人教版英语必修一重难点解析5.4课

Section ⅣGrammar —定语从句(Ⅱ)

[新知导引]

1．(教材P34)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

2．(教材P34)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

3．(教材P34)He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.

4．(教材P34)The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.

5．(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.

6．(教材P34)．.. until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

7．(教材P34)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.

8．(教材P34)．.. we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

[语法详解]

定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。

1．关系副词when引导的定语从句

when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。

①We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.

我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。

②He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.

他生活在一个盲人得不到教育的时期。

温馨提示：when是关系副词，在从句中只能作状语，而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which 或that，作宾语时常常省略关系代词。

Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?

你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语) Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the

farm?

你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)

2．关系副词where引导的定语从句

where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village等。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。

He is now working in the factory where his father worked.

现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。

温馨提示：(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时，不可用where来引导定语从句，若作主语或宾语时，应用which或that 来引导定语从句。

This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.

这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which/that，不用where)

The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.

我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)

(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point, situation, condition, stage和case等，且在从句中作状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。

We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem.

我们已到了必须面对这样一个问题的地步了。

It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。

3.关系副词why引导的定语从句

why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。

I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.