《红字》中的象征主义
浅谈《红字》中的象征主义
浅谈《红字》中的象征主义摘要：《红字》表达人们想要远离清教主义和追求幸福生活的强烈意愿。
《红字》完美运用象征主义，增强了小说的艺术效果。
本文分析红字A的多种含义、四大主角的名字，以及文中出现的众多景物，研究这部小说的象征主义，帮助读者更好地理解象征主义。
关键词：《红字》象征主义清教主义艺术效果1.红字A的不同含义及象征意义的变化随着小说情节的发展，红字A被赋予了许多含义，这些意义的变化是很重要的，因为它们展示了人物的成长和道德的进步。
最初字母A被视为罪恶、通奸的象征，后来又被认为是孤独和疏远的象征，到小说最后，成为高尚、天使和崇拜的象征。
1.1 通奸（A for Adultery）由于海丝特与罗杰·齐灵渥斯通奸，她胸前被挂上了一个红字A，但这并不是唯一的惩罚，她还被迫游街，遭人围观唾弃。
这个字母象征着羞耻，使人视之如恶灵般避之不及。
海丝特鼓起一切勇气面对生活中的磨难和磨难，她并未像其他人一样离开波士顿，在另一个没有人知道她罪过的地方重新开始生活，她选择留下来，这显示了她的勇气和毅力。
1.2 孤独与疏离（A for Alone and Alienation）海丝特获释后，住在郊区的一间小屋里。
“它是由一位早期的定居者建造的，后来被遗弃了，因为周围的土壤太贫瘠，无法耕种，而相对偏远的地方却使它脱离了已经标志着移民习惯的社会活动的范围”（75）。
由于她的罪行，海丝特几乎没有社交生活，在某种程度上已经与世界疏远了。
人们讨厌海丝特，不愿与她接触。
显然，红字A象征着孤独和疏离。
1.3 能力、钦佩和天使（A for Ability，Admiration and Angel）随着时间的流逝，红字A逐渐转变为能力（Ability）、钦佩（Admiration）和天使（Angel）的象征。
那些因为海丝特的罪恶而责备她的人逐渐改变了对她的看法：“红字A代表着她精巧的针线活能力，以及她对急需帮助的人付出的爱心。
《红字》象征意义解读
《红字》象征意义解读摘要美国著名小说家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作《红字》，是美国第一部象征主义小说。
本文着重从红字“a”、人物及场景描述三个方面来解读小说中的象征意义，深刻剖析了作者的清教观，同时也揭露了当时的社会制度与传统道德观念对人性的压抑与迫害。
关键词：纳撒尼尔·霍桑象征意义红字“a”中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a象征，是文学创作的一种艺术手法，通过借助具体的事物来表现抽象的意义，诱发读者的想象和联想，从而来表达作者所要表现的某种思想、感情、意志或者观点。
象征是美国著名小说家纳撒尼尔·霍桑运用得最为娴熟的艺术手法之一。
面对各种事物和现象，他总是思索其中更深一层的意义，挖掘它们所代表的精神内涵或更高层次的真理。
其代表作《红字》创作于1851年，是整个美国浪漫主义小说中最有声望的权威作品之一，它在思想内容和艺术手法上独具一格，寓意深刻，尤以象征手法表现得最为淋漓尽致，因此，也被称为美国第一部象征主义小说。
《红字》描述了17世纪中叶发生在北美清教殖民统治下的新英格兰的一幕爱情悲剧。
年轻漂亮的海斯特·白兰嫁给了一个畸形的年老学者罗格·齐灵渥斯。
丈夫被俘虏失踪后，海斯特和一个年轻的牧师阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔暗中相爱，并生下了一个女孩儿——珠儿。
犯了通奸罪的海斯特遭到了胸前佩戴红“a”字的惩罚。
而齐灵渥斯潜回美洲处心积虑地折磨丁梅斯代尔。
最终海斯特因自己的美好德行获得了人们的谅解，而丁梅斯代尔在当众袒露了自己的罪责后死去。
这是一个讨论罪与罚及救赎的故事。
霍桑在这部小说中用充满象征的奇异图景构成了一个真实与想象、现实与幻想的混合世界。
本文着重从红字“a”、人物及场景描述三个方面来探讨小说中的象征手法。
一红字——“a”霍桑巧妙地把红字“a”贯穿整个小说，始终让它在不同的地点以不同的形式出现，像一道红线，连结起书中所有的人物和场景，是全书寓意丰富的核心象征。
浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义 姜婷婷
浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义姜婷婷发表时间：2018-09-18T09:51:05.987Z 来源：《知识-力量》3中作者：姜婷婷[导读] 小说《红字》是19世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的第一部长篇小说,同时也是最能体现霍桑对象征手法的娴熟运用的代表作。
受神秘主义的影响，霍桑的作品多使用象征主义来描摹场景、刻画人物，并含沙射影地表达自己的态度和观点。
他惯于将浪漫主义和象征主义相结合，从而使创作达到意想不到的结果。
他在小说《红字》中大量地赋予不同的人物和事物以丰富且有层次的象征意义，使这部小说的内蕴远比字里行间所传达的文本信息更耐人寻味（河南大学，河南省开封市 475000）摘要：小说《红字》是19世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的第一部长篇小说,同时也是最能体现霍桑对象征手法的娴熟运用的代表作。
受神秘主义的影响，霍桑的作品多使用象征主义来描摹场景、刻画人物，并含沙射影地表达自己的态度和观点。
他惯于将浪漫主义和象征主义相结合，从而使创作达到意想不到的结果。
他在小说《红字》中大量地赋予不同的人物和事物以丰富且有层次的象征意义，使这部小说的内蕴远比字里行间所传达的文本信息更耐人寻味。
通过对象征主义的解读以及对红色字母A的象征意义及其与主要人物名字及形象的关系的分析，本文深入剖析和探讨了小说《红字》中的多重象征意义即其多义性。
关键词：红字A；象征主义；多重象征意义一、象征主义象征作为一种文学创作手段，很早就出现在诗歌以及小说创作中。
而象征主义真正作为一种文学流派，则出现于19世纪末至20世纪30年代，并逐渐成为欧美现代派文学的一个重要分支。
对于“象征”一词，历来不乏有评论家、诗人等对其进行解读。
他们的解释往往有相通之处却又不尽相同。
评论家南帆说：“象征是以特定的具体形象表现或暗示某种观念、哲理或情感”[1]。
法国诗人马拉美认为：“象征就是这种神秘性构成的：一点一点地把对象暗示出来，用以表现一种心灵状态”[2]。
浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义
浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义纳尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪伟大的浪漫主义小说家。
他的长篇小说《红字》是其最杰出的代表作。
霍桑在小说中多次运用象征手法，从而使小说中的人物、场所、其它景物以及贯穿小说始终的红字A都带上了特殊的象征意义。
该小说深刻剖析了罪与罚的宗教意识以及其对人性道德本质的深刻影响。
标签：《红字》“A”人物;场景;象征意义1.红字“A”的象征意义1.1霍桑在《红字》中用了大量的象征，小说以“A”开头又以“A”结尾，全部内容包含在这个字母中，人物的命运，情节的发展都与之息息相关，所以红字“A”代表了小说本身。
象征意义最为典型的红字“A”，顾名思义是红色的 A 字，首先映入我们眼帘的便是耀眼的红色。
红色是一种能引起人们无限联想的颜色，于是小说中红色展示出了各种丰富的内涵：红色是血与火的颜色，是热烈情欲的象征，海丝特和丁梅斯代尔抑制不住青春的冲动和对对方的爱慕，最終成为上帝的罪人，一个妇女丧失了贞节，一位牧师辱没了自己的使命，受到惩罚。
红色还是生命、力量和热情的象征。
海丝特与丁梅斯代尔之间的爱情是纯洁的，美丽的，热烈的，然而在严峻的清教思想的统治下，象征爱情和生命之源的红色被愚昧的社会当作耻辱的标记戴在海丝特胸前，以示惩戒。
让大家觉得讽刺的是：海丝特胸前耀眼的红字，就如同她心头熊熊燃烧着的一团火焰，在严寒和冷酷的社会环境中带给她温暖;在死一般地孤独和寂寞中给她以生的希望和勇气。
虽然遭到社会的迫害，世人的唾弃，她却没有屈服，她几乎是昂首挺胸走出层层困境，以无声地沉默和坚强的信念反抗着令人感到窒息的精神压迫。
她坚定地相信，一个更光明的时期一定会来临，人们将会获得真正的爱情和幸福。
1.2就红字“A”本身而言，它并没有神秘的色彩，第一次出现在人们面前，它仅仅是一个耻辱的符号，A字是通奸（Adultery）的缩写，作者霍桑是这样对它进行描述的：“在她（海丝特）衣服的胸部，出现 A 形的字，那是精美的红布制成的，四周有金线织成的细工刺绣和奇巧花样。
论《红字》中的象征主义
外国文学研究NG NG 6论5红字6中的象征主义孙丹丹5红字6是19世纪美国著名浪漫主义作家霍桑的优秀长篇杰作,是美国文学史上第一篇用象征手法创作的小说。
作家在其创作过程中广泛运用了象征的创作手法,从而使得小说中的人物、场所及大自然中的其他景物都带上了特殊的象征意义,使故事情节充满神秘色彩;与此同时,象征手法的运用丰富了作品的思想内涵,增加了小说的艺术魅力,给读者留下了无限的想象和无穷的回味。
象征主义是霍桑在本书中使用的主要技能之一,也是理解这部小说的最关键要素。
一、5红字6中主要人物的象征意义海丝特身材高挑、年轻、漂亮,典型的淑女形象,有着一双大大的眼睛和一头黑色的长发,完全就是/圣母0的形象。
这样一个女性如何面对她的命运?在书中第二章我们看到,当她走出监狱的大门时,/她往外推了一把监狱长)))这个动作带有明显的个人尊严和个性力量,走出了监狱的大门,就像完全出于她个人的自由意志。
0当被绑在绞刑架上当众游街宣告她不名誉的罪行时,她表现出了令人难以置信的勇气和胆量,坚决拒绝说出她女儿的父亲。
但她却受到了当时清教社会的严厉惩罚,被关进监狱。
她胸前戴着红字/A 0,过了七年非常孤寂、清贫与艰苦的生活,但她没有被严酷的生活所压倒,而是同样有勇气鼓励她的情人和她一起逃往欧洲。
虽然没有成功,但却表现了她对爱情和生活的强烈信念。
她热爱自己的女儿)))她的爱情果实。
她非常同情其他的不幸者,重新赢得了邻居们的信任并最终为红字给她带来的耻辱讨回了公正。
小说的最后一章中写道:/但是,当海丝特的充满了劳苦、深思和自我奉献的七年一掠而过后,她胸前的红字不再是召来人们嘲讽和咒骂的印记,而已成为人们为之感到悲伤的东西,成为人们以敬畏的眼光去打量的东西。
当然,这些眼光都带着深深的崇敬。
0从小说中可以看到:/当海丝特拒绝被当众游街时,她同样拒绝了社会准则。
她把那种因犯罪而被拖着走的景象转化成了依照她的自由选择而前进的行为。
她接受了通奸的罪名,但都是根据她自己的准则而接受的;她胸前的红字-A.刺绣变成了一个更复杂的象征,成了一个对一些-有罪的.事情还以公正的象征,成了她激情本性中一个重要的、有生命力的东西。
浅谈《红字》中的人物分析及象征意义
浅谈《红字》中的人物分析及象征意义摘要：《红字》是美国19 世纪浪漫主义文学时期两大文坛巨匠之一的纳撒尼尔.霍桑的代表作之一，它被认为是美国第一部象征主义的小说，霍桑在该作品中大量地运用了象征主义写作手法，极大地提升了作品的文学性和艺术性。
与此同时，将美国的浪漫主义文，手法和美国清教道德理念相结合，具有一定的说教色彩，注重道德关注，该书以殖民地时期残酷的宗教统治为背景，反映了当时社会对女性的压迫，突出展现人在追求幸福中的强大动力，揭露当时社会的残酷法律条例，以及条例对人的精神摧残。
关键词：《红字》象征主义；海斯特.白兰；丁梅斯代尔；齐灵渥斯《红字》红字一书主要描述了英国的一位年老的，丑陋的医生齐灵渥斯送自己年轻、美丽的妻子海斯特.白兰到一个新的地方去波士顿建立美丽的家园。
在海斯特.白兰在遵循丈夫的嘱托建立美丽家园时，惊闻自己的丈夫齐灵渥斯已经死亡。
在这块她相对陌生的土地上，她遇见了年轻有为的、帅气的牧师。
在孤独中海斯特.白兰和牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋，并且生下了女儿珠儿，白兰被当众惩罚，拒绝说出珠儿的亲生父亲，戴上了标志通奸的字母“A”。
一、字母A 的象征该篇小说描述的不是海斯特.白兰犯罪堕落的过程，也不是众多戴着有色眼镜看她的人，而是描述海斯特.白兰勇敢地极力地默默地、无偿地资助他人。
随着时间的流逝，“A”不再是一个固定的符号，它的意义出现了改变。
“A”，最早代表Adultery，意思是犯罪，耻辱和堕落，是海斯特被人们认为堕落和不贞的象征，是对海兰通奸罪的表面认定；之后“A”代表Able，意为能力，有相应的能力，或者相应的才能；之后“A”代表Angle，象征着天使。
“A”的意义的变化，标志着一个女孩如何成熟的过程。
当然也有部分学者认为“A”有其他的含义，如原罪的符号，亚当之罪；也有学者把A 当作美国的象征，美国早期的清教徒迫于生计，漂洋过海来到美国。
“A”字的变化就表现的是美国的成长。
亚瑟.丁梅斯代尔，珠儿的父亲，同时也是众人眼中最年轻有为、最具有说服力、最具有演讲力的牧师。
《红字》中象征主义手法的运用分析
《红字》中象征主义手法的运用分析
《红字》是中国著名诗人李清照的一首词，以赤字无助地被抛弃为主题。
文中，作者利用象征手法，来讽刺那些贪财无度的奢侈之人，又把人性的短处暴露于众。
一、写实主义手法：文中写出被抛弃的“红字”，这个“红字”本来可以象征情书或者爱国热情，但作者写出却是“穷苦人家”把它当成“士多啤梨”来供养家。
这种写实之作，与抛弃的“红字”的象征性有较大的矛盾，深刻地揭示了当今人性的贪婪情绪，即“以物易物”，无情地把破烂衣服等“红字”卖给乞丐。
二、山水象征法：李清照在词中穿插山水景象，以打动读者的情感。
他提到巴陵“泻入清溪，晴天变月”，仿佛山水在夕阳的余辉中，却隐含着那些被抛弃的“红字”的无奈与悲凉，他又写道“未到桃花谷，却自芦苇林”，象征被抛弃的“红字”早早的失去了属于自己的求爱之情，已经永远不能靠近桃花谷之处。
三、寓言手法：寓言手法在词中运用较多，作者用离奇的象征与拟人化，让读者比较容易理解作者所暗示的人性本质之薄弱。
“闲花重叠，求爱不择”，把“红字”的求爱喻成闲花的落叶，说明当年原本有多緿荣的爱情，但是被他人贪恋，结果只有夹杂着哀凉的“红字”抛弃于门前。
“一旦随风去，何日复归？”，把“红字”喻成飘动的“风”，暗示着那些因贪念而失去了的感情，是永远也不能挽回的。
通过《红字》这首词，李清照利用着象征主义手法，深刻地揭示了贪心和无情的人性本质，又让人们深深地反省自己的一些不正确的行为。
《红字》中的“象征主义”
《红字》中的“象征主义”摘要：霍桑的代表作品《红字》描述了英格兰清教徒主义犯罪、爱与悔改和社会压迫。
霍桑探讨了公众面对个人自我、内心激情与社会的区别以及传统的不兼容。
猩红字表示清教条传统在人们的思想和生活中的品牌化，对人的精神、人性和人权的破坏。
着重论述了猩红字母的象征意义及其清教徒主义。
关键词：清教徒；象征意义简要介绍纳撒尼尔·霍桑纳撒尼尔·霍桑生于萨勒姆,马萨诸塞州。
他的童年与寡母生活在萨莱镇。
已经分离的角色期望,偏执的担忧,童年不幸和生活氛围使他的心有一种“孤独”的痛苦感。
他对社会改革没有兴趣,不能理解资本主义经济的迅速发展。
1839年，霍桑在波士顿海关工作了两年多后，进入布鲁克农场，在那里他接触到了超验主义及其代表人物拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和亨利·戴维·梭罗。
霍桑被认为是生活的旁观者，这决定了他对人的心灵和心理活动的兴趣和洞察力。
他深受原罪思想的影响。
原罪思想代代相传，主张人们用善的行为洗去罪恶，净化心灵。
象征意义森林。
森林是小说中自然力量的一种表现。
猩红字母的经典场景是海斯特·普瑞兰走进森林，而她只敢在平时裹着出去。
此时却自由飞翔在森林中间。
这是唯一她可以回到她的女性之美的地方。
在这里她能够独自与迪姆斯代尔交谈，并放弃沉重的道德负担。
森林覆盖了天空和太阳，就像一个秘密的不透明保护室，暂时远离喧嚣和人。
也有评论说，这片森林就像伊甸园，只有这里两个人没有禁忌。
有一首歌，和恋人做快乐的事情，不问就是缘分。
无论是有意还是无意识，霍桑都传达了自然力量与社会力量的比较与反思——人类能否回归人性，摆脱社会的各种法律原则和习俗约束。
颜色。
红色在圣经中是罪的象征。
《启示录》第十七章中的大淫妇穿着鲜红色的衣服，她的马是鲜红色的野兽，充满了亵渎。
托马斯·哈代的《苔丝》也用红色来象征童贞的丧失和淫乱，并唤起启示录中的红色。
由于绣着猩红色的“A”和主妇的头衔，海斯特势必要遭受标签上的压抑。
《红字》中的象征主义
《红字》中的象征主义作者：导师：摘要《红字》是十九世纪美国著名的浪漫主义小说家霍桑的代表作，他常把自己的著作看作浪漫作品而不是小说。
《红字》突出的艺术特色是其丰富的象征手法，因此被称为美国历史上第一部象征主义小说。
作者以红字“A”为线索，通过女主人公海丝特的悲惨遭遇，深刻揭露了新英格兰时期清教殖民统治的社会现状。
本文拟通过对刑台、一系列黑色意象、人物和红字“A”这几个具有象征意义的意象的分析，揭示出象征主义这一艺术特色在全书中的作用和蕴涵的深意，从而能更好地理解全书的主旨。
关键词：象征主义，清教徒，意象，通奸罪Symbolism in The Scarlet LetterAuthor:Supervisor:ABSTRACTThe Scarlet Letter is the masterpiece of the well known romantic novelist, Nathaniel Hawthorne, in America in the 19th century. He often calls his works as a romance rather than a novel. Symbolism is the conspicuous artistic characteristic of The Scarlet Letter; therefore, it is also regarded as the first symbolic novel in the history of American fiction. Hawthorne uses the letter A as a clue to represent the society in New England, which is under the control of Puritans. In this article, several symbolic images, such as the scaffold, a series of ―Black‖ images, characters and the scarlet letter ―A‖, are analyzed, and the function and the hinted meaning of symbolism are made clear, so it leads to a better understanding of the theme of the book.Key words: symbolism, Puritan, image, adulteryAcknowledgementsCONTENTS摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)1 In t rod u c ti on (1)2 Different Meanings of the Scarlet Letter “A” (3)2.1 Adultery (3)2.2 Alone and Alienation (3)2.3 Able, Admirable and Angel (4)2.4 Biblical Archetype (4)3 Symbolic Meanings of the Four Major Characters' Names (7)3.1 Hester Prynne (7)3.2Arthur Dimmesdale (8)3.3 Roger Chillingworth (9)3.4 Pearl (10)4 Symbolic Meanings of the Objects Described in the Novel (13)4.1 Light and Darkness (13)4.2 Prison (14)4.3 Rose Bush (14)4.4 Forest (15)5 Conclusion (16)References (17)1 IntroductionNathaniel Hawthorne is considered to be one of the greatest of American fiction writers. Hawthorne‘s lifelong fascination with New England social and religious history derived in part from his own family background. He was forced by poor finances to accept a post as surveyor in the Salem Custom House, a position he lost in 1849. Troubled about money and saddened by the recent death of his mother, Hawthorne began a novel that he had brooded over for years. As a result, Hawthorne is frequently credited with portraying Puritanism in The Scarlet Letter in a remarkably authentic and convincing manner.The intention of this study is to know what is symbol, and what is symbolism, and we are going to know the m from Hawthorne‘s use of symbols in The Scarlet Letter. Generally speaking, a symbol is anything which is used to represent something other than itself. In literature it is most often a concrete object which is used to represent something broader and more abstract-often a moral, religious, or philosophical concept or value. Symbols range from the most obvious and mechanical substitution of one thing for another, to creations as massive, complex, and perplexing as Melville‘s white whale in Moby Dick.As we know i t is in Hawthorne‘s use of symbols in The Scarlet Letter that he has made one of his most distinctive and significant contributions to the growth of American fiction. Indeed, this book is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.We are going to make a study in the different meanings of the scarlet ―A‖, the symbolic meaning of the four major character s‘name and the symbolic meanings of the objects described in the novel.Also, we would know from the study that Hawthorne was not a realist, but a symbolic novelist. Or, to put it in his own terms, he was writing not a ―novel‖ but a ―romance‖.He feels free to select both from the village and from the countryside which surrounds it, those details which will best help him to set the mood and convey the ideas of his ―romance‖. It is because they are helpful to him that he has used the scaffold, the forest, the rosebush, Mistress Hibbins, Governor Bellingham, the Election Sermon, the drab and solemn townspeople, and even the period itself. By allowing himself this latitude in his choice of details, he hascertainly been able to bring out or mellow the lights and deepen and enrich the shadows of The Scarlet Letter.And definitely, we would know the artistic characteristic—symbolism in The Scarlet Lette r from this study. We absolutely have a better understanding of the theme of the book through the analysis, the function and the hinted meaning of symbolism.2 Different Meanings of the Scarlet Letter "A"In this novel, the scarlet letter "A" changes its meaning many different times. This change is significant. It shows growth in the characters, and the community in which they live. The letter "A" begins as a symbol of sin. It then becomes a symbol of alone and alienation, and finally it becomes a symbol of able, angel and admirable.2.1 AdulteryThe letter "A", worn on Hester's bosom, is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chilling worth. This is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. The puritan treatment continues, because as Hester walks through the streets, she will be looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that commits a terrible crime.This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. ―Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishme nt…‖(Hawthorn,1998:74).Hester is ashamed of her sin, but she chooses not to show it. She commits this sin in the heat of passion, and fully admits it because, though she is ashamed, she also receives her greatest treasure, Pearl, out of it. She is a very strong woman to be able to hold up so well against what she must face. Many will have fled Boston, and seek a place where no one knows of her great sin. Hester chooses to stay though, which shows a lot of strength and integrity. Any woman with enough nerve to hold up against a town, which despises her very existence, and to stay in a place where her daughter is referred to as a "devil child," either has some sort of psychological problem, or is a very tough woman.2.2 Alone and AlienationThe scarlet letter "A" also stands for Hester's lonely life in New England.After she is released, Hester lives in a cottage near the outskirts of the city. "It had been built by an earlier settler, and abandoned, because the soil about it was too sterile for cultivation, while its comparative remoteness put it out of the sphere of that social activity which already marked the habits of the emigrants‖ (Hawthorn,1998:75). Hester's social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful history. Hester comes to have a part to perform in the world with her native energy of character and rare capacity. However, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it. Every gesture, every word, and even thesilence of those with whom she came to contact, implied, and often expressed, that she was banished, and as much alone as if she inhabited another sphere, or communicated with the common nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind.She stood apart from moral interests… ―seemed to be the sole portion that she retained in the universal heart‖(Hawthorn, 1998:78). Hester has no friends in the world, and little Pearl is the only companion of her lonely life, so the scarlet letter ―A‖ also is a symbol of the words ―alone‖ and ―alienate‖.2.3 Able, Admirable and AngelLat er, the scarlet letter ―A‖ changes its meaning into being able, angel and admirable. The townspeople who condemned her now believe the scarlet letter to stand for her ability to her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. ―The letter was the symbol of her calling. Such helpfulness is found in her so much power to do and power to sympathize - that many people refuses to interpret the scarlet letter ‗A' b y its original signification‖(Bell, 1971:148). At this point, a lot of the townspeople realize what a noble character Hester possesses.―Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester – the town's own Hester –who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted!‖(Hawthorn,1998:149). The townspeople soon begin to believe that the badge served to ward off evil, and Hester grows to be quite admirable amongst the people of the town. Hester overcomes the shame of her sin through the purity and goodness of her soul. Unselfishly offering her time and love to those who need her most proves that she is not worthy of the fate which has been dealt to her.The three changes in the scarlet letter are significant; they show the progressive possession of her sin, her lonely life, and her ability. Hester is a strong admirable woman who goes through more emotional torture that most people go through in a lifetime.2.4 Biblical ArchetypeThe scarlet letter "A" also can be seen the symbol of Adam. It tells us that Hester's sin is the original sin of human being, it is forgivable.The writer shows his sympathy by describing the scarlet letter "A" on Hester's clothing as an ornament and a decoration. Hester's making the scarlet letter "A" into a thing of beautyoffends many bystanders, who comment that, "it were well if west ripped Madame Hester's rich gown off her dainty shoulders"(Hawthorn, 1998:51).However, as a young woman observes, "not a stitch in that embroidered letter, but she has felt it in her heart" (Chen Suying, 1997:21). The feeling of sympathy, only expressed by one of the characters throughout this scene, is used by Hawthorne to criticize the puritans for their strictness. The society is too strict in its ways, and Hawthorne shows his contempt for the treatment of Hester by constantly reinforcing how cruelly the people talk about her. Hawthorne says at the end of Chapter One," Finding it (rosebush) so directly on the threshold of our narrative, which is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal, we could hardly do otherwise than pluck one of its flowers, and present it to the reader. It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweat moral blossom, that may be found alone the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow"(Hu Shangtian, 1999:23). This kind of sympathy can be seen in the novel everywhere.To Hester, the scarlet letter "A" also stands for her lover, Pearl's father, Arthur Dimmesdale. Her fantastically embroidering the scarlet letter "A", which means adultery, is somehow a way she shows her passion for Arthur.Her refusing to tell the name of Pearl's father is a way to protect him.Her choosing to remain in New England after she is released is because it is the place where her lover stays. " There dwelt, there trod the feet of one with whom she deemed herself connected in a union, before the bar of final judgment, and make that their marriage-alter, for a joint futurity of endless retribution"(Hawthorn,1998:74). She wears the scarlet letter for seven years, and misses her lover in this way. Only when she meets Arthur again in the forest seven years later, deciding to flee to somewhere else, does she throw the scarlet letter away. After Dimmesdale's death, Hester and Pearl disappear for several years. Despite living with her daughter, Hester comes back to live the rest of her life in her cottage again, and picks up the scarlet letter for the third time. To Hester, there is a more real life in New England than in that unknown region where Pearl has founded a home."Here had been her sin, here, her sorrow, and here was yet to be her penitence" (Hawthorn, 1998:238). Moreover, here is where her lover lies. Hester eventually dies and is buried in the King's Chapel Cemetery. " It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with aspace between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both."--- " ON A FIELD, SABLE, THE LETTER, GULES"(Hawthorn, 1998:240).3 Symbolic Meanings of the Four Major Characters' NamesIn addition to the scarlet letter ―A‖, there are four major characters‘ names which have abundant symbolic meanings.3.1 Hester PrynneHester Prynne is one of the major characters in The Scarlet Letter.The writer gives her much symbolic meaning by giving her this name. Hester sounds like Hestier, Zeus' sister in Greek mythology, who is a very beautiful goddess. This gives us a sense that Hester is a passionate beautiful woman.In this novel, she is the symbol of the truth, the goodness and the beauty.Nathaniel Hawthorne describes her in Chapter Two like this: "The young woman was tall, a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale, she had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes…"(1998:50). For so many years, Hester refuses to speak out the name of her partner in sin, but takes over all the punishment by herself. Instead of running from the hostile colonists, Hester withstands their insolence and pursues a normal life. She proves her worth with her uncommon sewing skills and provides community service. Hester's own sin gives her "sympathetic knowledge of the sin in other hearts." Even though the people she tries to help "often reviled the hand that was stretched forth to succor them," she continues her services because she actually cares. At last, the colonists come to think of the scarlet letter as "the cross on a nun's bosom", which is not small accomplishment.Also, Hester is the homophone of the word haste. At first, she gets married to Roger Prynne, an ugly man who gives his best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge. Not having got the news about her husband who should have arrived by ship from England, she falls love with Arthur hastily and gives birth to Pearl, for which she is condemned to wear on the breast of her gown the scarlet letter "A", which stands for adultery. But Hester's adultery haste is nothing but a very natural thing to do. In the Holy Bible, Adam and Eve, the very ancestors of human being, who live in the Garden of Eden, eat the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the garden tricked by the serpent. After that, they begin to know good and evil,and also they begin to know sex. Adultery is nothing but the original sin of human being. God's punishment to them is just sending them forth from the Garden of Eden. But in The Scarlet Letter, Hester is tortured physically and mentally for her sin. Hester says to Dimmesdale in the forest later, ―What we did had a consecration of its own, we felt so!‖(Hawthorn, 1998:179). In essence, their sin is no worse than Adam and Eve's. The punishment of puritan society is somehow too hard on a woman who is led by human instinct.3.2 Arthur DimmesdaleArthur Dimmesdale is a well-regarded young minister, whose initials are AD, which also stands for adultery. The author obviously tells us Author Dimmesdale is the partner in sin of Hester Prynne by giving him this name.The word Dimmesdale also has many symbolic meanings. Dim means dark and weak, and dale means valley, so the dimmesdale here is actually a symbol of the "dim-interior" of the clergyman. He loves Hester deeply, and he is the father of Pearl, but he can only show his passion for her in the forest or in darkness. His response to the sin is to lie. He stands before Hester and the rest of the town and proceeds to give a moving speech about how it would be in her and the father's best interest for her to reveal the father's name. Though he never actually says that he is not the other partner, he implies it by talking of the father in third person. Such as, "If thou feelest it to be for thy soul's peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer"(Hawthorn, 1998:63). He concedes his guilt for seven years, at the same time; he is tortured by his sin for so many years. He punishes himself by believing that he can never be redeemed. He feels that he will never been seen the same in the eyes of God, and that no amount of penitence can ever return him to God's good graces. He hates his hypocrisy to sin, but dares not tell the truth that he is the fellow-sinner of Hester. When he finally decides to expose the truth and tell his followers of how he deceives them, his fixation on his sin has utterly corroded him to the point of death. The only good that comes out of conceding his guilt is that he passes away without any secrets, for he is already too far gone to be able to be saved.At the end of the story, the writer put the morals which press upon the readers from the poor minister's miserable experience into one sentence," Be true! Be true! Be true! Showfreely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!" (Hawthorn, 1998:236).3.3 Roger ChillingworthRoger Chillingworth, like all of Hawthorne's main characters, is complex and difficult to see through. The words ―chilling‖ and ―worth‖ compose the surname Chillingworth. Chilling comes from the word ―chilly‖, which means this man is a merciless avenger. He is calm in temperament, kindly, but keep evil intentions. Being a man already in decay and misshapen from his birth hour, he married Hester, a woman with youth and beauty, deluding himself with the idea that intellectual gifts might veil physical deformity in a young girl's fantasy. He married Hester not because he loved her but because he wanted to light a household fire in his lonely and chilly heart.He is a bookworm who spends his best time in libraries, and shows no love to his young wife. It is he that has destroyed Hester's flower like youth, and indirectly leads to Hester's tragedy. After he discovers that his wife bore another man's child, Roger gives up his independence. He used to be a scholar, who dedicates his best years "to feed the hungry dream of knowledge," but his new allegiance becomes finding and slowly punishing the man who seduces his wife. He soon becomes obsessed with his new mission in life, and when he targets Reverend Dimmesdale as the possible parent, he disguises himself as one trust friend of the minister, attaching himself to him as a parishioner. For seven years, he digs into the minister's heart with keen pleasure. He searches the minister's thoughts; he causes the poor minister to die daily a living death. He searches into the minister's dim interior for a long time, and turns over many precious a tread, and as wary an outlook, as a thief entering a chamber where a man lies only half asleep,---― or, if it may be, broad awake,--- with purpose to steal the very treasure which this man guards as the apple of his eyes"(Hawthorn, 1998:119). When he finally found the scarlet letter "A" on the bosom of the minister, he busted out a ghastly rapture, When he does these, he is turning from a victim to a sinner. Chillingworth is also means that the avenger's life is worthless. When he finds his wife betrays him, he dedicates all his time to seeking revenge. He gives up his identity, living with the minister and being by his side all day, every day. His largest sacrifice is by far, his own life. After spending so much time dwelling on his revenge, Chillingworth forgets that he still has a change to lead a life ofhis own. So after Dimmesdale reveals his secret to the world, " All his strength and energy---- all his vital and intellectual force--- seemed at once to desert him; in so much that he positively withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanied from mortal sight, like an uprooted weed that lies wilting in the sun"(Hawthorn, 1998:236). Chillingworth dies less that a year later because he has nothing left to live for. The poor forlorn creature is more wretched than his victim is --- the avenger had devoted himself.3.4 PearlPearl is one of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic symbol - one that is always changing. Pearl was a source of many different kinds of symbolism. From being a living scarlet letter, to a valuable thing with high price, then to the moral in this novel. She was a kind of burden, yet love for Hester.The most significant symbolic meaning of Pearl in the novel is her association with the scarlet letter ―A‖. When Hester stood fully revealed before the crowd, it is her first impulse to clasp Pearl closely to her bosom; "not so much by an impulse of motherly affection, as that she might thereby conceal a certain token, which was wrought or fastened into her dress"(Tian Junwu, 1999:50). "In a moment, however, wisely judging that one token of her shame would but poorly serve to hide another, she took the baby on her arm…‖(Tian Junwu, 1999:50 ). Hester embroidered the scarlet letter with gold thread fantastically, and she had allowed the gorgeous tendencies of her imagination their full playing contriving Pearl's garb. ―and, indeed, of the child's whole appearance, that it irresistibly reminded the beholder of the token which Hester Prynne was d oomed to wear upon her bosom‖(Tian Junwu, 1999:93) .Pearl really was the scarlet letter, the scarlet letter in another form; the scarlet letter endowed with life.Pearl is a girl of rich and luxuriant beauty. ―There was fire in her and througho ut her, she seemed the unpremeditated offshoot of a passionate moment‖(Tian Junwu, 1998:93). The Bible says," the kingdom of heaven is like merchant in search of fine pearls; on finding one pearl of great value, he went and sold all that he had and bought it"(Matthew,1980: 13-14). Hester named the infant "pearl", as being of great price,--- purchased with all she had,--- her only treasure! if Pearl had never been born, Hester would have never been found guilty ofadultery, and thus never would have had to wear that burden upon her chest. Without that burden, Hester would have led a much better life than the one she had throughout the novel. Although Hester has so much trouble with Pearl, she still feels that Pearl is her treasure. Pearl is really the only thing that Hester has in her life. Once in a while, Pearl will bring joy to Hester's life, and that helps her to keep on living. If Pearl isn't in Hester's life, Hester will almost surely have committed suicide. This can be proved in Chapter 8, The Elf-child and the Minister. After Hester gets the permission to still keep Pearl at her side, Mistress Hibbins invites her to go to the forest to meet the Black Man together with her. But Hester refuses and says, with a triumphant smile,‖ "I must tarry at home, and keep watch over my little Pearl. Had they taken her from me, I would willingly have gone with thee into the forest, and signed my name in the Black Man's book too, and that with mine own blood!‖(Hawthorn, 1998:98). It is Pearl that saves Hester from Satan's snare.Pearl also serves as moral in this novel, The moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully commits their sin and then take responsibility for their sin. The first thing Pearl see in her infancy is the scarlet letter on her mother's bosom. As a baby, she even reaches up and touches the letter, causing her mother intense agony at the shame it generated in her. Later, she plays a game when she throws flowers at her mother and jumps around in glee every time, she hits the sc arlet letter. She also makes her own letter ―A‖ to wear. When she finds Hester removes the scarlet letter from her chest in the forest, Pearl starts screaming and convulsing and refuses to cross the stream until Hester reattaches the letter. She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong. With Pearl at her side, Hester will never escape the punishment of her wrong deed.Moreover, Pearl is the person who eventually makes Dimmesdale admit his crime. She constantly asks why the minister keeps putting his hand over his heart, and figures out it is for the same reason that her mother wears the scarlet letter. Her role as a living scarlet letter is to announce to the whole world who the guilt parents are. After Dimmesdale manages to keep the mother and daughter together in the governor's hall, Pearl responses amazingly. She takes his hand and places her cheek against it.This simple gesture is full of meaning, because it implies that Pearl recognizes Dimmesdale as being connected to her. Meanwhile, Pearl's stand of urging the minister to commit his sin is firm. When Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold where Hester suffered herpublic humiliation several years before, he meets Hester and Pearl, who have been at Governor Winthrop's deathbed, taking measurements for a robe, he invites them to join him on the stand. When all three hold hands, Pearl asks Dimmesdale,‖ Wilt thou stand here with moth er and me, tomorrow noontide?‖(Hawthorn, 1998:140). Dimmesdale answers,‖ Not so, my child, I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee, one other day, but not tomorrow‖(Hawthorn, 1998:141). Pearl laughs and attempts to pull away her hand until the minister promises to take her hand and her mother's hand at ―the great judgment day‖. W hen they later meet in the forest, Hester says to Pearl, ―He loves thee, my little Pearl, and loves thy mother too. Wilt thou love him?‖ Pearl says,“Doth he love us?‖ then asks, ―wilt he go back with us, hand in hand, we three together, into the town?‖ The answer is ―not now‖. So when Dimmesdale impresses a kiss on her brow before they leave the forest, ―Pearl broke away from her mother, and, running to the brook, stooped over it, and bathed her forehead, until the unwelco me kiss was quite washed off…‖(Hawthorn, 1998:194). At the end of the novel, when the minister climbs up the scaffold with the help of Hester and Pearl, confessing his sin to his followers, Pearl kisses his lips. She accepts her father finally.Pearl's role as the living scarlet letter is over, and Dimmesdale, who finally takes responsibility for his sin, has learned the moral, which she is meant to teach.4 Symbolic Meanings of the Objects Described in the NovelIn The Scarlet Letter, most of the objects that are described have many symbolic meanings.4.1 Light and DarknessThe novel is filled with light and darkness symbols because it represents the most common battle of all time, good versus evil. When Hester and her daughter are walking in the forest, Pearl exclaims:" Mother, the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on you bosom. Now see! There it is, playing a good way off. Stand you here, and let me run and catch it. I am but a child. It will not flee from me, for I wear nothing on my bosom yet‖ (Hawthorn, 1998:168). Hester tries to stretch her hand into the circle of light, but the sunshine vanishes. She then suggests that they go into the forest and have rest. This short scene actually represents Hester's daily struggle in life. The light represents what Hester wants to be, which is pure. The movement of the light represents Hester's constant denial of acceptance. Hester's lack of surprise and quick suggestion to go into the forest, where is dark, shows that she never expected to be admitted and is resigned to her station in life. Another way light and darkness is used in symbolism is in the way Hester and Dimmesdale's plan to escape is doomed. Hester and Dimmesdale meet in the shadows of the forest with a gloomy sky and a threatening storm overhead when they discuss their plans for the future. The gloomy weather and shadows exemplify the fact that they can't get away from the repressive force of their sins. It is later proven when Dimmesdale dies on the scaffold! Instead of leaving with Hester and going to England. A final example occurs in the way Hester and Dimmesdale can not acknowledge their love in front of others. When they meet in the woods, they feel that," No golden light had ever been so precious as the gloom of this dark forest‖(Hawthorn, 1998:199). This emotion foretells that they will never last together openly because their sin has separated them too much from normal life.4.2 PrisonThe opening chapter introduces several of the images and the themes within the story to follow.“The founders of a new colony, whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project, have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical。
论霍桑红字中的象征意义
论霍桑红字中的象征意义霍桑红字是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑于1850年出版的一部小说，被视为美国文学的经典之作。
故事讲述了一个发生在17世纪新英格兰的奇特故事，以红字A的象征意义为主要线索。
本文将探讨霍桑红字中的象征意义，解读其背后深层的思想和文化内涵。
首先，红字A在《红字》中象征着“赎罪”和“罪恶”。
主人公海丽丝·普林被迫佩戴着一个绣有红色字母“A”的徽章，表示她是一个通奸的罪人。
这个红字在社会中不仅让她备受羞辱和排斥，也成为她内心深处的重负。
红字A成为了海丽丝赎罪、面对罪恶的象征，她在故事中通过忍受屈辱与痛苦，最终以一种崇高的方式承担了她犯下的错误。
其次，红字A也可以解读为“爱情”和“激情”的象征。
故事中的男主角阿瑟·登斯代尔是海丽丝的爱人，他们之间的激情和欲望被描绘得极为强烈。
红字A不仅象征着他们秘密的爱情，也暗示了他们之间的禁忌与罪恶感。
红字A在小说中的描绘含有一种诱惑力和吸引力，象征着激情和爱情的燃烧。
此外，红字A还意味着“独立”和“反抗”。
霍桑在《红字》中刻画了一个封建时代的严苛社会，海丽丝是这个社会的受害者。
然而，虽然她备受羞辱，却在某种程度上选择了独立和反抗。
她坚守自己的信仰，并积极影响周围的人。
红字A在这个背景下象征着她的独立思想，她对不公正体制的反抗，以及对自由和尊严的追求。
最后，红字A还可以被视为“耻辱”和“社会道德”的象征。
在《红字》的故事中，整个社会对海丽丝的通奸行为十分厌恶，并对她进行严厉的谴责。
红字A成为了一个恶名的标记，让她成为社会的耻辱。
通过描绘海丽丝被红字A所束缚和困扰的形象，霍桑探讨了社会道德对个体的压迫和限制。
综上所述，霍桑红字中的象征意义丰富而深刻。
红字A代表了赎罪、罪恶、爱情、激情、独立、反抗、耻辱和社会道德等多重含义。
通过这个象征物的运用，霍桑向读者传达了对人性、社会制度以及道德观念的思考和反思。
红字A成为了海丽丝的生活之痛，也成为了读者对当代社会伦理和道德问题的思考。
霍桑作品中的象征意义研究
霍桑作品中的象征意义研究《红字》是十九世纪美国著名的浪漫主义小说家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作。
在《红字》中,作者始终以象征的手法贯穿全文,尤其是字母A的象征意义丰富、深刻。
它起初象征着通奸,但它的意义并非局限于此,后来又象征着孤独和疏远,象征着能干、钦佩和天使。
总之,红字A蕴涵着多重象征意义。
标签：红字;字母A;象征1 引言纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家。
《红字》被认为是霍桑最杰出的代表作。
在《红字》中,作者始终以象征的手法贯穿全文,加强了作品的艺术效果。
因此,由于象征而闻名的《红字》一书被看作是美国第一部象征主义小说。
犯通奸罪的女主人公海丝特在胸前佩带一个红色字母A示众,A即通奸。
海丝特和她的情人丁梅斯戴尔深受折磨,过着痛苦不堪的生活。
然而,作者赋予红字多种意义,而不仅仅是耻辱的象征。
2 红字A的象征意义(1)通奸(Adultery)。
红字“A”在小说中,首先是惩罚的标志。
依据当时的情况,妇女要被判处终身佩带绣在长袍上的字母A,以示其犯了通奸罪。
此时,红字“A”意味着通奸(Adultery)。
然而随着情节的发展,作者赋予了A字不同的新意,在世人的眼中红字A已不再是罪恶的代表符号了。
(2)孤独,隔离(Alone and Alienation)。
因为犯了通奸罪,被人鄙弃。
她受人冷眼、嘲讽,无人容纳她,只有那阴暗的家室才能容纳她。
红“A”字又是海丝特孤独的(Alone)、与人疏远的(Alienation)生活象征。
她从监狱释放出来后,居住在城郊的一座小木屋里,与外界的联系主要是她的刺绣。
丁梅斯代尔的A是他与其他人的隔离(Alienation)。
与海丝特不同,他的隔离不是纯距离上的隔离,而是人与人灵魂思想的陌生和孤独(Alone)。
当他以他的传教方式,不只一百次地告诉人们他“完全是一团污秽,一个骗子时,”人们并没有用污辱海丝特的方式来污辱他。
相反,他们相互私语着“这个神圣的青年!”这样,他越接近他的真实,而人们就离他越远,让他独自一人徘徊在他的虚伪而又真实的世界中。
论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用
论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部小说，被誉为美国文学的经典之一。
在这部小说中，霍桑运用了丰富的象征主义手法，使作品更具深意，凸显了主题。
首先，作者通过字母"A"的象征意义，揭示了主人公海岱尔的罪恶和羞耻。
海岱尔身上带有红字“A”作为标记，代表着她犯下的奸淫罪行。
这个象征物不仅是对海岱尔的惩罚，也是社会对她的审判和嘲讽。
通过这一手法，作者生动地描绘了海岱尔内心的挣扎和痛苦。
其次，作者利用红字的象征意义，突显了道德观念在社会中的束缚和压迫。
红字的存在成为一种道德标尺，让人们无法忽视海岱尔的罪行。
这种道德束缚不仅限制了她的行动，也让社会对她产生了偏见和歧视。
通过这一手法，作者反思了社会对道德的过度强调所带来的负面影响。
此外，在小说中出现的野生红花也具有象征主义的含义。
红花象征着自由、热情和生命的力量。
当海岱尔佩戴红花时，她摆脱了社会对她的压迫，展现出属于自己的力量和追求。
这一象征手法强调了个体的反抗和追求自由的重要性。
最后，作者通过大自然的描写和象征物的运用，将主题进一步拓展和深化。
大自然中的红色景观如红色的阳光、红色的树叶等，为整个故事增添了视觉上的强烈感受，并与主题紧密相关。
这种象征手法使读者能够更好地理解和感受到主人公的内心世界。
综上所述，通过《红字》中象征主义手法的运用，霍桑创作了一部思想深邃、意义丰富的作品。
作者巧妙地利用象征物体现了主人公的内心挣扎、社会的审判和道德的束缚，同时也突出了个体的反抗和追求自由。
《红字》的成功在于通过细腻的描写和准确的象征运用，将主题表达得淋漓尽致，深深地触动了读者的情感和思考。
论《红字》的象征寓意
论《红字》的象征寓意一、本文概述《红字》是19世纪美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作，被誉为美国文学的经典之作。
该小说以波士顿殖民时期的社会背景为舞台，通过女主人公海丝特·白兰的悲惨遭遇和道德挣扎，深入探讨了人性、宗教、社会等复杂问题。
本文旨在分析《红字》的象征寓意，揭示霍桑如何通过象征手法，将小说的主题和深层含义巧妙地融入到故事的各个层面之中。
通过对小说中人物、物品、环境等象征元素的分析，我们能够更好地理解霍桑的创作意图，以及这部作品对后世文学和社会思想产生的深远影响。
二、《红字》的故事梗概《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑于19世纪50年代创作的一部长篇小说。
作品以17世纪中期清教徒统治下的波士顿为背景，细腻地描写了女主人公海丝特·白兰因通奸罪被判在胸前佩戴象征耻辱的红色“A”字示众，在经历了长期的精神折磨后，仍坚持用道德和爱的力量感化他人，最终赢得人们的尊敬的故事。
海丝特·白兰是一个美丽而坚强的女性，她因与教会长丁梅斯代尔的爱情而犯下了通奸罪。
在那个时代，通奸是一种严重的罪行，不仅会受到法律的惩罚，还会被社会所唾弃。
海丝特被迫在胸前佩戴红色的“A”字，这个“A”字象征着她的耻辱和罪孽。
然而，海丝特并没有向命运低头。
她以坚定的信念和无私的爱，独自抚养着与丁梅斯代尔所生的女儿小珠儿。
她用自己的行动和道德力量，逐渐感化了周围的人，赢得了他们的尊敬和信任。
在这个过程中，她不仅救赎了自己，也救赎了那些曾经伤害过她的人。
教会长丁梅斯代尔是一个复杂的人物。
他一方面深爱着海丝特，另一方面又无法摆脱内心的罪恶感和社会的压力。
他在痛苦和矛盾中度过了自己的一生，最终在得知海丝特已经得到了救赎后，选择了向她坦白自己的罪行，并在悔恨中死去。
《红字》通过海丝特和丁梅斯代尔的故事，探讨了人性、道德、爱情和救赎等主题。
作品以象征手法和细腻的心理描写，展现了人性的复杂性和多面性。
霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读
霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读《红字》是美国文学史上的经典之作，霍桑在小说中巧妙运用了许多象征主义手法，使得小说具有深刻的寓意和内涵。
本文将从人物、颜色和场景三个方面对《红字》中的象征主义进行解读。
一、人物方面的象征意义首先，小说中的主人公赛琳娜·普林丝是象征“禁欲性”的代表人物。
她因为私通了教士，而被判穿着“A”字母的红色“罪恶”的标志，过着孤独和困苦的生活。
其次，赛琳娜的丈夫罗杰·查琳是象征“复仇”和“报应”的人物。
他在小说中一直在寻找私通者的身份，最终发现是赛琳娜，并计划复仇。
最后，小说中的教士阿瑟·德米辛是象征“双重性”的人物。
他作为教士，本应该代表着道德和伦理，但却和赛琳娜私通，暴露出他的内心深处的矛盾和欲望。
二、颜色方面的象征意义在小说中，红色是最为显眼的颜色。
它既代表着赛琳娜被判穿着的“A”字母，也代表着罗杰·查琳的心中充满的复仇欲望。
此外，红色还代表了罪恶、欲望和魔鬼等负面的含义。
与红色相反的是黑色，它代表着死亡和悲哀。
小说中描写赛琳娜·普林丝的丧葬，墓碑是黑色的，这象征着她的人生悲惨和不幸。
三、场景方面的象征意义小说中的林景是象征着赛琳娜·普林丝的内心。
在林景中，她和教士阿瑟·德米辛私通，这象征着她内心深处的欲望和矛盾。
而在小说结尾，林景又成为了赛琳娜离开世界的场所，这象征着她生命的终结和悲哀。
此外，在小说中还有许多细节的描写，如花草、阳光、天空等，都是象征着不同的含义，寓意深刻。
总之，霍桑在《红字》中运用了众多的象征主义手法，将人物、颜色和场景等元素有机地融合在一起，使得小说具有了深刻的内涵和寓意。
读者通过对这些象征意义的解读和理解，也能更好地领悟小说所表达的思想与精神。
借象征之名寓道德之意--《红字》中的象征主义和道德观
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《红字》中的象征意义
《红字》十九世纪美国浪漫主义作家纳撒尼尔崔桑的第一部作品，同时也是他最优秀的作品，这部经典在岁月的洗礼下越发闪耀，先后被译为多种文字，改编成影视作品。
虽然这部作品过去了很多年，但是其中体现出的对爱情、对婚姻以及人性的思考仍然值得我们今天去思考。
作家马原曾说：“《红字》是一部经典已经没有异议。
霍桑是我心中最了不起的小说家。
《红字》与所有别的名著最大的不同，是你可以读它许多遍，每读一遍收获都会有所不同。
它太过短小，涵盖又太过辽阔，这是不可思议的，也几乎是不可能的，但它的确如此。
”再一次重温这部作品，我也有了不一样的感悟，对于作品中的红字也有了更进一步的思考。
接下来我将从红字的罪恶、爱情与救赎三个方面来探究其象征意义。
一、红字之罪恶象征：世俗眼中的伤风败俗首先红字是一个类似字母“A”形状的图案或者标志。
是世俗对主人公赫斯特“婚外情”的惩罚。
当时赫斯特怀孕了，而孩子的父亲却不知是谁，当时的清教与世俗判定其通奸罪行成立，让其终身佩戴红字于胸前作为惩罚。
主人公赫斯特最初因为家庭困难不得已嫁给了比自己年长并且丑陋的老学究罗杰齐灵沃斯，这原本就是一个无爱的婚姻，也许在最开始这个罪恶的种子就已经埋下了。
当时在移居新大陆的时候，罗杰让赫斯特先行一步，但是罗杰却意外被印第安人捉去，这一失踪就是两年，而且隐约传来罗杰死去的讯息。
就是在这个时候，罗杰下落不明，赫斯特好像是一个寡妇的身份，这个时候她与当地年轻帅气又有才气的青年牧师丁梅斯代尔相识，两人经过一段时间的相处顺利相爱了。
后来因为赫斯特怀孕的事情在当地被传开，当时的清教以及世人都认为她犯了通奸之罪，赫斯特在牢狱中生下了他们的爱情结晶——女儿珠儿，可是正是这个时候赫斯特的丈夫罗杰回来了，化身一名医生，躲在黑暗里默默等待报复的时机，悲剧的种子悄悄的长大。
当时法官判定让赫斯特说出奸夫的名字就赦免她，但是她为了维护丁梅斯代尔的名誉，拒绝说出他的名字，最后法官让其终身穿上带有红色“A”字图案的衣服，作为惩罚。
《红字》中的象征意义探讨
《红字》中的象征意义探讨摘要：《红字》是美国19世纪最伟大的浪漫主义作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的成名作，也是他最著名的代表作。
这部著作巧妙的借助象征手法，使作品中的人物、场景等都带上了特殊的象征意义，故事情节也充满了神秘色彩，给读者留下了无限的遐想空间，达到了言有尽而意无穷的效果，因此被视为美国第一部象征主义小说。
本文主要在细读文本的基础上，探讨《红字》中的象征意义，以加深对这部小说的理解。
关键词：《红字》；象征意义《红字》纳撒尼尔·霍桑的杰出代表，也最能代表其思想和艺术风格。
霍桑生活在美国文艺复兴时期，他受清教意识、神秘主义等思想的影响较大，他一方面反抗清教主义，揭露宗教的虚伪，但另一方面也受其束缚，无法完全解脱出来。
这种矛盾性反映在作品中通过象征主义完美的演绎出来。
《红字》是美国文学史上第一部用象征手法创作的小说，贯穿作品始终，被称为美国第一部象征主义小说。
小说讲述了北美殖民时期发生的恋爱悲剧。
故事的女主人公叫海丝特·白兰，是一个美丽、年轻的女人。
她出生于英国的一个破落贵族家庭，因为家道中落，不得已嫁给了一个身体畸形的老学者——罗杰·齐灵渥斯，婚姻没有给她带来幸福。
后来，他们决定移居波士顿，齐灵渥斯在海上失踪，传言说已经身亡。
在波士顿的独居生活中，海丝特与一个年轻的牧师阿瑟·丁梅斯戴尔真心相爱。
一个美丽的女人与一个英俊多才的牧师发生了不该发生的事情，很快被人们所察觉，海丝特也被冠上了通奸的罪名而被投入监狱。
小说开头就是海丝特怀中抱着刚出生三个月的婴儿——女儿小珠，胸前佩戴着刺眼的红色“A”字，在刑台上示众。
人们通过多种方式审问、逼迫海丝特说出孩子的父亲到底是谁，但海丝特拒不交代。
在刑台上海丝特看到了混在人群中，两年前被传身亡的丈夫齐灵渥斯。
示众三小时结束后，海丝特因为不交代同犯又被投入了监狱。
海丝特的丈夫来到监狱让海丝特告知他谁是奸夫，海丝特不说，并且告知齐灵渥斯，自己不爱他。
浅谈《红字》中象征主义及浪漫主义手法的应用
浅谈《红字》中象征主义及浪漫主义手法的应用1、《红字》的主题思想《红字》以两百多年前的殖民地时代的美洲为题材，但揭露的却是19世纪资本主义发展时代美利坚合众国社会典法的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。
主人公海丝特被写成了崇高道德的化身。
她不但感化了表里不一的丁梅斯代尔，同时也在感化着充满罪恶的社会。
至于她的丈夫奇林渥斯，小说则把他写成了一个一心只想窥秘复仇的影子式的人物。
他在小说中只起情节铺垫的作用。
2、《红字》象征手法《红字》用略带神秘色彩的自然景象烘托环境、渣染气氛和映衬人物心理的手法俯拾皆是，最突出的便是丁梅斯代尔牧师和海丝特及珠儿在夜晚和密林中的两次会见：由红字连系在一起的几个主要人物的同时出场，如同戏剧中迭起的高潮，把全书紧织在一个严密的结构之中。
《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。
人物介绍1、海丝特年轻美丽姑娘的海丝特·白兰在还不懂得什么是爱情的花样年华，嫁给了一位面容苍白、眼色阴沉、身材略有畸型的年长学者齐灵渥斯。
他们的婚姻并非爱的结合，维系其婚姻的可能是某种利益或者宗教思想的束缚。
然而，给这段不幸的婚姻雪上加霜的是，齐灵握斯两年内音讯全无，并最终传来他葬身大海的噩耗。
孤苦无依的海丝特与才貌相当、德高望重的年轻牧师丁梅斯代尔产生了爱情，并孕育了女儿珠儿。
本来两个人的爱情和结合应该是合情合理的，然而却被世俗所不齿，海丝特因此担上了“通奸”的罪名，被迫终身佩戴红字“A”，精神上受尽了折磨和屈辱。
2、珠儿海丝特的女儿珠儿是罪恶耻辱与神圣爱情的矛盾结合体。
海丝特精心地打扮小珠儿，使可爱奔放的她像个天使，一颦一笑，举手投足都闪烁着一种希望的光芒和生命的光辉，带给人们冲破清教束缚的希望。
虽然自小被这个社会所抛弃，跟着母亲受到众人的歧视，嘲讽和迫害，珠儿却桀骜不驯，充满活力。
珠儿身上洋溢着的那股生命的活力和果赘不驯的反叛力是自觉的、先天的，足以超越任何社会、时代的束缚。
珠儿的美和野性的反叛同齐灵渥斯的丑形成强烈的对比：博学多识的老医生却是如此丑陋不堪，而作为母亲罪恶象征的小女孩则仍保持着自然人的纯真，在霍桑的宗教意识里，小珠儿便是“天使”，代表着希望，是霍桑美好理想的寄托，也体现了他对宗教的幻想。
小说《红字》的写作手法
小说《红字》的写作手法
《红字》是一个揭示人性的故事，描写了一个女人因通奸而受到屈辱和惩罚。
在这个故事中，作者用了多种写作手法来深刻地展现人性和社会的复杂性。
1.象征主义
2.意识流和内心独白
小说中还出现了意识流和内心独白的手法。
这些技巧帮助读者更深刻地理解女主人公的内心感受、思想和动机。
作者通过这种方式，让读者了解到女主人公在面对社会的谴责时所承受的痛苦、内心的挣扎和疑虑。
这个手法不仅让人物更加立体化，同时也让人物的感情更加真实。
3.色彩主题
作者还巧妙地将颜色运用到小说中，表现出更加微妙的主题。
例如，红色象征着罪行和性爱，黑色象征着阴谋和恶意。
这些色彩运用的手法不仅美学，更深层意义的是突出主题和意义，体现出作者的深刻洞察力和强烈的美感。
4.象征与隐喻
作者还采用象征与隐喻的手法，使故事更加丰富和深刻。
例如，女主人公手中的玫瑰被视为一种负面象征，暗示她的通奸行为。
这种手法增强了故事的象征主题，深化了读者对自由、激情和罪行的理解。
总之，《红字》是一部重新界定文学的作品，它不仅揭示了人性的缺陷和社会的残酷性，而且探索了深层的象征和隐喻，使读者感受到更加深刻和意义的美感和思考。
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for the degree of Bachelor of Arts to the
College of Foreign Languages
Hebei United University
May 31st,2014
摘 要
象征主义作为一种文学流派，出现于19世纪末至20世纪30年代，是欧美现代派文学的一个重要分支。《红字》是霍桑的代表作，这部作品更是将象征主义运用的淋漓尽致，以细致入微的心理分析和寓意深刻的象征手法剖析人类的罪恶根源，揭示"人性恶"这一古老而永恒的主题。
《红字》以17世纪北美清教殖民统治下的新英格兰为背景，描写两个触犯清教戒律的教徒悔罪的心理历程。《红字》中，霍桑成功地运用多重象征，从不同的侧面暗示《红字》为主题。正因如此，《红字》被称为美国第一部象征主义小说，这种艺术手法对美国小说的发展起了极大的影响。
本论文将会从主要人物,海斯特，丁梅斯代尔，珠儿分别代表的象征意义；周围环境和自然环境，如监狱和绞刑架的象征意义，以及红字“A”在不同时期的不同含义，通过对这些象征主义的学习和研究，我们可以进而进一步了解霍桑娴熟的写作技巧和他本人深邃的思想。
Hawthorne'swriting skills can be summarized as follows:Hawthorneseems to be influenced a lot by the sin and evil in his sense. He believes evil exists in human heart all the time. For example, in the novelThe Scarlet Letter, the minister Dimmesdale tries to pretend how pure and pious he is. He wants to cover up the evil in his mind. Not only Dimmesdale wants to do like this, but also all the people in the world, because we are only human beings. And the evil just likes a markthatexists inour mind when we are born. And in Hawthorne’s mind, people who commit a crime must be punished, because people can get experience from this way. And also he supports people to tell the truth and not to offend. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist inAmericain the 19th century and is considered to be the first greatest American fiction writer in the moralistic tradition.Hawthorneis outstanding in literature skill, especially in handling symbolism. His work---The Scarlet Letteris notable for its symbolism and is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American literature.
Chapter 1 Introduction…………………...………...………….…….…………1
Chapter2LiteratureReview…………………………………………………2
2.1 Aim and Significance…………………………………………………………2
2.2 TheTheme of theNovel…………………………………………………2
Chapter4TheSymbolicMeaning ofSettings……...…………………….….………6
4.1 ThePrison and theScaffold…………...………………………….…………6
4.2TheMansion and theGardenofGovernor Bellingham…………...……………7
5.4 Pearl……………13
Chapter6TheSymbolicMeaning of theMinorCharacters…………….………...…15
Chapter7TheSymbolicMeaning of theNaturalPhenomenon…………….…….…16
5.1 Hester Prynne…………………...………...……………………….………10
5.2 Arthur Dimmesdale ………...………...……….…………………….…………11
5.3Roger Chillingworth…………...………...……………...………….…………12
关键词象征主义；清教主义；环境；人物
A
Symbolism, as a literary school, appeared at the end of 19th century until the 1930s and is one of the most important branches of modern literary school in European and American history.The Scarlet Letteris the representative work of Hawthorn, which employed the technique of symbolism to the full degree and throughthorough analysis and profound use of symbolism so as to explore theorigin of human being’s evil.At last the ancient as well as external theme of "evil of human being" is revealed and uncovered clearly and plainly.
Chapter3TheSymbolicMeaning ofDifferent A……………………………………4
3.1 Adultery……………………………...…………...…………...……………4
3.2 Alone and Alienation………………...………………………………….5
3.3 Able, Admirable and Angel………...…………………………….…………..5
Set on the background ofNew Englandthis was ruled as colony by Puritans, portrayed a couple of law-broken puritans, whose process of mentality is vividly elaborated in this great work.InThe Scarlet Letter, the writer employed many symbolisms successfully, and rendered the theme through different hints.Thus, this novel is regarded as the first novel holding thesymbolism, which executed great influence on the future development of American novel.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…...………...………...………...………...………..……20
C
Nathaniel Hawthornewas born inSalemin 1804. He was born ina prestigiousNew Englandfamily closely related with Puritan church; his ancestors attended the persecution of people belonging to different churches, such as Quakers. When he was born, his family declined. He was aware of his ancestors' misdeeds and thus"blackness ofHawthorne"formed. He thought that the reason of his family's decline is his ancestors' misdeeds. And he didn't agree with the optimism held bytranscendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature.