操作系统复习相关词汇

1.Overview

•CPU

–multiprocessor, multi-computer, distributed systems

(多重处理器、多处理器计算机、分布式系统)

–Registers: PC, PSW

–登记:电脑、PSW

•Memory

–Cost, access time, capacity

–成本,读取时间,能力

–Hierarchy

–层级；等级制度

•I/O Communication Techniques

•I / O通信技术

–Programmed I/O, Interrupt-driven I/O, DMA, Channel

–规划I / O,轮询I / O,DMA、渠道

•Categories of computer systems

•类别的计算机系统

–From the scale: Mainframe computer, Minicomputer, Microcomputer

–从比例:主机电脑,小型计算机,微型计算机

–Flynn Taxonomy

—费林分类法

•Operating System Objectives and Functions

•操作系统的目标和功能

–Convenience 便利

–Efficiency 效率

–Ability to evolve 能力| 演进能力

•The Evolution of Operating Systems

•操作系统的演化

–Direct interacting with the computer hardware

–计算机硬件直接互动

–Monitor

–监视器

–Simple batch systems

–简单批量系统

–Multiprogramming or Multitasking

–多道程序或多任务

–Modern Operating Systems

–现代操作系统| 作业系统

•Operating System Types

•内核

–Real-Time System

T real-time processing system

T即时系统| 实时系统

T real-time control system

T实时控制系统

T Features 特征

–Reliability

–信度

–Protection for overloading

–超载保护

–Ability to control the human-machine interaction

–控制人机交互能力

–Interrupt processing

–中断处理中断处理技术

–Timer management

–中断处理中断处理技术

•Operating System Types

•内核

–Batch processing system

–批处理系统

T Features

T产品特点，特征

–Batched

–成批的

–Multiprogramming

–多道程序设计

–The lack of interaction between the user and the job

–缺乏互动的用户和工作

–while it is executing

–当它执行

–Time-sharing system

–分时系统

T Features

T产品特点，特征

–Simultaneity

–同时性同时

–Interactivity

–互动性

–Sharing

–共享

–Monopolization

–垄断专利

•Operating System Types

•内核

–Distributed systems

–分布式系统

T Advantages of distributed systems.

T分布式系统的优点

–Resources Sharing

–资源共享区

–Computation speed up – load sharing

–计算速度,负载共享

–Reliability

–可靠性

–Communications

–通信通讯

T Network Operating System

T网络操作系统

T Distributed Operating System

T分布式操作系统

•Modern Operating Systems

•现代操作系统

–Windows NT

–微软公司的网络操作系统视窗新技网络窗口

–UNIX

–一种多用户的计算机操作系统

•Other Issues

•其他社会问题

–Some concepts and Terms

–一些概念与术语

T User, Program, Job, Job Step

T用户、程序、工作、工作步骤

T Resources Sharing

T资源共享区

T Sequential Execution vs. Concurrent Execution of A Program

T序贯执行与一个程序的并行执行

T Multiprogramming

T多道程序设计

T Relocation

T再定位重定位置

T Timer and Timer Queue

T定时器和定时器队列

T Primitive

T基元原语原始的

•Interfaces of Operating Systems

•界面的操作系统

–Used for programs

–用于项目

T Consist of a set of system call

T由一套系统调用