狗的自述--马克吐温
马克吐温作品集

马克吐温作品集 Corporation standardization office #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8
马克·吐温作品集《哈克贝里芬历险记》
《汤姆索亚历险记》
《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》
《苦行记》
《竞选州长》
《案中案》
《卡县名蛙》
《百万英镑》
《三万元遗产》
《坏孩子的故事》
《火车上的嗜人事件》
《我最近辞职的事实经过》
《田纳西的新闻界》
《好孩子的故事》
《我怎样编辑农业报》
《大宗牛肉合同的事件始末》
《我给参议员当秘书的经历》
《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》
《神秘的访问》
《一个真实的故事》
《法国人大决斗》
《稀奇的经验》
《加利福尼亚人的故事》《他是否还在人间》
《和移风易俗者一起上路》《狗的自述》。
马克吐温一条狗的自述读后感

马克吐温一条狗的自述读后感
从这只小狗的自述里,我发现狗的世界原来也是那么丰富多彩。
它看待人类的那些事儿啊,就像一面镜子,照出了好多我们平时都没注意到的自己的样子。
小狗描述它对主人的忠诚,那可是全心全意的,就像它生命里最重要的事儿就是陪着主人、保护主人。
这让我想到我们人对待朋友或者家人,有时候都没这么纯粹呢。
这只小狗的冒险经历也是超级精彩。
它在那些经历里有迷茫,有害怕,但始终保持着一种对世界的好奇。
它遇到不同的人和动物,就像我们在生活中遇到各种各样的人和事儿一样。
它的那种单纯地去应对生活里的好与坏的态度,让我有点惭愧。
有时候我们人啊,在面对一些小困难的时候,就会想得特别复杂,还会有各种抱怨,可这小狗却不会,它就那么努力地活着。
而且马克·吐温用这只小狗的视角来写故事,真的是特别聪明。
就好像他把我们平常觉得高高在上的人类社会,从一个很低的角度给我们展示了一遍。
我们总是觉得自己多聪明、多厉害,可是在小狗眼里,我们也有很多奇怪的行为。
比如说我们有时候对一些无关紧要的东西特别执着,而忽略了真正重要的感情之类的。
读完这个故事,我还觉得特别温暖的一点是小狗对家庭的那种眷恋。
不管它走到哪里,它心里都想着它的家,它的主人。
这让我想到家对我们来说也是这样一个港湾。
不管在外面经历了多少风雨,只要一想到家,心里就有了依靠。
总之呢,马克·吐温的这个故事就像一个充满惊喜的小包裹,打开了,里面全是关于生命、忠诚、家庭和人性的宝藏。
它让我更加珍惜身边的一切,也让我想要像那只小狗一样,简单而真诚地对待生活。
马克·吐温悲怆的幽默——《狗的自述》中的幽默因素

马克·吐温悲怆的幽默———《狗的自述》中的幽默因素孙继涛(上海大学外语学院,上海200444)摘要:幽默的不协调理论较好地解释了马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默效果,可以帮助我们理解马克·吐温在创作中使用的幽默手法。
《狗的自述》以其悲惨的结局通常被视为吐温晚年悲观情绪的外现,而文本的幽默性往往被人忽视。
其实,故事“天真无邪”的叙述者与作家早期作品中的主人公形象颇为相似,由人物引发出来的诸多不协调之处构成了这篇小说的幽默因素,体现吐温一贯的幽默手法。
Abstract:Incongruity theory properly explains humorous effects of Mark Twain’s sketches,giving us a better understanding onthe author’s writing tactics.A Dog’s Tale(1903),for its tragic ending,is usually taken as a desperate expression by Mark Twain inhis late years;while the humorous effects are neglected by critics.Actually,the innocent narrator in the story has no difference withthe protagonists in Twain’s early works,who creates so many incongruities which give the story a color of humor.关键词:不协调人性悲观Keywords:incongruity morality pessimism基金项目:上海大学研究生创新基金(SHUCX102078)资助。
马克·吐温

马克·吐温(Mark Twain),美国著名作家和演说家,真实姓名是萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)。
“马克·吐温”是他的笔名,原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。
马克·吐温12岁时,父亲去世,他只好停学,到工厂当小工。
后来他又换了不少职业,曾做过密西西比河的领航员、矿工及新闻记者工作。
渐渐地着手写一些有趣的小品,开始了自己的写作生涯。
[1]马克·吐温一生写了大量作品,题材涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。
从内容上说,他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处,表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心;从风格上说,专家们和一般读者都认为,幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。
他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程,其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段,前期以辛辣的讽刺见长,到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。
被誉为“美国文学史上的林肯”。
他于1910年4月21日去世,享年七十五岁,安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
中文名萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门外文名Samuel Langhorne Clemens别名美国密苏里州佛罗里达的乡村出生日期1835年11月30日逝世日期1910年4月21日职业小说家、演说家目录1人物生平1835年11月30日马克·吐温出生于美国密苏里州佛罗里达的乡村贫穷律师家庭。
他是家中7个小孩中的第6个。
他的父亲是当地的律师,收入微薄,家境拮据。
小马克·吐温上学时就不得不打工。
他十一岁那年父亲去世,从此他开始了独立的劳动生活,先在印刷厂当学徒,当过送报员和排字工,后来又在密西西比河上当水手和舵手。
[2]1839年秋,马克·吐温一家迁往密苏里州汉尼拔(Hannibal)的一个密西西比河的港市,而这就成为了他后来的著作《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《顽童流浪记》中圣彼得堡的城市的灵感。
有关悲悯的句子名言经典语录

有关悲悯的句子名人名言经典语录悲悯名言名句事例人类最难忍的是怜悯之情,尤其是在他值得别人怜悯的时候。
仇恨是一剂滋补药,它能使人活下去,它唤起复仇的念头;可是,怜悯却能杀死人,它使我们原来虚弱的身体更为衰弱。
——巴尔扎克《驴皮记》能够吐出一句箴言是一种安慰。
吼叫是狼的安慰,羊毛是羊的安慰,白颊鸟是森林的安慰,爱情是女人的安慰,箴言是哲学家的安慰。
——雨果《笑面人》人有了怜悯之心,就会觉得自己已经做了一切切实实可以做、而且应该做的事情,是的,怜悯之后便心安理得了。
——高尔基《马特维•科热米亚金的一生》我的朋友,你的语声飘荡在我的心里,像那海水的低吟声缭绕在静听的松林之间。
——泰戈尔《飞鸟集》宽恕人家不能宽恕的,是一种高贵的行为。
——莎士比亚《理查二世》别骄傲,别怀恨,别不肯原谅人。
——狄更斯《马丁•瞿述伟》仁慈的气息永远是一个人心灵高尚的标记。
——巴尔扎克《人生的开端》要知道,爱找别人阴暗面的人,自己也常常失掉光芒。
——高尔基《忏悔》我们既活着做人就必须造就我们所处的实际环境,凡事忍耐些。
——泰戈尔《沉船》从洞穴里看见,天是渺小的,生活是狭窄的。
——高尔基《初恋》凡是经过考验的朋友,就应该把他们紧紧地团结在你的周围。
(《莎士比亚戏剧集》)一把叉子叉不起一堆粪。
——高尔基《母亲》要像蜂房里的蜜蜂和土窝里的黄蜂那样,聪明人应当团结在一起。
——高尔基《我的大学》等我长大成人,我一定要勤劳,知足,善良,要为别人做一些好事,如果可能的话,还要博得别人的欢心。
——狄更斯《荒凉山庄》我一直确信不移地认为,当我为改变自己的贫穷或默默无闻的处境而奋斗的时候,有一个思想一直给我以力量。
——狄更斯《狄更斯传》我获得人家的信任,一不恳求,二不追求;我只是在尽我一切义务的时候,诚心诚意,信念十足,以求人家对我这个人的最大的尊敬,即使在做一件微不足道的事情的当儿。
——巴尔扎克《乡村医生》最重要的人是同你在一起的人,因为谁也不知道他以后究竟还会同别的什么人打交道。
《马克吐温中短篇小说选》读后感1000字

《马克吐温中短篇小说选》读后感1000字《马克吐温中短篇小说选》读后感1000字:马克·吐温是美国著名作家和演说家,他写的这些短篇小说批判了当时的不合理现象和人性的丑恶,表达他的正义感和对普通人民的关心,他写的中短篇小说即便十分幽默和讽刺,其中我最喜欢的是《百万英镑》《狗的自述》《竞选州长》。
《百万英镑》了一个美国穷小子亨利的一次奇遇,他被两位澳大利亚富翁选中,几张给了他一张无法兑现的百万英镑支票,看清楚他在一个月中是否为何被捕坐牢,一个月后,亨利不仅没有坐牢,还有了爱人,并挣到许多钱。
虽然小说很短,但充分反讽了资本主义社会:“金钱至上”的拜金主义,在约翰刚得到亨利那张百万支票时,他穿着破败的衣服去吃饭、买衣服,老板和员工看他穿着不起眼,都看不起他,给他提供不该残羹剩菜和别人不要的衣服,当他向老板和员工拿出那张百万支票时,一脸吃惊,对亨利的态度简直是一百八十度转变,员工都十分热情的给他端上最好的菜,衣店的老板亲手给他测量,量身打造最合适最好的衣服,充分影射讽刺当时社会的拜金主义,揭露那些势利小人,见钱眼开、阿谀奉承的荒诞面容。
一张支票让他过上了舒适的生活,让他从流浪汉成为一个名声远扬、权力极高的的人,后来一个贵人把他的支票藏了起来,当时亨利的上市公司大跌,若人们开始怀疑他是否有支票,亨利无法拿出支票,众人纷纷来拆他的台及,骂他是骗子,把他的衣服收走,当亨利拿出支票时,众人又纷纷讨好亨利,约翰失去的又全都回来了,真是讽刺,不管如何爱钱都丢掉做人最基本的人性,更不能抛弃自己的道德与良知,毕竟金钱也不是万能的。
《狗的自述》中马克·吐温以狗为第一人称,手法独特,写出了狗的真诚,对世界的感恩来讽刺当时的人,小说的主要内容是上写“我”和新主人之间的寓言,“我”相救了主人的小宝贝,可断了一只脚,因为主子是一个科学家,某天他用我的“宝宝”来做实验,后来“宝宝”死了,家仆把他埋到那颗“我”最喜欢的树下,而“我”却一直在期待“宝宝”再次长出来,可“我”没有等到,直到“我”死去的时候也没有等到。
《一只狗的独白》 马克吐温

《一只狗的独白》马克吐温第一章我的父亲是圣伯纳犬,母亲是柯利牧羊犬,而我属于长老会犬。
母亲这么跟我说的,我不知道这其中的区别。
对我来说都是些没有意义的好词儿。
母亲很喜欢谈论这些,其他的狗纷纷表示艳羡,觉得她很有教养。
其实那不是真正的教养,只是炫耀。
她从餐厅,画室有人的地方听说这些词,或者跟孩子们去上周日班时顺带学的;她从各个渠道听说这些词汇,一遍又一遍的说给自己听,为的是能在跟其他狗聚会的时候讲给他们听,小狗到大狗,无不为她动容。
假如有狗对她产生质疑,刨根揭底的问她,她总会耐心解答。
他从来都没有抓到过她的把柄,所以当她解释的时候,他只得表现的很羞愧,虽然他以为羞愧的那个应该是她。
其他的狗都见怪不怪了,他们非常的崇拜她,为她自豪,每当她说着那些大道理时,所有的狗都露出敬仰的神态,没有一个质疑她说的对不对。
一切都理所当然,其原因有两个:一是她反应非常迅速,说起话来就跟百科字典,二来他们也无法证明对错。
她是唯一的知识分子。
我长大点时,她带回来些不好的词汇。
有次,整整一个星期她参加八场聚会,把场面弄得很消沉。
那就是那个时期,我发现每个聚会时她都会被提问,而每一次她的解释都不一样,我觉得她比我想的更加老练,当然但我什么也没说。
她心中牢牢记住一个词汇,只在紧急时救场用,就像快溺水时的救生衣。
那个词叫做同义词。
每当她使用一个长词条,而这个词上礼拜已经解释过的,意思她早忘了;这时候有个陌生人站出来,非常困惑地问她,她本来已经准备继续下一个话题了,完全没有料到这一出;所以他追问的时候,我作为唯一知道内情的人,看出来她稍稍吃了一惊,但仅仅持续了几秒钟。
接着她马上恢复正常,用非常优雅平静的语调说:“跟supererogation一个意思”,要么其他这种长长的字眼,说完后再迅速过渡到下一个话题,毫不费力。
最后你看到那陌生人的脸上只剩下羞愧和尴尬,身体僵在那里,脸上呈现出一种扭曲的神采。
短语也是一样。
她找来一个完整的词组,如果讲起来很华丽,她就花上几天把它记住,变着花样一遍一遍的解释。
马克·吐温悲怆的幽默——《狗的自述》中的幽默因素

马克·吐温悲怆的幽默———《狗的自述》中的幽默因素孙继涛(上海大学外语学院,上海200444)摘要:幽默的不协调理论较好地解释了马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默效果,可以帮助我们理解马克·吐温在创作中使用的幽默手法。
《狗的自述》以其悲惨的结局通常被视为吐温晚年悲观情绪的外现,而文本的幽默性往往被人忽视。
其实,故事“天真无邪”的叙述者与作家早期作品中的主人公形象颇为相似,由人物引发出来的诸多不协调之处构成了这篇小说的幽默因素,体现吐温一贯的幽默手法。
Abstract:Incongruity theory properly explains humorous effects of Mark Twain’s sketches,giving us a better understanding onthe author’s writing tactics.A Dog’s Tale(1903),for its tragic ending,is usually taken as a desperate expression by Mark Twain inhis late years;while the humorous effects are neglected by critics.Actually,the innocent narrator in the story has no difference withthe protagonists in Twain’s early works,who creates so many incongruities which give the story a color of humor.关键词:不协调人性悲观Keywords:incongruity morality pessimism基金项目:上海大学研究生创新基金(SHUCX102078)资助。
《狗的自述》中艾琳的性格分析

IntroductionMark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clement, 1835-1910) was a famous writer, journalist and humorist of USA. He was 19 century American critical realism literature's excellent representative, he stood in the humanitarian standpoint, bitterly to expose the American democracy and freedom under the cover of hypocrisy, criticized the United States as a capitalist countries inherent social drawbacks, such as racial discrimination, worship of the feudal autocracy, the church, the hypocrisy, aggression and expansion, the performance of the real democracy, free life yearning. Mark Twain was also a famous humorous irony writer for his humorous distinctive style. Lu Xun evaluated Mark Twain that "became a humorist, was for the life, but there were sorrow and irony contained in the humor, it was unwilling caused of that." Mark Twain once said: "we cannot only amuse blindly, but should we have higher ideals." Mark Twain's humor was not only for laughing at human weakness, but enlarge and show people that, hoping that human beings become more perfect, more ideal.Most of his novels focus on the relationship between man and society , and his most distinguished novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876), and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885),with several short stories (such as Calaveras county and the 1,000,000 pound bank-note )have gained much attention and have established his reputation and spread his influence worldwide . However, his short story A Dog's Tale whose protagonist is not usual man but an innocent dog, has received less attention than it deserves. In this brief essay, I would like to focus on analyzing the character of a dog from two sides, including both positive and passive sides, through hers attitude toward other dogs and human beings, thus to show Mark Twain’s humanism and the story’s social significance.1. Summary of the story line of A Dog’s TaleA D og’s Tale is a short story written by Mark Twain in his old age. It first appeared in the December 1903 issue of Harper’s magazine. In January of the following year it was extracted into a stand-alone pamphlet published for the National Anti-Vivisection Society. Still later in 1904 it was expanded into a book published by Harper & Brothers. The fiction is told from the standpoint of a loyal household pet, and describes the heroine dog, Aileen's life as a puppy and her separation from her mother, which to her was inexplicable. Her mother was vain and light-hearted but still very kind, brave and noble dog. Aileen’s puppy and her owner's new child were soon added to her new home. When a fire breaks out in the nursery, the dog risks her life to drag the baby to safety. In the process, her motives are misunderstood and she is cruelly beaten. Soon however, the truth of the situation is discovered and she receives no end of praise. Later in the story, her puppy dies as a result of the owner's biological experiments. Only a servant seems to realize the irony, exclaiming, "Poor little doggie, you saved HIS child!" In the end, the dog pines inconsolable over the grave of the puppy with the clear implication that she will do so until death.2. Analysis of Aileen’s character2.1 Attitude towards other dogsIn this short story, the heroine is a dog, named Aileen Mavoureen. First as a dog, other than other dogs, she has a kind and honest heart. We can conclude this from her attitude towards her vain and light-hearted but kind and gentle mother. Her mother likes to say some fine large words to other dogs; she hears those words from man's talking or going to the Sunday-school with hers master. Beside she also likes speaking phrases and even telling short amusing stories, but what she really cares is the phrase or the story itself rather than its meanings. While she is such light-hearted, other dogs still follow her speech, and pretend to understand her words. For she is the only “well-educated” dog. However, only the heroine Aileen doesn't blindly follow her. She keeps a rational mind toward those so called knowledge, which her mother hasalways pressed to her and other dogs. One good example is that one day when her mother tells them a funny short story, although it seems that she doesn't catch the amusing point, she herself laughs all the time without stopping, and even fells down to the ground. At that time, the listeners are all laughing with her even though they don't understand the meaning of the story at all, because they don't want to show their ignorance in front of other dogs. While Aileen not, she knows they all pretended. Only she keeps a clear mind to those faculties. As the Chinese saying goes “When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it.”, Aileen observes hers own rules of knowledge. But although she knows her mother's vanity, she never reveals hers tricks and weakness in front of others, for she thinks her mother is a really good dog with many virtues, and this virtues are enough to make up all hers disadvantages. So these virtues are that her mother is kind and gentle to others all the time, and she holds a rich and wise thoughts in the term of morality. It is her mother who teaches her to be brave and acting without delay in time of danger, and face the danger that threatens friends or strangers, help them the best without thinking what the cost might to be her. And she doesn't just say but act those words in reality, from which Aileen learns hers wise and thoughtful words as well as hers act, and lives her life for the best good of others. As all being said in this paragraph, Aileen holds a excellent character, that is she gets rid of all the bad and negative influences from her mother’s vanity and other dogs’ blindness, but absorbs all her mother’s advantages, such as kindness, braveness and devoted spirit, all these good character can find their ways in Aileen’s grown-up life.2.2 Attitude towards mankindIn the eyes of Aileen, her master with his family members and all other things are ever pleasant: Mrs. Gray is so sweet and lovely; her children are so cute; especially Mr. Gray is quick, rational intellectual and has a forbidding occupation ---Scientist. Even the servants are all very kind. So Aileen lives a heavenly life and holds a grateful attitude toward the happiness she owns. As she says to herself": I tried in all ways to do well and right, and honor my mother's memory and teachings, andearn the happiness that had come to me, as best I could.” And so she does. Once when the nursery room was on fire, and the baby was in danger, she saved his life despite of her own life. Actually, in the time of facing danger, as a dog, Aileen should have escaped from the fire place, and that is hers instinct, but she made a reaction just like a responsible man. From here we can see that Aileen has a rational mind as human beings, which is beyond an animal's instinct. Just as her master said" a rational man can enter into the heaven after their death...", if this is the truth, then the little dog could enter into the heaven as man when she dies. In this sense, Aileen’s kindness and braveness have founded full expression. However her master misunderstands and violently strokes her, and caused hers foreleg to be lame. In spite all this, when the family call her to return home, she still feels grateful. From this, we can see that Aileen is a really kind and grateful dog. Like human beings, she has emotion toward those people who have given her a heavenly life, and she keeps in her mind and would not forgot forever. Even when she gets hurt from them, she would still return them goodness back. Those her virtues would make the brightest man bleak. Later her cruel master tested on her little puppy and resulted in the little creature's death. At first, she felt happy for her little puppy had gained those so called scientists' attention, even when they buried the poor soul's body, she was still relaxed, because in her mind, her puppy would sprout and grow from the soil just like the seed. What an innocent soul! And when she knew the truth from the servant's words "the humble little friend is gone where the beasts that perish go." At last, she began to refuse any food, hers body and spirit are dying down. What goes with all this are the purity and kindness. From this we can see that Aileen is too innocent to imagine the dark side in the reality. May be in her mind , there is no word called evil and cruelty, or her mother never told her what the different meaning of evil and goodness in the world. So even though she has a so tragic end, she doesn't hold a hateful attitude toward mankind. After all she is an image in the imaginable novel. Maybe she is just too emotional and innocent to live in that material and pragmatic society. As in my mind, through depicting such a perfect character, here the author wants to show us the ideal image of humans, and hopes that human beings become more perfect, more ideal.3. Mark Twain’s Humanism and Social SignificanceThrough the eyes of a dog, Mark Twain expresses his concern for human's weakness. In contrast to animal, our human beings' original innocent and kindness are gradually fading away. To the society, throughout the whole passage, we can see the cruelty of the so called scientists from the innocent dog eyes. They are in the good name of the health of man and advance of human society, test on animals only for testifying their assuming theory. Here, Mark Twain wants the readers to realize man's weakness, and reflect from the short story. With the development of human civilization, humans become more and more powerful to get what we want, but at the seam time we almost lost many simple but very important characters such as innocence and sympathy. Under the strengthen social pressure day by day, individuals all tended to nervous and be agitated ,becoming privative and insen sible to others. It’s really the problem of the human civilization. Since every creature in this wide world is equal to each other no matter how small it is. Most of time, we can learn much from the animals near us and that could be indispensable. And for the sake of promoting man's whole development, we should hold a universal love toward the whole world. In that way, man could live harmoniously with animal and plant, only in such way can we promote all-round social progress.4. ConclusionFrom all we have discussed above, it shows that Aileen is kind and treats all things gently; she is rational towards what she has heard from her mother, she gets rid of her mother's vanity and lightness but absorbs hers wise and noble thoughts; she holds a honest attitude to hers ignorance other than those blindly pretend to be knowable. In addition, she is grateful to what her master and his family have given to her, so she tries hard to return them back, even in the cost of her life, she would be no pitiful. But she is just too innocent and ignorant to see clearly the man's society. Indeed, she keeps too much affection and kindness. In some sense, it is a kind of estimable character, but from other sight, it may obscure her rational mind and in the end causes hers all hopes and emotions to fade away---her tragic end. All of these, it can be concluded that Aileen is a ideal and perfect man image in Mark Twain's novels but never exists in the real world. She embodies Mark Twain’s all hope for humans, and as an image of a literary work, she acts as a reminder, reminds people the good nature of life, promotes us to find and show the beauty in our real life.Works citedMark Twain. A Dog’s Tale. Dalian :Dalian University of Technology Press,2010.1Mark Twain's Humor and Irony in The Stolen White Elephant English Square Magazine 2011(7)Sperber, Dan&Wilson, Deirdre. Relevance: Communication and Cognition [M].Second edition.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2001.Mark Twain.The Gilded Age.http://www.books—by—isbn.com/auth0rs/mark/twain8] 曹娟.马克吐温上海:上海外语教育出版社,2008.10李超邓兴. 新编英美概况 [M] 汕头:汕头大学出版社,2004邱茜. 论马克吐温的幽默环球市场信息导报 2011.7王旭红. 马克吐温短篇小说精选大连:大连理工大学出版社,2010.1。
读《一只狗的遗嘱》小说有感作文

读《一只狗的遗嘱》小说有感作文
今天,我刚刚读完一本书——《一只狗的遗嘱》。
(马克吐温写的)这本书主要讲了许多狗的悲惨一生,很让人感触。
对了,这里还介绍了一些世界名犬。
希望有心者能看一看。
好了,言归正传,上面提到的这本书讲的狗的悲惨故事最使我伤心、叹惜、气愤的是《木木》这篇文章。
其大概内容是:有一个富人家的一个仆人乔养了一只狗叫木木(主人公),它很可爱,很受乔的喜爱。
可这个富人家并不喜欢它,它把屋子弄脏。
于是让乔把木木丢掉,乔当然不会答应。
于是这个富人家让乔与木木在煤棚里去住。
并从此以后对乔不好,饭每顿只给一个馒头。
而乔就与木木一人一半,他与木木依然活的很幸福。
就算共吃一个馒头。
有一天,女主人正在走时,木木突然跑过来绊倒了女主人。
女主人非常生气,让乔把木木杀掉。
可乔依然不愿意。
从此他们给乔的饭更少了,并让他干更多的活。
一次,他们趁乔不在,把木木装进了麻袋坠上石头抛进了江里。
乔听了这件事很伤心,便悄悄的离开了。
我读了这篇文章之后,我对木木的死亡而伤心,对乔的悄悄离去而叹惜,对富人家的狠心而气愤。
富人家又怎么样,也不可以随意伤害一个生物的生命呀,木木也是有生命的
呀,它是多么可爱的一只狗。
难道只有人的生命才是珍贵的,其它生物的生命就不算什么,现在就是有些人为了自己的利益和兴趣随意残害一些生物的生命。
我要告诫他们世界上任何生命都是宝贵的。
《狗的自述》中陌生化的讽刺艺术

《狗的自述》中陌生化的讽刺艺术作者:魏宝华王显星来源:《文学教育》 2020年第21期魏宝华王显星内容摘要:“陌生化”是一种艺术表现手法,它可以使人产生惊奇感,其基本原则是利用表面毫无关联而内在存在密切联系的很多因素的对立和冲突,造成“陌生化”的现象,从而使人的感官和情感受到刺激和冲突。
马克· 吐温是19世纪美国最杰出的现实主义作家、幽默小说大师,《狗的自述》一文运用陌生化的技巧透过一只狗的经历对当代人类的丑陋、自私的一面进行了辛辣的讽刺。
关键词:《狗的自述》陌生化讽刺一.陌生化的叙事视角《狗的自述》用狗的第一人称视角叙述出来一个与人类经验世界不同的独特世界。
文本采用内聚焦的视角来叙述“在内聚焦中,叙述焦点与一个人物重合,于是他变成一切感觉,包括把他当做对象的感觉的虚构‘主体’:叙事可以把这个人物的感觉和想法全部告诉我们。
”[1]具体到《狗的自述》中,内聚焦是指叙述从头到尾都在描述“狗”的所见所闻和所感。
狗的眼睛作为一个取景框,把一切外在的事物通过“狗的眼睛”过滤后进入叙述视野。
而这个视野的独特之处在于,这种非人的叙述视角造成了陌生化的效果,从而引起了读者特殊的情感体验。
“陌生化”这一概念最早是由俄国形式主义提出的。
什克洛夫斯基在研究列夫·托尔斯泰的作品时,发现了大量陌生化视角的使用,他将这个概念定义为:将对象从正常的感觉领域移出,通过施展创造性手段,重新构造对对象的感觉,从而扩大认知的深度和广度,不断给读者以新鲜感,以此促使读者对日常熟悉的事物进行重新审视。
因此,文中以狗的内聚焦作为小说的叙述视角,必然会造成陌生化的阅读体验。
这种阅读体验的陌生化,主要是由陌生化的视角造成的。
文本以一只狗的独特视角来观察人类的世界。
从狗的叙述中,我们可以知道它的母亲喜欢卖弄,爱显摆。
但同时又“心眼儿好”“态度文雅”,拥有“不记仇”的“好脾气”。
当它来到它的新家,它的主人格莱先生,是一名科学家。
马克吐温一条狗的自述读后感

马克吐温一条狗的自述读后感
从这狗的自述里啊,我首先感受到的是狗那单纯又热烈的情感。
它对主人的忠诚那是没话说的,就像那种不管你贫穷还是富有,健康还是生病,我就死死跟着你的那种坚定。
你看,它满心满眼都是主人的好,哪怕有时候主人可能误解它,它也不生恨,只是很委屈地想着怎么才能让主人明白自己的心意。
这让我想起了我自己养过的小宠物,那也是个满眼都是我的小毛球,我一回家就兴奋地围着我转圈圈,那种纯粹的喜欢真的很打动人。
再说说这狗眼中的人类世界吧,那是既新奇又有些让人摸不着头脑的。
狗看到人类的一些行为,就像我们在看一场看不懂规则的游戏。
比如说人类那些复杂的社交关系,狗不明白为什么有时候人们互相笑着,心里却可能并不友好。
这让我突然觉得,我们人类啊,有时候活得可真累,还不如狗狗简单直接呢。
而且啊,这故事里还有一些对人性的小揭露,是那种幽默里带着点犀利的感觉。
狗看到的那些主人家的来来往往的客人,有些是虚情假意的,它虽然不明白那些弯弯绕绕的社交辞令,但能感觉到那些人的不真诚。
这就像马克·吐温拿着一把小锤子,轻轻敲打着我们,提醒我们别在复杂的社会里丢了真诚。
这篇故事还让我觉得,狗狗虽然不会说我们的语言,但它也是有自己的思想和感受的。
我们总是把动物当作低等生物,可从这狗的自述里,我看到它对生死的看法,对爱的渴望,这些和人类又有什么本质区别呢?就像有时候我们觉得动物不懂悲伤,可狗在失去伙伴或者受到不公平对待的时候,它也是会难过的呀。
狗的自述--马克吐温

狗的自述 ----A Dog's Tale我们来到这个世界上是为一个高尚的目的,不要发牢骚,好好地尽我们的责任,碰到什么生活就过什么生活,尽量想到别人的利益,不管结果如何,那不是我们能管的事情。
My father was a St. Bernard, my mother was a collie, but I am a Presbyterian. This is what my mother told me, I do not know these nice distinctions myself. To me they are only fine large words meaning nothing. My mother had a fondness for such; she liked to say them, and see other dogs look surprised and envious, as wondering how she got so much education. But, indeed, it was not real education; it was only show: she got the words by listening in the dining-room and drawing-room when there was company, and by going with the children to Sunday-school and listening there; and whenever she heard a large word she said it over to herself many times, and so was able to keep it until there was a dogmatic gathering in the neighborhood, then she would get it off, and surprise and distress them all, from pocket-pup to mastiff, which rewarded her for all her trouble. If there was a stranger he was nearly sure to be suspicious, and when he got his breath again he would ask her what it meant. And she always told him. He was never expecting this but thought he would catch her; so when she told him, he was the one that looked ashamed, whereas he had thought it was going to be she. The others were always waiting for this, and glad of it and proud of her, for they knew what was going to happen, because they had had experience. When she told the meaning of a big word they were all so taken up with admiration that it never occurred to any dog to doubt if it was the right one; and that was natural, because, for one thing, she answered up so promptly that it seemed like a dictionary speaking, and for another thing, where could they find out whether it was right or not? for she was the only cultivated dog there was. By and by, when I was older, she brought home the word Unintellectual, one time, and worked it pretty hard all the week at different gatherings, making much unhappiness and despondency; and it was at this time that I noticed that during that week she was asked for the meaning at eight different assemblages, and flashed out a fresh definition every time, which showed me that she had more presence of mind than culture, though I said nothing, of course. She had one word which she always kept on hand, and ready, like a life-preserver, a kind of emergency word to strap on when she was likely to get washed overboard in a sudden way—that was the word Synonymous. When she happened to fetch out a long word which had had its day weeks before and its prepared meanings gone to her dump-pile, if there was a stranger there of course it knocked him groggy for a couple of minutes, then he would come to, and by that time she would be away down wind on another tack, and not expecting anything; so when he'd hail and ask her to cash in, I (the only dog on the inside of her game) could see her canvas flicker a moment—but only just a moment—then it would belly out taut and full, and she。
马克吐温短篇小说集

《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》讲述了素以诚实、清高著称 的赫德莱堡小镇,因得罪了一个外乡人而遭到报复。 外乡人以一袋金币为诱饵,使镇上十九位首要公民 明争暗斗,最终使赫德莱堡的名声彻底败坏。 在这 篇文章中马克· 吐温收起了笑脸,满怀辛辣的讽刺, 无情地揭下了资产阶级诚实和道德的假面具,讽刺 了他们的伪善本质。赫德莱堡实际上可以看成整个 美国社会的缩影,而那十九位首要居民也就是全体 资产阶级的代表。理查兹夫妇形象十分鲜明:收到 金币后,他们后悔当初没有做那件善事,并苦苦思 索那个固德逊可能说的话。收到信后,妻子高兴得 昏了过去,在自我想象中完成了救助过固逊的壮举。 领取金币时,他们本想坦白,但因牧师的包庇,逃 出了丑闻。拍卖金币时,他们去又一次被诱惑。非 常形象地表现了当时资产阶级的伪善。
《竞选州长》讲述了“我”在成为独立党纽约州 州长候选人后,被竞争对手斯坦华特· 伍福特 先生和约翰· 霍夫曼先生屡次诬蔑,在各大媒 体上公布那所谓的种种罪行,后来又多出了许 多匿名信。最终,“我”成为了臭名昭著的 “伪证犯”、“蒙大那小偷”、“盗尸犯”、 “酗酒狂”、“肮脏的贿赂犯”和“恶心的讹 诈犯”,并放弃了竞选。这篇文章揭露了美国 “民主政治”的虚伪,告诉人们资本主义的所 谓“自由竞选”,“民主政治”不过是资产阶 级政权互相争权夺利的工具。
《百万英镑》 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》 《坏孩子的故事》 《火车上的嗜人事件》 《我最近辞职的事实经过》 《田纳西的新闻界》 《好孩子的故事》 《我怎样编辑农业报》 《大宗牛肉合同的事件始末》 《竞选州长》 《我给参议员当秘书的经历》 《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》 《神秘的访问》 《一个真实的故事》 《法国人大决斗》 《稀奇的经验》 《加利福尼亚人的故事》 《他是否还在人间? 》 《和移风易俗者一起上路》 《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》 《狗的自述》 《三万元的遗产》
马克·吐温《狗的自述》中理性与人性主题探讨

有 一天 能再 长 出来 ,可是 那一 天一 直都 没有 等 到 。 国 内很 多 学 者 同意 小 说 的主题 是 探 讨 人 性 和 道德 观 。如 孙 继涛 指 出 “ 动 物 和人扮 演 的道 德 角色 发 生 了错位 。在道 德上 , 出身动 物 界 的狗被 擢 升为 有情 有义 、 舍 生忘死 的 ‘ 人’ , 而 人则 堕落 为 薄情 寡 义 、 暴 殄 天物 的 ‘ 兽’ 。人 性被 从 人 的躯体 中抽 出来 , 注入
s t o r y wi t h h e r mo t h e r a n d he t Gr a y s t o t h e d u e l b e t we e n h u ma n i t y a n d r e a s o n . Wi t h t h e t r i u mp h o f r e a s o n , r e p r e s e n t e d b y Mr .Gr a y , h u ma n i t y w a s d e f e a t e d , w h i c h d e c l a r e s h u ma n b e i n g s ’ d e g e n e r a t i o n t o b e a s t s .
一
鄙的 , 当他与上帝 的良善 区别开来 的时候 , 作家才
会采 用 辛辣 的幽默 手法 , 而 当人 被认 为 是善 良的 时
候, 作者往往言语 间就显得和善” [ 。 《 狗的自述》 中
叙 述 者 以第 一 人 称 的形 式 从 一条 狗 的角 度 向人们 讲 述 了一 个 悲 惨 的故 事 : “ 我 ”对 主人 一 家 忠 心耿 耿, 而“ 我” 的小狗 仔 被身 为科 学 家 的冷血 男 主人 抓
关于狗的自述的读后感作文

狗的自述的读后感作文
关于狗的自述的读后感作文
《百万英镑》是美国作家马克·吐温写的一本书,里面《狗的自述》是一篇讽刺小说。
小说的主要内容是“我”和新主人之间一系列的故事。
先是妈妈教育“我”,我们生到这个世上是为了一个聪明和高尚的目的,要好好地尽我们的责任,不发牢骚,碰到什么日子就过什么日子,尽量想到别人的利益。
若别人遇到危险,就先帮助别人。
随后,“我”被搬到了新家。
一天,育儿室着火,“我”救了主人的宝宝,主人却以为“我”要咬死宝宝而打伤了“我”的一条腿。
然后,我又因救了宝宝而闻名,但主人恩将仇报,用“我”的宝宝作为实验品,宝宝牺牲了,“我”也陪着宝宝一起走了。
这篇小说写出了狗的天真善良,主人的'是非不分、恩将仇报。
讽刺了人类为了一点小事就猎杀动物的现象。
狗是那么地可爱、忠诚,只有邪恶的人才会对它们下狠手。
现代社会,吃狗肉,打小狗解闷,养够了狗就丢弃等社会****现象每天都在发生,从而使人类越来越残酷无情,致使流浪狗越来越多。
狗不是食物,不是宠物,不是人类的任何东西!它们只是我们的朋友,一个无论你怎么打骂都不会离开你的朋友,一个忠诚的朋友。
我爱狗,也爱大自然,爱万物!只要爱还存在,世界就不会灭亡!。
言者不知的艺术力量——马克·吐温《狗的自述》文本分析

言者不知的艺术力量——马克吐温《狗的自述》文本分析黄小娟
【期刊名称】《最小说》
【年(卷),期】2024()2
【摘要】美国作家马克·吐温的短篇小说《狗的自述》给人一种于无声处听惊雷的震撼,向读者展示了生命中的不可承受之重。
以往的文学批评主要从社会学的角度去解读,本人仔细品味文本以后发现,它的艺术魅力并不局限于此。
因此,本文试着从叙事学和形式主义的理论角度探寻这部作品的艺术价值。
【总页数】3页(P15-17)
【作者】黄小娟
【作者单位】贵州师范大学
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I20
【相关文献】
1.马克·吐温《狗的自述》中理性与人性主题探讨
2.马克·吐温悲怆的幽默——《狗的自述》中的幽默因素
3.马克·吐温《狗的故事》及其精巧的艺术构思
4.马克·吐温《狗的自述》中的生态反思
5.英美文学的结构艺术与对比艺术研究——以马克·吐温《王子与贫儿》为例
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
《马克吐温短篇小说选》读后感1500字

《马克吐温短篇小说选》读后感1500字魔幻现实,这是我读完马克吐温小说集的第一感受。
很多故事给人的第一感觉是夸张,甚至荒诞,紧接着是好笑。
再稍微一想,这确实是基于事实,只是使用夸张的手法加工而成,并非空中楼阁,胡编乱造。
再后来,就是发人深省,回味无穷了。
当然,马克吐温的情节设计也是一级棒,许多欧亨利式的结尾也为小说增色不少最忍俊不禁的一篇要数《我最近辞职的事实经过》。
咋一看,作者作为一个政府文书,将自己认为是政府的高级智囊,四处出击,甚至要去参加总统的内阁会议。
这些所做作为让人捧腹,真是自不量力。
结果最后一段笔锋一转,写出了政府文书群体(当然还映射了不少其他官员),尸位素餐,不干活还收入不菲。
让人惊叹。
当然还有荒诞代表作品《田纳西的新闻界》和《我怎样编辑农业报》,用最荒诞的剧情写出了最真实的新闻出版界的丑恶嘴脸——他们不追求真实的报道,追求的是吸引眼球和发泄某些个人的好恶。
当然,这个现象现在依然存在,新闻报纸不是追求真相,而是追求利益或者为某些人发声。
最后要提的是《狗的自述》,一篇让我心灵刺痛的小说。
它以狗天真但有真诚的口气,描述了忠诚勇敢的狗与自私残忍的人之间的明显对比。
狗有了更多的人性,而人却体现了更多的兽性。
在读完这本小说集以后,我对于马克吐温那是心悦诚服,能写出如此犀利而又幽默的文字,需要的境界非常高——这是一种英雄的境界,在糟糕透顶的时代依然保持乐观幽默。
于是我赶紧查阅了他的人生经历,果然如此,跌宕坎坷,波澜曲折。
虽然没有大起,但是低谷和悲伤却不少。
在这样的经历下,一个人如果没有沉沦,那就一定是淬炼成金了。
于是就有了这样的一个疑问,为什么在艰难的境遇下,只有很少的人能够升华,脱离苦海呢?我想,成功的人,一是能够承受,海明威说“一个人并不是生来要被打败的,你尽可以把他消灭掉,可就是打不败他。
”强大的人,读后感不在于他获得过多少,而是他能够承受多少。
面对困难,不需要去诅咒,贬损,怨天尤人,因为这于事无补,甚至让问题更复杂。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
狗的自述 ----A Dog's Tale
我们来到这个世界上是为一个高尚的目的,不要发牢骚,好好地尽我们的责任,碰到什么生活就过什么生活,尽量想到别人的利益,不管结果如何,那不是我们能管的事情。
My father was a St. Bernard, my mother was a collie, but I am a Presbyterian. This is what my mother told me, I do not know these nice distinctions myself. To me they are only fine large words meaning nothing. My mother had a fondness for such; she liked to say them, and see other dogs look surprised and envious, as wondering how she got so much education. But, indeed, it was not real education; it was only show: she got the words by listening in the dining-room and drawing-room when there was company, and by going with the children to Sunday-school and listening there; and whenever she heard a large word she said it over to herself many times, and so was able to keep it until there was a dogmatic gathering in the neighborhood, then she would get it off, and surprise and distress them all, from pocket-pup to mastiff, which rewarded her for all her trouble. If there was a stranger he was nearly sure to be suspicious, and when he got his breath again he would ask her what it meant. And she always told him. He was never expecting this but thought he would catch her; so when she told him, he was the one that looked ashamed, whereas he had thought it was going to be she. The others were always waiting for this, and glad of it and proud of her, for they knew what was going to happen, because they had had experience. When she told the meaning of a big word they were all so taken up with admiration that it never occurred to any dog to doubt if it was the right one; and that was natural, because, for one thing, she answered up so promptly that it seemed like a dictionary speaking, and for another thing, where could they find out whether it was right or not? for she was the only cultivated dog there was. By and by, when I was older, she brought home the word Unintellectual, one time, and worked it pretty hard all the week at different gatherings, making much unhappiness and despondency; and it was at this time that I noticed that during that week she was asked for the meaning at eight different assemblages, and flashed out a fresh definition every time, which showed me that she had more presence of mind than culture, though I said nothing, of course. She had one word which she always kept on hand, and ready, like a life-preserver, a kind of emergency word to strap on when she was likely to get washed overboard in a sudden way—that was the word Synonymous. When she happened to fetch out a long word which had had its day weeks before and its prepared meanings gone to her dump-pile, if there was a stranger there of course it knocked him groggy for a couple of minutes, then he would come to, and by that time she would be away down wind on another tack, and not expecting anything; so when he'd hail and ask her to cash in, I (the only dog on the inside of her game) could see her canvas flicker a moment—but only just a moment—then it would belly out taut and full, and she。