(0204)《基础语法下》复习大纲、样题及答案

（0204）《基础语法下》复习大纲
一、复习大纲
（一）课程说明
《基础语法（下）》这门课程是专升本英语语言文学专业必修课程。

其前修课程是《综合英语》。

通过这门课程的学习，使学生初步掌握英语语法的新的语法体系，了解并熟练掌握语言选择和语法的基本规则，加深对英语语法规则的认识，培养学生的跨文化交际意识、现代英语意识。

本课程的学习：1. 指导学生从总体构架入手掌握英语语法的基础知识。

2. 向学生适当介绍研究史上有关语法学家的主要观点，以及现代语言学某些研究成果于一体的语法观念。

3. 以科学性、系统性、实践性为教学原则，树立起学生科学系统精确的语法观、培养学生的书面和口头的实践能力。

本课程的教学坚持理论与实践相结合的方法，课内与课外相结合，讲授与自学相结合，以教师讲授为主，注重理论的开放吸收和自我一体的统一、理论性与应用性的统一。

教学过程适当结合图片教学、课堂练习，指导学生课外阅读、观赏和评论。

每章布置实践环节。

（二）学分学时分配、考核方式、教学环境
学分学时分配：学分：3；总学时：其中视频：20；学生自学：60。

考核方式：闭卷考试（平时成绩占20%，期末成绩占80%, 成绩按百分制计算）
章节内容录制学时自学学时
第一章 -ING Participle; -ED Participle 2 6
第二章 Adj. (Phrase) &Adv. (Phrase)
Comparison & Comparative Construction 2 6 第三章 Prep. & Prep. Phrase 2 6
第四章 Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation
Existential Sentence 2 6
第五章 It Patterns, Coordination, Subordination 2 6
第六章 Relative Clause, Conditional
Sentence, (In)Direct Speech 2 6
第七章 Modification, Substitution Ellipsis 2 9
第八章 Postponement, Fronting and Inversion 2 9
第九章 From Sentence to Text Review 2 6
考试 2
（三）学分学时分配、考核方式、教学环境
One -ING Participle; -ED Participle
I. Collocation of –ing participle with verbs
II. Verbs followed either by infinitive or by –ing participle
III. –ed participle a premodifier
IV. –ed participle as complement
V. Some few notes on “dangling participles”
Two Adj. (Phrase) &Adv. (Phrase), Comparison & Comparative Construction
I. Classification of adjectives
II. Adjectives and participles
III. Adjective (phrase) as modifier in noun phrases
IV. Adjective phrases as complement
V. Chief uses of adverbs and adverb phrases
VI. Adverb with or without –ly
VII. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
VIII. Comparative constructions
IX. Contrast between comparative constructions
Three Prep. & Prep. Phrase
I. Collocation of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns
II. Complex prepositions
III. Transformational relations between prepositional phrases and subordinate clauses
Four Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation，Existential Sentence
I. Statements
II. Questions
III. Commands and exclamations
IV. Structural properties of existential sentences
V. Non-finite existential clauses
Five It Patterns, Coordination, Subordination
I. Empty it and anticipatory it
II. It as introductory word of cleft sentences
III. Types of coordinate constructions
IV. Coordinators semantically considered
V. Coordination and subordination
VI. Subordinate clauses (finite)
VII. Infinitive, -ing participle, -ed participle clauses
VIII. Verbless clauses
IX. “Absolute constructions”
Six Relative Clause, Conditional Sentence, (In)Direct Speech
I. Restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses
II. Choice of relative words
III. Clauses introduced by “preposition + relative pronoun”
IV. Double relative clauses and embedded relative clauses
V. Four types of conditionals
VI. Indirect statements, questions, commands and exclamations
VII. Mixed types of indirect speech
Seven Modification, Substitution，Ellipsis
I. Modification in noun phrases
II. Appositives
III. Adverbials
IV. Nominal, verbal, clausal substitution
V. Ellipsis in coordinate constructions
VII. Ellipsis in complex sentences
Eight Postponement, Fronting and Inversion
I. Postponement
II. Fronting and inversion
Nine From Sentence to Text Review
I. Text building — sentence, sentence group
II. Review
（四）教材及主要参考书
教材：
章振邦. 《新编英语语法教程》（第三版）. 上海外语教育出版社. 2000.
主要参考书：
章振邦. 《新编英语语法教程》（第三版）（教师用书）. 上海外语教育出版社. 2000.
胡壮麟. 《系统功能语法概论》. 湖南教育出版社. 1989.
赵金铭. 《新视角汉语语法研究》. 北京语言文化大学出版社. 1997.
二、样题
I. Complete each of the following sentences with the best
choice of a, b, c, or d. (10%)
1. He isthan bad.
a. better
b. worse
c. good
d. more good
2. As I was a newcomer, I had _____ to ask my boss than others.
a. many
b. most
c. more
d. much
3. _____ water the most common liquid in the world but it is also the most
important.
a. Not only
b. If only
c. Only was
d. Not only is
II. Correct errors (5%):
Each of the following sentences has one mistake. Find the mistake and write the sentence correctly.
Modal: What the forecast?
___ What’s the forecast?
III. Fill in blanks according to the following requirement (35%):
A. Complete the following sentences with proper forms of the words
given in the brackets. (10%):
1. He _______ (duty) goes to his desk and does his homework.
2. After a whole days heavy work, the old man fell asleep ________
(exhaust).
3. The teacher gave John a ________ (meaning) advice.
B. Fill in the blank with a preposition (5%):
1. This water tastes ___ salt.
2. Civilization consists ___ having a constructive attitude.
3. Mrs. Robert got ___ her sickness very quickly.
C. Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun or a relative
adverb (5%):
Modal: Some men robbed the bank. They were arrested.
Answer: The men who robbed the bank were arrested.
D. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank in each sentence (5%): Model: I can carry this table ___. (easy, easily)
Answer: easily
E. Put the words in order to make sentences (5%):
Model: deep in conversation / were / at the railway station. / three professors Three professors were deep in conversation at the railway station.
F. Put the verbs in brackets into the –ing participle or the infinitive (5%):
Modal: I wish he would stop ___ (pretend) to be an expert on Byzantine Art.
Answer: pretending
IV. Cloze (10%)
Tourism has become a very big business. For Spain, Italy and Greece it is the largest (1) ____of foreign exchange, and even for Britain, it is the fourth.
Faced (2) ____ this huge new source of income, no government can afford to look (3) ____ on the business; questions of hotel bathrooms, beach umbrellas and ice-cream sales are now (4) _____ by ministers of tourism with solemn expertise. Before the Second World War the tourist industry was widely (5) _____ as being unmanly and frivolous. But tourism has blazed new trails as armies (6) ____ to do in Spain, Italy, Greece and much of Eastern Europe, new road systems have opened up the country, (7) ____ to tourists, and then to industry and locals. (8) ____ of tourism is a nationalized industry, a key part of national planning. In Languedoc, the French government is (9) ____ mosquitoes and building six big resorts, to hold nearly a million tourists.
Tourists form the west (10) ____ from half a million four years ago to nearly two million last year.
1. a. cause b. course c. source d. clause
2. a. with b. from c. as d. if
3. a. up b. upon c. down d. over
4. a. discussed b. be discussing c. be discussed d. to discuss
5. a. considered b. regarded c. thought d. regarding
6. a. were used b. are used c. use d. used
7. a. one b. first c. first of all d. at first
8. a. Many b. Lot c. Much d. More
9. a. killing b. beating c. murdering d. poisoning
10. a. were increasing b. were increased c. had increased d. increased V. Translation (20%)
1. 请安静。

别让我听见一点声音。

2. 他这样做完全是出于好意。

3. 谢谢你。

你帮了我一个忙。

（0204）《基础语法下》答案
I. Complete each of the following sentences with the best choice of a, b, c, or d. (10%)
1. d
2. c
3. d
II. Correct errors (5%):
III. Fill in blanks according to the following requirement (35%):
A. Complete the following sentences with proper forms of the words given in the brackets. (10%):
1.dutifully
2. exhausted
3. meaningful
B. Fill in the blank with a preposition (5%):
1. of
2. in
3. over
C. Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun or a relative adverb (5%):
D. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank in each sentence (5%):
E. Put the words in order to make sentences (5%):
F. Put the verbs in brackets into the –ing participle or the infinitive (5%):
IV. Cloze (10%)
01-05 cacab 06-10 dbcad
V. Translation (20%)
1. Be quite, please. Don’t let me hear a sound.
2. He did it all out of kindness.
3. Thank you. You have done me a kindness.。