五种简单句与七种句子成分

（二）简单句的5种结构及7种常见句子成分
• 1. 什么是简单句？ • 简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并 列谓语）构成的句子。 • 2. 简单句的5种结构及7种句子成分 • 1）五大家族： • “主谓”结构（另扩充定语和状语）The car disappeared. • “主系表”结构The girl is very clever. • “主谓宾”结构The boy speaks English. • “主谓宾+宾补”结构We all think his story interesting. • “主谓+间宾+直宾”结构He gave me a walkman. • 2）七姐妹： • 主谓宾表定状补
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu五种简单句与七种句子成分
一、学习目标
• 1. 英语10大词类及其在句子中的作用。 • 2. 简单句的5种架构及7种句子成分。
（一）英语中的10大词类及作用
• 英语中只有三种句子！ • 英语的句子就三种： • 简单句、并列句和复合句
• 学习简单句，首先要知道词类，因为简单 句是有一个一个的单词构成的。 • 你知道英语的句子中包含多少词类吗？
• • • • • • •
除以上10大词类外，还有三张由短语构成的词类： 1. 短语动词（phrasal verb）: 如：get up, call on, take care of, get in touch… 2. 短语介词（phrasal preposition）: 如：because of, in front of, instead of… 3. 短语连词（phrasal conjunction）： 如：as if， even if, what if, as long as…
3）介词之后要接宾语 及物动词接宾语，不及物动词加上相应的介词后 也可接宾语 1.My uncle lives Beijing. √ My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find. √ I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find it.
4）连接句子的是连词，不是介词和副词 连词才能连接句子，副词和介词则不能
1. He has saved a lot of money in order he can use it in the future. √ He has saved a lot of money in order that he can use it in the future. √ He has saved a lot of money in order to use it in the future. √ He has saved a lot of money so as to use it in the future. √ He has saved a lot of money so that he can use it in the future.
形容词 定语、状语、表语、补语 副词 数词 介词 状语、定语（少数表方位的词） 主语、定语、宾语、表语
介词+宾语，在句中做状语或定语 The girl of ten came here by bike.
连词
冠词
连接两个以上的简单句
主要修饰名词或少数形容词
He was reading when I came in.
A young man often helps the poor. Heavens! How silly you are!
感叹词 表示喜怒哀乐，在句中加强语气
试试看：错在哪里？
• 1. Everybody likes beautiful. • 1. Everybody likes beauty. • 2. Help the poor is our duty. • 2. Helping the poor is our duty.
2）动词有四类，少数可兼用 实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词），系动词，助动词， 情态动词 1. Tom works in this factory, and works a new machine. 2. My uncle run a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning. 3. These flowers smell good and we often smell them. 4. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. 5. You needn’t buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. 6. Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. 7. Do you often do your homework at home? 8. Our manager hasn’t come because she has a few guests to receive.
考考你？？？
• 这些缩写的符号代表什么词类？ • 1. num. 2. adv. 3. pron. 4. prep. 5. art. • 6. adj. 7. n. 8. int. 9. v. 10. conj.
2. 英语10大词类功能一览表
词类
名词 代词
在句子中的主要功能
主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语 主语、定语、宾语、宾语
• 3. My friend Tom did very good in this exam. • 3. My friend Tom did very well in this exam.
3. 词类学习中的“四个必知”
• 1) 名词和代词各有三个“格” • 主格，宾格，所有格
• 1. My mother likes my sister and I very much. • √ My mother likes my sister and me very much
1. 英语有多少词类
• • • • • • • • • • • • 英语共有10大词类，它们分别是： 1. 名词（noun, 缩写为n.）如：book, water… 2. 代词（pronoun, 缩写为pron.）如：I, us, ours, who.. 3. 动词（verb, 缩写为v.）如：come, write, bring… 4. 形容词（adjective, 缩写为a.或adj.）如：clear… 5. 副词（adverb, 缩写为ad.或adv.）如：here, today… 6. 数词（numeral, 缩写为num.）如: four, fourth… 7. 介词（preposition, 缩写为prep.）如：on, over… 8. 连词（conjunction, 缩写为conj.）如：and, or, as… 9. 冠词（article, 缩写为art.）如：a, an, the… 10. 感叹词（interjection, 缩写为int.）如: oh, ouch… 以上1-6为实词（national word），因为它们有实际意 义；7-10为虚词（form word）,也就是说，它们没有实 际意义。
• 2. This car isn’t my. My car is over there. • √ This car isn’t mine. My car is over there.
2）动词有四类，少数可兼用 实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词），系动词，助动词， 情态动词 1. Tom works in this factory, and works a new machine. 2. My uncle runs a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning. 3. These flowers smell good and we often smell them. 4. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. 5. You needn’t buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. 6. Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. 7. Do you often do your homework at home? 8. Our manager hasn’t come because she has a few guests to receive.
考考你？？？
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. My uncle lives Beijing. 1. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find it. 3. There’s a new car in front of his sister and he. 3. There’s a new car in front of his sister and him. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as good as we. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as well as we. 5. He didn’t come here because of he was ill. 5. He didn’t come here because he was ill. 6. Don’t afraid. Your mother is coming soon. 6. Don’t be afraid. Your mother is coming soon. 7. The boy was got up at six this morning. 7. The boy got up at six this morning.
例句
The paper factory lies in our city. All of our teachers love us.
动词
谓语、宾补
The teacher let us do it again.
This pretty girl thinks it right. The workers here work very hard. Three of them are eighteen now.