2018年考研英语二模拟试卷2与答案

英语（二）模拟试题Secti on I Use of En glishDirections:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A, B, Cor D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 poi nts)Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fin gers bur ned, aga in. On November 29thAmerica ' Federal Trade Commissi on (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settleme nt with the gia nt social n etwork over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their pers onaldata.The details of the settleme nt make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users ' trust. It is also no table because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social n etworks in America.The regulator ' s findings come at 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way forits list ing, the firm first n eeds to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10_its willi ngn ess to n egotiate the settleme nt 11 this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “ unfairand deceptive, and 12 federal law ” For instanee, it _13 pers on ally ide ntifiable in formatio n to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted acco unts 14 .The settleme nt does not 15 a n admissi on by Facebook that it has broke n the law, but it deeply16_the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg,Facebook ' s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “ a small number of high- pro ” were 18 the social network ' s “ good history ” on privacy.The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will nowhave to seek consumers ' approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an in depe ndent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear patter n here .In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has in sisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violat ing its customers ' privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regthnet is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.1. [A] sett ing [B] playi ng [C] light ing [D] turni ng2. [A] craft [B] docume ntary [C] trade [D] draft3. [A] verdicts [B] allegati ons [C] rumors [D] affirmati on4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses5. [A] impulse [B] in itiative [C] inno vati on [D] motion6. [A] in crease [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearanee7. [A] in dispe nsable [B] esse ntial [C] critical [D] fun damental8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove9. [A] con troversy [B] competiti on [C] dispute [D] compromise10. [A] despite11. [A] un veiled12. [A] violated13. [A] in formed14. [A] available15. [A] constitute16. [A] in volves17.[A] turn dow n19. [A] expert20. [A] a nd [B] give n [B] discovered [B] assaulted [B] en trust [B] retrievable [B] corresp ond [B] strikes [B] cut down [B] overlook ing [B] external [B] but [C] although [C] exposed [C] resisted [C] imparted [C] reversible [C] confirm [C] embarrasse s [C] play dow n [C] overtak ing [C] formal [C] thus [D] hence [D] revealed [D] betrayed [D] con fided [D] in accessible [D] con ceive [D] attacks [D] bring dow n [D] overthrow ing [D] automatic [D] despiteSecti on II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADirectio ns :Read the follow ing four passages. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C,or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Most America n movies are produced in Hollywood,Califor ni a.Hollywood,which is actually not aseparate city but a part of Los An geles,is an ideal spot for the movie in dustry.The sun shi nes mostof the time,and the climate is mild.Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours'drive.Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year — Academy Award night. At the Academy Award prese ntati on held each spri ng, statuettes called Oscars are give n tofilm in dustry winners in doze ns of categories, in cludi ng best actor, best actress, and best picture.The wi nners are chose n by members of the in dustry before the ceremony, but their n ames are keptsecret un til prese ntati on ni ght, whe n they are announced in a long, n ati on ally televised program.Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II,when televisi oncaptured much of the movie audie nce.Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much thesame type of en terta inment as televisi on does. With free en terta inment in their homes, manyAmerica ns simply stopped going to movies. Betwee n 1946 and 1956, movie atte ndance was cut in half. At the same time, product ion costs zoomed. The movie in dustry was in trouble.The in dustry adjusted itself in a nu mber of ways. Movie compa nies ren ted sound stages to TVcompa nies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmedmany of them overseas. To lure audie nces, the in dustry in vested in new len ses,wider scree ns,and stereoph onic sound. Studios also bega n produci ng kinds of en terta inment that could not beoffered by TV-films with con troversial or shock ing themes, films with huge casts and lavish sett ings. As a result of these cha nges, today the America n moti on picture in dustry is thrivi ng.21. W hat makes Hollywood a great place for America n movie in dustry accord ing to the passage?[A] A famous part of Los An geles[B] Favorable n atural and traffic con diti ons18. [A] overshadowing[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shi ning sun[D] A great in dustrial base of America n22. Which one about Oscars is correct accord ing to the passage?[A] It is the n ame of a great film figure[B] It is give n to World Academy Award in America each year[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry[D] It doesn 'produce until Academy Award night in each spring23. Why did many America ns like en terta ining in homes in stead of going to cin ema after World War II?[A] Because the quality of film was beco ming worse and worse[B] Because Hollywood movies could n 'offer en terta inment similar to televisi on[C] Because the movie in dustry was in trouble for expe nsive product ion cost[D] Because TV's popularity made them enjoy without pay ing24. What does the word Zoomed" (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?[A] Moved along very quickly[B] Rose upward into the air[C] In creased high in price[D] Moved with a low hummi ng no ise25. The movie in dustry tried many methods to lure audie nces except _______ .[A] buildi ng commercial relati on ship with TV compa nies[B] improvi ng its basic equipme nt[C] produci ng films with famous stars in low cost[D] offeri ng types of en terta inment differe nt from TVText2The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt,with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.From the barre n Arctic shore of a village in Can ada 's far no rthwest,vetera n observer Eddie Grube n has see n the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed.By this weeke nd the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea,but forty years ago,it was 64 kilometers out.Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century,but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster,almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases,researchers say.ln late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settleme nt of 900 Arctic Eskimos.As of Thursday,the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported,the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July —equivale nt to one In dia na or three Belgiums daily.The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007,the year whe n the ice cap dwin dled to a record minimum exte nt of 4.3 million square kilometers in September.In its latest analysis,NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007,including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea,the arm of the Arctic Ocea n off no rther n Alaska and n orthwester n Can ada.Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past fewyears,as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic 's dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer.The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate, ”Meier said.Ironically,the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest ually,impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.Observation satellites'remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record.Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months,and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again,leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice.Most of the sea ice will be new,thinner and weaker annual formations,however.At a global conference last March in Copenhagen,scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated,citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example.A month later,the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years,not at the century 'send earlier predicted.26. _________________________________________________________ The word“retreating”(Line2,Paragraph2)most probably means __________________ .[A] withdrawing [B] moving back[C] melting [D] treating again27. ____________________________________________ We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that .[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July28. __________________________________________ We may know that summer melts made .[A] some impassable channels covered by ice[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice[C] thin ice become multiyear ice[D] the world climate change its character29. ____________________________________________ We learn from the last two paragraphs that .[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness[D] Arctic summers couldn 'tbe ice-free until next century30. W hich of the following is the best title for this text?[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changesText3The classic American identity theft scam works like this:the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he's actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name.Once you discover and report this,you 're not liable for money the bank lost,but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out.Bear in mind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he's you”,I'm not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother.No,all that 's necessaryto fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number,or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.Why are lenders so careless with their money?The snarky answer is:because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail ”entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars'worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they?Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase! ”From the lenders'perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer ”market.But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to?The supreme court of the state of Maineis currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.It 's too early to know how the court will rule, but I 'll make a prediction anyway: nothing will change from the consumers 'perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.31. ________________________________________ After suffering from identity theft, you .[A] should pay for money the bank lost[B] are required to report to your bank immediately[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back[D] won 't have to take any loss caused by it32. What 's the real meaning of “too big to fail ” in para. 2?[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn 't fail at all.[B] Leaders won 't pay for their loaning carelessness.[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.rd33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about _________ .[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft[B] The reason of companies ' effortlessness to help avoid identity theft[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans34. The example in the 4 th paragraph is cited to show that ______ .[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America[C] Companies should be responsible for identity theft[D] Companies often suffer from identity theft in America35. What ' s the author ' s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?[A] Disappointed [B]Confident[C]Complicated [D]OptimisticText4Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practicehave been compiling the “ Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care ” , using Medicare data to compar-esph e nadlthing patterns indifferent regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible —and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to[A] save every life with every possible means[B] help people to die if that is his/her will[C] make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours[D] consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it39. In the author's opinion the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5[A] eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare[B] is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard[C] emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope[D] is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system40. According to the author, the American government will the proposal of gentle dying[A] disapprove of [B] divide at[C] hesitate at [D] side withPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points)[A] Convincing evidence: US is losing its appeal in the eyes of multinationals[B] Biggest hindrance: US divided political system[C] American future: stuck in the middle[D] Overstated statement: US overall competitiveness is declining[E] Voice of experts: pessimism pervades academic world[F] Economic outlook: bad but not desperate[G] Undisputed fact: US is losing its economic edge41.IsAmerica fading? America has been gripped by worries about decline before, notably in the 1970s, only to roar back. But this time it may be serious. There is little doubt that other countries are catching up. Between 1999 and 2009 America ' s share ofowrtsorfledlleixnpalmost everyindustry: by 36 percentage points in aerospace, nine in information technology, eight in communications equipment and three in cars. Private-sector job growth has slowed dramatically, and come to a halt in industries that are exposed to global competition. Median annual income grew by an anemic 2% between 1990 and 2010.42.The March issue of the Harvard Business Review is devoted to “ American competitivenessReview reports that declinism is prevalent among HBS alumni: in a survey, 71% said that American competitiveness would decline in the coming years.43.America is losing out in the race to attract good jobs. Matthew Slaughter of Dartmouth 'Tusck School of Businesspoints out that multinational firms increased employment in America by 24% in the 1990s. But since then they have been cutting back on jobs in America. They have moved dull repetitive tasks abroad, and even some sophisticated ones, too. The proportion of the employees of American multinationals who work for subsidiaries abroad rose from 21.4% in 1989 to 32.3% in 2009. The share of research-and-development spending going to foreign subsidiaries rose from 9% in 1989 to 15.6% in 2009; that of capital investment rose from 21.8% in 1999 to 29.6% in 2009.44.Ameri ca ' s political system comes in for particularly harsh criticism: 60% of HBS alumni said that it was worse than thosein other advanced countries. David Moss of HBS argues that such complaints are nothing new: American politicians have been squabbling about the role of government ever since Thomas Jefferson butted heads with Alexander Hamilton. But in the past this often led to fruitful compromises. But such compromises are rarer these days. Republicans and Democrats are more ideologically divided, and less inclined to make pragmatic concessions.45.For all this gloom, the Review ' s gurus argue that, as Bill Clinton said in his first inaugural address,there is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. The country has huge strengths, from its world-beating universities to its tolerance of risk-taking. It has a highly diverse market: firms that seek cheap labour can move to Mississippi, where wages are a third lower than those in Massachusetts. Rosabeth Moss Kanter of HBS points to the extraordinary amount of innovation that is going on not just in Silicon Valley but across the country.Yet it is difficult to read this collection of essays without a sense of foreboding. The one thing that worries the HBS alumni more than anything else—the state of American politics —is the most difficult to fix. The political pendulum swings unpredictably, making it hard to plan for the future. Should companies assume that they will have to abide by Mr Obama ' s h-ecaaltrhe law when itcomes into effect in 2014, or will the Republicans have repealed it by then? No one knows.Section III Translation46. Direction:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is senior citizen discount.Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses- as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airli ners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millio ns of America ns above age 60 are healthy. Busin esses that would n ever dare offer disco unts to college stude nts or anyone un der 30 freely offer them to older America ns. Perhaps the practice once was true, but today elderly America ns as a group have a lower poverty rate tha n the rest of the population.To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older America ns are poor. But most of them aren '.Section IV Writi ngPart A47. D irecti ons:Joh n, one of your frien ds, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset. Write a letter to him to1) express your pity, point out the reas on for his failure,2) en courage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEETDo not sig n your own n ame at the end of the letter. Use “ Zhang Wei” in stead.Do not write the address. (10 poin ts)Part B48. D irectio ns:In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following table,in which you should1) describe the table,2) state your opinions draw n from it.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)毕业生毕业去向考研38%Section I Use of English1 - 5 BDBAB 6 - 10 CCBCD11-15 AACDA 16-20 CCABBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 B C D C C 26-30 C B A C B31-35 C B B C A 36-40 A C C B DPart B41-45 GEABFSection III Translation在美国，年龄就是特权，其中比较突出的一项就是老年折扣。