of its significance. I didn‟t dicide to open up an English summer trianiing class due to my mother‟s encouragement. She said that I should take this opportunity to develop myself.Also I thought myself that I should do something special and meaningful to make this summer unforgettable.Then I began to take actions. Mom comanied me going to the nearest to our home to publize with exciting, and my father help me arrange the place to give a teach which we called “classroom” .Three days later, my first “teaching career”began. I could still remember how anxious I was the moment I first stood on the platform. However I could feel that I was popular with my junior graduates. The following 30 days. I taught them a lot, namely, new words, new prases, new sentences, new grammer. And I did what the best I could do. Simulataneously my students performed preety well. However, they were not in coorperetion with me every time in my class. The worst thing happened to me was that a naughty boy talked something loudly with his deskmate that had nothing to do with my teaching. It made me so angry that I called him name and dcriticized him in public. As a consequence, the boy refused to come to have class the next day. What was worse, he spred rumours saying that I had hit him in public. Apparently, I was the one whose heart hurt. Having heared some people said something not real about me and realized my changing, mom encouraged me frequently. Meanwhile I thought to myself that I was the one whoshould be apologized but not the one who should give the apology because of the saying”Deeds speak louder than words”. Not the least but the last, I overcomed this difficult obstacle.In general, the feeling of this training is nice. We have stayed together each antemeridiem for 30 days, learning, communicating, laughing, playing. In class, I taught them knowledge and helped them preview the previous ones they had learned hoping that they can remember them permanently. After class,they would tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell some meaningful things they had done recently, like, grew a flowerpot of chrysanthemum, helped her mother sell vegetables in the market. It made all of us delighted. Somehow, it made me be easier on intimate terms with them and made them study more efficiently.“Time flys”, 30 days went extremely fast. All of us had to say googbye to each other with a pity. Although it was very laborious that my waist ached each time, I have gained a lot. As the saying goes ”No pains, no gains”. This summer is significant to me. I have learned that to be a good teacher requires a good mastery of knowledge, patience, the most essential one is responsibility. Only in this way can I approach to my dream of being an exellent teacher. I love this training, I love this summer.The last summer vacation was especially important because it was the first one in my four year-year college life. I decide to open an English summer training class due to my mother‟s encouragement. She said that I should take this opportunity to develop myself as a teacher. Also I want to do something special and meaningful to make this summer unforgettable.Then I began to take actions. Mom accompanied me around the neighborhood, promoting my training class, and my father helped me arrange a place that could be used as my classroom. Three days later, my first teaching career began. I could still remember how anxious I was the moment I first stood in front of the class. However I could feel that I was popular with my junior-high graduates. During the following 30 days, I taught them a lot , such as new words, new phrases, new sentences, and new grammar. I did my best, and my students also performed pretty well. However, they were not always in cooperation with me in my class. The worse thing happened to me was that a naughty boy talked about something loudly with his desk-mate that had nothing to do with my teaching. It made me so angry that I called his name and criticized him in public. As a consequence, the boy refused to come to class the next day. What was worse, he spread rumors saying that I had hit him in public. Apparently, I was the one whose heart hurt. Having heard the change in my mood, mom encouraging me to continue with my training class. Meanwhile I thought to myself”the naughty boy owes me an apology but not the other way around”; but soon I overcome this difficult obstacle.In general, the feeling of this training is nice. We have stayed together for 30 days, learning, communicating, laughing, and playing. In class, I taught them and helped them review previous lessons, hoping that they could learn them by heart. After class, they could tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell some or they would tell some meaningful things they had done recently, like growing a flowerpot of chrysanthemum of helping their parents sell vegetables in the market. It made all of us happy, made me on more intimate terms with them, and made them study more effiently.Thirty days went by extremely fast. All of us had to say goodbye to each other. Although the teaching was hard work and gave me constant back pains, I have gained a lot, as the sayinggoes”No pains, I gain.” This summer is significant to me. I have learned that to be a good teacher requires a good mastery of knlwledge, patience, and , the most essential, a sense of responsibility. Only in this way can I realize my dream of becoming an excellent teacher. I love this training; I love this summer.判决与挣扎Chanceller: And in three days, our heroic disc jockeys become dangerous criminals Well done, Twatt. That is my kind of Christmas present.Twatt: Thank you,sir.Chanceller: Right. Pirate radio abolished. A show of hands. Now , we have to make up our minds onIn the house of Connons today, the new Marine Offenses Act was passed unanimously.From midnight on New Year‟Eve, all priate radio stations, including, of course, RadioRock, will be breaking the law. Everyone who works on them, and indeed everyonewho listen to them, will be in contravention of the new law. And risk prison sentences,both short and long.\Count: Carl. You okay ?Carl: Yeah, just…You know, a few months ago, I made a terrible mistake.Count: Really?Carl: Yeah. But I realized something. And instead of crushing the thought the moment it came I (I)let it hang on and…Now I know it to be true. And I …m afraid it‟s stuck in my headforever.Count: what was the thought?Carl: That these are the best days of our lives. It‟s a terrible thing to know, but I know it well.Yeah . Maybe you‟ll be lucky. Maybe you‟ll have better days, but I doubt it.Count: We stood on top of the mountain, compadre. It‟s a long way do-be-do-be down. The day has come. Tonight, pirate radio dies. From midnight, we are a ghost ship floatingwithout hope on cold and dark waters. You have done almighty work here. Thankyou!最后的倒数Count: I intend to broadcast from this ship 24 hours a day until the day I die. And then for a couple of days after that.Slmon: I‟m not wanting to sound rude or anything, but don‟t you think that might be an ever so slightly monotonous experience for the listener? What do you say to 12 hours each,noble sir?Count: The way I look at it, the world couldn‟t survive without my comedy, and who‟s going tohave the moral backbone or play the Seekers when the mood is right? They‟ve splitup. I intend to celebrate the back catalog.Slmon: I intend to stop you doing so. As some of you know, my wife left me after17 hours of marriage, but I survive that because I live for music. And now, with nothing else tolive to live for, I‟m willing to die for it as well. I‟ve always for news and weather.Happy to die for them, too. Especially the weather. I‟ve got nowhere else to go. So Ithink I‟ll stick around.Count: can‟t let everyone starve. Not about to go anywhere, just when I‟m in with a chance.Obviously, I‟m in. you‟re the only people in the world who like me. Thank you, ladiesand gentlemen! So faithful followers, the end is nigh. We bid you farewell withdignity and pride. We thought we‟d never die. But ,well, we can‟t fight city hall. Andso, take care, be good. Listen to the music. It‟s a good thing to do. It‟s the count,counting down and out for the count at last. Three, two. One….I hear this one all time! Let‟s cut to the chase: if you are good at English, your English is “good.”If your English has some problems then you can say that your English is “not verygood.” Saying “My English is not very well” literally means that your English abilityhas a physical illness!I once had a conversation with a student which went like this:My student: My English is not very well.Me: very good.My student: Oh, thank you!My student thought I was complimenting him!Remember, “good” is an adjective which describes how something is.Q : how are you?A: I‟m good!“well” is an adverb, which describes how somebody does something. For example, “Idrive well,” or “I don‟t speak English well.”“well,” of course, can also be an adjective, meaning …healthy.”Q: how are you?A: I‟m well.I am boringHere‟s the problem: both “boring” and “bored” are adjective, describing words. So, which to use in which situation? Let‟s make this simple: “boring” describes someone or something that is not interesting. Although it is grammatically correct. If you say “I‟m boring,”It means not an interesting person! You could say” He‟s boring!” if this person is quiet or what he talks about is uninteresting.However, to describe your or anyone else‟s feeling ,you must use the “-ed”from of the adjective. In short, someone or something that is “-ing” makes you feel “-ed.”Example: “He‟s boring…so I‟m bored”More examples:“I feel tired. This movie is so tiring!”This food is disgusting! I‟m disgusted!“I‟m so confused! This test is really confusing!I want to be a cookierI really like the Chinese language because sometimes it is very simple: if you don‟t know the word, maybe you can guess it!For example, one time I wanted to learn how to say the word”mermaid.” My friend told me it was “beautiful fish person.” So practical!Other time I guess the words for”volcano”and even “piranha”because a volcano is a fire mountain and a piranha is a fish that eats people!English can at times also be just as simple. How? Just add”-er”!Think about this:What do you use to dry your hair?A dryer.What do you use to print some documents?A printer.What do you use to grill you meat?A griller.How to prepare for college examsPassing exams is not just about intellectual process, although that can help. The key to passing exams is to prepare well and have a process that you must follow. This will help to minimize the stress that you feel, and stress is the boring that causes perfectly capable students to fall exams.Here are my top 5 dos and 5 don‟ts tips:Dos1.Do revise thoroughly in the days or weeks before exams. For most of us there in noshortcut to success in exams-success require some hard work.2.Do take time to read exam paper questions and formulate skeletal answer plans before youstart to write the answer. This will enable you to make sure that you have pickec the best questions to answer, and that you have understood the questions correctly, and that your answer will have some sort of cohesive structure. In most cases, the reason why people fail is that they have liked to be asked rather than the questional that was asked.3.Do get your time management right. If you have 2 hours and have to answer 4 questionsthat are each worth 25% of the marks, then you should only spend half an hour on each question. You might answer the first question perfectly but it‟s only ever going to be worth25% of the marks.4.Do make sure in advance that you know where the exam is taking place and how long itwill take you to get there. Again, this is all about reducing your stress. You should make sure that you get to the exam room in time, but not too early.5.Do keep things in perspective. Sure, it may be important that you pass the exam but itwon‟t be the end of the world if you fail. You can probably resit the exam, and there are plenty of people who excel without having been academically successful.Don‟t‟s1.Don‟t swot on the morning of the exam. The knowledge needs to be already there, andyou need to use the time just before the exam to calm your nerves.2.Don‟t go to your textbook immediately after the exam to tryWhy I‟m not ChineseI was talking with my grandson the other day and asked him who discovered North Amercian. His answer, as I expected, was the first people to come here were the Vikings from Norway and they were followed later by people such as Chirstopher Columbus. That‟s what I was taught in school many years ago and that‟s what is being taught in Canada today. The problem is, it‟s wrong.In China, students learn about Emperor ZHU di and how, in the year 1421, he commissioned a vast fleet of junks under the brave and skillful guidance of admirals such as zhenghe, to discover the world for China. They sailed into the unknown and were gone for more than three years but when they returned they had discovered Africa. North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, Antarctica and countless islands in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They had sailed both the east and west coasts of the Americas, had perfected the ability to determine their latitude both north and south of the equator and, perhaps most brilliantly, had made maps showing their discoveries.Some 70 years later when Christopher Columbus entered the history books as the discoverer of America, he was following a map made by the Chinese. Other Europeans such as Ferdinand Magellan and James Cook, while they were brave adverturers, were also following in the wake of the early Chinese explores. So why don‟t they teach Canadian children that in school?Part of the reason is that the story of the early Chinese explorers has only recently been written. Thanks in large measure to a British researcher, Captian Gavin Menzies. The cost of the massive explorations that began in 1421 almost bankrupted China and building the ships destroyed huge areas of teak forest. In spite of the wealth of information brought back by the Chinese fleet. The bureaucracies ordered that no further exploration should take place and, to ensure this, that the records of the Chinese discoveries the destroyed. Thus, the Europeans got the credit for discovering the Americas. Most North Americans, including Canadians, trace their ancestry back to a European country and the amazing feats of the Chinese have been forgotten, at least until now Canadian schools have been slow to change but, thanks to Captain Menzies, we are learning about the first explorers and about why we should look west across the Pacific instead of eastacross the Atlantic for our history. I wonder what might happened if the bureaucracies had not ordered the records destroyed. Perhaps I would have been a Canadian born to ancestors from China. That‟s an interesting thought.。

国外生活常用必备口语之绝对经典

1、I won’t let her go without a fight! 我不会轻易放过她的2、It could happen to anyone./ It happens to anybody./ That ha ppens. 谁都可能会遇到这种情况3、I’m a laundry virgin.〔注意virgin的用法，体会老美说话之鲜活〕4、I hear you. 我知道你要说什么。

/ 我懂你的意思了5、Nothing to see here!这里没什么好看的/看什么看！6、Hello? Were we at the same table? 有没有搞错？〔注意hello 的用法，用疑问语气表示“有没有搞错？〞〕7、You are so sweet/ that’s so sweet. 你真好。

8、I think it works for me. 〔work为口语中极其重要的小词〕9、Rachel, you are out of my league〔等级，范畴〕. 你跟我不是同一类人10、You are so cute. 你真好/真得意11、Given your situation, the options with the greatest chances f orsuccess would be surrogacy. 〔given表示考虑到的意思；非常简洁好用〕12、Let’s get the exam rolling. 如今开场考试了( get……rolling的用法)13、Why don’t we give this a try?我们为何不试一下呢14、Bravo on the hot nanny!为那个性感的保姆喝彩！/赞一下那个性感的保姆！〔重点是brave on sth/sb这个句型，表示为……喝彩/赞叹的意思〕15、My way or the highway.不听我的就滚蛋！〔很漂亮的习语，压后韵〕16、I planed to go there but something just came up.我本想去那的，但突然有点事情〔注意something just came up这个搭配〕17、That’s not the point.这不是关键/问题所在18、(If) he shows up, we stick with him. 他一出现，我们就跟着他走〔着重比拟书面英语和标准的口语，表条件的if可以省略〕19、My life flashes before my eyes. 我的过往在我眼前浮现。

【最新文档】08年大学英语四级口语-教你如何听懂老外说话-word范文 (1页)

【最新文档】08年大学英语四级口语:教你如何听懂老外说话-word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 08年大学英语四级口语:教你如何听懂老外说话For those of you still worried about making mistakes , you shouldjust remember countries like Britain , America , Australia and Canada are all very multicultural countries . Multicultural means lots of different cultures . In London alone there are people living herefrom all over the world . Most of them speak English but there are many different accents . Not everyone speaks perfectly and people do make mistakes .你们很多人担心犯错，你们应该记住，像英国、美国、澳大利亚和加拿大这样的国家是多文化融合的国家。

多文化融合指的是有很多不同的文化。

单说伦敦，就有世界各地的人住在那里。

大部分人说英语但有很多不同的口音。

不是每个人都说标准的英语，而且，人们会犯错。

But as English speakers , we don ’ t worry about it . W e are really used to ( familiar with ) hearing non - native speakers of English speak English . We don ’ t care at all if they make mistakes as long as we can understand them . So as non - native speakers of English , you shouldn ’ t worry about making mis takes . Small mistakes arefine . But even if you make big mistakes and people can ’ t understand you , they will try to understand - or they will tell youif they don ’ t understand . This gives you a chance to say again in different language what you want to say .不过作为一个说英语的人，我们不需要担心这个问题。

当代老外经典高频口语(出国旅游必备)

thousand times no! 绝对办不到！Don't mention it. 没关系，别客气。

Who knows! 天晓得！It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起！How come…怎么回事，怎么搞的。

Easy does it. 慢慢来。

Don't push me. 别逼我。

Come on! 快点，振作起来！Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。

It is urgent. 有急事。

What is the fuss？吵什么？Still up？还没睡呀？It doesn't make any differences. 没关系。

Don't let me down. 别让我失望。

God works. 上帝的安排。

Don't take ill of me. 别生我气。

Hope so. 希望如此。

Go down to business. 言归正传。

None of my business. 不关我事。

It doesn't work. 不管用。

I'm not going. 我不去了。

Does it serve your purpose？对你有用吗？I don't care. 我不在乎。

Not so bad. 不错。

No way! 不可能！Don't flatter me. 过奖了。

Your are welcome. 你太客气了。

It is a long story. 一言难尽。

Between us. 你知，我知。

Big mouth! 多嘴驴！Sure thin! 当然！I''m going to go. 我这就去。

Never mind. 不要紧。

Can－do. 能人。

Close－up. 特写镜头。

Drop it! 停止！Bottle it! 闭嘴！Don''t play possum! 别装蒜！There is nobody by that name working here.这里没有这个人。

专八口试2008年英译汉答案

专八口试2008年英译汉答案第一篇：专八口试2008年英译汉答案2008年12月英译汉一位美籍教授在欢送外籍教师宴会上的祝酒词女士们，先生们，晚上好！我知道在这个热闹非凡的场合中很难吸引大家的注意，因此我的祝酒词尽量简短些。

我想借此机会，代表所有的外籍教师感谢南平大学的全体教职员工，特别是外事办的工作人员和不同系的同事们，感谢你们2007-2008学年在各方面对我们的帮助，使我们感到家的温暖。

我知道接待外籍教师并不容易，因为我们对于中国很陌生，所以不免为你们增添了许多麻烦。

不像中国的教师一样，刚来时我们需要定位，需要帮助。

于是你们为我们做着一切，从领着我们到小超市到帮我们调试电脑。

学期开始时，又会回答我们无数有关课程的问题以及我们对于这里的教育体制的适应情况。

而这些中国教师都不需要问。

当然，最重要的是，我们呆在中国时，你们还为我们做了许多其他的事情。

比如说和我们一起过假期，带我们去有趣的旅游景点以及向我们介绍中国的传统美食。

然而，到了学期末，我们中的许多人就会离开，你们不得不为接待下一轮的外籍教师重复同样的过程。

年复一年，你们不次劳苦周到地做着这些。

因此今晚，我们想对你们为我们所做的一切事情表示感谢，就比如说今晚这个美好的宴会。

同时还要感谢你们今年投资十万元升级我们的网络服务。

然而，我们还要特别感谢你们每天为我们的生活所做的大事小事，点点滴滴。

请允许我举杯，为南平大学及所有使这个地方工作和生活变得美好的人们，干杯！第二篇：2014年专八翻译及答案2014年英语专八考试汉译英部分真题（网友回忆版）当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。

我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。

可是，我也愿意升学。

我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。

只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。

入学，要交十圆的保证金。

这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。

外贸常用词汇

•Running cost经营成本：运转费用•forwarders报错•n. 货运承揽人；短材集运机；转发器（forwarder的复数）•consignee 报错英[,kɒnsaɪ'niː]美[,kɑnsaɪ'ni]全球发音跟读口语练习•n. 收件人；受托者；承销人网络释义专业释义英英释义•收货人•收件人•受托人•承销人1) C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价(2) T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇(3) D/P(document against payment)付款交单(4) D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单(5) C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证(6) G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences) 普惠制(7) CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱(8) PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等(9) DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元(10)DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打(11) PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等(12) WT(weight)重量(13) G.W.(gross weight)毛重(14) N.W.(netweight)净重(15) C/D (customs declaration) 报关单(16) EA(each)每个，各(17) W (with)具有(18) W/O(without)没有(19)FAC(facsimile)传真(20) IMP(import)进口(21) EXP（export)出口(22) MAX (maximum) 最大的、最大限度的(23) MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度(24) M或MED (medium)中等，中级的(25) M/V（merchant vessel)商船(26) S.S(steamship) 船运(27) MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨(28) DOC (document) 文件、单据(29) INT（international)国际的(30) P/L (packing list) 装箱单、明细表(31) INV (invoice)发票(32) PCT (percent)百分比(33) REF（reference)参考、查价(34) EMS（express mail special) 特快传递(35)STL.(style)式样、款式、类型(36) T或LTX或TX(telex)电传(37) RMB（renminbi)(38) S/M（shipping marks)装船标记(39)PR或PRC(price)价格(40) PUR (purchase) 购买、购货(41) S/C（sales contract)销售确认书（letter of credit)信用证(43)B/L（bill of lading)提单(44) FOB（free on board)离岸价(45) CIF（cost,insurance&freight) 成本、保险加运费价主要贸易术语/主要船务术语(1) FCA (Free Carrier)货交承运人(2) FAS (Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货(3) FOB (Free on Board)装运港船上交货(4) CFR (Cost and Freight)成本加运费(5) CIF (Cost,Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险费加运费(6) CPT (Carriage PaidTo)运费付至目的地(7) CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) 运费、保险费付至目的地(8) DAF (Delivered At Frontier)边境交货(9) DES (Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货(10) DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货(11) DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(12) DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货主要船务术语简写：(1) ORC (Origen Recevie Charges)本地收货费用（广东省收取）(2) THC (Terminal Handling Charges)码头操作费（香港收取）(3) BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费(4) CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费(5) YAS (Yard Surcharges)码头附加费(6) EPS (Equipment Position Surcharges) 设备位置附加费(7) DDC (Destination Delivery Charges) 目的港交货费(8) PSS (Peak Season Sucharges)旺季附加费(9) PCS(Port Congestion Surcharge)港口拥挤附加费(10) DOC (DOcument charges)文件费(11) O/F (Ocean Freight)海运费(12) B/L(Bill of Lading)海运提单(13) MB/L(Master Bill of Lading)船东单（或OCEAN BILL OF LADING）(14) MTD (Multimodal Transport Document)多式联运单据(15) L/C (Letter of Credit)信用证(16) C/O (Certificate of Origin) 产地证(17) S/C (Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract）销售合同(18) S/O (Shipping Order)装货指示书(19) W/T (Weight Ton)重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）(20) M/T (Measurement Ton)尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）(21) W/M(Weight or Measurement ton) 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费(22) CY (Container Yard)集装箱（货柜）堆场(23) FCL (Full Container Load)整箱货(24) LCL (Less than Container Load)拼箱货（散货）(25) CFS (Container Freight Station)集装箱货运站(26) TEU (Twenty-feet Equivalent Units) 20英尺换算单位（用来计算货柜量的多少）(27) A/W (All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(28) MLB(MiniLand Bridge)小陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(29) NVOCC(Non-V essel Operating CommonCarrier)无船承运人价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission .装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight进出口贸易:外贸常用英语词汇出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences- GSP最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment- MFNT交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费由买方负担 optional chargestobebornebytheBuyers或optional chargesforBuyers’account立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C不允许／允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed／partial shipment not permitted／partial shipment not unacceptable订单indent订货；订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘（发价） offer发实盘offer firm询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation 不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation INT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易）counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials印花税阅读已结束，如果下载本文需要使用0下载券下载想免费下载本文？立即加入VIP文档免下载券下载特权全站付费文档8折起千本精品电子书免费看分享到：把文档贴到Blog、BBS或个人站等：预览普通尺寸(450*500pix) 较大尺寸(630*500pix)窗体顶端窗体底端你可能喜欢老外经典高频口语外贸业务员电话英语口... 国际贸易术语解释通则... 西门子培训外贸业务员英语外贸英语常用外贸经验贸易术语大全100句老外经典高频口语5页1下载券老外中经典高频口语_20089页免费老外中经典高频口语13页免费老外中经典高频口语25页1下载券老外中经典高频口语暂无评价12页免费更多与“老外经典高频口语”相关的内容>>外贸业务员必备电话英语口语3页1下载券外贸业务员必备电话英语口语10页免费外贸业务员必备电话英语口语12页 1下载券外贸业务员必备电话英语口语10页 2下载券外贸业务员必备电话英语口语5页1下载券更多与“外贸业务员电话英语口语”相关的内容>>2010国际贸易术语解释通则4页1下载券_2010国际贸易术语解释通则_与2000版的比较...3页1下载券2010年国际贸易术语解释详细通则3页免费简析《国际贸易术语解释通则2010》的变化9页2下载券2010年国际贸易术语解释通则主要变化及说明3页2下载券更多与“国际贸易术语解释通则2010”相关的内容>>西门子采购培训3-自制还是外购14页2下载券西门子培训幻灯片第3讲7页免费西门子培训幻灯片第2讲16页免费西门子硬件培训教材28页1下载券西门子人员培训3页免费更多与“西门子培训”相关的内容>>外贸业务员英语面试4页1下载券外贸业务员英语面试问题2页免费外贸业务员英语8页1下载券外贸业务员英语暂无评价5页免费外贸业务员英语词汇6页3下载券更多与“外贸业务员英语”相关的内容>>外贸英语常用句型61页免费贸易术语及常用外贸英语函电书信16页免费外贸英语常用词语和术语4页1下载券常用外贸英语词汇以及精华商务短语汇编(最初级)17页3下载券外贸商务英语常用精典句型61页免费更多与“外贸英语常用”相关的内容>>外贸业务员经验之谈12页免费外贸业务员经验分享15页免费外贸经验11页免费外贸经验2页2下载券外贸9个月经验21页3下载券更多与“外贸经验”相关的内容>>国际贸易词汇术语大全Glossary of in...暂无评价3页1下载券贸易相关术语大全暂无评价30页1下载券对外贸易术语大全暂无评价3页1下载券贸易术语大全22页免费贸易术语大全5页免费更多与“贸易术语大全”相关的内容>>今日推荐146份文档2015上半年教师资格证考试教师资格考试《幼儿教育学》模拟试题2015年教师资格考试《中学心理学》冲刺试题2015教资国考小学综合素质高频考点89份文档应届生求职季宝典英文个人简历模板创意简历模板汇集推理型题分析与总结122份文档2015小升初备考攻略小学语文知识总结2015小升初英语复习备考总复习课件(共91页) 2015小升初六年级数学复习必备资料您的评论*感谢支持，给文档评个星吧！240发布评论换一换用户评价评论加载中...暂无评论©2015 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 文库协议 | 网站地图关闭评价文档：窗体顶端3全部DOC PPT TXT PDF XLS窗体底端下载0 下载券分享到：QQ空间新浪微博微信扫二维码，快速分享到微信朋友圈新版反馈加入文库VIP，获得免下载券特权。

布什清华演讲中英对照

美国总统布什在北京清华大学与学生对话的中英全文清华学生用英文提问：昨天您和江主席进行了谈话，并且开了联合发布会，您在这个会上没有清楚地回答一个问题，那就是战区导弹防御系统是否会包含台湾在内？另外，我还想问，谈到台湾问题的时候，您说和平解决，您对和平统一是怎样的看法？布什：非常好的问题，首先，我很赞赏你的英文，非常好！讲到台湾问题，很重要的一点就是美国的政府在讲到如何和平解决台湾问题的时候，总是说到和平、对话，我们强调和平这个字，我们指的是双方都要以和平的方式来解决，任何一方都不可以进行任何挑衅的行为。

我跟中国的领导人有过多次的谈话，每一次我们都强调我是支持“一个中国”的政策，而且这是长期一贯的政策，到目前为止没有改变。

至于有关导弹防御系统，我已经说得非常清楚，这是一个防御性的系统，是要帮助我们的盟友和其他一些国家来保护他们免受无赖国家的攻击，这些国家是希望发展大规模杀伤性武器的，我想制定这一点，对和平是非常有重要的，我昨天也非常清楚地说明这是事实。

我们目前正在发展导弹防御系统的过程中，目前还不知道可行不可行，但是我觉得对全世界的和平会带来贡献。

还有一点，我觉得对中国人来说，对美国人来说这一点必须要知道，美国政府希望能够以和平的方式解决发生在全世界的许多问题，那因为美国现在处理的问题非常多，好象中东的问题，你们从新闻上看到以后知道了，这是一个非常危险的时代，我们正在努力地致力于和平，我们希望克什米尔的问题也能够和平解决，这对中国也非常重要的。

我来中国以前，我到了韩国，我也明确表示，我希望以和平的方式解决朝鲜半岛的问题。

清华大学传播系学生：很遗憾，您刚才还是没有明确的回答，您总是说和平解决，而没有说和平统一。

三天前您在日本访问时，在议会发表演讲说，美国将牢记对台湾的承诺，我想问总统先生这样一个问题，美国是否还牢记他对十三亿中国人民的承诺呢？那就是遵守《中美三个联合公报》和“三不”政策。

布什：感谢您，我想台湾问题是全世界都关心的问题。

精彩书英语-书法下载集萃

: 三十六计Thirty-SixStratagems.txt (2012-12-16 13:56:16, 5.76 K, 已有 6 次下载 )附件 2 : 英文版《聊斋志异》(Strange_Stories_from_a_Chinese_Studio).pdf(2012-12-16 13:56:20, 2.16 M, 已有 3 次下载 )附件 3 : 子女与父母专题.pdf (2012-12-16 13:56:21, 423.83 K, 已有 5 次下载 )附件 4 : 123个中国成语英文版.doc (2012-12-16 13:56:21, 45 K, 已有 6 次下载 )附件 5 : 2010温总理答记者问中英文_打印版.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:22, 99 K, 已有 8 次下载 )附件 6 : 和国家名相关的英语词组.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:22, 28.5 K, 已有 4 次下载 )附件 7 : 口译强记句.doc (2012-12-16 13:56:22, 38 K, 已有 9 次下载 )附件 8 : 老外中经典高频口语_2008.doc (2012-12-16 13:56:23, 31 K, 已有 8 次下载 )附件 9 : 鲁迅文集_中英文对照__整理了好久.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:25, 1.25 M, 已有 3 次下载 )附件 10 : 美国总统奥巴马在上海演讲(中英对照全文).doc (2012-12-1613:56:25, 52 K, 已有 3 次下载 )附件 11 : 美国总统演讲全集.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:26, 286.5 K, 已有 5 次下载 )附件 12 : 儒林外史.doc (2012-12-16 13:56:27, 767.5 K, 已有 3 次下载 ) 附件 13 : 围城英文版.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:28, 414.5 K, 已有 4 次下载 ) 附件 14 : 英文格言参考.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:29, 56.5 K, 已有 7 次下载 ) 附件 15 : 英语绕口令_带翻译版.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:29, 50 K, 已有 8 次下载 )附件 16 : 英语谚语词典.doc(2012-12-16 13:56:30, 697 K, 已有 8 次下载 ) 附件 17 : 辜鸿铭的英文著作《中国人的精神》.rar(2012-12-16 13:56:31, 85.08 K, 已有 7 次下载 )附件 18 : 卡耐基人性的弱点++英文版.rar (2012-12-16 13:56:35, 1.43 M, 已有 6 次下载 )附件 19 : 名人名言大全.rar(2012-12-16 13:56:37, 1.11 M, 已有 7 次下载 ) 附件 20 : 常见的成语英文版.txt (2012-12-16 13:56:38, 7.93 K, 已有 7 次下载 )附件 21 : 疯狂英语2003年合集全部文本.txt(2012-12-16 13:56:39, 777.69 K, 已有 9 次下载 )特别推荐我国名家书法书画电子书籍。

比较齐全的英语口语材料

1. Why Do We Attend University?When we consider why we should attend universities, different people have different ideas. In some students' eyes, studying in universities means a bright future after graduation. They think they are bound to find good jobs with a good college education.However, life in the colleges and the jobs that they can find are usually somewhat disappointing. Especially under the severe competition of today's society, it is not very easy for a college graduate to find a satisfying job. As far as I am concerned, universities can provide good study opportunities and essential facilities for those who want to acquire knowledge for the construction of our country, and this is the reason why we attend the universities.2. On "Super Girls"Our class has recently held a heated discussion about the "Super Girls" phenomenon which was hot news in these years. The students show their different opinions about it.62% of the students support it. They think that it provides a chance for those with talent for singing to show. In this way, some new singers can be trained and so it can promote the development of music. And it can also improve their consciousness of competition.However, 38% of the students are against it. They believe that many students spend too much time and energy on the competition. Some students even long to become famous overnight and can't concentrate themselves on studies. What's worse, it can cause some students to worship their idols blindly.In my opinion, we can have our preference, but we shouldn't lose ourselves in the star-pursuing tide.3. Can Money Buy Happiness?Nowadays, a lot of people in society think the more money they have, the more happiness they will obtain. As a result, they will try their best to get money, even without considering the law.But in my view, the greatest happiness lies in one's satisfaction with one's surroundings. So long as we can look at things with a happy heart, we can be happy. It has nothing to do with the amount of money we have. Therefore, people shouldn't pay too much attention to the money. On the contrary, what they should do is to put their money to good use and try to have an optimistic outlook all the time.4. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Surfing the InternetWith the development of computer technology, the Internet has become more and more popular.Opinions are divided on whether students should surf the internet after class. Some students regard it as a great helper. The main reasons for this are listed as follows, first, you can surf theInternet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library. Besides, it is convenient to communicate with others by using the Internet.However, other students think that there are some disadvantages of the Internet, because there is also some information that is not good for the students. In addition, spending too much time playing games on line will not only have a bad effect on study but also do harm to our health.Therefore, we should make proper use of the Internet. It is of great importance for us to separate good plants from wild weeds.5. Natural ResourcesFor many years, we have been told that China is rich in various natural resources, so many people take it for granted that they are inexhaustible. People have not considered that one day some of these natural resources will be used up and that we will then be faced with energy crises.As a matter of fact, many of the natural resources can not be replaced once used up, such as the coal mines, oil fields, etc. Energy crises will threaten our existence because of our excessive exploitation and because of the growing population.Considering of the above, the government should try to take some actions to protect the natural resources, and people should be educated not to waste them.6. ExaminationsThere are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of examinations. Some people think that examinations can help them review the lessons regularly, while others maintain that too many examinations have frustrated them.To me, I think an examination is a good thing for both teachers and students. Teachers can find out how much the students have grasped and then improve their teaching; students, on the other hand, will learn what their weak points are and then study even harder.All in all, we should not waste time arguing whether examinations are good or not. What we should do is to try to improve the exam system and try to adjust it to our different requirements.7. HomeworkNowadays, more and more people in society have realized the importance of quality education, however, students in primary schools and high schools are still complaining that they are overloaded with too much homework.In many teachers' eyes, homework offers a good method to strengthen the knowledge the students have obtained, yet they ignore the disadvantages that homework brings. For one thing, too much homework will take up all the spare time of students', leaving them unable to enjoy the rest of their lives; for another, too much homework will do great harm to students' health, both physically and mentally.It is high time that schools thought more about the function of homework and try to take practical measures to promote the all-round development of students.8. Work and RestJust as a famous saying says: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. It is obvious that people should have adequate rest in order to work hard.Yet some students, especially those who are preparing for the college entrance examination, are worried about their lessons and spend all their daytime going over them. In their eyes, they should sacrifice their rest time in order to get high scores on tests. As a result, they suffer greatly from poor health and some of them may do poorly in the examinations.In conclusion, we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health, which is the foundation of one's success. With a poor health, one can hardly succeed in anything he does. Therefore, as students, we should have enough rest to ensure a healthy body to work and study.9. Is Honesty Going out of Style?Most Chinese people are quite familiar with the story of "The three wolves cries". We are taught to be honest when we are very young.However, as we grow up, we find that it is difficult to be honest all the time. Sometimes, we are forced to tell lies, and other times, we find people who are dishonest can enjoy great pleasure while honest people have to suffer failures. And still there are times when we have to tell lies in order not to hurt others. Consequently, people wonder whether honesty is going out of style.As far as I am concerned, honesty should always be an important feature valued by Chinese people. We should try our best to avoid telling lies (even white lies). Only in this way, is a fair society awaiting us.10. My Views of the Ban on FirecrackersMost of us may still hold a happy memory in our minds: when we were young, the Spring Festival was celebrated with the company of the flaming sparks and the loud explosions of firecrackers. But because of the numerous disasters caused by them, governments in some big cities have completely banned the firecrackers in the downtown areas.Some people are sad about this decision. They argue that they will lose the tradition of the Spring Festival. Regardless of the fires and the damage to human bodies caused by firecrackers, they only focus on the pleasure firecrackers can bring about.With the development of the modern society, more and more changes will take place in our lives, some of which may be great challenges against the traditions, but we should support the government's policy under the consideration of the whole society. What's more, upon stepping into the new century we should celebrate the Spring Festival in a more civilized way .11. The Positive and Negative Effectsof AdvertisingIn the modern information era, one can't avoid being surrounded by various kinds of advertisements. They serve as a direct bridge between manufacturers and consumers. By advertising, manufacturers can easily introduce their products and attract the attention of consumers. On the other hand, consumers will have more opportunities to get to know more about the things they are interested in.However, there are still lots of people who complain that many of the words in advertisements are rather misleading. Some manufacturers spend far too much money on advertising their products without trying to promote the quality of their goods. To make things worse, some people even use false descriptions in their advertisements for the sake of making money.Perhaps it is not advertising that should be blamed. Rather we need to strengthen advertising law. Only under the firm control of government, can advertisements benefit people in the broadest sense.12. The Generation GapNowadays, many young people are complaining that their parents can not understand them very well. They say that their parents take care of every aspect of their lives, leaving them unable to have their private space. Yet, parents are worried that their children don't show any respect to them and never give them any trust.Consequently, a household phrase is spreading. It is the "Generation Gap". By using this phrase, both the young and the old have found a good explanation for their misunderstanding of each other, yet they don't bother to take any measures to cover the distance between them.In my opinion, I think we should first admit that there are indeed some differences between parents and children. Then, we should try to take some time to communicate with each other frequently. Not only the parents, but also the kids should be equal when exchanging their views. Only by their joint efforts, can the parents and children bridge the generation gap between them.13. Science and Human LifeWith the development of science, human life has changed tremendously. People living in the 18th or 19th centuries would never imagine the advanced household appliances we are now able to enjoy. Every aspect of our lives, for instance, in the field of medicine or agriculture, has witnessed the great improvement through the application of science.However, many people complain that science has also brought disasters to human life. Some evil scientists have used their knowledge to do some illegal things. They may use science for the creation of weapons to destroy thousands of lives in wars; they might also use their knowledge to produce drugs to make a lot of money for themselves.Generally speaking, science has provided us with many valuable things. But if used wrongly, it can also lead to harm. We should try to keep science under our control and put it to the best use for mankind.14. Do "Lucky Numbers"Really Bring Good Luck?Some people think lucky numbers like "6" or "8" will bring them good luck, because they bear a similar pronunciation to the related Chinese characters which mean good luck. As a result, some young couples choose a date in which there is a "6" or "8" to hold their wedding, while many shops choose such dates to celebrate their opening ceremony.However, it is rather ridiculous to think numbers can bring good fortune to people. One's success has nothing to do with the number one chooses, but is rather related to one's own efforts. Numbers are only numbers. We should not attach too much importance to them. If you really think a lucky number can bring good luck to you, simply choose it, but don't forget to still go out of your way to make your own effort. Without your own contribution, good luck won't simply fall on you automatically.15. Film is Giving Way to TVThere is a common phenomenon in our daily lives, during the period from 1975 to 1985, film goers declined dramatically from 85,000 to about 12,000, while TV-watchers sprung up from 5,000 to 100,000.As to the reasons, we may consider the following aspects. With the popularity of TV in our households, more and more people want one because of its cheapness and convenience; on the other hand, TV programs can offer us more options at the same time.Nevertheless, films have not fully give their way, some people still prefer going to the cinema. They feel the audio-visual effects offered in the cinema is a permanent temptation.16. College StudentsGoing to Rural AreasThere is a common phenomenon in recent years, more and more students are willing to go to some rural areas to put their knowledge into practical use. In 1993, the number of students going to rural areas was only 5% of the total number of graduates, however, five years later, that percentage has more than doubled.Upon thinking about the reasons for this change, we may find some interesting things. First of all, with the development of society, college students have changed their way of thinking. They are becoming more practical. If they can get a better paid job and if they are more likely to have a nice future in the rural areas, they will no longer stick to the ideal of becoming a citizen in big cities. On the other hand, the government also advocates the choice of working in the rural areas, which encourages more young students to leave the big cities.With the development of a balanced economy, big cities will gradually lessen their attraction for the college graduates.18. My Views on TraditionMany people, especially the aged hold the idea that we should stick to the traditions of our country, otherwise, they think we will lose our distinctive Chinese character. In their eyes, we should be proud of the great traditions left by our ancestors. We should maintain these old traditions in order to differentiate ourselves from other nations.But many others are strongly opposed to it, they argue that we should not be confined to our own traditions. As to some traditions, they are clearly the obstacles to the development of our society, we should certainly not hesitate to give it up. While on the other hand, tradition may be improved through international communications. We should perhaps not be obsessed with our own traditions. On the contrary, we should be brave enough to take in all the valuable traditions that come from different nations. Only in this way, can our society be run properly and only in this way can we improve our own traditions.19. Fast FoodIn recent years, China has witnessed the prosperity of fast food restaurants in big cities. It is quite easy for people to have meals at KFC or McDonald's. At lunch time, it is hard to find seats in some fast food restaurants.While so many small restaurants are worried about how to attract more customers, foreign fast food restaurants have rushed into China. Why can they draw so many people's attention? Firstly, fast food is very fast and convenient. People can stuff themselves within several minutes. Secondly, the restaurants offering fast food also provide a very comfortable environment as well as a warm atmosphere. People can not only enjoy the food they have, but can also feel the foreign flavor the restaurants try to display.However, most of the people who regularly go to fast food restaurants rarely realize the fact that, although the food may taste delicious, fast food usually has little nutrition. I think they should eat less for the sake of their health.20. BooksBooks play an important part in our daily life. There are numerous kinds of books and each one can be categorized according to its content.Books are to human life like food to our bodies. Our lives become colorful because of the existence of books. By reading books, our knowledge can be enriched. From books, we can get to know many unfamiliar things; from books, we can learn how people live in other countries; from books, we can broaden our minds and no longer be isolated in our own living circle... In short, books can provide us with so many things.Yet some books are harmful to us. When reading them, we will be greatly affected. Therefore, try to choose good books and read them in a well-planned way.21. Women in the Modern WorldWomen are playing an increasingly important role today. In many fields of society, you can easily find lots of outstanding women. With their actions and achievements, they have showed that women can do almost everything as equally well as men. Meanwhile, with the changes of their social role, the position of women in the family has also greatly improved.Yet, there is still some discrimination against women. Some organizations refuse to have women employees. Even when women are accepted, they often do not enjoy equal pay for equal work. Furthermore, many husbands still consider their wives as their possessions.In my eyes, women should try to get more opportunities to get educated and try to be independent both mentally and financially. They should never stop fighting for equal rights in society.22. Competition and CooperationCompetition is a common phenomenon in our society. We compete when we play games, we compete in our study, and we constantly compete for jobs, customers and profit, etc. We can say that competition is one of the motives of the development of society.But we often find competition and cooperation go hand in hand. In a football game, one team is competing with the other. But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates. In most cases, we can't compete without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.While we are advocating competition, we can't forget cooperation. Nothing can be carried to an extreme. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failure. Only when competition combines with cooperation can it help in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.23. Theory and PracticeWhen talking about the importance of theory and practice, some people think theory is rather empty and abstract, so we should try to practice a lot to obtain our goals; while others maintain that practice is rather too blind and what we really need is to understand profound theories.Both of these viewpoints have their own shortcomings. The former one only focuses on the importance of practice, but in fact, practice without the guidance of theory is just like a car without an engine. The latter one ignores the importance of practice. Paying no attention to the function of practice will only lead to empty words.What we should do is to systematically combine these two viewpoints. In our practice, we should try to study the related theory to make our practice easier. While studying theories, we should try to think in which situations we can put the theories into reality.24. DiligenceDiligence is the key to success. It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exhaust ourselves all day and night without any rest. The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of self-improvement.Many people strongly believe in luck, which is a serious mistake. If luck does exist, it will never fall upon lazy bones. There are also some people who think that they are far superior to others in intelligence and therefore, do not need to study hard. They are sure about their success, but too often they will be disappointed, as few of them can be successful only with their so-called cleverness.In fact, time is always fleeting and can never be re-gained. The really clever people are those who understand the importance of diligence and make it their habit. These people are on the way to success by their own efforts.25. Cities or CountrysideWhen asked whether they would prefer to live in a city or the countryside, people tend to have different ideas. People who are in favor of city life may think it is too isolated and rather backward to live in the countryside; while advocates for country life argue that the cities are rather crowded and dirty.In fact, each way of living has its advantages as well as disadvantages. People living in the city can enjoy quick and convenient services, yet never will they have the fresh air breathed by the countrymen. On the other hand, though people living in the country will be close to nature, sometimes they will feel that they have been forgotten by modern society.In my eyes, people should have the freedom to decide where to live. They can make their own decisions according to their own situation.26. Part-time JobsNowadays, many students, including some high school students, would like to have some kind of part-time jobs. In their opinion, a part-time job can offer them a good chance to experience the real world outside schools. Additionally, they can get some money from doing this and therefore become somewhat more independent from their parents.However, parents are worried that part-time jobs will influence the studies of students. They think students will not have enough time to learn and rest，and what's more, they fear that early contacts with society, may lead to juvenile delinquency.In fact, it is not a bad thing to take a part-time job, but students should never forget their main responsibility is to study well.27. Don't Spoil the ChildrenFor many years, the "one couple, one child" policy has been carried out in China and it has proved to be an effective way to control the rapid growth of the population in our country.However, the advantages are often accompanied by some disadvantages. For example, the only child becomes the center or even the "emperor" of the family. In order to provide a bright future for the only child, many parents or grand parents show too much love to them. They do almost everything for their children to wipe away any hardship from them.Yet, when the spoiled children grow up, many of them greatly disappoint their parents. Some of them even commit crimes. Who should be blamed? I think parents should teach their children to bear hardships and tell them the correct way to communicate with others. Only by correct education, can the children be useful in the future.28. Taking Part in School ActivitiesNowadays, a large number of students show great interest in school activities. In their eyes, learning from books is not the sole task of their school career. They also wish to take every chance to obtain practical knowledge. Additionally, they find that after long hours of study, they can relax both physically and mentally by taking part in school activities.However, other students insist that school activities have nothing to do with their studies and they fear that school activities will take up too much of their time. Therefore, they would rather spend most of their time studying.As far as I'm concerned, I think we should agree with the former group of students. We can learn plenty of things from the students we meet in activities. What's more, we can also get lots of social experience from doing so. Such experience can never be learned by being a "book-worm".29. Early EducationIt's a good thing that many parents have already realized the importance of education, but some parents are too eager to start their own program to educate their young children. It's not unusual to see a 3 or 4 year old child busy learning many things, such as playing the piano, or drawing pictures, etc. However, few of them have any interest in the things they have learned, and even fewer will be successful in the future.There's a very famous saying, which goes "More haste, less speed." Without considering the age and interests of their kids, parents are actually killing their curiosity. The so-called early education will do great harm to the children's development. So, if the parents really want to pay attention to the children's education, they should first think of their children's interests, and then make a reasonable plan according to the age of their children.30. Why Do They Drop out of School?Nowadays, some students in rural areas drop out of school because of poverty. In some remote parts of the countryside, many families are too poor to afford their children's education, but some parents also think that earning money is more useful than going to school. As a result, many school children, particularly girls, are deprived of the chance to go to school.I think every child should have an equal opportunity to be educated. Society should try to help those poor families by donating some money to them. Furthermore, parents should beeducated to be aware of the importance of education. Children are the hope of our country, but only when they are properly educated, can they play an important role in the construction of our country.31. Keys to the 21st CenturyYoung students will be the main work force in the 21st Century. To be a qualified talent, they should acquire two important keys, which are English and the knowledge of computers respectively.In the new century, English will be the major language used in communicating with people in different countries. To master the language means to have more opportunities to succeed. Additionally, computers are coming into almost every aspect of our lives. Knowing about them will be a basic requirement in the new century. Without the knowledge of computers, one can hardly cope with others in business or in daily life.As a student, we should work harder and master these two important keys to make a greater contribution to society.32. The Importance of Early RisingJust as Benjamin Franklin says "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." It's true that early rising benefits us in many ways.First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air,but air is never so fresh in other time of the day as that in the early morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health. Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly. Third, it can enable us to plan our work for the day. We cannot work well without a proper plan. Early rising can also give us enough time to get ready for our work.So we urge that those who always get up late should make great effort to get up early.33. The Harm of Fake CommoditiesWith the rapid economic development, fake commodities have rushed into our life and greatly affected the normal market order. As can be seen, fake commodities are greatly harmful to both the consumers and the manufacturers.But why have fake commodities become so common? For one thing, some businessmen take risks producing and selling fake goods just for the purpose of making money, and some customers buy those products because of the lower prices. For another thing, the punishment for producing fake goods is not severe enough to stop the violators. Therefore, today's market has been flooded with fake brands of food, clothing and medicine, etc.Fake commodities have left thousands of people in confusion and panic: they no longer have a sense of safety. How terrible! I think it is high time we took some measures to clean up our society.34. Keeping PetsNowadays, many people would like to keep pets as their companions. There are so many pet shops, pet foods and even pet clinics around us. For the pet owners, pets are their favorite friends and can bring them countless pleasures.However, pets can bring problems to others as well. Some people complain that their lives are disturbed by so many dogs' barking; some children even get hurt by the dogs or cats. Many people think that pet-keeping should be limited.As far as I am concerned, pets are our friends so we should treat them kindly. Yet we should also consider other people's feelings. I hope while we are enjoying the happiness pets bring to us, other people can also continue their quiet and peaceful lives.35. OpportunitiesSome people believe that opportunities only knock at the door of the luckiest few regardless of their ability, educational background or what kind of person they are. Therefore, instead of working hard to create some chances, they wait passively for the arrival of opportunities.However, many others think that opportunities can be obtained with active efforts. In their eyes, opportunities always come to those people who are well prepared. So these people always work hard and try their best to seek every possible opportunity.As to me, I think I would stand on the side of the latter group of people. If we do nothing but wait, we will rarely have any opportunities, as opportunities and our efforts are closely related.36. Children's Schoolbags are Getting HeavierNowadays, more and more students are complaining about the heavy burden of study they are faced with. They find their schoolbags are getting heavier and heavier and the hours they spend on their homework are becoming longer and longer.Why can't the students get rid of the heavy load? For one thing, parents who expect too much of their children put severe pressures on them. They want their children to get high grades, do well in tests and always be the top students. For another thing, teachers at schools also attach too much importance to studies. They believe that students' high scores will provide obvious evidence of their excellent teaching.Society should pay more attention to the health of the students, and teachers and parents should have the correct attitude towards the students' development. Only in this way, can we relieve the students of their heavy schoolbags.37. My Views on the Developmentof Private Car Ownership。

外贸找客户1-6 老外中经典高频口语

1、I won’t let her go without a fight!我不会轻易放过她的2、It could happen to anyone./It happens to anybody./That ha ppens.谁都可能会遇到这种情况3、I’m a laundry virgin.（注意virgin的用法，体会老美说话之鲜活）4、I hear you.我知道你要说什么。

/我懂你的意思了5、Nothing to see here!这里没什么好看的/看什么看！6、Hello?Were we at the same table?有没有搞错？（注意hello 的用法，用疑问语气表示“有没有搞错？”）7、You are so sweet/that’s so sweet.你真好。

8、I think it works for me.（work为口语中极其重要的小词）9、Rachel,you are out of my league（等级，范畴）.你跟我不是同一类人10、You are so cute.你真好/真可爱11、Given your situation,the options with the greatest chances f orsuccess would be surrogacy.（given表示考虑到的意思；非常简洁好用）12、Let’s get the exam rolling.现在开始考试了(get……rolling的用法)13、Why don’t we give this a try?我们为何不试一下呢14、Bravo on the hot nanny!为那个性感的保姆喝彩！/赞一下那个性感的保姆！（重点是brave on sth/sb这个句型，表示为……喝彩/赞叹的意思）15、My way or the highway.不听我的就滚蛋！（很漂亮的习语，压后韵）16、I planed to go there but something just came up.我本想去那的，但突然有点事情（注意something just came up这个搭配）17、That’s not the point.这不是关键/问题所在18、(If)he shows up,we stick with him.他一出现，我们就跟着他走（着重比较书面英语和标准的口语，表条件的if可以省略）19、My life flashes before my eyes.我的过往在我眼前浮现。

托福口语 08年机经

Speaking （08—10）08第一题 what time in a year you like most?第二题 Dis/agree Having a relaxed or unhurried life is most important for a person1最喜欢的subject2，small class or large class大lecture和小class喜欢哪个1 What qualities should a leader have?2 Do you agree or disagree: people should always tell the truth?1．describe which kind of skills you are good at and why it's important to you?2．有的人喜欢准确的plan how to spend free time，有的人则不plan。

你倾向那种？为什么1.医生，老师，农民，哪一个职业对社会贡献最大？2.同意或不同意，为了过的快乐，去做喜欢的的工作1. 印象比较深的celebration,为什么important?2. 与朋友、家人联系用letter or E-mail,还是telephone?1 describe a character in a book，film , poem, explain why you like it.2、do you think that university student is wasting time to take others course in other school that beyond their major.1.描述你觉得最重要的物品(Describe an object that is the most important to you)，并说明如何得到的和为什么重要。

看哈佛老外中经典高频口语_2008类

老友记中经典高频口语2008-07-24 19:33b1、I won’t let her go without b fight! 我不会轻易放过她的bb2、It could hbppen to bnyone./ It hbppens to bnybody./ Thbt hbppens. 谁都可能会遇到这种情况bb3、I’m b lbundry virgin.（注意virgin的用法，体会老美说话之鲜活）bb4、I hebr you. 我知道你要说什么。

/ 我懂你的意思了bb5、Nothing to see here!这里没什么好看的/看什么看！bb6、Hello? Were we bt the sbme tbble? 有没有搞错？（注意hello的用法，用疑问语气表示“有没有搞错？”）bb7、You bre so sweet/ thb t’s so sweet. 你真好。

bb8、I think it works for me. （work为口语中极其重要的小词）bb9、Rbchel, you bre out of my lebgue（等级，范畴）. 你跟我不是同一类人bb10、Y ou bre so cute. 你真好/真可爱bb11、Given your situbtion, the options with the grebtest chbnces forbbsuccess would be surrogbcy. （given表示考虑到的意思；非常简洁好用）bb12、Let’s get the ex bm rolling. 现在开始考试了( get……rolling的用法)bb13、Why don’t we give this b try?我们为何不试一下呢bb14、Brbvo on the hot nbnny!为那个性感的保姆喝彩！/赞一下那个性感的保姆！（重点是brbve on sth/sb这个句型，表示为……喝彩/赞叹的意思）bb15、My wby or the highwby.不听我的就滚蛋！（很漂亮的习语，压后韵）bb16、I plbned to go there but something just cbme up.我本想去那的，但突然有点事情（注意something just cbme up这个搭配）bb17、Thb t’s not the point.这不是关键/问题所在bb18、(If) he shows up, we stick with him. 他一出现，我们就跟着他走（着重比较书面英语和标准的口语，表条件的if可以省略）bb19、My life flbshes before my eyes. 我的过往在我眼前浮现。

经典高频口语以及美国俚语

1、I won’t let her go without a fight! 我不会轻易放过她的2、It could happen to anyone./ It happens to anybody./ That happens. 谁都可能会遇到这种情况3、I’m a laundry virgin.（注意virgin的用法，体会老美说话之鲜活）4、I hear you. 我知道你要说什么。

/ 我懂你的意思了5、Nothing to see here!这里没什么好看的/看什么看！6、Hello? Were we at the same table? 有没有搞错？（注意hello的用法，用疑问语气表示“有没有搞错？”）7、You are so sweet/ that’s so sweet. 你真好。

8、I think it works for me. （work为口语中极其重要的小词）9、Rachel, you are out of my league（等级，范畴）. 你跟我不是同一类人10、You are so cute. 你真好/真可爱11、Given your situation, the options with the greatest chances for success would be surrogacy. （given表示考虑到的意思；非常简洁好用）12、Let’s get the exam rolling. 现在开始考试了( get……rolling的用法)13、Why don’t we give this a try?我们为何不试一下呢14、Bravo on the hot nanny!为那个性感的保姆喝彩！/赞一下那个性感的保姆！（重点是brave on sth/sb这个句型，表示为……喝彩/赞叹的意思）15、My way or the highway.不听我的就滚蛋！（很漂亮的习语，压后韵）16、I planed to go there but something just came up.我本想去那的，但突然有点事情（注意something just came up这个搭配）17、That’s not the point.这不是关键/问题所在18、(If) he shows up, we stick with him. 他一出现，我们就跟着他走（着重比较书面英语和标准的口语，表条件的if可以省略）19、My life flashes before my eyes. 我的过往在我眼前浮现。

高级口译08年5月份真题

Directions: Talk on the following topic for 5 minutes. Be sure to make your paints clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded.Start your talk with “My name is …”“My registration number is…”.Topic: Will petty criminals get light punishment?Questions for reference::1. A new prosecution guideline was recently released: people convicted of petty crimes may getlight punishment if they are minors, the elderly people, and peopled who have slightly breached the law because of poverty. what do you think of this new law?2.This new law is said to be a humane practice and it will help them put their lives back in orderand better serve their families. do you think it can achieve its end?3.Some people think tat if petty crimes are not punished in a timely way, more seriousconsequences will follow. what do you think of this argument?Passage 1我们要推动科技创新，增强自主创新能力。

清华商务英高语口语900句[含中文释义]类

Unit One 希望与要求1ePert I 1ePert II 1eUnit Two 产品介绍1ePert I 1ePert II 2eUnit Three 业务范围介绍3ePert I 3ePert II 3eUnit Four 承诺4eUnit Five 询盘4ePert I 4ePert II 5eUnit Six 报盘5ePert I 5ePert II 6eUnit Seven 还盘7ePert I 7ePert II 7eUnit Eight 对还盘的反应 8ePert I 8ePert II 9eUnit Nine 要求优惠10ePert I 10ePert II 10eUnit Ten 给予优惠11eUnit Eleven 双方让步11eUnit Twelve 订货及确认 12ePert I 12ePert Two 13eUnit Thirteen 请求代理并说明代理理由及代理能力14ePert One.14ePert Two 14eUnit Fourteen.对代理请求的回应15ePert one 15ePert Two 16eUnit Fifteen 代理条件和要求16ePert one 16ePert Two 17eUnit Sixteen 合同18ePert One 18ePert Two 18eUnit Seventeen 卖方对支付方式的要求19ePert One. 19ePert Two 20eUnit Eighteen 买方的支付方式21eUnit Nineteen 保险22ePert One 22ePert Two 22eUnit Twenty 对包装的建议及要求23ePert One 23ePert Two 24eUnit Twenty-One 告知客户包装所用材料、方式及其质量保证25ePert One 25ePert Two 26eUnitTwenty-Two 货运通知27eUnit Twenty-Three 货运要求及答复28eUnit Twenty-Four 催运货物并告知货物迟到结果29ePert one 29ePert Two 29eUnit Twenty-Five 仲裁30ePert One 30ePert Two 31eUnit Twenty-Six 索赔理由及依据31ePert One 31ePert Two 32eUnit Twenty-Seven 索赔内容及金额33ePert One 33ePert Two 34eUnit Twenty-Eight 对索赔要求的回应35ePert One 35ePert Two 35eUnit Twenty-Nine 对引进技术的要求36eUnit Thirty 技术引进的方式及费用37eUnit One 希望与要求ePert Ie1. We’e like to express out eesire to esteelish eusiness reletions with you on the eesis of equelly, mutuel eenefit ene the exehenge of neeeee gooes.e 我方希望能在平等、互利、互通有无的基础上与贵司建立业务关系。

英语字典

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Quirky Quality DictionaryAAcademic Quality Improvement Project (AQIP): A forum for institutions to review each other's action projects. Acceptable quality level (AQL): In a continuing series of lots, a quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of satisfactory process average. Acceptance number: The maximum number of defects or defectives allowable in a sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.Acceptance sampling: Inspection of a sample from a lot to decide whether to accept that lot. There are two types: attributes sampling and variables sampling. In attributes sampling, the presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units inspected. In variables sampling, the numerical magnitude of a characteristic is measured and recorded for each inspected unit; this involves reference to a continuous scale of some kind. Acceptance sampling plan: A specific plan that indicates the sampling sizes and associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes sampling, for example, there are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain and skip-lot sampling plans. In variables sampling,there are single, double and sequential sampling plans. (For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the standard ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2, Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols—Statistical Quality Control.)Accreditation: Certification by a duly recognized body of the facilities, capability, objectivity, competence and integrity of an agency, service, or operational group or individual to provide the specific service or operation needed.Accuracy: The characteristic of a measurement that tells how close an observed value is to a true value.Action plan: A specific method or process to achieve the results called for by one or more objectives. May be a simpler version of a project plan.Activity network diagram: An arrow diagram used in planning and managing processes and projects. Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP): Segment of QS-9000 process that uses tools to offer the opportunity to get ahead of problems and solve them before the problems affect the customer.Affinity diagram: A management tool used to organize information (usually gathered during a brainstorming activity).Alignment: The actions taken to ensure a process or activity supports the organization's strategy, goals and objectives.American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA): An organization that formally recognizes another organization's competency to perform specific tests, types of tests or calibrations.American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI): Released for the first time in October 1994, an economic indicator and cross industry measure of the satisfaction of U.S. household customers with the quality of the goods and services available to them—both those goods and services produced within the United States and those provided as imports from foreign firms that have substantial market shares or dollar sales. The ACSI is co-sponsored by the University of Michigan Business School, ASQ and the CFI Group.American National Standards Institute (ANSI): ANSI is a private, nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It is the United States' member body in the International Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT): The world's largest technical society for nondestructive testing (NDT) professionals.American Society for Quality (ASQ): A professional, not-for-profit association that develops, promotes and applies quality related information and technology for the private sector, government and academia. The Society serves more than 108,000 individuals and 1,100 corporate members in the United States and 108 other countries. American Society for Quality Control (ASQC): Name of the Society from 1946 through the middle of 1997; then changed to ASQ.American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): Not-for-profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services. American Society for Training and Development (ASTD): A membership organization providing materials, education and support related to workplace learning and performance.American standard code for information interchange (ASCII): Basic computer characters accepted by all American machines and many foreign ones.Analysis of means (ANOM): A statistical procedure for troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with factors at fixed levels. It provides a graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the procedure in 1967 because he observed that nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality practitioners to use because it is an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further extended the concept, enabling analysis of means to be used withnon-normal distributions and attributes data where the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is referred to as analysis of means for treatment effects.Analysis of variance (ANOVA): A basic statistical technique for analyzing experimental data. It subdivides the total variation of a data set into meaningful component parts associated with specific sources of variation in order to test a hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate variance components. There are three models: fixed, random and mixed.Appraisal cost: The cost involved in ensuring an organization is continually striving to conform to customers' quality requirements.Arrow diagram: A planning tool to diagram a sequence of events or activities (nodes) and the interconnectivity of such nodes. It is used for scheduling and especially for determining the critical path through nodes.AS9100: An international quality management standard for the aerospace industry published by the Society of Automotive Engineers; also published by other organizations worldwide, as EN9100 in Europe and JIS Q 9100 in Japan. The standard is controlled by the International Aerospace Quality Group (see listing). Assessment: A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the current, historical or projected status of an organization.Assignable cause: A name for the source of variation in a process that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Also called "special cause." Association for Quality and Participation (AQP): Affiliate organization of the American Society for Quality (ASQ) dedicated to improving workplaces through quality and participation practices.Attribute data: Go/no-go information. The control charts based on attribute data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count chart, count per unit chart, quality score chart and demerit chart.Attributes, method of: Measurement of quality by the method of attributes consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration and counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no-go gauging of a dimension.Audit: The inspection and examination of a process or quality system to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or may be specific to a function, process or production step.Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG): The originator and sole source of the QS-9000 series of standards. ASQ's Automotive Division maintains a liaison to this group.Availability: The ability of a product to be in a state to perform its designated function under stated conditions at a given time.Average chart: A control chart in which the subgroup average, X-bar, is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.Average outgoing quality (AOQ): The expected average quality level of outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality.Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL): The maximum average outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling plan and disposal specification.Average run lengths (ARL): On a control chart, the number of subgroups expected to be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.Average sample number (ASN): The average number of sample units inspected per lot in reaching decisions to accept or reject.Average total inspection (ATI): The average number of units inspected per lot, including all units in rejected lots (applicable when the procedure calls for 100% inspection of rejected lots).Return to topBBaldrige Award: See "Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award."Baseline measurement: The beginning point, based on an evaluation of the output over a period of time, used to determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis against which change is measured.Benchmarking: An improvement process in which a company measures its performance against that of best in class companies, determines how those companies achieved their performance levels and uses the information to improve its own performance. The subjects that can be benchmarked include strategies, operations, processes and procedures.Benefit-cost analysis: An examination of the relationship between the monetary cost of implementing an improvement and the monetary value of the benefits achieved by the improvement, both within the same time period.Best practice: A superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an organization, usually recognized as "best" by other peer organizations.Big Q, Little Q: A term used to contrast the difference between managing for quality in all business processes and products (big Q) and managing for quality in a limited capacity—traditionally only in factory products and processes (little q).Black Belt (BB): Full-time team leader responsible for implementing process improvement projects—define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) or define,measure, analyze, design and verify (DMADV)—within the business to drive up customer satisfaction levels and business productivity.Blemish: An imperfection severe enough to be noticed but that should not cause any real impairment with respect to intended normal or reasonably foreseeable use (see also "defect," "imperfection" and "nonconformity").Block diagram: A diagram that shows the operation, interrelationships and interdependencies of components in a system. Boxes, or blocks (hence the name), represent the components; connecting lines between the blocks represent interfaces. There are two types of block diagrams: a functional block diagram, which shows a system's subsystems and lower level products and their interrelationships and which interfaces with other systems; and a reliability block diagram, which is similar to the functional block diagram except that it is modified to emphasize those aspects influencing reliability.Board of Standards Review (BSR): An American National Standards Institute board responsible for the approval and withdrawal of American National Standards. Body of knowledge (BOK): The prescribed aggregation of knowledge in a particular area an individual is expectedto have mastered to be considered or certified as a practitioner.Bottom line: The essential or salient point; the primary or most important consideration. Also, the line at the bottom of a financial report that shows the net profit or loss. Box, George E.P.: A native of England, Box began his career during World War II with the British Army Engineers, where he learned statistics. He studied at University College, became head of the statistical techniques research section at Imperial Chemical Industrials and obtained a doctorate. He moved to the United States and was a founder of Technometrics, published by ASQ and the American Statistical Association. A professor at the University of Wisconsin, Box is an Honorary Member of ASQ.Brainstorming: A technique teams use to generate ideas on a particular subject. Each person in the team is asked to think creatively and write down as many ideas as possible. The ideas are not discussed or reviewed until after the brainstorming session.Breakthrough improvement: A dynamic, decisive movement to a new, higher level of performance. Brumbaugh, Martin A. (deceased): The founder and first editor of Industrial Quality Control magazine. A formerprofessor of statistics at the University of Buffalo, Brumbaugh published regularly on applied statistics. Brumbaugh was instrumental in getting two separate quality organizations—the Federated Societies and the Society for Quality Control—merged into one national organization: ASQ (then ASQC). Brumbaugh was an ASQ Honorary Member.BS 7799: British commerce, government and industry stakeholders wrote BS 7799 to address information security management issues, including fraud, industrial espionage and physical disaster. May become ISO standard.Business process reengineering (BPR): The concentration on the improvement of business processes that will deliver outputs that will achieve results meeting the firm's objectives, priorities and mission.Return to topCC chart: See "count chart."Calibration: The comparison of a measurement instrument or system of unverified accuracy to a measurement instrument or system of known accuracy to detect any variation from the required performance specification.Capability maturity model: A framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process. It's an evolutionary improvement path from an immature process to a mature, disciplined process. The CMM covers practices for planning, engineering and managing software development and maintenance. When followed, these key practices improve the ability of organizations to meet goals for cost, schedule, functionality and product quality. Cascading: The continuing flow of the quality message down to, not through, the next level of supervision until it reaches all workers. Same concept as "deploying." Cause: An identified reason for the presence of a defect or problem.Cause and effect diagram: A tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the "Ishikawa diagram," because Kaoru Ishikawa developed it, and the "fishbone diagram," because the complete diagram resembles a fish skeleton. The diagram illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect (symptom). The cause and effect diagram is one of the "seven tools of quality." (See listing).Centerline: A line on a graph that represents the overall average (mean) operating level of the process.Central tendency: The tendency of data gathered from a process to cluster toward a middle value somewhere between the high and low values of measurement. Certification: The result of meeting the established criteria set by an accrediting or certificate granting organization.Certified mechanical inspector (CMI): An ASQ certification.Certified quality auditor (CQA): An ASQ certification. Certified quality auditor (CQA)-biomedical: An ASQ certification.Certified quality auditor (CQA)-hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP): An ASQ certification. Certified quality engineer (CQE): An ASQ certification. Certified quality improvement associate (CQIA): An ASQ certification.Certified quality manager: An ASQ certification. Certified quality technician (CQT): An ASQ certification. Certified reliability engineer (CRE): An ASQ certification.Certified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB): An ASQ certification.Certified software quality engineer (CSQE): An ASQ certification.Chain reaction: A chain of events described by W. Edwards Deming: improve quality, decrease costs, improve productivity, increase market with better quality and lower price, stay in business, provide jobs and provide more jobs. Chain sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan in which the criteria for acceptance and rejection apply to the cumulative sampling results for the current lot and one or more immediately preceding lots.Champion: A business leader or senior manager who ensures that resources are available for training and projects, and who is involved in project tollgate reviews; also an executive who supports and addresses Six Sigma organizational issues.Change agent: An individual from within or outside an organization who facilitates change within the organization. May or may not be the initiator of the change effort. Characteristic: The factors, elements or measures that define and differentiate a process, function, product, service or other entity.Chart: A tool for organizing, summarizing and depicting data in graphic form.Charter: A written commitment approved by management stating the scope of authority for an improvement project or team.Checklist: A tool used to ensure all important steps or actions in an operation have been taken. Checklists contain items important or relevant to an issue or situation. Checklists are often confused with check sheets (see individual entry).Check sheet: A simple data recording device. The check sheet is custom designed by the user, which allows him or her to readily interpret the results. The check sheet is one of the "seven tools of quality." (See listing). Check sheets are often confused with checklists (see individual entry). Classification of defects: The listing of possible defects of a unit, classified according to their seriousness. Note: Commonly used classifications: class A, class B, class C, class D; or critical, major, minor and incidental; or critical, major and minor. Definitions of these classifications require careful preparation and tailoring to the product(s) being sampled to enable accurate assignment of a defect to the proper classification. A separate acceptance sampling plan is generally applied to each class of defects.Closed-loop corrective action (CLCA): A sophisticated engineering system designed to document, verify and diagnose failures, recommend and initiate corrective action, provide follow-up and maintain comprehensive statistical records.Code of conduct: Expectations of behavior mutually agreed on by a team.Collier, Simon (deceased): An ASQ president who led the Society during a critical growth period in 1952-53. His term was marked by numerous milestone events, including a membership increase of 22% and the formation of 11 new sections and the first divisions. Collier, an ASQ Honorary Member, was a chemist who began his career at the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology). Later he worked atJohns-Manville Corp., where he produced a quality training film used by more than 300 companies.Common causes: Causes of variation that are inherent in a process over time. They affect every outcome of the process and everyone working in the process (see also "special causes").Company culture: A system of values, beliefs and behaviors inherent in a company. To optimize business performance, top management must define and create the necessary culture.Complaint tracking: Collecting data, disseminating data to appropriate persons for resolution, monitoring complaint resolution progress and communicating results.Compliance: The state of an organization that meets prescribed specifications, contract terms, regulations or standards.Computer aided design (CAD): Software used by architects, engineers, drafters and artists to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3-D) models.Computer aided engineering (CAE): A broad term used by the electronic design automation industry for the use of computers to design, analyze and manufacture products and processes. CAE includes CAD (see listing) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM), which is the use of computers for managing manufacturing processes. Concurrent engineering (CE): A way to reduce cost, improve quality and shrink cycle time by simplifying a product's system of life cycle tasks during the early concept stages.Conflict resolution: The management of a conflict situation to arrive at a resolution satisfactory to all parties. Conformance: An affirmative indication or judgment that a product or service has met the requirements of a relevant specification, contract or regulation.Conformitè Europeënne Mark (CE Mark): Conformity European Union mark. The European Union created the CE Mark to regulate the goods sold within its borders. The mark represents a manufacturer's declaration products comply with the EU's New Approach Directives. These directives apply to any country that sells products within the EU.Consensus: A state in which all the members of a group support an action or decision, even if some of them don't fully agree with it.Consultant: An individual who has experience and expertise in applying tools and techniques to resolve process problems and who can advise and facilitate an organization's improvement efforts.Consumer: The external customer to whom a product or service is ultimately delivered; Also called end user. Consumer's risk: Pertains to sampling and the potential risk that bad product will be accepted and shipped to the consumer.Continuous flow production: Means that items are produced and moved from one processing step to the next one piece at a time. Each process makes only the one piece that the next process needs, and the transfer batch size is one.Continuous improvement (CI): Sometimes called continual improvement. The ongoing improvement of products, services or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.Continuous quality improvement (CQI): A philosophy and attitude for analyzing capabilities and processes and improving them repeatedly to achieve the objective of customer satisfaction.Continuous sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan, intended for application to a continuous flow of individual units of product, that involves acceptance and rejection on a unit by unit basis and employs alternate periods of 100% inspection and sampling, the relative amount of 100% inspection depending on the quality of submitted product. Continuous sampling plans usually require that each t period of 100% inspection be continued until a specified number, i, of consecutively inspected units are found clear of defects. Note: For single level continuous sampling plans, a single d sampling rate (for example, inspect 1 unit in 5 or 1 unit in 10) is used during sampling. For multilevel continuous sampling plans, two or more sampling rates may be used: The rate at any time depends on the quality of submitted product.Control chart: A chart with upper and lower control limits on which values of some statistical measure for a series of samples or subgroups are plotted. The chart frequently shows a central line to help detect a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.Control limits: The natural boundaries of a process within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL).Control plan (CP): A document that describes the required characteristics for the quality of a product or service, including measures and control methods. Coordinate measuring machine (CMM): A device that dimensionally measures 3-D products, tools and components with an accuracy approaching 0.0001 in. Corrective action: The implementation of solutions resulting in the reduction or elimination of an identified problem.Corrective action recommendation (CAR): The full cycle corrective action tool that offers ease and simplicity for employee involvement in the corrective action/process improvement cycle.Correlation (statistical): A measure of the relationship between two data sets of variables.Cost of poor quality (COPQ): The costs associated with providing poor quality products or services. There are four categories of costs: internal failure costs (costs associated with defects found before the customer receives the product or service), external failure costs (costs associated with defects found after the customer receives the product or service), appraisal costs (costs incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements) and prevention costs (costs incurred to keep failure and appraisal costs to a minimum).Cost of quality (COQ): A term coined by Philip Crosby referring to the cost of poor quality.Count chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the count of events of a given classification occurring in a sample.Count per unit chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the average count of events of a given classification per unit occurring in a sample.C p: The ratio of tolerance to six sigma, or the USL (upper specification limit) minus the LSL (lower specification limit) divided by six sigma. It is sometimes referred to as the engineering tolerance divided by the natural tolerance and is only a measure of dispersion.C pk index: Equals the lesser of the USL minus the mean divided by three sigma (or the mean) minus the LSL divided by three sigma. The greater the C pk value, the better. Critical processes: Processes that present serious potential dangers to human life, health and the environment or that risk the loss of very large sums of money or customers.Crosby, Philip (deceased): The founder and chairman of the board of Career IV, an executive management consulting firm. Crosby also founded Philip Crosby Associates Inc. and the Quality College. He wrote many books including Quality Is Free, Quality Without Tears, Let's Talk Quality, and Leading: The Art of Becoming an Executive. Crosby, who originated the zero defects concept, was an ASQ Honorary Member and past president.Cross functional: A term used to describe a process or an activity that crosses the boundary between functions. A cross functional team consists of individuals from more than one organizational unit or function.Cross pilot: See "scatter diagram."Cultural resistance: A form of resistance based on opposition to the possible social and organizational consequences associated with change.Culture change: A major shift in the attitudes, norms, sentiments, beliefs, values, operating principles and behavior of an organization.Culture, organizational: A common set of values, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and accepted behaviors shared by individuals within an organization.Cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM): A control chart on which the plotted value is the cumulative sum of deviations of successive samples from a target value. The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebraic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviations from the target.Current good manufacturing practices (CGMP): Regulations enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for food and chemical manufacturers and packagers.Customer: See "external customer" and "internal customer."Customer delight: The result of delivering a product or service that exceeds customer expectations.Customer relationship management (CRM): A strategy used to learn more about customers' needs and behaviors to develop stronger relationships with them. It brings together information about customers, sales, marketing。

08北京绿色奥运英语口语对话

08北京绿⾊奥运英语⼝语对话A: Do you know what the main feature the Sydney Olympics is, John?你知道悉尼奥运会还有⼀个什么特点吗？B: Of course, I know.我当然知道。

A: What?什么特点？B: Environmental protection.环保啊！A: Do you know when IOC put forward the issue of environmental protection?你知道国际奥委会在哪⼀年提出环保课题的吗？B: Sorry, I have no idea about it.抱歉，这我还真不知道。

A: Let me tell you. In 1991. At that time, Sydney put forward the slogan "environmental protection", thus, it won the bid.让我来告诉你，那是1991年。

当时，悉尼正是打出“环保牌”才赢得申办权。

B: What a nice memory! Oh, I know that Beijing and Sydney bid for the Olympic Games together.好记性！噢，我知道那时北京和悉尼⼀起参加申奥。

A: Yeah, Sydney had five strate-gies: save energy, save water, reduce trash, prevent pollution, and protect the environmnet. They tried to host a "Green Olympics".不错，悉尼有五⼤战略，即：节能、节⽔、减少垃圾、防⽌污染与保护环境。

他们要办⼀届“绿⾊奥运”。