《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 3

❖ 当泰诺（扑热息痛/对乙酰氨基酚）胶囊与氰化物联 系到一起时，(即“泰诺恐慌”事件)很多人因为胶囊剂 易于被污染而停止购买，转而青睐于不易被污染的片 剂。一些OTC（非处方药）的生产商开始生产术语中 所谓的“胶囊片”，其实就是把片剂做成胶囊的形状。
❖ In the tablet-pressing process, it is important that all ingredients be dry, powdered, and of uniform grain size as much as possible. Mixed grain sizes tend to separate out due to operational vibrations, resulting in inconsistent tableting, while any moisture in the system will tend to clog the tableting pathways.
❖ 通常，崩解剂也是片剂所必需的。崩解剂是指 在水中易于溶解，服用后能够加速药片在胃中分 散的辅料。许多粘合剂，诸如淀粉本身就是一种 很好的崩解剂。
❖ Small amounts of lubricants are usually added, as well. The most common of these are stearic acid (steari) and magnesium stearate. These help the tablets, once pressed，to be more easily ejected out of the die.
Coated tablet: Sugar coated tablet; Film coated tablet
Delayed released tablet ---- Sustained release tablet -----
Controlled released tablet
❖ Other forms:
❖ HISUN Pharmaceutical CO.,LTD
化学常见基团的中英文词缀
Micro-- 微
Pharma-- 药
Acetyl-- 乙酰基
Amino-- 氨基
phen--- 苯
--ose
糖
Lact--
乳
Cyano- 氰基
Chloride 氯化物
Sulfate 硫酸盐
Nitro--
硝基
--ester
酯
-one
酮
-oxide
氧化物
Toxi--
毒
---ol
醇
hyper Hypo---ate --ase Biohemo----tis Anti--
高 低 酸或酯 酶 生物 血 炎 抗
Vitro-- 体外
Vivo--
体内
-lactone 内酯
--mycin 霉素
---cillin 西林
cepha-- 头孢
（2）reach / arrive（3）lead to / result in
❖ Group 12： 表示否定的词缀： 词缀记忆法
dis--- in--- im--- ab--- un--- contra-----less
❖ 作业：举例写出由上述词缀构成的单词
二、常见的英文医学缩写
❖ CNS： central nervous system 中枢神经 系统
capsule; granule; power; suppository;
来自百度文库
pill;
dragee; cream; ointment
❖ liquid preparation
injection: ampoule； vial other forms: aerosol; drops；liniment；oral solution；
一、words：
❖ group 1：
Absorb absorption
Metabolize distribute distribution
excrete excretion
Question：the process of metabolism ?
❖ group 2：给药, 服药的表示方法：
take administration give eat（error）
TEXT TEN Pharmacological Tablet
----for
Class
A pharmacological tablet is a medicinal or other active substance mixed with binder powders and pressed into a tablet form.
❖ When Tylenol (paracetamol/acetaminophen) capsules were laced with cyanide (an incident referred to as the Tylenol scare), many people stopped buying capsules because they are easy to contaminate, in favor of tablets, which are not. Some makers of OTC (over-the-counter) drugs responded by starting to make what they termed "caplets"，which were actually just tablets made in the shape of a capsule.
❖ 有些物质可以制成直接粉末片， 但是一般情况下这 是不可能的，通常，术语称之为“粘合剂”的一些无活 性的物质能够帮助片剂结合在一起，并且具有一定的强 度。有很多种类可以被作为粘合剂使用，最常见的有： 乳糖粉末、蔗糖粉末、木薯淀粉（即木薯粉末）以及微 晶纤维素。
❖ Often, an ingredient is also needed to act as an disintegrant. This is an ingredient that dissolves readily in water to help the tablet disperse once swallowed. Some binders, such as starch, are also excellent disintegrants.
toxicity： ? --- ity activity
❖ Group 10： micro--- 微小的 Microsoft： ? microbe： ? microbiology： ?（subject） microscope： ?
telescope： ? television TV： tele--- 宏观的 vision 视野、视觉 ❖ Group 11： （1）treat / cure
Thank You !
Famous pharmaceutical factories or companies in the world
1. Johnson & Johnson (US)
2.SHCK (US)
❖ 3 Glaxo (UK) Glaxo-SHCK ❖ 4 Merck (US) ❖ 5 Lilly (US) ❖ 6 Bristol- myer Squibb (US) ❖ 7 Pfizer (US) ❖ 8 Bayer (German) ❖ 9 Roche (Switzerland) ❖ 10 Otsuka (Japan) ❖ 药谷： new jersey in US
❖ 加入少量的润滑剂是必需的。最常使用的是 硬脂酸（硬脂酸甘油酯）和硬脂酸镁。这些润 滑剂能够帮助片剂在压制过程中更容易成型而 不会散片。
some dosage forms
❖ Solid preparation
❖ Tablet
White plain tablet; Score (marked ) tablet
❖ group 3：显示，表明：
show indicate exhibit （inhibit） demonstrate
词缀：ex--- 之外 --- 之内
❖ group 4：耐受性 耐药性 tolerate（v.） tolerance （n.） ? resistant（v.） resistance （n.）?
syrup； suspension
❖ Exercises and Home work:
1. please translate the terms into English:
崩解剂 粘合剂
润滑剂
崩解时限 含量均匀度 溶出度
淀粉 微晶纤维素
2. Please translate text 11---
cells: biological units of molecular organization
Kidney ------ renal
Intestine ------ intestinal tract G--I tract
❖ Group 6： half life
In vivo experiment ---vo
In vitro experiment ----tro
❖ Group 7： blood： serum
构词法：---ance clear-----clearance appear----appearance
句型：①It is important that---- ②It is importance of--❖ Group5： hepatic ------ liver ----- hepatitis
---tis 炎症 Cholic ------ cholic acid
❖ LD50： lethal dosage 50% 半数致死量 ❖ EEG： electro encephalon graph 脑电图 ❖ ECG： electro cardiac graph 心电图 ❖ BBB： blood brain barrel 血脑屏障
lever
plasma
concentration
❖ Group 8： infection 感染
injection 注射剂： ampoule / vial
❖ Group 9： toxi--- 毒 （词缀记忆法）
toxin ： ? ---xin
toxicology：? --- ology
biology
pharmacology
❖ 在压片过程中，所有的成分需要干燥，粉碎，大小颗粒尽 可能一样，这是很重要的。由于机器操作不断振动，最终 使制成的药片大小不一致而易于散裂。而且当系统的一点 潮湿都会影响片剂的压制过程。
❖ Some substances may be tableted as pure substances, but this is usually not the case. Normally, an inactive ingredient termed a binder is added to help hold the tablet together and give it strength. A wide variety of binders may be used, some common ones including lactose powder, sucrose powder, tapioca starch (cassava flour) and microcrystalline cellulose.
Lipo-- 脂
Immuno-- 免疫
EpiEndoNeo-Inter-UreaOPM-
外 内 新 相互 脲 对 间 邻
---gen 原
Cardio- 新
De- (DNA) 去
Hydro- 氢
-side
苷
Poly
聚
Multiple 多
-lysis
分析
§3 Pharmacological
Actions
药片是将药物或者其他有活性的物质和粘合剂 混合，然后压制成片状的固体制剂 。
Most tablets are circular, or disk-shaped, but recent decades have seen many that are oblong or various-shaped.
大多数的片剂是圆形的或者圆板型的。但是近年来 我们也看到了许多长方形或者其他形状的片剂。