初中英语语法专题-副词(附练习答案)
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副词
第一节副词概述
1.副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
(1)修饰动词:
He walks fast.
You must act quickly.
Quick和fast的联系和区别: fast 与quick 两者都表示"快的",但有不同之处。
(1)fast多指运动物体速度"快",强调物体运动的方式, 既能用作形容词,又能用作副词,
与quickly的含义比较接近,但它比较侧重于强调过程的迅速、快。如:Lucy runs faster than Meimei. 露西跑得比梅梅快。
(2)quick多指动作发生或完成得很迅速、敏捷,强调动作的短暂性, 强调动作迅速发生并完成。如:Come quick! 快一点来!Be quick! 快点。He is quick at learning. 他学得快。Don''''t talk so quick. We can''''t write down the main points. 不要讲这么快,我们没法把要点记下来。
另外,quickly是副词,也表示即刻行动,毫不迟延,指动作在较短的时间内或较近的将来
即可发生或完成。如:He quickly picks up the wallet on the ground. 他很快地拾起地上的钱夹。(2)修饰形容词
She is very beautiful.
It’s pretty hot.
(3)修饰副词
Andy speaks French very well.
Jack studies really hard.
(4)修饰整句
Luckily, we are all safe.
Generally, men are stronger than women.
2.副词的分类
第二节副词的构成和比较等级
1.形容词构成副词的一般规则
有些形容词和副词同形,如:
back adj. 后面的back adv. 向后地
2.副词的比较等级
(1)单音节词,加-er和-est
(2)双音节词及多音节词,加more 和most
但是early 的比较级和最高级则分别为:earlier earliest (3)不规则变化的词
farther/ farthest, further /furthest的用法
farther/ farthest和further /furthest都可用于表示距离和时间上的远We can go farther/further.
We can look back farther/further into the past to find the truth.
further /furthest 还可表示程度上的“深远”“进一步”
The police will research further into this matter.
3.原级比较常用句型
,,as+副词原级+as,.该句型表示:,.和,..一样
He speaks as loudly as you do.
,.not as (so)+副词原级+as...该句型表示:,..不如,..
I can’t walk as/so fast as you.
他没有你反应的快。(respond)
4. 比较级常用句型
,副词比较级+than...
She speaks English more fluently than I do.
她比她的弟弟更努力学习。
the+副词比较级,.,the+副词比较级,表示:_____________
The more you give, the more you get.
4. 最高级常用句型
the+副词最高级+in /of...
He swam (the) fastest in the group.
She travelled (the) farthest of the travelers.
他是所有老师中最努力工作的。
She likes English best of all. (相比其他科目)她最喜欢英语。
相比其他活动)他最喜欢打篮球。
第三节副词的位置
1.方式副词的位置
(1)置于动词或动词宾语后
动词后:
They lived happily ever after.
动词宾语后:
He spoke French well.
动词与介词连用时,有“动词+介词+宾语”结构,副词可置于介词前或宾语后
Look carefully at this picture.
=Look at this picture carefully.
He shouted crazily at me. =
若宾语稍长,则副词一般置于介词前
Look carefully at this picture hanging on the wall.
He shouted crazily at everyone walking past him.
在“动词+宾语”和“动词+介词+宾语”结构时,若宾语较长,则副词一般置于动词前
She carefully picked up the toys that were left on the floor by her son.
宾语为短语或从句时,一般较长,若将副词置于短语或从句后,副词会被认为修饰短语或
从句中的动词,从而意思发生改变
比较:
Romeo and Juliet secretly decided to meet at midnight. 罗密欧和朱丽叶秘密决定在午夜相见。Romeo and Juliet decided to meet at midnight secretly. 罗密欧和朱丽叶决定在午夜秘密相见。
2.地点副词的位置
置于动词后,若动词后有宾语,则置于宾语后
(1)置于动词后:
Andy is downstairs.
(2)置于宾语后:
I don’t want to send him away.
(3)here/there置于句首的情况
here/there + be/come/go + 名词主语,强调here/there
Here is Andy. 安迪在这里。(刚发现安迪在这里或安迪刚出现在这里时,用此表达)
There is Amy. 艾米在那里。(刚发现艾米在那里或艾米刚出现在那里时,用此表达))Here comes the bus. 公车来了。(看着公车刚来时,用此表达)
There goes the train. 火车走了。(看着火车走时,用此表达)
若主语是代词,则代词主语置于动词前:here/there+代词主语+ be/come/go Here I am. 我在这里。
There he is. 他在那里。
There she goes. 她朝那走去。
Here he comes. 他朝这走来。
3. 时间副词的位置
一般置于句尾,强调时间时,可置于句首
Eventually she went away. = She went away eventually.
Then the teacher came. =。
Tomorrow I’ll call you.
4. 频度副词的位置
无助动词或情态动词时,置于行为动词前或be动词后
I usually go to bed at ten.