大学英语教材练习答案

第三部分：模拟测试Model Test 1Section A11. W: I’m a little worried about Jill. She’s got a bad cold yet she insists on practicing every day. M: I know. I really think she should take it easy until she’s over it.Q: What does the man suggest Jill do?12. W: Is there anything I can do for you?M: Well, I’d like to buy some socks and a whit shirt with short sleeves, please.Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?13. M: Your hair looks lovely. Did you style it yourself?W: I wish I ha d, but I can’t do it this way. My neighbor gave me the name of a new salon.Q: Who fixed the woman’s hair?14. M: I think I’ll add that information to my paper.W: You really should check it out in your reference book before you publish your paper.Q: What does the woman imply?15. W: Have you made any plans yet for summer vacation, Brad?M: Not really. What I’d like to be able to do is to find a decent job.Q: What does Brad mean?16. W: I love your new sofa. But why don’t you put it over there under the window?M: Oh, but the plants are doing well on the table there.Q: What does the man imply?17. W: The drama club is holding auditions for their annual play--- it’s a musical. What do you think?M: To tell you the truth, I don’t really act or sing, but th anks for thinking of me.Q: What does the man mean?18. W: These family reunions are complicated. Could you pick Mark up from the airport? I’m on a tight schedule today.M: OK, but then let’s switch. I’m supposed to pick Sarah up tomorrow.Q: What does the woman mean?Conversation OneM: How do you do, Miss Brown? Do you mind if I ask you some questions about your job?W: Of course not. Go ahead.M: You’ve been working in a university before, haven’t you?W: Yes, in Britain, yes.M: What, em, how do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?W: Well, most universities have a Careers Advice Service. I used to know the people in the Careers Service in Newcastle University and they, in fact, seem fairly successful in finding jobs for students. They are able to get jobs for 30%-40% of new graduates.M: That seems a fairly low percentage.W: Em…well…it’s not if you consider the various other options which people take up. For example, there are a fair number of people who go into further study, who carry straight on into master’s degree. So that’s a fair chunk. Then there are others, a second group of people who decide not to take a career job immediately after university. Instead, they decide to take time off, maybe see the world. And there is a third gro up, those people who can’t actually get the jobs they want immediately, and who may take something else in the meanwhile, while tey wait for a job they really want. So when I say 30%-40% find jobs through the Careers Service, that doesn’t mean that only that number find job. A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.M: So it is quite high really, yes?W: Oh, I think so, relatively, yes.Conversation TwoM: Susan, I could really need your help this weekend.W: What is it, John? Another term paper?M: No, no. This is easy compared with that. My cousin is coming on Thursday. She has an interview at the college and I promised my aunt I would look after her. We are going to the game on Friday, but Saturday I’m on duty at the library all day and can’t get out of it. Uh, I was wondering if you could show her around during the day and maybe we can all meet for dinner later.W: Sure. I don’t have any plans. What kind of things does she like to do?M: Actually I haven’t seen her for three years. She lives so far away. But this will be her first time on a college campus. She is still in high school, so she’d probably enjoy anything on campus.W: Well, there is a music festival in the auditorium. That’s a possibility. Only I hope it doesn’t snow. They are predicting 6 to 8 inches for the weekend. Everything will be closed down then. M: Well, I’ll plan on dropping her off at your place on the way to work, around eleven. But if there is a blizzard, I’ll give you a call and see if we can figure something else o ut.W: Sounds good. Meantime I’ll keep Saturday open. We can touch base Friday night when we have a better idea of the forecast.M: I hope this works out. I feel kind of responsibility. She won’t know the way around, and I want her to have a good time. Anyway I really appreciate your help. I owe you one.W: No problem.Section BPassage OneIn the UK, a group of campaigners have declared the last Saturday in November as National Buy Nothing Day. “Our message is clear, shop less, live more!”says organizer Michael Smith. “The challenge is to try simple living for a day: Spend time with family and friends, rather than spend money on them. Anyone can take part, provided they spend a day without buying anything.”On Buy Nothing Day, activists walk to the streets to tackle consumers. They dress as pigs to symbolize greed. They offer to cut up credit cards and hand out shopping bags with the words “another useless thing I don’t need” written on the side. Some hold street parties to show shoppers that it is possible to have fun without spending money. Others go into shops and put notes saying “don’t buy me ” inside clothes and shoes.The protesters are working against powerful forces. Many retailers and manufacturers depend on Christmas sales for most of their profits.“There’s a fun side to this,” says Michael Smith, “To some people it’s a protest, but it’s also a street party. We’re not saying that people are bad because they go shopping, but we want to get the message across for people to consume wisely. An d after we’ve finished, we’ll probably go for a drink”.Passage TwoDepression can strike anyone regardless of age, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, or gender; however, large-scale studies have found that depression is about twice as common in women as in men. In the United States, researchers estimate that in any given one-year period,depressive illnesses affect 12 percent of women(more than 20 million women) and nearly 7 percent of men(more than six million men). But important questions remain to be answered about the causes underlying this gender difference. Is depression truly less common among men, or are men just less likely than women to recognize, acknowledge, and seek help for depression?In focus groups conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH for short) to assess depression awareness, men described their own symptoms of depression without realizing that they were depressed. Notably, many were unaware that “physical”symptoms, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain, can be associated with depression. In addition, they expressed concern about seeing a mental health professional or going to a mental health clinic, thinking that people would find out and that this might have a negative impact on their job security, promotion potential, or health insurance benefits. They feared that being labeled with a diagnosis of mental illness would cost them the respect of their family and friends, or their standing in the community.Passage ThreeThe first postal service in North America began in New England in the 17th century. All mail arriving in Massachusetts colony was sent to the home of an appointed official in Boston. In turn, he would deliver the mail from Boston on horseback to its destination, receiving one penny for each good article of mail. Later in the century, postal services were established between Philadelphia and Delaware. In 1691, the British crown appointed the first postmaster general to have change of the mail for all the colonies in North America. Later, Benjamin Franklin served as the postmaster general for the British government and then was made postmaster by the newly formed United States government. Franklin was responsible for establishing the United States postal system on a permanent basis. He increased the number of post offices. Introduced the use of stagecoaches to carry mail, and started a package service system. Later, in the 19th century, as railroads and steam boats appeared, they were used to carry mail into the towns. Some communities, especially those out west, were far from the services of transportation. To serve them, the post office developed a system called “star routes”. Private contractors paid to deliver mail to the communities from railways by horse and wagon. The postal service, which was started over three centuries ago has developed into an extensive government service with post offices in every city, town, and village in the United State.Section CShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and (36) self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are (37) constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing (38)unattractive clothes?It is (39)obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person’s self-concept is (40)reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s (41)reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a (42)profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it (43)confirms their inferiority. (44)they also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: “you’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” (45) It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, (46) it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. People’s ex pectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.Model Test 2Section A11. M: I’ve been practicing that song all week, but I’m still afraid of standing in front of such a large audience.W: Just act a s if they are all your friends and you’ll be fine.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?12. W: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet?M: That reminds me. I’ve been meaning to exchange it for a larger size.Q: what does the man imply about the shirt?13. W:Monty, are you doing anything special for your presentation in political science tomorrow?M: Not really, because the class often turns into discussion. I’ve decided to play it by ear.Q: What does Monty plan to do?14. W: Could you show me how to use this, John?M: It is fully automatic. All you have to do is to focus on the scene and press the button here.Q: What are they talking about?15. M: I want a fairly ordinary one, but I’d like a disk and a color monitor.W: Fine. How about t his one? It’s compatible with most other machines. Let me just explain how it works.Q: What is the man doing?1 6. M: Hello, Mary. This is Peter. It’s such a nice day that I thought we might go to the zoo.W: I wish you had called me earlier. I’ve just m ade plans to play tennis.Q: What do you think the woman will do?17. M:I don’t know what I have done that makes Bob so mad at me!W: Me neither, but he’s likely to stay that way until you say you’re sorry.Q: What does the woman mean?18. M: All these boo ks are very interesting and instructive, but I don’t know which one suits me best for my course.W: What about this one? It’s said to be the best seller in this field.Q: what do we learn from the conversation.Conversation oneM: How are you today, Mary?W: I think you’ve been knocking yourself out day and night on that research project. And I’m happy that you had finally handed in your report on tourism yesterday. You really could do with a rest. well, is there anything I can do for you now?W: Yes, there is. Actually, it’s very cold here. Would you mind turning the air-conditioner off and opening the window?M: Not at all…there we are. Do you feel hungry? Shall I make you something to eat?W: No, thanks. But I do feel quite thirsty. Could you bring me some water, please?M: Sure. Anything else?W: Well, there are a couple of things that I have to do today. But I don’t really want to go outside.M: No, you should stay in bed. I’ll do them for you. What are they?W: The book I borrowed from the library has to go back today, and I was going to post the letters I wrote yesterday.M: Don’t worry, I’ll take the books back to the library, and post the letters on the way.W: That’s vey kind of you, John.M: Can I get you anything from outside?W: Well, a newspaper would be nice, and some magazines. If I’m going to be in bed all day, I’d like to have something to read.M: OK, I’ll pick those up for you on the way back from the library. Meanwhile, why don’t you try to get some sleep?W: Yes, I will. Thanks, John.Conversation TwoW: Hello, Ultimate Computer. May I help you?M: Yes, this is Jack Kordell from Hunter’s office supplies. May I speak to Elaine Strong, please? W: I’m sorry, but she’s not in right now.M: Okay, do you know when she’ll be back?W: Uh, yes, she should be here later this afternoon, maybe about 4:30. May I take a message? M: Yes. Ms. Strong sent me a brochure detailing your newest line of laptop computers with a description of other software product, but there wasn’t any information about after-sales service. W: Oh, I’m sorry. Would you like me to fax that to you?M: Yes, but our fax is being repaired at the moment, and it won’t be working until around 2:30. Hum…could you try sending that information around 3:30? That should give me time to look o ver the material before I call Ms. Strong, say, around 5:00.W: Sure. Could I have our name, telephone number, and fax number, please?M: Yes, Jack Kordell and the phone number is 560-1287. And the fax number is 560-1288.W: Okay. Jack Kordell. Is your name spelled C-o-r-d-e-l?M: No. It’s Kordell with a “K” and two “I”s. “K-o-r-d-e-l-l.”W: All right, Mr. Kordell. And your phone number is 560-1287, and the fax number is 560-1288. Is that correct?M: Yes it is.W: All right. I’ll be sure to send you the fa x this afternoon.M: Okay, bye.Section BPassage OneThere are so many things going on in our modern lives, and change happens so quickly. It is hard to imagine a time when things were slower and you could really see a new thing come into your life and to remember the day or the year when those things happened. I know that today, for example, there are many instances of second and third generations of things, such as televisions or radios, when some of us were not even aware that there was a first generation.A friend of mine was born at the end the 19th century, and talking to her. I really got a sense of her being a living history book, of being able to talk about the changes in her own life and to know that these changes were really the changes that society was going through.She get really excited, for example, when she talks about the first time she ever saw a camera, and even more excited when she saw herself in the picture that the photographer took. She lived in a small town, and at the time that she was very young, there were no cars or trains in her town at all. As she grew up, cars and trains came in, and she remembers her first ride with a real sense of amazement that anyone could move so fast.Passage TwoAre you afraid to raise your hand in class even when you know the answer? If you are, most people would say that you are shy. If you feel shy, you are not alone. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn’t your fault. You may have been born that way. How do psychologists measure shyness? One way is by observation. They keep detailed records of people’s actions, like how often these people speak to others or how long it takes them to say hello to a stranger. Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like: “Do you like going out a lot?”and “Do you have many friends?”people must answer either yes or no. these questions can predict how people actually behave in social situations. Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy, chances are good that person will act shy. When scientists measure shyness, they are really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words, when researchers say people are shy,they really mean they are shyer than others.Passage ThreeOn may 29, 1973, Thomas Bradley, a black man, was elected mayor of Los Angeles. Los Angeles was the third largest city in the United State, with a population of three million. About sixteen p ercent of the city’s population was black. News of this election appeared on the front pages of newspapers everywhere in the united States.Bradley called his victory “the fulfillment of a dream”. During his childhood and youth, people had kept telling him, “You can’t do this and you can’t go there because you’re a Negro.” Nevertheless he had won a decisive victory over a man who had been the city’s mayor for three terms. Bradley had won 56.3 percent of the votes.Los Angeles voters had many opportunities to judge Thomas Bradley and to form an opinion of him. He was the son of a poor farmer from Texas, and joined the Los Angeles police force in 1940. During his twenty-one years on the police force, he earned a law degree by attending school at night. In Los Angeles, thousands of white citizens voted for Thomas Bradley because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate.Section CAs a result of (36)rising_ university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement services put together a listing of what is (37)available locally. For some students these part-time jobs could lead to full-time work after graduation as they may offer (38)experience in their own fields, be that finance, marketing, or even (39)management. For example, National Savings Bank offers work on a half time (40)basis: that's twenty hours a week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions (41)requiring fewer hours, even less time as (42)expected of those providing child care. We have a number of families (43)registered registered with us who were looking for baby sitters for as few as four hours a week. (44) For students who prefer outdoor work, there are seasonal positions right on campus working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. (45)To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office .Oh, and be sure to bring a resume with you. (46)when you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touchwith the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about successful interviewing.Model Test 3Section A11. M: Welcome back. How was your vacation?W: Just fine. We had only one good as far as the weather was concerned. But the hotel was beautiful, and I’ve never known friendlier people.Q: What does the woman imply?12 M: What do you think of the plan to build an atomic power station in this village?W: I have a strong objection to the idea. It will ruin the village. And in any case I don’t think it’s necessary.Q: What is the man’s attitude to the plan?13 M: Prof. Smith sure was acting strange today.W: I noticed that too. She was talking so quietly and then not giving us any homework. Can you believe that?Q: What can be inferred about Prof. Smith?14 M: Let’s go to the dance at the student center on Friday.W: I’d like to, but I’m going to a lecture. Tha nks for asking me though.Q: What is the man going to do on Friday?15 M: Bill has only been on the job a week and already he’s acting like he is the bossW: He’s not going to last long with that attitudeQ: What does the woman imply?16 M: I’d better read one of the articles for our political science classW: you can’t read just one. They say each presents a different theoryQ: What does the woman tell the man to do?17 M: thanks for picking up those groceries for me. How much do I owe you?W: we’re even. You paid for the concert tickets last week, remember?Q: what does the man imply?18 M: Are you sure this is the right way to the main auditorium? I can’t afford to be late.W: oh, that won’t happen. We’ll be there in no timeQ: What does the man mean?Conversation OneW: did we get a new assignment for next weekM: Yeah. A really interesting one, actually. We’re supposed to write a short story that has some sort of limitation or, or, constraints imposed on it.W: What do you mean? Like rhyming in a Poem?M: Well, that’s the idea. But what we write has to be prose, as post poetry. Just making a rhyme would be too easy, I guess. I think Prof. really wants to challenge ourselves, to put our creativity to the test.W: Well, did she give any sort of hints about what she has in mind?M: No really, but I may have an idea the kind of thing she’s looking for. I just finished reading a really strange book by some French guy. He wrote a whole thing without ever using a letter e. W: A whole book without a single e? How’s that possible? But, wait a minute. I didn’t know u could read French.M: I can’t. I read the English translation. But get this. There’s not one e in that either.W: No way. Think of the words u couldn’t use.M: I know, but that translator manages it. I got the book at home if you want to check out for yourself. What’s really amazing to me is that leaving out the e in English has got to involve a complete different group of words and ending than in French. It’s really mind-boggling.W: Sometime you have to show me that book. But right now I better get going the writing for next week. I have already had a couple of ideas thanks to you. And I think I just might be able to work on it meant to something interestingConversation TwoW: What do you want to do tonight?M: How about going to the movies? I should be home from work at 5∶20. Then we can go out and eat and then to the movies.W: What do you want to see?M: Let's see the ad in the newspaper.W: It starts at 6∶30. I don't think we can get there in time to see the beginning.How about the oneat the New State Cinema? That starts at 7∶00.M: I don't like Tom Cruise.W: Well there's one with Zeta Jones and Tom Hanks that starts at 6∶50. Maybe we can go to that. M: I've already seen it.Maybe we should just stay home and watch TV.W: There's a Julia Roberts movie on TV.How does that sound?M: Yeah, let's just stay home and watch that. Then we can go out Friday night.W: Did you forget that Allan and Catherine are coming to dinner that night? In addition we probably couldn't get a baby-sitter Friday. There's a school dance.M: OK.I hope Saturday is all right.Do we have anything planned for then?W: No,Saturday is fine. And there's a good movie starting on Saturday too.M: Good. I'm going to go bowling Saturday morning but I'll be home by 2∶00 p.m. Then we can go out for a big dinner and to the movies, if nothing else comes up.W: I'm sure we'll be able to. It's so nice to share the wonderful romantic movie with my darling. M: It's the same to me. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section BPassage OneTo us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun! Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use; it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Age, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrella began to be made, i n a whole variety of colors.Passage TwoWhat is the sky? Where is it? How high is it? What lies above the sky? I am sure that you have asked these questions. They are very difficult to answer, aren’t they?If someone asked you, "what color is the sky?" I expect that you would answer, "Blue." I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air.Is the sky full of air? I am sure you have asked this question, too. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air.Perhaps we can answer some of your questions now. What is the sky? Nothing. Where is it? It is around the world. The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and all stars.Passage ThreeThe Gobi Desert in Asia is one of the largest desert areas in the world. It stretches across most of Mongolia and the north of China. It is shut in by mountains to the north, south and west. In summer, it is very hot during the day, but at night the temperature falls steeply. In winter, it is very cold and there are snowstorms.There is very little water in the Gobi Desert. It rains very little and there are just a few streams and no big rivers at all. Most of the area is bare rock. In summer, a little coarse grass and some thorny bushes grow there. In some places, there is just enough grass to feed a few sheep, horses and camels. About 1,300 years ago, a young Chinese traveler set out to cross the desert. His name was Hsuan-Tsang and he was just 19 years old. His friends and the guide all turned back. They did not want to risk crossing the desert. So Hsuan-Tsang went on alone. He rode a horse which had crossed the desert many times before. Hsuan-Tsang tried to follow the tracks of camels and other animals. He was in danger of losing his way. Several times he nearly died of thirst. Once he went for five days without water before he was saved by a suddenshower. Once, he was saved by his horse. It refused to go the way Hsuan-Tsang wanted and took him to a pool of water. Sixteen years later, Hsuan-Tsang went back to China across the desert.Section CApril Fool's Day in the United States is not an(36) important American holiday like the Fourth of July or Labor Day. It is not (37)observed by schools or the government. It is just a day when people play tricks on each other.History(38) experts say people have been doing this for a long time. They also say it is difficult to know how it began.Some(39) believe the tradition comes from the(40) ancient Romans more than two thousand years ago. Others say the day for fooling began in France in fifteen sixty-four when King Charles changed the yearly (41)calendar. He moved New Year's Day from April first to January first. Many people did not know about the change because of the(42) communications problems in those days. Others knew about the change, but(43) refused to accept it. (44) So some people continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April first. Other people called them April Fools and played jokes on them. This tradition later spread to other countries like Britain. The early settlers from Britain brought April fooling to the American colonies.Americans today still play tricks on each other on April Fool's Day. (45)Children might put signs on the backs of their friends that say "kick me" or "hit me." They might tell their friends that school has been cancelled. (46)Or they might go to a house, ring the doorbell, run away, then yell "April Fool's!" when the homeowner comes to the door.Model Test 4Section A11. W: So, I can’t quite decide what to do with this term paper: use mostly my own ideas, or write most of it from other sources. What do you think?M: If I were you, I’d try to make it 50-50Q: what does the man suggest the woman do?12 W: why do you choose this particular newspaper to read?M: It has an excellent coverage of news both domestic and foreign. Its reports are serious. It’s really catching on。