《数学专业英语》常用英文表达 PPT
数学专业英语常用词汇-14页精选文档
数学专业英语词汇代数部分1. 有关数*算add，plus 加?subtract 减?difference 差??multiply, times 乘?product 积?divide 除?divisible 可被整除的?divided evenly被整除? dividend 被除数，红利?divisor 因子，除数?quotient 商?remainder余数??factorial 阶乘?power 乘方?radical sign, root sign 根号? round to四舍五入?to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集?proper subset 真子集?solution set 解集??3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项?like terms, similar terms同类项? numerical coefficient 数字系数? literal coefficient 字母系数?? inequality 不等式?triangle inequality 三角不等式?? range 值域??original equation 原方程? equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程?linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5?x?+6=22)?4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数?improper fraction 假分数?mixed number 带分数?vulgar fraction，common fraction 普通分数?simple fraction简分数?complex fraction繁分数?? numerator 分子?denominator 分母?(least) common denominator（最小）公分母?quarter 四分之一?decimal fraction 纯小数?infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数?tenths unit 十分位??5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值? weighted average 加权平均值? geometric mean 几何平均数? exponent 指数，幂?base 乘幂的底数,底边?cube 立方数，立方体?square root平方根?cube root 立方根??common logarithm 常用对数?digit 数字?constant 常数?variable 变量??inverse function反函数? complementary function 余函数? linear 一次的，线性的? factorization 因式分解?absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32?round off四舍五入 ?6.有关数论natural number 自然数?positive number 正数?negative number 负数?odd integer, odd number 奇数?even integer, even number 偶数? integer, whole number 整数?positive whole number 正整数? negative whole number 负整数?? consecutive number 连续整数?real number, rational number 实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数??inverse 倒数?composite number 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……?prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数 reciprocal 倒数??common divisor 公约数?multiple 倍数?(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数?? (prime) factor (质)因子?common factor 公因子??ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制? nonnegative 非负的??tens 十位? units 个位??mode众数?median 中数??common ratio 公比??7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列?geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列??approximate 近似?(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向? cardinal 基数?ordinal 序数?direct proportion 正比?distinct 不同的?estimation 估计，近似? parentheses 括号?proportion 比例?permutation 排列?combination 组合?table 表格?trigonometric function 三角函数? unit 单位,位?几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角? corresponding angle 同位角? vertical angle对顶角?central angle圆心角?interior angle 内角?exterior angle 外角? supplementary angles补角? complementary angle余角? adjacent angle 邻角?acute angle 锐角?obtuse angle 钝角?right angle 直角?round angle周角?straight angle 平角? included angle夹角??2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形? scalene triangle不等边三角形? isosceles triangle等腰三角形? right triangle 直角三角形? oblique 斜三角形?inscribed triangle 内接三角形??3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆?concentric circles 同心圆? quadrilateral四边形?pentagon 五边形?hexagon 六边形?heptagon 七边形?octagon 八边形?nonagon 九边形?decagon 十边形?polygon多边形?parallelogram 平行四边形? equilateral 等边形?plane 平面?square 正方形，平方?rectangle 长方形?regular polygon 正多边形? rhombus 菱形?trapezoid梯形??4.其它平面图形arc 弧?line, straight line 直线?line segment 线段?parallel lines 平行线?segment of a circle 弧形??5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数?rectangular solid 长方体?regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体? circular cylinder 圆柱体? cone圆锥?sphere 球体?solid 立体的??6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高?depth 深度?side 边长?circumference, perimeter 周长? radian弧度?surface area 表面积?volume 体积?arm 直角三角形的股?cross section 横截面?center of a circle 圆心?chord 弦?radius 半径?angle bisector 角平分线? diagonal 对角线?diameter 直径?edge 棱?face of a solid 立体的面? hypotenuse 斜边?included side夹边?leg三角形的直角边?median of a triangle 三角形的中线? base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边? midpoint 中点?endpoint 端点?vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点? tangent 切线的?transversal截线?intercept 截距??7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系? rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系? origin 原点?abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?number line 数轴? quadrant 象限?slope斜率?complex plane 复平面??8.其它plane geometry 平面几何? trigonometry 三角学?bisect 平分?circumscribe 外切?inscribe 内切?intersect相交?perpendicular 垂直? pythagorean theorem勾股定理? congruent 全等的?multilateral 多边的?1.单位类cent 美分?penny 一美分硬币 ?nickel 5美分硬币?dime 一角硬币?dozen 打（12个）?score 廿(20个)?Centigrade 摄氏?Fahrenheit 华氏?quart 夸脱?gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)? yard 码?meter 米?micron 微米?inch 英寸?foot 英尺?minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)? square measure 平方单位制?cubic meter 立方米?pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)??2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天)?common year 平年(365天)? depreciation 折旧?down payment 直接付款?discount 打折?margin 利润?profit 利润?interest 利息?simple interest 单利? compounded interest 复利? dividend 红利?decrease to 减少到?decrease by 减少了?increase to 增加到?increase by 增加了?denote 表示?list price 标价?markup 涨价?per capita 每人?ratio 比率?retail price 零售价?tie 打Chapter onefunction notation方程符号函数符号quadratic functions 二次函数quadratic equations 二次方程式二次等式chapter twoEquivalent algebraic expressions 等价代数表达式rational expression 有理式有理表达式horizontal and vertical translation of functions 函数的水平和垂直的平移reflections of functions 函数的倒映映射chapter threeExponential functions 指数函数exponential decay 指数式衰减exponent 指数properties of exponential functions 指数函数的特性chapter fourTrigonometry 三角学Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 倒数三角函数比Trigonometric functions 三角函数Discrete functions 离散函数数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend乘数 multiplicator积 product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio 正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数，幂 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset 交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range常量 constant变量 variable单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列，级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number虚数 imaginary number复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle 周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形 obtuse triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon 圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference 周长 perimeter面积 area轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron棱锥 pyramid棱柱 prism棱台 frustum of a prism 旋转 rotation轴 axis圆锥 cone圆柱 cylinder圆台 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差root-mean-square deviation,standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormal distribution 图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：：1、世事忙忙如水流，休将名利挂心头。
数学专业英语之课件一
• 3. Analysis of language – implication
蕴含
• 4. Analysis of language – equivalence
等价
• 5. Analysis of language – quantifiers
量词
• 6. Working with quantifiers
• 课程目标：帮助我们形成一种有益 的心智能力——我们祖先三千年前 形成的一种强大的思考方式.
Introduction to mathematical thingking
• 数学思维不等同于做数
• Mathematical thinking is not the same as doing mathematics – at
• 校园数学成功的关键是了解数学内部世界.相比而言， 数学思维的主要特征是考虑数学外部世界--种必要的 技能在当今世界.这门课帮助我们形成思维方式的关 键.
Introduction to mathematical thingking
• The primary audience is firstyear students at college or university who are thinking of majoring in mathematics or a mathematically-dependent subject, or high school seniors who have such a college career in mind.
学运算-至少不像数学那
least not as mathematics is
样是我们教育系统的主
typically presented in our school system. School math typically
《数学专业英语》课件
Introduction to Mathematics Professional EnglishMathematics Professional English VocabularyGrammar and Expression in Mathematical English
01
Definition and Importance
Course content: covering basic mathematical vocabulary, mathematical formulas and symbols, academic paper reading and writing, academic speeches and communication, mathematical literature translation, and other aspects.
Course objectives and content
Course objective: To cultivate students' mastery of basic vocabulary, grammar, and expression in mathematics related English, and to improve their English reading, writing, communication, and translation abilities in the field of mathematics.
English interface of software and tools
Learn how to read and understand English documentation for mathematical software and tools, master the professional terms and expressions in the documentation, and lay a foundation for in-depth learning and application.
数学专业英语
MATHS ENGLISHabsolute value 绝对值 acceptable region 接受域 additivity 可加性alternative hypothesis 对立假设 analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析 arithmetic mean 算术平均值 association 相关性 assumption checking 假设检验 availability 有效度 band 带宽bar chart 条形图 beta-distribution 贝塔分布 between groups 组间的binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验center of gravity 重心 central tendency 中心趋势 hi-square distribution 卡方分布 chi-square test 卡方检验 classify 分类 cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数 coefficient of correlation 相关系数 collinearity 共线性 components 构成，分量 compound 复合的 confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图 correlation 相关 covariance 协方差 covariance matrix 协方差矩阵 critical point 临界点 critical value 临界值 cross tab 列联表 cubic term 三次项 cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计 default 默认的 deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量design of experiment 试验设计 df.(degree of freedom) 自由度 diagnostic 诊断discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析 D-optimal design D-优化设计 effects of interaction 交互效应eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量estimation of parameters 参数估计 estimations 估计量 exact value 精确值 expected value 期望值 exponential指数的 exponential distribution 指数分布 extreme value 极值 factor analysis 因子分析 factor score 因子得分 factorial designs 析因设计 factorial experiment 析因试验fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计 F-test F检验 full factorial design 完全析因设计 gamma distribution 伽玛分布 geometric mean 几何均值 harmonic mean 调和均值 heterogeneity 不齐性 histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性 hypothesis test 假设检验independence独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index of correlation 相关指数interclass correlation 组内相关 interval estimate 区间估计inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代kurtosis 峰度large sample problem 大样本问题least-significant difference 最小显著差数 least-square estimation 最小二乘估计 least-square method 最小二乘法 level of significance 显著性水平 leverage value 中心化杠杆值 life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数 likelihood ratio test 似然比检验 linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型 linear regression 线性回归 linear relation 线性关系 linear term 线性项 logarithmic 对数的 logarithms 对数 lost function 损失函数 main effect 主效应matrix 矩阵 maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差 mean sum of square 均方和 measure 衡量 media中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数 Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法 moving average移动平均值 multicollinearity 多元共线性 multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数 multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析 multiple regression equation 多元回归方程 multiple response 多响应 multivariate analysis 多元分析negative nonadditively 不可加性 nonlinear 非线性 nonlinear regression 非线性回归 noparametric tests 非参数检验 normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数one-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类 optimal 优化的 optimum allocation 最优配制order statistics 次序统计量 origin 原点 orthogonal 正交的 outliers 异常值paired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数 partial regression coefficient 偏回归系 percentiles 百分位数 pie chart 饼图 point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布 polynomial curve 多项式曲线 polynomial regression 多项式回归 polynomials 多项式 positive relationship 正相关 power 幂 P-P plot P-P概率图 predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率 probability density function 概率密度函数 quadratic 二次的 Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图 quadratic term 二次项 quality control 质量控制 quantitative 数量的，度量quartiles 四分位数 random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数 regression line 回归线rejection region 拒绝域residual 残差 residual sum of squares 剩余平方和 risk function 风险函数 robustness 稳健性 root mean square 标准差 row 行 run test 游程检验sample size 样本容量 sample space 样本空间 sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验 scatter chart 散点图 S-curve S形曲线sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布 small sample problem 小样本问题 sort 排序sources of variation 方差来源 ion 标准离差 standard error of mean 均值的标准误差 statistical quality control 统计质量控制 std. residual 标准残差 stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归 strong assumption 强假设 stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差 stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本 sufficient statistic 充分统计量 sum of squares 平方和t-distribution t分布test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验 test of independence 独立性检验 test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量 testing function 检验函数 timeseries 时间序列 tolerance limits 容许限 trimmed mean 截尾均值 true value 真值 t-test t检验 two-tailed test 双侧检验unbiased estimation 无偏估计 unbiasedness 无偏性 uniform distribution 均匀分布 value of estimator 估计值variance 方差 variance components 方差分量 variance ratio 方差比weighted average 加权平均值 within groups 组内的 Z score Z分数 active constraint 活动约束 active set method 活动集法 analytic gradient 解析梯度 approximate 近似 arbitrary 强制性的 argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子 bandwidth 带宽 be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合 coefficient 系数 complex-value 复数值 component 分量constrained 有约束的 constraint function 约束函数 converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法 curve-fitting 曲线拟合 data-fitting 数据拟diagonal 对角的 direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向eigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵exceeded 溢出的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分 first-order 一阶 Gauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法 goal attainment problem 目标达到问题 gradient method 梯度法 handle 句柄 Hessian matrix 海色矩阵 independent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性initial feasible solution 初始可行解 initialize 初始化 invoke 激活 iteration 迭代Jacobian 雅可比矩阵 Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子 large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-马夸尔特法 line search 一维搜索linear equality constraints 线性等式约束 linear programming problem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解 medium-scale 中型的 mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法 multi objective 多目标的 norm 范数 observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统 partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法quadrati二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划real-value 实数值 residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性scalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法 simplex search method 单纯形法sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵 sparsity pattern 稀疏模式 sparsity structure 稀疏结构 starting point 初始点 step length 步长 subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法symmetric matrix 对称矩阵termination message 终止信息 termination tolerance 终止容限 the exit condition 退出条件 the method of steepest descent 最速下降法 transpose 转置unconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统weighting matrix 加权矩阵approximation 逼近a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条 a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条bivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点coefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条 cubic spline interpolation 三次样条插值/三次样条内插 curve 曲线 degree of freedom 自由度 end conditions 约束条件input argument 输入参数 interpolation 插值/内插 interval 取值区间knot/knots 节点least-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合 multiplicity 重次 multivariate function 多元函数 optional argument 可选参数 output argument 输出参数point/points 数据点rational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）sequence 数列（数组spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线 spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插 spline surface 样条曲面 smoothing spline 平滑样条 tolerance 允许精度univariate function 一元函数 absolute error 绝对误差 absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格 boundary condition 边界条件 contour plot 等值线图coordinate 坐标系decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditions 边界条件eigenvalue 特征值 elliptic 椭圆形的 error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解 generalized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann 边界条件geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵 geometry matrix 几何矩阵 graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面 hyperbolic 双曲线的 initial mesh 初始网格 jiggle 微调Lagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 linear interpolation 线性插值machine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件Neuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件 node point 节点 nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量Parabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变 plane stress 平面应力 Poisson's equation 泊松方程 polygon 多边形positive definite 正定refined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限 relative tolerance 相对容限 residual norm 残差范数 singular 奇异的postulate假定, 基本条件, 基本原理,要求, 假定,要求conic, conical圆锥的；圆锥形的ellipse椭圆, 椭圆形ellipt hyperbolic 双曲线的parabolic用寓言表达的: 抛物线的，像抛物线的algebraic代数的, 关于代数学的mineralogy 矿物学axiom公理collinear在同一直线上的同线的convex 凸出的；凸面的triangle三角形, 三人一组, 三角关系parallelogram平行四边形straight angle平角right angle 直角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角reflex angle优角rectilinear直线的；由直线组成的；循直线进行的isosceles triangle等腰三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形right triangle n. 直角三角形obtuse triangle钝角三角形acute triangle锐角三角形equiangular triangle正三角形,等角三角形hypotenuse（直角三角形的）斜边infinitesimal 无穷小的, 极小的, 无限小的calculus 微积分学, 结石inscribe 记下polygon多角形, 多边形curvilinear曲线的, 由曲线组成的intuition 直觉, 直觉的知识integral积分, 完整, 部分defective有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的differential coefficient 微分系数irrational numbers无理数domain 定义域contradiction 矛盾continuous variable 连续变量;［连续变数］variation 变分, 变化independent variable 自变量dependent variable 应变量rectangular coordinate 直角坐标abscissa〈数〉横坐标ordinate纵线, 纵座标differential 微分的,微分(differentiation)Integral 积分, 完整, 部分(integration) trigonometry 三角法exponential 指数的, 幂数的logarithm 对数derivative导数；微商tangent 切线正切definite integral 定积分culminate 达到顶点differential equation 微分方程extreme value 极值multiple integral 多重积分functional analysis 泛函分析cardinal number 基数（如：1, 2, 3, ... 有别于序数）denumerable可数的aggregate 合计, 总计, 集合体，合计的, 集合的, 聚合的，聚集, 集合, 合计purport主旨，声称superior 长者, 高手, 上级，较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的cumbersome 讨厌的, 麻烦的, 笨重的drastically 激烈地, 彻底地conservation 守衡律quadrature求积, 求积分interpolation插值extrapolation外推法, 推断internal point 内点generalized solution 广义解hydrodynamics 流体力学，水动力学divergence 发散（性），梯度，发散integro-interpolation method 积分插值法Variational method 变分方法comparatively 比较地, 相当地self-adjoint (nonself-adjoint) 自治的，自伴的，自共轭的finite element method 有限元法spline approximation 样条逼近Particles-in-the-Cell 网格质点法herald 使者, 传令官, 通报者, 先驱, 预兆，预报, 宣布, 传达, 欢呼advection水平对流fluctuation波动, 起伏mean-square 均方dispersion离差, 差量nterpolation 插值divisible 可分的dice, die 骰子pitfall 缺陷celestial天上的macroscopic肉眼可见的, 巨观的classical field theory 经典场理论rigit 刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的quantum量, 额, [物] 量子, 量子论inception 起初, 获得学位pertain 适合, 属于encompass 包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物ingredient 成分, 因素acquainted有知识的, 知晓的 synonymous同义的configuration 构造, 结构, 配置, 外形inertia 惯性, 惯量attribute 特性momentum动量designate 指明projectile 射弹，发射的ballistics 弹道学, 发射学intractable 难处理的furnish 供应, 提供, 装备, 布置torque n. 扭矩, 转矩moment 力矩的dissipation 消散, 分散, 挥霍, 浪费, 消遣, 放荡, 狂饮constitutive构成的, 制定的continuum mechanics 连续介质力学superposition重叠, 重合, 叠合reckon 计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想，数, 计算, 估计, 依赖, 料想strength 强度load 载荷empirical 以经验为依据的insofar 在……范围cohesive 内聚性的stiffness 硬度furnish 供给turbulent 湍流laminar 层流isothermal 等温isotropic 各向同性eddy 旋涡viscosity 粘性、粘度adiabatic 绝热的reversible 可逆的 isentropic 等熵的stream tube 流管 tangential 切线的incompressible 不可压缩的similitude 相似性hydraulic 水力的,水力学的spillway (河或水坝的)放水道,泄洪道prototype 原型,样板vibratory 振动的,摆动的propagation 传播acoustic 听觉的,声学的damp 阻尼,衰减restore 复职,归还neutral 平衡 exciting force 激励力resonant共振的,谐振的stiffness 刚度,刚性magnitude 数值,大小substantially实质上的perturb 干扰,扰乱Fourier series 傅里叶级数shredder 切菜器metropolitan 大都市的at-grade 在同一水平面上elevated 高架的guide way 导轨rigid body 刚体medium 介质aging 老化polymeric聚合(物)的consolidate 把…联合为一体,统一radically 根本地,本质上deliberate 从容不迫的,深思熟虑Attribute赋予medieval 中世纪的etch 蚀刻,蚀镂fingernail 指甲bar chart 直方图joystick 游戏杆trial-error 试制, 试生产junction n. 连接, 接合, 交叉点, 汇合处contrive v. 发明, 设计, 图谋snooker (=snooker pool)彩色台球, 桌球****公理 axiom 命题 proposition 被加数augend , summand 加数addend 被减数minuend 减数subtrahend 差remainder 被乘数multiplicand, faciend 乘数multiplicator 积 product 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符operator 算术平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根（reciprocal） x的倒数为1/x 有理数 rational number 无理数irrational number 整数 integer小数点 decimal point分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 十进制 decimal system 二进制binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 单项式monomial 多项式polynomial, multinomial 系数coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程simple equation 二次方程quadratic equation 三次方程cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 阶乘 factorial 对数logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root 坐标系coordinates 坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate 纵坐标y-coordinate 原点origin 象限quadrant 截距(有正负之分)intercede （方程的）解solution 线段 segment 射线 radial 平行parallel 相交intersect 角度degree 弧度radian 钝角obtuse angle 平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 锐角三角形 acute triangle 直角边 leg 斜边 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形isosceles triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral 平行四边形parallelogram 周长perimeter 全等congruent 三角 trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant 集合aggregate 空集 void 子集subset 交集intersection 并集union 补集complement 映射mapping 定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range 单调性monotonicity 图象 image 数列，级数 series 导数 derivative 无穷小infinitesimal 复数complex number 矩阵matrix 行列式determinant 半圆 semicircle 扇形 sector 环 ring 椭圆 ellipse 圆周 circumference 轨迹 locus, loca(pl.) 平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube 七面体 heptahedron 八面体 octahedron 九面体 enneahedron 十面体 decahedron 十一面体 hendecahedron 十二面体 dodecahedron 二十面体 icosahedron 多面体 polyhedron 四面体 tetrahedron 五面体pentahedron 六面体hexahedron 菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon 六边形 hexagon 七边形heptagon 八边形 octagon 九边形 enneagon 十边形 decagon 十一边形hendecagon 十二边形dodecagon 多边形polygon 正多边形equilateral polygon 相位 phase 振幅 amplitude 内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 内切圆 inscribed circle 外切圆circumcircle 方差variance 标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 百分点 percentage 百分位数 percentile 排列permutation 分布 distribution 正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布abnormal distribution 条形统计图bar graph 柱形统计图histogram 折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram 扇形统计图pie diagram**** mutually disjoint events 互不相交事件mutually disjoint subsets 互不相交子集 mutually independent events 互相独立事件myria 万 myriad 无数的 multiplicity 重数 mid square method 平方取中法 midperpendicular 中垂线 minor 子式 minor arc 劣弧 mixed number 带分数 regular convergence 正则收敛 relative discriminant 相对判别式relative error 相对误差 relative extremum 局部极值 ricci equatoin 李奇恒等式ricci identity 李奇恒等式riemann function 黎曼函数riemann integral 黎曼积分 right direct product 右直积 right endpoint 右端点 right inner product 右内积 ring of integers 整数环 ring of matrices 矩阵环 root mean square error 均方根差 root of equation 方程式的根 rotation of axes 坐标轴的旋转 rotation of co ordinate system 坐标轴的旋转 round off error 舍入规则 round up error 舍入规则 runge kutta method 龙格库塔法 n disk n维圆盘 nth member 第n项 nth partial quotient 第n偏商 nth power operation n次幂运算 nth root n次根 nth term 第n项 n times continuously differentiable n次连续可微的natural injection 自然单射natural isomorphism 自然等necessary and sufficient conditions 必要充分的条件necessary and sufficient statistic 必要充分统计量 neutral element 零元素 neutral line 中线 nonhomogeneous linear boundary value problem 非齐次线性边值问题 nonhomogeneous linear differential equation 非齐次线性微分方程nonhomogeneous linear system of differential equations 非齐次线性微分方程组interval algebra 区间代数 interval analysis 区间分析 interval closed at the right 右闭区间 interval estimation 区域估计 intervalfunction 区间函数 interval graph 区间图 interval of convergence 收敛区间 interval of definition 定义区间 interval topology 区间拓扑irreducible set 不可约集 irreducible r module 不可约r模 periodical decimal fraction 循环十进小数 pentad 拼五小组 pentadecagon 十五边形pentagon 五角形 pentagonal number 五角数 pentagonal pyramid 五角锥pentagram 五角星 pentahedron 五面体 pentaspherical coordinates 五球坐标 penalty method 补偿法 pascal distribution 帕斯卡分布 partition function 分折函数 partial differential equation of elliptic type 椭圆型偏微分方程 partial differential equation of first order 一阶偏微分方程 partial differential equation of hyperbolic type 双曲型偏微分方程 partial differential equation of mixed type 混合型偏微分方程partial differential equation of parabolic type 抛物型偏微分方程partial differential operator 偏微分算子parametric test 参数检验particular solution 特解parallelogram axiom 平行四边形公理orthogonality relation 正交关系 ordinary differential equation 常微分方程optimal value function 最优值函数opposite angles 对角opposite category 对偶范畴 one to one mapping 一一映射 onto mapping 满射 open mapping theorem 开映射定理 one to many mapping 一对多映射one sided limit 单侧极限 numerical solution of linear equations 线性方程组的数值解法 null set 空集 null solution 零解 third boundary condition 第三边界条件two sided neighborhood 双侧邻域unbiased estimating equation 无偏估计方程unbounded function 无界函数unbounded quantifier 无界量词uncertainty principle 测不准原理uncorrelated random variables 不相关随机变量 undetermined coefficient 末定系数 velocity distribution 速度分布 velocity optimal 速度最优的weak approximation theorem 弱逼近定理 weak completeness 弱完备性weak continuity 弱连续性 weak convergence 弱收敛 wiener measure 维纳测度word group 自由群 sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数sample covariance 样本协方差schwarz inequality 施瓦尔兹不等式second boundary condition 诺伊曼边界条件second comparison test 第二比较检验second limit theorem 第二极限定理 self adjoint differential equation 自伴微分方程 semimajor axis 半长轴semiminor axis 半短轴 sentential calculus 命题演算 set of measure zero 零测度集 set topology 集论拓扑simple connectedness 单连通性slope function 斜率函数 solution curve 积分曲线 solution domain 解域solution set of equation 方程的解集spatial co ordinate 空间坐标specific address 绝对地址spherical bessel function 球贝塞耳函数 spherical cap 球冠 spherical coordinates 球极坐标 spherical curvature 球面曲率 spherical shell 球壳 spherical zone 球带spline function 样条函数spline interpolation 样条内插stability conditions 稳定条件 statistical hypothesis testing 统计假设检验strict inequality 严格不等式strict isotonicity 严格保序性strict isotony 严格保序性strict increasing 严格递增system of partial differential equations 偏微分方程组system of ordinary differential equations 常微分方程组system of linear homogeneousequations 线性齐次方程组 system of linear inhomogeneous equations 线性非齐次方程组system of inequalities 联立不等式system of polarcoordinates 极坐标系system of variational equations 变分方程组system with concentrated parameters 集中参数系统system with distributedparameters 分布参数系统 t1topological space t1拓扑空间 t2topologicalspace t2拓扑空间 t3topological space 分离空间 t4topological space 正则拓扑空间 t5 topological space 正规空间 t6topological space 遗传正规空间 tangent cone 切线锥面 telegraph equation 电报方程 theorem for damping 阻尼定理****充分条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition 充要条件sufficient and necessary condition……的充要条件是……… if and only if …****abscissa 横坐标 alternatingseries 交错级数 angle of the sector 扇形角 arbitrary constant 任意常数 augmented matrix 增广矩阵 axis of parabola 拋物线的轴 axis of revolution 旋转轴 axis of rotation 旋转轴 binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理 binomial distribution 二项分布 bisectionmethod 分半法；分半方法 bounded above 有上界的；上有界的 boundedbelow 有下界的；下有界的bounded function 有界函数boundedsequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标 certain event 必然事件 circumcentre 外心；外接圆心 circumcircle 外接圆 classical theory of probability 古典概率论 cofactor 余因子; 余因式 common denominator 同分母；公分母 commondifference 公差 common divisor 公约数；公约 common logarithm 常用对数 common multiple 公位数；公倍 common ratio 公比 commutative law 交换律 compasses 圆规 Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem 中心极限定理 centripedal acceleration 向心加速度concave downward 凹向下的concurrent 共点concyclic 共圆concyclic points 共圆点Euclidean geometry 欧几里德几何Euler'sformula 尤拉公式；欧拉公式 even function 偶函数 even number 偶数（2）博奕 Gaussian distribution 高斯分布 greatest term 最game （1）对策；大项 greatest value 最大值 harmonic mean (1) 调和平均数; (2) 调和中项 harmonic progression 调和级数 higher order derivative 高阶导数improper fraction 假分数improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分implicit function 隐函数 incircle 内切圆 inclined plane 斜 included angle 夹角 indefinite integral 不定积分 initial condition 原始条件；初值条件 initial-value problem 初值问题 interior angles on the same side of the transversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 iterate (1)迭代值; (2)迭代 Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日插值多项代Laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展式 lemniscate 双纽线 left hand limit 左方极限 limiting case 极限情况limiting position 极限位置line of best-fit 最佳拟合line segment 线段 logarithmic equation 对数方程 mathematical analysis 数学分析mathematical induction 数学归纳法monotonic decreasing function 单调递减函数 monotonic convergence 单调收敛性 monotonic increasing function 单调递增函数multiple-angle formula 倍角公式multiple root 多重根 mutually disjoint 互不相交 mutually exclusive events 互斥事件mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直 numerical method 计算方法；数值法oblique cone 斜圆锥 orthogonal circles 正交圆 orthogonality 正交性oscillatory convergence 振动收敛性 ordinary differential equation 常微分方程pairwise mutually exclusive events 两两互斥事件place holder 补位数字 point of inflection (inflexion) 拐点; 转折点Pisson distribution 泊松分布point-slope form 点斜式polar coordinate plane 极坐标平面polynomial equation 多项式方程posterior probability 后验概率; 事后概率premultiply 前乘; 自左乘prime factor 质因子；质因素 prime number 素数；质数 principal angle 主角principal axis 主轴 principal value 主值 prior probability 先验概率; 事先概率 probability density function 概率密度函数 product and sum formula 和积互变公式 product sample space 积样本空间 product to sum formula 积化和差公式 proof by contradiction 反证法; 归谬法 proper fraction 真分数proper integral 正常积分proper subset 真子集propositional calculus 命题演算propositional inference 命题推演protractor 量角器Pythagoras' theorem 勾股定理Pythagorean triplet 毕氏三元数组 quadratic convergence 二阶收敛性 quadrature 求积法 quotient set 商集 radial component 沿径分量 radical axis 根轴range 值域；区域；范围；极差；分布域 rationalization 有理化 raw data 原始数据 rectifiable 可求长的 reciprocal 倒数 rectangular coordinate plane 直角坐标平面 recurrence formula 递推公式 reducibility 可约性; 可化简性 reflexive relation 自反关系 reference angle 参考 reference line 基准线 reflex angle 优角；反角 region of acceptance 接受区域region of convergency 收敛区域 region of rejection 否定区域 right circular cone 直立圆锥（体） resolution of vector 向量分解; 矢量分解right hand limit 右方极限 right prism 直立棱柱；直立角柱(体) right pyramid 直立棱锥；直立角锥(体) right-angled triangle 直角二角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形；不规则三角形 scatter diagram 散点图scientific notation 科学记数法semi-conjugate axis 半共轭轴semi-transverse axis 半贯轴semi-vertical angle 半顶角separable differential equation 可分微分方程septic equation 七次方程set square 三角尺；三角板 shaded portion 有阴影部分 significance level 显著性水平 significant figure 有效数字 similar triangles 相似三角形simple iteration method 简单迭代法simple pendulum 单摆Simpson's integral 森逊积分 standard deviation 标准差；标准偏离 standard normal distribution 标准正态分布; 标准常态分布 stationary point 平稳点; 逗留点; 驻点 strictly monotonic 严格单调 statistical chart 统计分析submultiple angle formula 半角公式subsidiary angle 辅助角substitution 代入; 代入法successive approximation 逐次逼近法successive derivative 逐次导数 successive differentiation 逐次微分法suffix 下标 sum to infinity 无限项之和 sum to product formula 和化积公式 superimposing 迭合 supplementary angle 补角 surjection 满射symmetric relation 对称关系 tautology 恒真命题；恒真式 Taylor’s expansion 泰勒展开式 Taylor’s series 泰勒级数 Taylor’s theorem 泰勒定理 test criterion 检验标准 test of significance 显著性检验 to the nearest 至最接近之torque 转矩torus 环面transcendental function 超越函数 transformation of variable 变数转换 transitive 可传递的 transpose of matrix 倒置矩阵；转置矩阵 transversal 截 ；横截的 triangle law of addition 三角形加法 travel graph 行程图 tree diagram 树形图trapezoidal integral 梯形积分truncated Taylor’s series 截断泰勒级数 two-tailed test 双尾检验；只端检验 type I error I 型误差type II error II型误差unbiased estimator 无偏估计量undetermined coefficient 待定系数 unique solution 唯一解 vertical asymptote 垂直渐近线 vertically opposite angles 对顶角 without loss of generality 不失一般性****分子Numerator 分母Denominator 阿拉伯数字Hindu-Arabic numeral假分数Improper fraction 最大公因子Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) 最小公倍数 Lowest Common Multiple (L.C.M.) 行列式 determinant****interval closed at the right 右闭区间 interval of convergence 收敛区间interval of definition 定义区间invariance theorem 不变性定理 invariant of an equation 方程的不变量 inverse circular function 反三角函数 inverse hyperbolic function 反双曲函数inversion formula 反演公式 isotonic injective mapping 保序单射映射jacobi identity 雅可比恒等式 jump point 跳跃点 law of double negation 双重否定律 law of inertia 惯性律law of large numbers 大数定律 leading ideal 猪想 liouville theorem 刘维尔定理 lipschitz condition 李普希茨条件 markov transform 马尔可夫变换 mathematical approximation 数学近似法 mathematical model 数学模型 maximum condition 极大条件 maximum deviation 最大偏差 mean square deviation 方差 mean square of error 误差的均方 meromorphic function 亚纯函数柱形统计图 histogram 折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram 扇形统计图 pie diagram排列 permutatio内切圆 inscribed circle 外切圆 circumcircle正多边形 equilateral polygon metric space 度量空间 metric subspace 度量子空间method of runge kutta type 朗格库塔型的方法 method of steepest ascent 最速上升法 method of steepest descent 最速下降法method of finite elements 有限元法method of fractional steps 分步法method of exhaustion 穷竭法 method of approximation 近似法 method of artificial variables 人工变量法method of balayage 扫除法method of characteristic curves 特者法 method of comparison 比较法 method of conjugate gradients 共轭梯度法lateral area 侧面积 last multiplier 最后乘子large sample test 大样本检验lattice constant 点阵常数lattice design 格子设计method of difference 差分法method of elimination 消元法method of estimation 估计法meromorphic differential 亚纯微分 median 中位数 measuring rule 量尺 mean term 内项mean term 内项mean term 内项irreducibility criterion 不可约性判别准则irreducible polynomial 不可约多项式 irreducible generating set 不可约生成集 irregular divisor class 非正则因子类 irregular point 非正则点irregular singular point 非正则奇点isometric circle 等距圆isometric embedding 等距嵌入isomorphic field 同构域isomorphic graph 同构图isomorphic group 同构群isomorphic image 同构象isothermal parameter 等温参数iterated function 叠函数iterated integral 累积分joint distribution 联合分布 jordan algebra 约当代数kernel of an integral equation 积分方程的核l'hospital rule 洛必达规则laboratory system of coordinates 实验室坐标系 labyrinth 迷宫lacation principle 介值定理lag correlation coefficient 滞后相关系数lag regression 落后回归laguerre differential equation 拉盖尔微分方程lame equation 拉梅方程language of formula 公式语言 laplace beltrami operator 拉普拉斯贝尔特拉米算子lateral area 侧面积 last multiplier 最后乘子large sample test 大样本检验lattice constant 点阵常数lattice design 格子设计 left adjoint 左伴随的 left derivative 左导数left differential 左微分 left direct product 左直积 left end point 左端点 left length 左长 left limit value 左极限值left multiplication ring 左乘环length of curve 曲线的长 length of normal 法线的长 levi decomposition 列维分解 limes inferior 下极限 limes superior 上极限limit circle 极限圆 limit circle type 极限圆型logarithm to the base 10 常用对数logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布logic of relations 关系逻辑magic circle 幻圆magic cube 幻立方manifold without boundary 无边廖many valued mapping 多值映射marginal distribution density function 边缘分布密度函数 marginal distribution function 边缘分布函数mathematical programming 数学规划 mathematical random sample 数学随机样本 mathematical statistics 数理统计 maximum likelihood estimating function 极大似然估计量 independent variable 自变量 dependent variable 应变量equiangular triangle 正三角形,等角三角形命题proposition 差remainder 积product 除数divisor 商quotient 截尾truncation 未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 阶乘 factorial 集合 aggregate 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 补集 complement 映射 mapping 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 双曲线 hyperbola 抛物线 parabola topology of bounded convergence 有界收敛拓扑toroid 超环面 toroidal coordinates 圆环坐标trace of dyadic 并向量的迹transcendental integral function 超越整函数transformation formulas of the coordinates 坐标的变换公式 transformation to principal axes 轴变换 transversal lines 截线trapezoid method 梯形公式trefoil knot 三叶形纽结truth function 真值函项two sided test 双侧检定 two sided neighborhood 双侧邻域two sided surface 双侧曲面two termed expression 二项式ultrahyperbolic equation 超双曲型方程。
数学专业英语2-6
For a given real number x>0, it is possible to count the number of primes less than or equal to x. This number is said to be a function of x even though no simple algebraic formula is known for computing it (without counting) when x is known. 对于一个给定的实数x>0，数出小于或者等于x的素数 的个数是有可能的。这个数称为x的函数，尽管还没 有一个简单代数式可以由已知的x计算(不通过计数求) 出它的值。
These are merely devices for describing special relations in a quantitative fashion. Mathematicians refer to certain types of these relations as functions. 这些只是以定量的方式描述特定关系的方法。数学家 将这些关系中的某些类型视作函数。 In this section, we give an informal description of the function concept. A formal definition is given in Section 3. 在本节中，我们给出一个非正式的描述函数的概念。 在第3节给出一个正式的定义 。
EXAMPLE 1. The force F necessary to stretch a steel spring a distance x beyond its natural length is proportional to x. That is, F=cx, where c is a number independent of x called the spring constant. 把一个钢制的弹簧拉伸到超过其自然长度的距离为x 时所需要的力F与x成正比。即，F=cx,这里c是不依赖 与x的数，叫做弹性系数。 This formula, discovered by Robert Hooke in the mid17th century, is called Hooke’s law, and it is said to express the force as a function of the displacement.
数学专业英语
几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密、审慎，他们 将不会盲目接受任何结论.
2－B Some geometrical terms
A solid is a three-dimensional figure. Common exaБайду номын сангаасples of solids are cube, sphere, cylinder, cone and pyramid. A cube has six faces which are smooth and flat. These faces are called plane surfaces or simply planes. 立体是一个三维图形，立体常见的例子是立方体，球
This is evident from the fact that they require study of geometry as a prerequisite to matriculation in those schools. 许多居于领导地位的学术机构承认，所有学习这个数 学分支的人都将得到确实的受益。
It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
平面上的闭曲线当其中每点到一个固定点的距离均相 当时叫做圆。固定点称为圆心。
数学专业英语2-4
Let P denote the set of all positive integers. Then P is itself an inductive set because (a) it contains 1, and (b) it contains x+1 whenever it contains x. Since the members of P belong to every inductive set, we refer to P as the smallest inductive set. 用P表示所有正整数的集合。那么P本身是一个归纳 集，因为其中含1，满足(a)；只要包含x就包含x+1, 满足(b)。由于P中的元素属于每一个归纳集，因此P 是最小的归纳集。
Quotients of integers a/b (where b≠0) are called rational numbers. The set of rational numbers, denoted by Q, contains Z as a subset. The reader should realize that all the field axioms and the order axioms are satisfied by Q. For this reason, we say that the set of rational numbers is an ordered field. Real numbers that are not in Q are called irrational. 整数a与b的商被叫做有理数，有理数集用Q表示，Z 是Q的子集。读者应该认识到Q满足所有的域公理和 序公理。因此说有理数集是一个有序的域。不是有 理数的实数被称为无理数。
数学专业英语(14)
2
Mathematical English 14: Mathematical Puzzles
1. Triangular area In triangle ABC, produce a line from B to AC, meeting at D, and from C to AB, meeting at E. Let BD and CE meet at X. Let ∆BXE have area a, ∆BXC have area b, and ∆CXD have area c. Find the area of quadrilateral AEXD in terms of a, b, and c.
Mathematical English 14: Mathematical Puzzles
Mathematical English
Dr. Xiaomin Zhang Email: zhangxiaomin@
Dr. Xiaomin Zhang: Mathematics Department, School of Science, Ningbo University
1
Mathematical English 14: Mathematical Puzzles
Mathematical Puzzles
Welcome to my selection of mathematical puzzles. The math puzzles presented here are selected for the deceptive simplicity of their statement, or the elegance of their solution. They range over geometry, probability, number theory, algebra, calculus, trigonometry, and logic. All require a certain ingenuity, but usually only pre-college math. Some puzzles are original. Explaining how an answer is arrived at is more important than the answer itself. To this end, hints, answers, and fully worked solutions are provided, together with links to related mathematical topics. Further references are provided with many of the solutions. The puzzles are intended to be fun, with an educational element.
基本数学术语的英文表达实用PPT资料
Hyperbolic tangent
subsets unions factor
空集
Empty set
补集 complements
因式分解
factorize
定理
theorem
法则
rule
理论
theory
§2.1： Words of Operations (I) (Cont.)
中文 混合运算
无穷大
偏导数
3
7 = 0.428571428571…= 0.428571
4. Read: 百分位：percentile
35.6078: after ? To the ? Its ? =35.61
§2.1： Words of Operations (I)
中文
(数)运算 乘 比率
花括号 {}
不等于 ≠
英文
operation times, multiplied by
Chinese 分数
虚数
English fraction
（pure） imaginary number
Chinese 小数
复数
English decimal
complex number
正数 十位数
万 亿 偶数
positive number tens
ten thousand hundred million
delta x,
y’,
increment x y”
multivariate 对数， function 常用对数
y prime, y double prime
Logarithm， Common logarithm
Ell en x
三角函数
数学 英语知识点总结ppt
数学英语知识点总结pptArithmeticArithmetic is the most basic and fundamental branch of mathematics. It deals with the operations of numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In this section, we will review the basic operations of arithmetic, as well as the properties of numbers, such as commutativity, associativity, and distributivity. We will also cover topics such as fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios, and demonstrate how these concepts are used in everyday life, such as in budgeting, cooking, and shopping.AlgebraAlgebra is a branch of mathematics that uses symbols and letters to represent numbers and quantities. In this section, we will explore the basic principles of algebra, including equations, inequalities, and functions. We will also discuss the various techniques for solving algebraic problems, such as factoring, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula. Additionally, we will demonstrate how algebra is used in various fields, such as science, engineering, and economics, through practical examples and applications.GeometryGeometry is the study of shapes, sizes, and spatial relationships. In this section, we will cover the fundamental concepts of geometry, including points, lines, angles, and polygons. We will also discuss the properties of geometric figures, such as congruence, similarity, and symmetry, as well as the principles of measurement, such as area, perimeter, volume, and surface area. Furthermore, we will explore the applications of geometry in architecture, design, and art, and highlight its importance in everyday life.TrigonometryTrigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between angles and sides in right-angled triangles. In this section, we will review the basic trigonometric functions, such as sine, cosine, and tangent, as well as their inverses. We will also discuss the applications of trigonometry in various fields, such as navigation, astronomy, and engineering. Additionally, we will demonstrate how trigonometric principles are used to solve problems involving angles and distances.CalculusCalculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of change and motion. In this section, we will explore the basic concepts of calculus, including derivatives, integrals, and limits. We will also discuss the applications of calculus in physics, engineering, and economics, and demonstrate how it is used to solve real-world problems, such as finding the maximum and minimum values of functions, determining rates of change, and calculating areas and volumes.StatisticsStatistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In this section, we will cover the basic principles of statistics, including data types, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, and probability. We will also discuss various statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and correlation, and demonstrate their applications in fields such as business, healthcare, and social sciences.In conclusion, mathematics is a diverse and essential field of study that plays a crucial role in many aspects of our lives. This PowerPoint presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various mathematical knowledge points in the English language, from basic arithmetic to advanced calculus and statistics. By understanding these concepts and their applications, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty and utility of mathematics in the world around us. Thank you for your attention, and we hope you find this presentation informative and inspiring.。
数学专业英语第八讲附数学课程英文表达ppt
• 代数几何: 1、Harris,Algebraic Geometry: a first course:代数几何得入门教材; 2、Algebraic Geometry Robin Hartshorne :经典得代数几何教材,难度很高; 3、Basic Algebraic Geometry 1&2 2nd ed、 I、R、Shafarevich、:非常好得代数几 何入门教材; 4、Principles of Algebraic Geometry by giffiths/harris:全面、经典得代数几何参考 书,偏复代数几何; 5、mutative Algebra with a view toward Algebraic Geometry by Eisenbud:高级得 代数几何、交换代数得参考书,最新得交换代数全面参考; 6、The Geometry of Schemes by Eisenbud:很好得研究生代数几何入门教材; 7、The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes by Mumford:标准得研究生代数几何入 门教材; 8、Algebraic Geometry I : plex Projective Varieties by David Mumford:复代数几 何得经典。
数学专业英语第八讲附数学课程英文表达
• 数学类
• 第一学年 几何与拓扑: 1、James R、 Munkres, Topology
• 2、Basic Topology by Armstrong 3、Kelley, General Topology:
• 4、Willard, General Topology:一般拓扑学 5、Topology and geometry:
• 代数拓扑: 1、Algebraic Topology, A、 Hatcher:最新得研究生代数拓扑标准教材; 2、Spaniers “Algebraic Topology”:经典得代数拓扑参考书; 3、Differential forms in algebraic topology, by Raoul Bott and Loring W、 Tu:研究生代数拓扑标准教材; 4、Massey, A basic course in Algebraic topology:经典得研究生代数拓扑教材
《数学专业英语》课件
2 三角恒等式和方程 4 三角学在几何和物理中的应用
IV. Calculus
1 极限和连续性 4 定积分及其性质
2 导数及其性质
3 导数在优化和相关速
率中的应用
5 定积分在面积和体积计算中的应用
V. Linear Algebra
1 向量和向量运算 3 线性方程组
《数学专业英语》PPT课 件
探索数学专业英语的精髓，为您呈现一场精彩的数学之旅。
I. Introduction
- 数学的定义 - 数学在现代社会中的重要性 - 课程目标
II. Algebra
1 基础代数表达式和方程 3 多项式和因式分解
2 根式和指数 4 二次方程和函数
III. Trigonom etry
2 矩阵及其运算 4 特征值和特征向量
VI. Probability and Statistics
1 概率的基本概念 3 数据的统计度量
2 离散和连续概率分布 4 假设检验和置信区间
VII. Conclusion
1 课程内容回顾
2 数学在不同领域的未 3 继
数学专业英语
专业英语1/2 ：a half 或one half1/4：a quarter(fourth)或one quarter(fourth) 1/1234：one over a thousand two hundred and thirty-four4/5：four fifths 或four over five113/300：one hundred and thirteen over three Hundred872：two and seven over eight 或two andseven eighths20o ：wenty degrees 6’ ：six minutes; six feet 10” ：ten seconds; ten inches 2% ：two percent 5‰：five per millea ＋b a plus b; (positive)a －b a minus b; (negative) a±b a plus or minus b a×b a multiplied by b; (times) a÷b a divided by b;a:b the ratio of a to ba=b a is equal to b; a equals to b a ≠b a is not equal to b; a is not b a ＞b a is greater than ba ＜b a is less than ba ≣b a is greater than or equal to b a ≢b a is less than or equal to ba ≡b a is identically equal to b; a is of identity to ba ba is approximately equal to bsquare root of an th root of aa the absolute value of aalgebra 代数学 geometrical 几何的algebraic 代数的 identity 恒等式arithmetic 算术, 算术的 measure 测量，测度axiom 公理numerical 数值的, 数字的conception 概念，观点 operation 运算 constant 常数 postulate 公设logical deduction 逻辑推理 proposition 命题division 除，除法 subtraction 减，减法 formula 公式term 项，术语trigonometry 三角学 variable 变化的，变量angle 角 cube 立方体arc 弧 curved line 曲线major arc 优弧 cylinder 柱体minor arc 劣弧 diameter 直径architect 建筑师 dimention 维数，大小breadth 宽度 endpoint 端点chord 弦 equidistant 等距离的circumference 周长 line segment 直线段cone 圆锥 radius 半径critical 临界的 pyramid 棱锥 ray 射线 sphere 球，球面semicircle 半圆 surface 面，曲面solid 立体的，立体 thickness 厚度brace 大括号 roster 名册consequence 结论，推论roster notation 枚举法designate 标记，指定rule out 排除，否决diagram 图形，图解subset 子集distinct 互不相同的the underlying set 基础集distinguish 区别，辨别universal set 全集divisible 可被除尽的validity 有效性dummy 哑的，哑变量visual 可视的even integer 偶数visualize 可视化irrelevant 无关紧要的void set(empty set) 空集conversely 反之geometric interpretation 几何意义correspond 对应induction 归纳法deducible 可推导的proof by induction 归纳证明difference 差inductive set 归纳集distinguished 著名的inequality 不等式entirely complete 完整的integer 整数Euclid 欧几里得interchangeably 可互相交换的Euclidean 欧式的intuitive直观的the field axiom 域公理irrational 无理的irrational number 无理数rational 有理的the order axiom 序公理rational number 有理数ordered 有序的reasoning 推理product 积scale 尺度，刻度quotient 商sum 和abscissa 横坐标horizontal 水平的analytic geometry 解析几何hypotenuse 斜边arbitrary 任意的integral 整数的,积分的,积分Cartesian 笛卡儿的intersect 相交Rene Descartes 笛卡儿intertwine 融合，结合circular 圆的，圆周的leg 侧边，直角边coordinate 坐标ordinate 纵坐标the origin 坐标原点segment 线段parabolic 抛物线的three-dimensional 三维的perpendicular 垂直的triangle 三角形polygonal 多边形的the unit distance 单位长度quadrant 象限vector 向量, 矢量reduce 归结，化简vertical 竖直的课后答案2-1（1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。
数学专业词汇词典课件
a priori bound 先验界限a priori distribution 先验分布a priori probability 先验概率a summable a 可和的abacus 算盘abbreviate 略abbreviation 简化abel equation 阿贝耳方程abel identity 阿贝耳恒等式abel inequality 阿贝耳不等式abel summation method 阿贝耳求和法abelian algebra 阿贝耳代数abelian differential 阿贝耳微分abelian equation 阿贝耳方程abelian extension 阿贝耳扩张abelian function 阿贝耳函数abelian function field 阿贝耳函数域abelian functor 阿贝耳函子abelian group 交换群abelian groupoid 阿贝耳广群abelian integral 阿贝耳积分abelian summation 阿贝耳求和法abelian theorem 阿贝耳定理abelian variety 阿贝耳簇abridge 略abridged notation 简算记号abscissa 横坐标abscissa of absolute convergence 绝对收敛坐标abscissa of summability 可和性坐标abscissa of uniform convergence 一致收敛横坐标absolute 绝对形absolute address 绝对地址absolute class field 绝对类域absolute coding 绝对编码absolute cohomology 绝对上同调absolute conic 绝对二次曲线absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute curvature vector 绝对曲率向量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute differential calculus 绝对微分学absolute error 绝对误差absolute geometry 绝对几何absolute homology group 绝对同岛absolute homotopy group 绝对同伦群absolute inequality 绝对不等式absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute moment 绝对矩absolute neighborhood 绝对邻域absolute neighborhood retract 绝对邻域收缩核absolute norm 绝对范数absolute number 不名数absolute parallelism 绝对平行性absolute quadric 绝对二次曲面absolute ramification index 绝对分歧指数absolute rotation 绝对旋转absolute singular homology group 绝对奇异同岛absolute space 绝对空间absolute space time 绝对时空absolute stability 绝对稳定性absolute term 常数项absolute unit 绝对单位absolute value 绝对值absolute value sign 绝对值符号absolute velocity 绝对速度absolutely additive measure 完全加性测度absolutely compact set 绝对紧集absolutely complete system 绝对完备系absolutely continuous 绝对连续的absolutely continuous distribution 绝对连续分布absolutely continuous function 绝对连续函数absolutely continuous measure 绝对连续测度absolutely continuous part 绝对连续部分absolutely continuous transformation绝对连续变换absolutely convergent 绝对收敛的absolutely convergent integral 绝对收敛积分absolutely discontinuous function 绝对不连续函数absolutely integrable 绝对可积的absolutely irreducible character 绝对不可约特征absolutely irreducible representation绝对不可约表示absolutely irreducible variety 绝对不可约簇absolutely normal number 绝对范数absolutely prime ideal 绝对素理想absolutely semisimple algebra 绝对半单代数absolutely simple group 绝对单群absolutely summable sequence 绝对可和序列absolutely unbiased estimator 绝对无偏估计量absolutely unramified extension 绝对非分歧扩张absorbing barrier 吸收障碍absorbing medium 吸收媒体absorbing set 吸收集absorbing state 吸收态absorption 吸收absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption factor 吸收因数absorption index 吸收指数absorption law 吸收律absorption probability 吸收概率abstract 抽象的abstract algebra 抽象代数abstract algebraic geometry 抽象代数几何abstract automaton 抽象自动机abstract category 抽象范畴abstract code 理想码abstract complex 抽象复形abstract group 抽象群abstract interval function 抽象区间函数abstract mathematics 抽象数学abstract number 不名数abstract ordered simplicial complex抽象有序单纯复形abstract simplex 抽象单形abstraction 抽象abstraction operator 抽象算子absurd 谬论的absurdity 谬论abundance ratio 丰度比abundant number 过剩数accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration 加速度acceleration of convergence 收敛性的加速acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceptable quality level 合格质量水平acceptance 肯定acceptance inspection 接受检查acceptance limit 接受界限acceptance line 接受线acceptance number 接受数acceptance probability 接受概率acceptance region 接受区域acceptance zone 接受带access 存取access speed 存取速度access time 存取时间accessibility 可达性accessible boundary point 可达边界点accessible ordinal number 可达序数accessible point 可达点accessible set 可达集accessible vertex 可达顶点accessory extremal 配连极值accidental 偶然的accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental error 随机误差accommodation 第accumulated error 累积误差accumulating point 聚点accumulation 累积accumulation point 聚点accumulator 累加器存储器accuracy 准确性accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy rating 准确度acnod 孤点acount 计算actual 真实的actual infinity 实无穷acute 尖锐的acute angle 锐角acute angled triangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的acyclic complex 非循环复形acyclic graph 环道自由图acyclic model theorem 非循环模型定理ad infinitum 无穷地adams circle 阿达姆斯圆adams extrapolation method 阿达姆斯外插法adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapted basis 适应基add 加added circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器addition 加法addition formulas 加法公式addition sign 加号addition system 加法系addition table 加法表addition theorem 加法定理addition theorem of probability 概率的加法定理additional 加法的additional code 附加代码additional condition 附加条件additional error 附加误差additive 加法的additive category 加性范畴additive class 加性类additive functional 加性泛函数additive functional transformation 加性泛函变换additive group 加法群additive interval function 加性区间函数additive inverse element 加性逆元素additive number theory 堆垒数论additive operator 加性算子additive theory of numbers 堆垒数论additive valuation 加法赋值additively commutative ordinalnumbers 加性交换序数additivity 加法性address 地址address part 地址部分address register 地址寄存器addressing 指定箱位adele 阿代尔adele group 阿代尔群adequate 适合的adherent point 触点adhesion 附着adjacency 邻接adjacency matrix 邻接矩阵adjacent angles 邻角adjacent edge 邻棱adjacent side 邻边adjacent supplementary angles 邻角adjacent vertex 邻顶adjoint boundary value problem 伴随边值问题adjoint determinant 伴随行列式adjoint difference equation 伴随差分方程adjoint differential equation 伴随微分方程adjoint differential expression 伴随微分式adjoint form 伴随形式adjoint function 伴随函数adjoint functor 伴随函子adjoint graph 导出图adjoint group 伴随群adjoint hilbert problem 伴随希耳伯特问题adjoint integral equation 伴随积分方程adjoint kernel 伴随核adjoint linear map 伴随线性映射adjoint matrix 伴随阵adjoint operator 伴随算子adjoint process 伴随过程adjoint representation 伴随表示adjoint space 伴随空间adjoint surface 伴随曲面adjoint transformation 伴随算子adjoint vector 伴随向量adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjunction of an identity element 单位元的附加adjustable point 可胆点adjustment 蝶admissibility limit 容许界限admissible 容许的admissible category 容许范畴admissible chart 容许图admissible control 可行控制admissible decision function 容许判决函数admissible decision rule 容许判决函数admissible deformation 容许形变admissible domain 容许区域admissible function 容许函数admissible homomorphism 容许同态admissible hypothesis 容许假设admissible lifting 容许提升admissible map 容许映射admissible sequence 容许序列admissible space 容许空间admissible strategy 容许策略admissible subgroup 容许子群admissible test 容许检定admissible value 容许值affine algebraic set 仿射代数集affine collineation 仿射直射变换affine connection 仿射联络affine coordinates 平行坐标affine curvature 仿射曲率affine differential geometry 仿射微分几何学affine distance 仿射距离affine figure 仿射图形affine function 仿射函数affine geometry 仿射几何学affine group 仿射群affine group scheme 仿射群概型affine isothermal net 仿射等温网affine length 仿射长度affine line 仿射直线affine normal 仿射法线理变换affine space 仿射空间affine sphere 仿射球面affine surface 仿射曲面affine transformation 仿射变换affine variety 仿射簇affinely connected manifold 仿射连通廖affinely connected space 仿射连通空间affinity 仿射变换affirmation 肯定affirmative proposition 肯定命题affix 附标after effect 后效酌aggregate 集aggregation 聚合agreement 一致air coordinates 空间坐标airy function 亚里函数airy integral 亚里积分aitken interpolation 艾特肯插值aitken interpolation formula 艾特肯插值公式albanese variety 阿尔巴内斯簇aleph 阿列夫aleph zero 阿列夫零alexander cohomology module 亚历山大上同担alexander cohomology theory 亚历山大上同帝alexander matrix 亚历山大阵alexander polynomial 亚历山大多项式algebra 代数学algebra of events 事件场algebra of logic 逻辑代数algebra of tensors 张量代数algebra over k 环k 上的代数algebraic 代数的algebraic adjunction 代数的附加algebraic affine variety 仿射代数集algebraic algebra 代数的代数algebraic branch point 代数分歧点algebraic calculus 代数计算algebraic closure 代数闭包algebraic closure operator 代数闭包algebraic correspondence 代数对应algebraic curve 代数曲线algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic extension 代数扩张algebraic form 代数形式algebraic fraction 代数分式algebraic function 代数函数algebraic function field 代数函数域algebraic geometry 代数几何学algebraic group 代数群algebraic hull 代数包algebraic hypersurface of the seconedorder 二阶代数超曲面algebraic integer 代数整数algebraic irrational number 代数无理数algebraic lie algebra 代数的李代数algebraic logic of pocket calculator 袖珍计算机的代数逻辑algebraic multiplicity 代数重度algebraic number 代数数algebraic number field 代数数域algebraic number theory 代数数论algebraic operation 代数运算algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic singularity 代数奇点algebraic space 代数空间algebraic spiral 代数螺线algebraic structure 代数结构algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数簇algebraically closed field 代数闭域algebraically dependent elements 代数相关元algebraically equivalent 代数等价的algebraically independent elements 代数无关元algebraization 代数化algebro geometric 代数几何的algebroid function 代数体函数algebroidal function 代数体函数algorithm 算法algorithm of division 辗转相除法algorithm of euclid 欧几里得算法aligned systematic sampling 列系统抽样alignment chart 列线图aliquot part 整除部分alligation 混合法allocation problem 配置问题allowable 容许的allowable defects 容许靠allowable error 容许误差allowance 允许almost all 几乎处处almost bounded function 殆有界函数almost certain convergence 几乎必然收敛almost complex manifold 殆复廖almost convergent sequence 殆收敛序列almost equivalent 殆等价almost everywhere 几乎处处almost impossible event 殆不可能事件almost invariant set 殆不变集almost periodic function 殆周期函数almost periodicity 殆周期性almost significant 殆显著的alpha capacity 容量alpha limit set 极限集alphabetical 字母的alphanumeric 字母数字式alphanumeric representation of information 信息的字母数字表示alternate angles 错角alternating chain 交错链alternating differential form 外微分形式alternating differential of differential form 微分形式的交错微分alternating direction method 交替方向法alternating form 交错形式alternating function 反对称函数alternating group 交错群alternating harmonic series 莱布尼兹级数alternating knot 交错纽结alternating matrix 交错矩阵alternating method 交错法alternating series test 交错级数检验alternating sum 交错和alternating tensor 交错张量alternating tensor density 交错张量密度alternating tree 交错树alternation 交错alternative 交错;择一alternative algebra 交错代数alternative field 交错域alternative hypothesis 择一假设alternative normal form 析取范式alternative proposition 选言命题altitude 高度altitude theorem 高度定理amalgamated product 融合积amalgamated subcategory 融和子范畴amalgamation 合并ambient space 环绕空间ambiguous point 歧点amicable numbers 亲和数amount 量amphicheiral knot 双向纽结ample divisor 丰富除子amplitude 振幅;角amplitude of a complex number 复数角analog computer 模拟计算机analogous 类似的analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 类似analysis 数学分析analysis of time series 时间序列分析analysis of variance 方差分析analytic 分析的analytic arc 解析弧analytic completion 解析开拓analytic continuation 解析开拓analytic curve 解析曲线analytic dynamics 分析动力学analytic expression 解析式analytic function 分析函数analytic function of several variables多元解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何学analytic prime number theory 解析素数论analytic proof 解析证明analytic proposition 解析命题analytic set 解析集analytic space 解析空间analytic transformation 解析变换analytical differential 解析微分analytical geometry 分析几何学analytical hierarchy 解析分层analytical mapping 全纯映射analytical transformation 全纯映射analytically continuable 可解析开拓的analytically independent 解析无关的analytically irreducible variety 解析不可约簇analytically representable function 解析可表示的函数anastigmatic 去象散的anchor ring 环面ancillary statistic 辅助统计量and circuit 与电路andre permutation 安得列置换andre polynomial 安得列多项式anger function 安格尔函数angle 角angle at center 圆心角angle between chord and tangent 弦和切线的角angle function 角函数angle of 落后角angle of advance 超前角angle of attack 迎角angle of contact 接触角angle of contingence 切线角angle of declination 俯角angle of diffraction 衍射角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 斜角angle of intersection 相交角angle of lead 超前角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of torsion 挠率角angle preserving 保角的angular coefficient 角系数angular coordinates 角坐标angular correlation 角相关angular derivative 角微商angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular domain 角域angular excess 角盈angular frequency 角频率angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角测度angular metric 角度量angular momentum 角动量angular momentum conservation law 角动量守恒律angular motion 角运动angular neighborhood 角邻域angular transformation 角变换angular unit 角的单位angular velocity 角速度anharmonic oscillation 非低振动anharmonic ratio 交比anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropy 蛤异性annihilator 零化子annular 环annulator 零化子annulus 圆环anomalous magnetic moment 反常磁矩anomalous propagation 反常传播anomalous scattering 反常散射anomaly 近点角antecedent 前项anti automorphism 反自同构anti hermitian form 反埃尔米特形式anti isomorphic lattice 反同构格anti isomorphism 反同构anti position 反位置anti reflexiveness 反自反性anti semiinvariant 反半不变量antianalytic function 反解析函数antichain 反链anticlockwise 逆时针的anticoincidence method 反重法anticommutation 反交换anticommutative 反交换的anticommutativity 反交换性anticommutator 反换位子antiderivative 不定积分的antiholomorphic 反全纯的antihomomorphism 反同态antiisomorphy 反同构antilinear 反线性的antilinear mapping 反线性映射antilinear transformation 反线性变换antilogarithm 反对数antimode 反方式antimodule 反模antinode 反结点antinomy 二律背反antiorder homomorphism operator 反序同态算子antiordered set 反有序集合antiparallel 逆平行的antiplane 反平面antipodal map 对映映射antipodal point 对映点antipodal set 对映集antipode 对映点antipoints 反点antiradical 反根式antiresonance 反共振antisymmetric 反对称的antisymmetric function 反对称函数antisymmetric matrix 反对称矩阵antisymmetric relation 反对称关系antisymmetric tensor 反对称张量antisymmetrical state 反对称态antithesis 反题antitone mapping 反序映射antitone sequence 反序列antitonic function 反序函数antitonicity 反序性antitony 反序性antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antiunitary 反酉的aperiodic damping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion 非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性apical angle 顶角apolar 非极性的apolarity 从配极性apothem 边心距apparent error 貌似误差apparent force 表观力apparent motion 表观运动apparent orbit 表观轨迹apparent singularity 貌似奇性application 应用applied mathematics 应用数学applied mechanics 应用力学approach 接近approach infinity 接近无穷大approximability 可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate calculation 近似计算approximate construction 近似准approximate continuity 近似连续性approximate derivative 近似导数approximate differentiability 近似可微性approximate differential 近似微分approximate formula 近似公式approximate integration 近似积分approximate limit 近似极限approximate lower semi continuity 近似下半连续性approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate partial derivative 近似偏导函数approximate partial derived function近似偏导函数approximate partial differential 近似偏微分approximate solution 近似解approximate total differentiability 近似全可微性approximate total differential 近似全微分approximate upper semi continuity 近似上半连续性approximate value 近似值approximate value in excess 过剩近似值approximation 逼近approximation by excess 过剩逼近approximation calculus 近似计算approximation error 近似误差approximation function 逼近函数approximation in excess 过剩逼近approximation method 近似法approximation methods in physics 物理学中的逼近法approximation theorem 逼近定理approximation theory 逼近理论arbitrarily small 任意小arbitrary 任意的arbitrary constant 任意常数arbitrary element 任意元素arbitrary parameter 任意参数arbitrary small number 任意小数arc 弧arc component 弧分量arc cosecant 反余割arc cosine 逆余弦arc cotangent 逆余切arc hyperbolic function 反双曲函数arc length 弧长arc of a circle 圆弧arc secant 反正割arc set 弧集arc sine 逆正弦arc sine distribution 反正弦分布arc sine law 反正弦定律arc sine transformation 反正弦变换arc tangent 反正切arch 拱形archaeometry 考古测量学archimedean 阿基米德性的archimedean group 阿基米德群archimedean semigroup 阿基米德半群archimedean space 阿基米德空间archimedean total order 阿基米德全序archimedean valuation 阿基米德赋值archimedes axiom 阿基米德公理archimedes spiral 阿基米德螺线archimedically ordered field 阿基米德有序域archimedically ordered number field arcwise connectedness 弧连通性are 公亩area 面积area function 面积函数area of a circle 圆面积area preserving mapping 保面积映射areal coordinates 重心坐标areal derivative 面积导数areal element 面积元素areal integral 面积分areal velocity 面积速度argand plane 复数平面argument 自变数;辐角argument function 辐角函数argument of a function 函数的自变数argument principle 辐角原理argumentation 论证aristotelian logic 亚里斯多德逻辑学arithmetic 算术arithmetic al function 数论函数arithmetic difference 算术差arithmetic division 算术除法arithmetic element 运算元素arithmetic expression 算术表达式arithmetic function 数论函数arithmetic genus 算术狂arithmetic geometric mean 算术几何平均arithmetic geometric series 算术几何级数arithmetic logic of pocket calculator袖珍计算机的算术逻辑arithmetic mean 算术平均arithmetic number 正实数arithmetic of algebraic number fields代数数域的数论arithmetic of algebras 代数的数论arithmetic of local fields 局部域的数沦arithmetic operation 算术操作算术运算arithmetic progression 算术级数arithmetic subgroup 算术子群arithmetic unit 运算元素arithmetical hierarchy 算术谱系arithmetical predicate 算术谓词arithmetical triangle 帕斯卡三角形arrangement 排列array 排列arrow 射artificial variable 人工变量artificial variable method 人工变量法artin conductor 阿廷前导子artin conjecture 阿廷猜想artin reciprocity law 阿廷互反禄artinian module 阿丁模artinian ring 阿丁环ascending 上升的ascending chain condition 升链条件ascending difference 后向差分ascending power series 升幂级数ascending powers 升幂ascending sequence 递升序列aspherical space 非球面空间asphericity 非球面牲assemblage 集assembler 汇编assertion sign 断定号assignable cause 可指定的原因assignment problem 配置问题associate equation 相伴方程associated equation 相伴方程associated fiber bundle 相伴的纤维丛associated form 连带形式associated function 连带函数associated graded module 相伴分次模associated graded ring 形式环associated homogeneous equation 相伴齐次方程associated homogeneous system 相伴齐次组associated laguerre polynomial 连带的拉盖尔多项式associated legendre function 相伴勒让德函数associated legendre polynomial 连带的勒让德多项式associated minimal surface 相伴极小曲面associated power series 相伴幂级数associated prime ideal 相伴素理想associated radius of convergence 相伴收敛半径associated surface 连带曲面associated system 相伴系associated undirected graph 相伴无向图association 结合associative algebra 结合代数associative law 结合律associative law for series 级数的结合律associativity 结合性assume 假定assumption 假定assumption formula 假定公式asterisk 星号asteroid 星形线asymmetric 非对称的asymmetric relation 非对称关系asymmetric variety 非对称簇asymmetrical 非对称的asymmetrical graph 恒等图asymmetry 非对称性asymptote 渐近线asymptote of curve 曲线的渐近线asymptotic 浙近的asymptotic behavior 渐近状态asymptotic circle 渐近圆asymptotic cone 渐近锥面asymptotic convergence 渐近收敛asymptotic curvature 渐近曲率asymptotic curve 渐近曲线asymptotic density 渐近密度asymptotic direction 渐近方向asymptotic efficiency 渐近效率asymptotic expansion 渐近展开asymptotic formula 渐近公式asymptotic line 渐近线asymptotic mean value 渐近平均值asymptotic minimal basis 渐近极小基asymptotic order 渐近阶asymptotic path 渐近路线asymptotic plane 渐近平面asymptotic point 渐近点asymptotic rate of convergence 渐近收敛速度asymptotic series 渐近级数asymptotic solution 渐近解asymptotic stability 渐近稳定性asymptotic value 渐近值asymptotically efficient estimator 渐近有效估计量asymptotically equal 渐近相等asymptotically equal sequence 渐近相等序列asymptotically equivalent function 渐近等价函数asymptotically normal distribution 渐近正态分布asymptotically normally distributed渐近正规分布的asymptotically stable 渐近稳定的asymptotically stable solution 渐近稳定解asynchronous computer 异步计算机atiyah singer index theorem 阿蒂亚辛格指数定理atlas 坐标邻域系atom 原子atomic element 原子元素atomic formula 原子公式atomic lattice 原子格atomic proposition 原子命题atomicity 原子性attaching map 接着映射attenuation 衰减attenuation constant 衰减常数attenuation factor 衰减因数attenuator 衰减器attraction 引力attractive force 引力attractor 吸引区attribute 属性augend 被加数augmentation 扩张augmentation preserving map 增广保存映射augmented complex 扩张复形augmented matrix 增广矩阵austausch 交换autocorrelation 自相关autocorrelation coefficient 自相关系数autocorrelation function 自相关函数autocorrelogram 自相关图autocovariance 自协方差automata 自动机automatic check 自动检验automatic coding 自动编码automatic computation 自动计算automatic computer 自动计算机automatic control 自动控制automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic control theory 自动控制理论automatic programming 自动程序设计automatic testing 自动检验automation 自动化automaton 自动机automaton graph 自动机图automorphic form 自守形式automorphic function 自守函数automorphism 自同构automorphism group 自同构群autonomous system 自治系统autoparallel curve 自平行曲线autoregression 自回归autoregression equation 自回归方程autoregressive process 自回归过程autoregressive transformation 自回归变换auxiliary 辅助的auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 相伴齐次方程auxiliary function 辅助函数auxiliary line 辅助线auxiliary variable 辅助变数average 平均值average deviation 平均偏差average error 平均误差average life 平均寿命average outgoing quality 平均出厂质量average outgoing quality limit 平均出厂质量极限average quality protection 平均品质保护average sample number 平均样本数average speed 平均速度average term 普通项averaging method 平均法averaging operator 平均算子axes of coordinates 座标轴axial 轴的axial symmetry 轴对称axial vector 轴向量axially symmetric flow 轴对称流axialsymmetric vector field 轴对称向量场axiom 公理axiom of accessibility 可达性公理axiom of addition 加法公理axiom of choice 选择公理axiom of completeness 完备性公理axiom of comprehension 概括公理axiom of constructibility 可构成性公理axiom of constructivity 可构成性公理axiom of continuity 连续公理axiom of extensionality 外延性公理axiom of infinity 无穷性公理axiom of power set 幂集公理axiom of reducibility 可化归性公理axiom of regularity 正则性公理axiom of subsets 子集公理axiom of substitution 替换公理axiom of sum set 并集公理axiom of the empty set 空集公理axiom of union 并集公理axiom scheme 公理格式axiomatic 公理的axiomatic method 公理法axiomatic set theory 公理论的集论;公理集合论axiomatic system 公理系统axiomatics 公理学axiomatization 公理化axiomatize 公理化axioms of congruence 叠合公理axioms of continuity 连续公理axioms of denumerability 可数公理axioms of incidence 关联公理axioms of order 次序公理axis 轴axis of a cone 锥轴axis of abscissas 横坐标轴axis of convergence 收敛轴axis of coordinate 坐标轴axis of curvature 曲率轴axis of ordinates 纵坐标轴axis of projection 射影轴axis of reals 实轴axis of revolution 回转轴axis of rotation 回转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axisymmetric 轴对称的axonometric perspective 轴测投影法axonometric projection 轴测投影法axonometry 轴测法azimuth 方位角azimuthal 方位角的b measurability b 可测性b measurable function 波莱尔可测函数babylonian numerals 巴比伦数字back substitution 逆计算backward difference 后向差分backward difference operator 后向差分算子backward difference quotient 后向差商backward solution 后向解法baire function 贝利函数baire measure 贝利测度baire set 贝利集baire space 贝利空间baire theorem 贝利定理balance 平衡balanced category 平衡范畴balanced functor 平衡函子balanced hypergraph 平衡超图balanced neighborhood 平衡邻域balanced sample 平衡样本balanced set 平衡集balancing method 平衡法balayage 扫除ball 球ballistic curve 弹道banach algebra 巴拿赫代数banach lie group 巴拿赫李群banach space 巴拿赫空间band 带band chart 带状图bar graph 条线图barrel 桶集barrel shape 桶型barrelled space 桶型空间barrier 闸barycenter 重心barycenter of a simplex 单形的重心barycentric 重心的barycentric complex 重心复形barycentric coordinates 重心坐标barycentric mapping 重心映射barycentric subdivision 重心重分base 底base angle 底角base line 底线base number 底数base of logarithms 对数的底base point 基点base register 基址寄存器变址寄存器base space 底空间base vector 基向量basic 基础的basic block 基本块basic field 基域basic form 基本形式basic point 基础点basic representation 基本表示basic ring 基环basic solution 基本解basic symbol 基本符号basic variable 基本变量basis 基basis for cohomology 上同爹basis for homology 同爹basis of linear space 线性空间的基basis of vector space 向量空间的基basis replacement procedure 基替换过程basis theorem of hilbert 希耳伯特基定理basis vector 基本向量batch processing 成批处理bayes decision function 贝叶斯判定函数bayes formula 贝叶斯公式bayes postulate 贝叶斯公设bayes solution 贝叶斯解beltrami equation 贝尔特拉米方程bending point 转向点bergman metric 伯格曼度量bernoulli equation 伯努利方程bernoulli inequality 伯努利不等式bernoulli method 伯努利法bernoulli number 伯努利数bernoulli polynomial 伯努利多项式bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bernoullian polynomial 伯努利多项式bernstein inequality 伯思斯坦不等式bernstein polynomial 伯思斯坦多项式bertrand curves 柏特龙曲线bertrand paradox 柏特龙悖论bessel equation 贝塞耳方程bessel function 贝塞耳函数bessel function of the second kind 第二类贝塞耳函数bessel function of the third kind 第三类贝塞耳函数bessel inequality 贝塞耳不等式bessel integral 贝塞耳积分best approximation 最佳逼近best estimator 最佳估计量best test 最佳检验best uniform approximation 最佳一致逼近beta distribution 分布beta function 函数betti group 贝蒂群betti number 贝蒂数between group variance 群间方差biadditive 双加法的biangular 双角的bias 偏倚biased estimator 有偏估计量biased sample 有偏样本biased statistics 有偏统计量biased test 有偏检验biaxial 双轴的biaxial spherical harmonic function 双轴球面低函数bicartesian square 双笛卡儿方bicharacteristic 双特征bicompact 紧bicompact set 紧集bicompact space 列紧空间bicompact transformation group 列紧变换群bicompactification 紧化bicomplex 二重复形bicomplex function 二重复形函数biconcave 两面凹的biconditional 等价biconnected space 双连通空间bicontinuous function 双连续函数bicontinuously differentiable 双连续可微bicylinder 双圆柱bidimensional 二维的bidimensionality 二维性bidual banach space 双对偶巴拿赫空间bifunctor 二变项函子bifurcation point 歧点bifurcation theory 分歧理论bigraded group 双重分次群bigraded module 双重分次模biharmonic 双低的biharmonic equation 双低方程biharmonic function 双低函数biholomorphic 双全纯的biholomorphic function 双正则函数biholomorphic mapping 双正则映射bihomomorphism 双同态bijection 双射bijective mapping 双射bijectivity 双射性bilateral 两面的bilateral derivative 双侧导数bilateral laplace transform 双侧拉普拉斯变换bilaterally bounded sequence 双侧有界序列bilinear 双线性的bilinear form 双线性形式bilinear functional 双线性泛函bilinear integral form 双线性积分型bilinear mapping 双线性映射bilinear programming 双线性规划bilinear relation 双线性关系bilinear system 双线性系bilinear transformation 双线性变换bilinearity 双线性bimatrix game 双矩阵对策bimodal distribution 双峰分布bimodule 双模binary 二元的binary arithmetic 二进制算术binary code 二进制吗binary coded decimal notation 二进制编码的十进记数法binary coded decimal system 二进制编码的十进制binary coding 二进制编码binary digit 二进制数字binary digital computer 二进制数字计算机binary element 双态元件binary number 二进制数binary number system 二进制数系binary operation 二元运算binary point 二进制小数点binary relation 二元关系binary system 二进制的binary translation 二进制变换bind 连结binomial 二项式binomial coefficient 二项式系数binomial differential 二项式微分binomial differential equation 二项微分方程binomial distribution 二项分布binomial equation 二项方程binomial expansion 二项展开式binomial integral 二项式积分binomial probability paper 二项式概率纸binomial series 二项级数binomial surd 二项不尽根binomial test 二项检验binomial theorem 二项式定理binormal 副法线binormal space 副法线空间binormal vector 副法线向量biodemography 生物人口统计学biomathematic 生物数学的biomathematics 生物数学biomechanics 生物力学biometrics 生物统计学biometrika 生物统计学biophysics 生物物理学biorthogonal system 双正交系biorthonormal expansion 双标准正交展开biorthonormalization 双标准正交化bipartite cubic 双枝三次曲线bipartite graph 偶图。
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- Minus, negative
Example: 6-2 read as six minus two
± Plus or minus, Positive or negative
大家好
Example: x 3, read as x equals plus or minus 3
Multiplied by, times
AB A is contained in B or A is a subset of B AB A contains B or B is a subset o大f家A好 A I B A cap B or A meet B or A intersection B
A U B A cup B or A join B or A union B
Example: 5 6 read as 5 times 6 or 5 multiplied by 6
, Over or is to or divided by
Example: 3 read as 3 over 4, three quarters,
4
4 3 divided by 4
: Proportion
Example: 1 : 2 read as the ratio of 1 to 2
0 0
Percent, Per cent
Example: 2 0 0 read as 2 Percent
‰ Permille, per mille
Example: 5 ‰ read as 5 per mille
2. Basic signs of relationships 大家好
Be equal to, equals
Be identical with/to, be equivalent to
Example: c 5 read as c is identical with (to) 5,
c is equivalent to 5
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Be not equal to
Example: cda0c plus d times a is not equals to 0
大家好
Integers(Z)
Fractions(F)
Natural numbers(N), Zero, Negatives of Natural Numbers
Notice: Reading of Integers
one, ten, hundred, thousand,
ten thousand, hundred thousand, million.
. Writing skills of mathematical and other scientific articles
. Translating skills of mathematical articles:both translation from Chinese to English and En大g家l好ish to Chinese
,
大家好
Be less than or equal to, be greater than or equal to
Example:3x8x is greater than or equal to minus 3
and less than or equal to 8
= , ? Be far less than, be far greater than
Be approximately equal to
Example: 3 0 .4 2 9 3 divided by 7 is approximately
7
Equal to zero point four two nine
, Be less than, be greater than
Example: ab,cd a is less than b, c is greater than d
33
Ten million, hundred million, billion···
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Expressions of some basic mathematical signs:
1. General signs of operation
+ Plus, positive Example: 2+3 read as two plus three
Example: c ? 6 c is far greater than minus 6
66
x A x belongs to A
x is an element (or a member) of A
x A x does not belong to A
x is not an element (or a member) of A
The set of numbers consists of real numbers and pure imaginary numbers shown as follows
Complex numbers(C)
Pure imaginary numbers(I)
Real numbers(R)
Rational numbers(Q) Irrational numbers(Q´)
A \ B A minus B or
the difference between A and B
7
6
* Reading, writing and translation of mathematical materials should be brife, simple, exact and easy to be understood
22
Some English expressions of numbers:
MATHEMATICAL ENGLISH
大家好
Mathematical English， School of Appl. Math.
Aim of the Course:
Expected progress in the following aspects:
. Reading skills of the original mathematical articles and books