中考语法形容词副词及比较级、最高级讲解易错题练习

基础义务教育资料

形容词副词及比较级、最高级语法讲解

一、基本概念

形容词：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，一般放在所修饰的名词前面。

副词：是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词；一般用来修饰形容词、动词等。二、基本用法

形容词：

作定语：放在名词前，不定代词后面；

Eg. She is a good student. 她是一个好学生.

Is there anything interesting in the film? 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？

2）作表语：放在系动词之后（be feel look smell sound…）

Eg. His idea sounds great. 他的主意听起来很棒。

3）作宾语补足语：放在宾语之后，常与make keep leave 等动词连用。

Eg. They keep the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。

4）形容词的名词化

定冠词the+(good、rich、poor、old、dead….),表一类人

副词：

1、分类：

时间副词、地点副词、方式副词（形容词+ly）、程度副词、疑问副词等的用法；

2、用法

1）修饰形容词：very good, quite expensive

2）修饰动词，放在后面，作状语：laugh happily

3）修饰其他副词或句子：very quickly, Unluckily, he missed the train.

形容词变副词：形容词+ly=副词（friendly、lonely、lovely、likely、daily、lively(有生机的)）特殊形容词和副词辨析：

1. sick/ill

2. alone/lonely

3. hard/hardly

4. -ing形容词和-ed形容词

5. too, also, either

6. much too , too much

7. Sometimes, some times, some time, sometime

8. enough 9. how long how soon how often how far 区别

形容词顺序排列：

描绘形容词->大小（长短高低）形容词->形状形容词->年龄（新旧）形容词->颜色形容词->国籍形容词->材料形容词->用途（类别）形容词->名词

This is a nice（好看的）small（小小的）round（圆形的）new（新的）brown（褐色的）French （法国产的）oak（橡木做的）writing desk（写字台）.

形容词副词比较级和最高级变化规则:

1、规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

1) 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est: tall taller tallest；great greater greatest

2) 以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st:

nice nicer nicest large larger largest able abler ablest

3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er，-est ：Big bigger

biggest; hot hotter hottest

4)以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est ：busy busier busiest ；easy

easier easiest

5)少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est clever cleverer cleverest；narrow narrower

narrowest

6)其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。

important - more important - most important ；easily -more easily - most easily

2、不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good/ well better best

bad / ill worse worst

old older/elder oldest/eldest

elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

much/many more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

* farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.

比较级和最高级常见句型

1、比较级

形容词：A + am / are / is + 形比+ than + B.

I am taller than you. Pasta is more delicious than pizza.

副词： A + 行为动词+ 副比+ than + B.

Cheetahs run faster than goats. He studies better than me.

2、最高级

1）A + am / are / is + the + 形最高级+ 比较范围（of + 人/物，in +地方）.

I am the tallest in the class. Pasta is the most delicious food of the three.

2）A + 行为动词+ 副词最高级+ 比较范围（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.

Cheetahs run fastest in the world. It is the largest island in Europe.

易错点：

1）要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is clever than his brother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。