英语语法之强调句与倒装句(四六级相关)

shall, would, should等、情态动词can, could, may, might, must, would, should, need
等或be动词am, is, are, was, were等）放在主语的前面，而谓语动词的其它部分
则仍然放在主语的后面。例如：
Only yesterday did he find out that his radio was missing.
people visit Alaska in order to see the endless beauty of nature that the northern land
discloses to them.④ For example, there are about 11,000 islands in Alaska. And
2）It was in London that I met her for the first time. (该句中的that不能换成where)
⑷ that和who在强调句中充当主语时，谓语动词的数要与被强调部分的人
称和数保持一致；另外，其时态也要保持一致。例如：
1）It is I who am responsible for the traffic accident.
读语篇学语法——强调句与倒装句
Alaska, which was called Russian America before it was sold to the United States,
joined the Union as the 49th state in 1959.
⑴ 该句型中的that，who和whom都不可以省略。
⑵ that与who和whom之间的区别。
被强调的部分
例句
that
可以是事、物、人、时间、地点等除了谓语
之外的其他任何句子成分
1. It was Lucy that Tom
met in the party
而倒装句则采用的句子语序是谓语+主语的形式。例如：
Here comes the bus.
倒装语序分为两种形式：部分倒装和全部倒装。
1. 部分倒装：谓语中的一部分（如助动词do, does, did, have, has, had, will,
bought Alaska from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. The buying of the
northern land seemed at first something foolishly done. ②Not only was Alaska
从上述结构不难看出，强调谓语动词时只有两种时态——一般现在时和一般
过去时。
2. 固定句型：强调句的句型主要是：It is / was … that / who / whom…。该句
型可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分。例如上文中的①：It was in 1867 that
President Andrew Johnson’s Secretary of States（国务卿）, William H. Seward, bought
（注意：以hardly / scarcely… when…, no sooner…than…，意思是“一……
就……”，引出的句子中，hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首时，主句倒装，
即hardly, scarcely或no sooner后面的句子使用倒装语序，并且用过去完成时；
和did(一般过去时)来强调谓语动词。如：
1）The girls do look pretty today.
2）The little girl does look nice in that green dress today.
3）The boys did have a good time last night.
2）It was their teacher who helped them solve the problem.
正是他们的老师帮他们解决了这一问题。
3）It was Lucy whom Tom met in the party yesterday.
Tom昨天在聚会上见到的正是Lucy。
注意：
in a certain area of Alaska the sun doesn’t set for 82 days every year.
强调句：顾名思义，强调句就是对句子的某一成分进行强调，以加强语气或
引起重视。
英语中常见的表示强调的方式有以下三种：
1. 用助动词do(一般现在时), does(一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式)
“Seward’s Folly（蠢事）” at that time.
However, in 1896, gold was found in Alaska, and people poured into the land.
Then other important natural resources were discovered, including oil. But now most
Alaska lies on the Pacific “ring of fire”. In Alaska large treeless areas are covered
with snow all the year round. For these reasons the buying of Alaska was called
yesterday.（强调宾语）
2. It was Tom that met
Lucy in the party
yesterday. （强调主语）
3. It was yesterday that
Tom met Lucy in the party.
（强调时间状语）
4. It was in the party that
circumstances （决不）, not until等放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。例如：
1) Not a single word have his parents heard from him since he left home.
2) Seldom does she quarrel with her parents.
（强调原因状语从句）
who
只能是人；可以强调主语和宾语
1. It was Tom who met
Lucy in the party
yesterday. （强调主语）
2. It was Lucy who Tom
met in the party
yesterday.（强调宾语）
whom
difficult to reach, but it was also hard to live in, and it appeared to be of no
importance in time of war. ③Besides there are volcanoes （火山） there as
2）By no means is translation easy.
3）Not only did I make a promise, but I also kept it.
倒装句：
在英语中比较常见的句子语序都是主语+谓语，例如：
I have a book.
3) Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognize her.
（注意：not until放在句首时，后面的从句不使用倒装语序，只有主句倒装。）
4）Hardly had he got into the room when the phone rang.
Alaska is now the largest of all the 50 states of the USA. ①It was in 1867 that
President Andrew Johnson’s Secretary of States（国务卿）, William H. Seward,
Tom met Lucy. （强调地
点状语）
除了可以强调词、短语之外，还可以强调从
句
It is because he doesn’t
have any experience that
he does not know how to
deal with the situation.
1）What on earth does this mean?
2）The book is well worth reading.
⑵ 用双重否定表示肯定并强调。例如：
1）It’s never too late to learn.
⑶ 用倒装句表示强调。
1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Alaska from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. 该句强调了时间状语in 1867。
意思是：正是在1867年，当时担任美国总统Andrew Johnson国务卿的William H.
Seward以七百二十万美元的价格从俄罗斯人手里买下了阿拉斯加。
只能是人；而且只能强调宾语
It was Lucy whom Tom
met in the party yesterday.