循流化床锅炉基础知识讲解
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• C + O2 → CO2↑
• C + O2 → CO↑
• 2CO + O2 → 2CO2↑
• CaCO3 → CaO + CO2↑
• S + O2 → SO2↑
• CaO + SO2 → CaSO3
• 2CaSO3 + O2 → CaSO4
• The temperature of combustion chamber should be controlled to about 850℃. Under the influence of high speed air flow, the combustion is full of furnace, and a lot of solid particles have been carried out from the combustion chamber and to be separated by high temperature cyclone separator. And then a part of the separated material is directly returned to the combustion chamber to combust continuously, and the other part is sent to a external heat exchanger, Which is also a small fluidized bed, where occurs the heat exchange with the heating surface and air. Out from the external heat exchanger, it is cooled to 400～600℃, and then through the ash conveyer it is sent back to the combustion chamber or is discharged to ash silo. The high temperature flue gas, goes through the cyclone separator into the vertical flue, exchanges heat with convection heating surfaces, then, discharged from the chimney after purified by the bag filter or the electrostatic precipitator.
Boiler
分离后烟气
•
过热器
过热器
烟囱
稀相区
CFBB 炉膛
高温旋风分离 料腿
省煤器 省煤器 空预器 空预器
除尘器
煤
石 灰
石
密相区
一次风室
二次风
U型阀返料装置 一次风
尾部 受热面
引风机
一次风机 一次风
二次风机 二次风
什么叫循环流化床
Section 1 what is circulating fluidized bed boiler
• 循环流化床锅炉的工作过程大致为：燃料及石灰 石脱硫剂经破碎至合适粒度后，由给煤机和给料 机从流化床燃烧室布风板上部给入，与燃烧室内 炽热的沸腾物料混合，被迅速加热，燃料迅速着 火燃烧、石灰石则与燃料燃烧生成的SO2反应生 成CaS04，从而起到脱硫作用。燃烧室温度控制 在850℃左右。在较高气流速度的作用下，燃烧 充满整个炉膛，并有大量固体颗粒被携带出燃烧 室，经高温旋风分离器分离后，一部分热炉料直 接送回流化床燃烧室继续参与燃烧；另—部分则 送至外置床换热器，在外置床换热器中与受热面 和空气进行热交换，被冷却至400～600℃后，经 送灰器送回燃烧室或排出炉外。经旋风分离器导 出的高温烟气，在尾部烟道与对流受热面换热后， 通过布袋除尘器或静电除尘器，由烟囱排出。
• 采用循环流化床燃烧技术，燃用固体燃料的锅炉就是循环流化床锅炉。 固体颗粒（燃料、底渣、循环灰、石灰石、砂子等）在炉膛内以流态 化的方式运动，被流化风带走的部分颗粒经分离器分离，送回炉膛循 环燃烧。炉膛内的颗粒浓度高，燃烧、传质、传热剧烈，温度分布均 匀。
• The circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB boiler) is a kind of boiler which utilizes the combustion technology of circulating fluidized bed, and fired with solid fuel. The solid particles (fuel, bottom slag, circulating ash, limestone, sand, etc.) are moving in the way of fluidized state in the furnace. The partial particles taken away by air are separated by separators, and then return back to the furnace for circulating combustion. In the furnace, consistence of particles is high, the distribution of temperature is even, combustion, material conveying, and heat transfer are violent.
循流化床锅炉基础知识 1 Basic Knowledge of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
炉 膛
过热器
高二次风
器旋 省煤器 风 分 离 空气预热器
低二次风
ESP
烟 囱
引风机
二次风机
风箱
高压鼓风机
来自百度文库一次风机
• 1.1循流化床锅炉的概念
• 1.1Concept of Circulating Fluidized Bed
• Generally, the working process of CFB boiler is that after fuel and limestone are crushed into proper particle sizes, they are conveyed to the combustion chamber above the air distributor, by coal feeders and material feeders and then they are mixed with hot fluidized material to be heated up rapidly. Thus, fuel catches fire quickly and burn, limestone reacts with SO2, which fuel burns and generated, to produce CaS04, so that can we have the desulphurizing function. The chemical reaction equations are as follows:
• C + O2 → CO↑
• 2CO + O2 → 2CO2↑
• CaCO3 → CaO + CO2↑
• S + O2 → SO2↑
• CaO + SO2 → CaSO3
• 2CaSO3 + O2 → CaSO4
• The temperature of combustion chamber should be controlled to about 850℃. Under the influence of high speed air flow, the combustion is full of furnace, and a lot of solid particles have been carried out from the combustion chamber and to be separated by high temperature cyclone separator. And then a part of the separated material is directly returned to the combustion chamber to combust continuously, and the other part is sent to a external heat exchanger, Which is also a small fluidized bed, where occurs the heat exchange with the heating surface and air. Out from the external heat exchanger, it is cooled to 400～600℃, and then through the ash conveyer it is sent back to the combustion chamber or is discharged to ash silo. The high temperature flue gas, goes through the cyclone separator into the vertical flue, exchanges heat with convection heating surfaces, then, discharged from the chimney after purified by the bag filter or the electrostatic precipitator.
Boiler
分离后烟气
•
过热器
过热器
烟囱
稀相区
CFBB 炉膛
高温旋风分离 料腿
省煤器 省煤器 空预器 空预器
除尘器
煤
石 灰
石
密相区
一次风室
二次风
U型阀返料装置 一次风
尾部 受热面
引风机
一次风机 一次风
二次风机 二次风
什么叫循环流化床
Section 1 what is circulating fluidized bed boiler
• 循环流化床锅炉的工作过程大致为：燃料及石灰 石脱硫剂经破碎至合适粒度后，由给煤机和给料 机从流化床燃烧室布风板上部给入，与燃烧室内 炽热的沸腾物料混合，被迅速加热，燃料迅速着 火燃烧、石灰石则与燃料燃烧生成的SO2反应生 成CaS04，从而起到脱硫作用。燃烧室温度控制 在850℃左右。在较高气流速度的作用下，燃烧 充满整个炉膛，并有大量固体颗粒被携带出燃烧 室，经高温旋风分离器分离后，一部分热炉料直 接送回流化床燃烧室继续参与燃烧；另—部分则 送至外置床换热器，在外置床换热器中与受热面 和空气进行热交换，被冷却至400～600℃后，经 送灰器送回燃烧室或排出炉外。经旋风分离器导 出的高温烟气，在尾部烟道与对流受热面换热后， 通过布袋除尘器或静电除尘器，由烟囱排出。
• 采用循环流化床燃烧技术，燃用固体燃料的锅炉就是循环流化床锅炉。 固体颗粒（燃料、底渣、循环灰、石灰石、砂子等）在炉膛内以流态 化的方式运动，被流化风带走的部分颗粒经分离器分离，送回炉膛循 环燃烧。炉膛内的颗粒浓度高，燃烧、传质、传热剧烈，温度分布均 匀。
• The circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB boiler) is a kind of boiler which utilizes the combustion technology of circulating fluidized bed, and fired with solid fuel. The solid particles (fuel, bottom slag, circulating ash, limestone, sand, etc.) are moving in the way of fluidized state in the furnace. The partial particles taken away by air are separated by separators, and then return back to the furnace for circulating combustion. In the furnace, consistence of particles is high, the distribution of temperature is even, combustion, material conveying, and heat transfer are violent.
循流化床锅炉基础知识 1 Basic Knowledge of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
炉 膛
过热器
高二次风
器旋 省煤器 风 分 离 空气预热器
低二次风
ESP
烟 囱
引风机
二次风机
风箱
高压鼓风机
来自百度文库一次风机
• 1.1循流化床锅炉的概念
• 1.1Concept of Circulating Fluidized Bed
• Generally, the working process of CFB boiler is that after fuel and limestone are crushed into proper particle sizes, they are conveyed to the combustion chamber above the air distributor, by coal feeders and material feeders and then they are mixed with hot fluidized material to be heated up rapidly. Thus, fuel catches fire quickly and burn, limestone reacts with SO2, which fuel burns and generated, to produce CaS04, so that can we have the desulphurizing function. The chemical reaction equations are as follows: