四大名著翻译
英语四六级翻译中国特色词汇
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英语四六级翻译中国特色词汇四大名著《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions经典作品《史记》 Historical Records《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers 《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety《孙子兵法》 The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio近现代佳作《围城》 Fortress Besieged《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q《吾国吾民》 My Country and My People《京华烟云》 Moment in Peking《骆驼祥子》 Rickshaw/James《茶馆》 Teahouse《边城》 The Border Town《倾城之恋》 Love in a Fallen City《十八春》 Eighteen Springs四书五经四书五经 The Four Books and The Five Classics1、四书 the Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Analects of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius/The Works of Mencius2、五经 The Five Classics《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals《诗经》 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes《易经》(《周易》) I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》 The Book of Rites《尚书》 (《书经》) The Books of History传统节日十二生肖the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日traditional holidays春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午节the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day天干地支阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet中国瑰宝习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonné文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper戏剧文化皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 秦腔 Shaanxi opera国粹术语生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shtick滑稽短剧 skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask汉语汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing文化遗产重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit艺术词汇文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies中国意念词(Chinesenesses) 八卦trigram 阴、阳yin, yang 道Dao(cf. logo) ’world) 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traitse.g. You can’t control everything in a traits人在江湖,身不由己) ’world. (人在江湖,身不由己道Daoism(Taoism) 上火excessive internal heat 儒学Confucianism 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology 世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done 伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情,顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派,乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post 脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴,乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信China Telecom 中国移动China Mobile 十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网Chinanet 三峡工程the Three Gorges Project 希望工程Project Hope京九铁路Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程Decent-Life Project安居工程Economy Housing Project 扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign 西部大开发Go-West Campaign 中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨wonton锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷steamed twisted rolls套餐set meal盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐rice tofu魔芋豆腐konjak tofu米粉rice noodles冰糖葫芦a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅chafing dish八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝glass noodles豆腐脑jellied bean curd中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival春节 Spring Festival元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children’s Day端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day五四青年节 Youth Day。
《西游记》原文与翻译
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《西游记》原文与翻译
《西游记》是中国古代四大名著之一,是一部具有浓厚民间传
说色彩的文学作品。
以下是《西游记》部分原文及其翻译:
- 原文:昔闻洞庭水,今上岳阳楼。
吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。
翻译:曾经听闻洞庭湖的水,今天登上岳阳楼。
吴楚在东南方
向分割,乾坤天地日夜循环。
- 原文:云无心云亦闲,日日松阴自满颜。
不知云外楼阁处,
何似南京近东南。
翻译:云没有心思,云也无所牵挂,每天都在松树的荫蔽下自
得其乐。
不知道云外有哪些楼阁,何如近南京的东南方。
- 原文:陶者何以观其春秋?舜者何以观其在天地之间也?观
其所以逐东而不逾东也。
翻译:陶渊明如何感慨自己的一生?舜帝如何看待自己在天地
之间的位置?看他们不沉溺于已经失去的东西而继续向前。
《西游记》是一部涵盖了丰富的文化内涵和故事情节的古代小说,其原文表达深邃,翻译需要准确传达原始意思。
以上是《西游记》的一些原文及其简要翻译。
阅读原文可以更好地欣赏其中的美妙之处,而翻译则使非中文读者更加了解其中的故事和文化。
注:本文中所有翻译仅供参考,因受原文语境、词义多义性等因素的影响,可能存在个别偏差。
六级翻译四大名著
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六级翻译四大名著第一套:《水浒传》( Water Margin)是中国文学四大经典小说之一。
这部小说基于历史人物宋江及其伙伴反抗封建帝王的故事,数百年来一直深受中国读者的喜爱。
笑而过毫不夸张地说,几乎每个中国人都熟悉小说中的一些主要人物。
这部小说中的精彩故事在茶馆、戏剧舞台、广播电视、电影屏幕和无数家庭中反复讲述。
事实上,这部小说的影响已经远远超出了国界。
越来越多的外国读者也感到这部小说里的故事生动感人趣味盎然。
【参考译文】Water Margin, one of the four classic novels in the Chinese literature, is based on the stories of the historical figures of Song Jiang and his partners, who rebelled against the feudal emperor, and has been popular among the Chinese readers for hundreds of years.It is no exaggeration to say that almost every single Chinese is familiar with some of the major characters in the book as its splendid stories are repeatedly told in tea houses, on theatrical stages, by radio and television, and on film screens.In fact, its influence has been far. beyond the national boundary as more and more foreign readers are touched and intrigued by the stories of the novel.第二套:《红楼梦》( Dream of the Red Chamber)是18世纪曹雪芹创作的一部小说。
四大名著的英语翻译题
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四大名著的英语翻译题六级翻译原文中国的四大名著(the Four Great Classical Novels)指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。
阅读四大名著,可以了解中国传统的社会、历史、地理、民俗和处世哲学。
大多数的中国人对这四部小说中的人物、情节和场景都很熟悉。
它们已经深深地影响了中国人的思想(mentality)、观念和价值观。
现在,四部小说都已被改编成电影或电视剧(TV series),受到很多观众的喜爱。
四大名著都具有很高的艺术水平,是中华民族的宝贵遗产,在中国文学史上也是一大创举。
六级参考翻译:The Four Great Classical Novels of China refer to thefour greatest and most influential novels written inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them canacquaint people with traditional Chinese society,history, geography, folk customs and philosophy oflife. Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. Theyhave profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people. Nowadays, thefour novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series, favored by lots of audiences.Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages ofChinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.英语四六级翻译中国特色词汇:四大名著《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions【三国演义翻译原文】《三国演义》写于14世纪,是中国著名的历史小说。
四大名著的英语翻译题
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中国古典长篇小说四大名著,简称四大名著(Four Great Classical Novels),是指《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》这四部巨著。
四大名著是中国文学史中的经典作品,是世界宝贵的文化遗产。
此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的,都有着极高的文学水平和艺术成就,细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道,其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。
可谓中国文学史上的四座伟大丰碑。
其常见英译名如下:《三国演义》----The Romance of the Three Kindoms《水浒传》----The Story by the Water Margin《红楼梦》----The Dream of the Red Chamber《西游记》----Journey to the West中国四大名著英文简介红楼梦 The Dream of the Red ChamberDream of the Red Chamber, also called The Story of the Stone, composed by Cao Xueqin, is one ofChina's Four Great Classical Novels. It was written sometime in the middle of the 18th century duringthe Qing Dynasty. Long considered a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generallyacknowledged to be the pinnacle of Chinese fiction. "Redology" is the field of study devoted exclusively tothis work.The title has also been translated as Red Chamber Dream and A Dream of Red Mansions. The novelcirculated in manuscript copies with various titles until its print publication, in 1791. Gao E, who preparedthe first and second printed editions with his partner Cheng Weiyuan in 1791–2, added 40 additionalchapters to complete the novel.Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, mirroring the rise and decline of author CaoXueqin's own family and, by extension, of the Qing Dynasty. As the author details in the first chapter, it isintended to be a memorial to the damsels he knew in his youth: friends, relatives and servants. The novel isremarkable not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope, but also for its precise anddetailed observation of the life and social structures typical of 18th-century Chinese society.Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹(d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉.With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Q ing China.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is setin the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinesehistory, starting in 169 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280.The story – part historical, part legend, and part mythical – romanticises and dramatises the lives of feudallords and their retainers, who tried to replace the dwindling Han dynasty or restore it. While the novelfollows hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the three power blocs that emerged from theremnants of the Han dynasty, and would eventually form the three states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and EasternWu. The novel deals with the plots, personal and military battles, intrigues, and struggles of these states toachieve dominance for almost 100 years.Romance of the Three Kingdoms is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chineseliterature; it has a total of 800,000 words and nearly a thousand dramatic characters (mostly historical) in120 chapters. The novel is among the most beloved works of literature in East Asia, and its literaryinfluence in the region has been compared to that of the works of Shakespeare on English literature. It isarguably the most widely read historical novel in late imperial and modern China.Romance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynast y where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, dueto widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated hissuperiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that hishabit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was outgathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empressof Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldestdaughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role ofmatchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her oldersister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdomsbiography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack therival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh / Water MarginWater Margin is a Chinese novel attributed to Shi Nai'an. Considered one of the Four Great ClassicalNovels ofChinese literature, the novel is written in vernacular Chinese rather than Classical Chinese.The story, set in the Song dynasty, tells of how a group of 108 outlaws gather at Mount Liang (orLiangshan Marsh) to form a sizable army before they are eventually granted amnesty by the governmentand sent on campaigns to resist foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces. It has introduced to readersmany of the best-known characters in Chinese literature, such as Wu Song, Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen.The novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings".晁盖平生仗义疏财,专爱结交天下好汉,闻名江湖。
四大名著六级翻译
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四大名著六级翻译《西游记》:Pilgrimage to the West(Journey to the West)《三国演义》:The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《红楼梦》:A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)《水浒传》:Heroes of the Marshes( Water Margin)请将下面这段话翻译成英文:中国的四大名著(the Four Great Classical Novels)指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。
阅读四大名著,可以了解中国传统的社会、历史、地理、民俗和处世哲学。
大多数的中国人对这四部小说中的人物、情节和场景都很熟悉。
它们已经深深地影响了中国人的思想(mentality)、观念和价值观。
现在,四部小说都已被改编成电影或电视剧(TV series),受到很多观众的喜爱。
四大名著都具有很高的艺术水平,是中华民族的宝贵遗产,在中国文学史上也是一大创举。
参考翻译:The Four Great Classical Novels of China refer to the four greatest and most influential novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them can acquaint people with traditional Chinese society, history, geography, folk customs and philosophy of life. Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people. Nowadays, the four novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series, favored by lots of audiences. Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages of Chinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.《红楼梦》(Dream of the Red Chamber)是18世纪曹雪芹创作的一部小说。
四大名著英文翻译
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四大名著英文翻译《红楼梦》:1、The Story of Stone《石头记》2、A Dream of Red Mansions/Chamber(红色大楼/房间的梦)3、The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl(牛郎和织女)《三国演义》:1、《Romantic of Three Kingdoms》——三个王国的罗曼史《水浒传》1、《一百零五个男人和三个女人的故事》2、《All Men Are Brothers:Blood of the Leopard》——四海之内皆兄弟:豹子的血3、美国女作家赛珍珠翻译《水浒》七十一回本,取名为《四海之内皆兄弟》4、《OUTLAWS IN THE MARSH》——沼泽地里的逃犯最早德文译名是《强盗与士兵》;法文译名是《中国的勇士们》;英文译本为《在河边发生的故事》《西游记》:Journey to the West(去西方旅游)Monkey / The Monkey King(猴王)还有其他的:1、《金瓶梅》译成法文,题目成了《热恋的少女·中国13世纪的爱情故事》2、《聊斋志异》的意大利文版译作《老虎作客》3、《赵氏孤儿》由法国文学家伏尔泰改写后易名为《中国孤儿》.译作,也有节译的.4、《警世通言》中的《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》,德莫朗译成《蒙辱的东方女性》,而英文译名则是《名妓》.5 、《聊斋志异》Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio(摄影棚里的寂寞传奇)6、《西厢记》The Western Chamber(向西边窗口)8、《醒世恒言》Stories to Awaken Men(觉醒者的故事)9、《喻世明言》Stories to Enlighten Men(开导者的故事)10、《警世通言》Stories to Warn Men (警告者的故事)11、《官场现形记》Exposure of the Official World(接触官方世界)12、《本草纲目》Outline of Herb Medicine(贺伯固医学概要)奇怪!13、《史记》 Records of the Historian(历史学家的纪录)14.《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror(以史为镜)。
四大名著英语简介
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The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the publication of four famous Chinese classics of literature:Romance of the Three Kingdoms<三国演义>,Water Margin<水浒传>,Journey to the West<西游记>,and Dream of the Red Mansions<红楼梦>。
They have been celebrated for centuries for their rich historical and cultural significance.Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guangzhong is recongnised as the earliest full-length Chinese novel. Based on history book and folk legends, the plot centres on the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei,Shu and Wu,and on the political, military,anf displomatic struggles during that period.One main theme the author wants to advocates is brotherhood<义气>。
The dialogues in the novel play an importanr role in revealing the character’s personalities. Liu Bei is portrayed as an ideal ruler who adheres to the benevolent politics(仁政).Zhuge liang is depicted as an outstanding statesman and a strategist whose foresight is godlike.With his wit his name has become a byword(代名词) for inexhaustible resourcefulness.Zhang Fei’s valiance(勇猛)and strighforwardness,Guan Yu’s loyalty,and Cao Cao’s cunning are also skillfully depicted.Water Margin by Shi Nai’an tells the story of the rebllion of the 108 heroes at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.It is the first novel to deal with the subject of peasant revolts in China.During the peasant uprising,the rebllious heroes execute justice in the name of Heaven bykilling the rich and relieving the poor(杀富济贫,替天行道).At the end of the novel,the rebels at Liangshan are defeated,and some,led by Song Jiang,accepted amnesty and surrendered (归顺)to the government. Journey to the West by Wu Cheng’en is an outstanding romanic work full of fantastic tales .It is generally recognised as a masterpiece about deities(神仙) and spirits .The novel tells of the Tang Dynasty monk,Xuan Zang,overcomeing 81 adcerities(苦难)and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India,assisted by his three disciples:Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Sha Seng.Dream of the Red Mansions bv Cao Xueqin reached the pinnacles(顶峰)of Chinese novels.The athor was born into a noble and powerful family,which was later reduced to poverty from extreme prosperity. His novel describes the prosperity and decline of a large feudal family.The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu.Instead of just telling the love story,it tapes the social origins of the tragedy through probing(探究)deeply into the character’s minds and complicated relationships. The characters Jia Baoyu,Lin Daiyu,Xue Baochai,Sister Feng,and Granny Liu have become artistic figurs of lasting charm.。
用英语介绍四大名著初二作文范文
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用英语介绍四大名著初二作文范文英文回答:The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese Literature.The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese Literature are a collection of four of the most beloved andinfluential works of Chinese literature. They are:1. Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三国演义) This novel, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is set in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD) and tells the story ofthe rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Shu, Wei, and Wu.2. Water Margin (水浒传) This novel, written by ShiNai'an in the 14th century, tells the story of a group of 108 outlaws who band together to fight against the corrupt government.3. Journey to the West (西游记) This novel, written byWu Cheng'en in the 16th century, tells the story of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang's journey to India to retrieve sacred Buddhist scriptures.4. Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦) This novel, written by Cao Xueqin in the 18th century, is set in the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) and tells the story of the rise and fall of the Jia family.These novels are considered to be some of the greatest works of Chinese literature and have been translated into dozens of languages. They have been adapted into numerous films, television shows, and operas, and continue to be enjoyed by readers around the world.中文回答:四大名著是中国文学中广受喜爱和影响深远的四部作品。
四大名著英文翻译
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四大名著英文翻译《红楼梦》:1、The Story of Stone《石头记》2、A Dream of Red Mansions/Chamber(红色大楼/房间的梦)3、The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl(牛郎和织女)《三国演义》:1、《Romantic of Three Kingdoms》——三个王国的罗曼史《水浒传》1、《一百零五个男人和三个女人的故事》2、《All Men Are Brothers:Blood of the Leopard》——四海之内皆兄弟:豹子的血3、美国女作家赛珍珠翻译《水浒》七十一回本,取名为《四海之内皆兄弟》4、《OUTLAWS IN THE MARSH》——沼泽地里的逃犯最早德文译名是《强盗与士兵》;法文译名是《中国的勇士们》;英文译本为《在河边发生的故事》《西游记》:Journey to the West(去西方旅游)Monkey / The Monkey King(猴王)还有其他的:1、《金瓶梅》译成法文,题目成了《热恋的少女·中国13世纪的爱情故事》2、《聊斋志异》的意大利文版译作《老虎作客》3、《赵氏孤儿》由法国文学家伏尔泰改写后易名为《中国孤儿》.译作,也有节译的.4、《警世通言》中的《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》,德莫朗译成《蒙辱的东方女性》,而英文译名则是《名妓》.5 、《聊斋志异》Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio(摄影棚里的寂寞传奇)6、《西厢记》The Western Chamber(向西边窗口)8、《醒世恒言》Stories to Awaken Men(觉醒者的故事)9、《喻世明言》Stories to Enlighten Men(开导者的故事)10、《警世通言》Stories to Warn Men (警告者的故事)11、《官场现形记》Exposure of the Official World(接触官方世界)12、《本草纲目》Outline of Herb Medicine(贺伯固医学概要)奇怪!13、《史记》 Records of the Historian(历史学家的纪录)14.《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror(以史为镜)。
四大名著六级翻译题
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是中国文学四大经典小说之一:is one of the Four Great Classic Novels in Chinese literature它被普遍认为是中国最伟大的小说: It is widely recognized as the greatest Chinese novel中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部: the most influential one among the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature 创作背景。
基于历史人物宋江……的故事:It is based on the story of the historical figure Song Jiang …基于自己痛苦的个人经历:based on his own painful life experience情节。
讲述了贾宝玉和林黛玉之间的悲剧性爱情故事: The writer told a love tragedy …描述了四个贵族世家兴衰的历程: The novel describes in detail the rise and fall of …描绘了著名僧侣玄奘前往印度取经的艰难历程: This novel depicts the suffering journey of…人物。
有大约30个主要人物: There are about 30 main characters…每个人物都刻画得栩栩如生,具有鲜明的个性: each vividly portrayed with distinct personalities受欢迎程度。
一直深受中国读者的喜爱: The story has been very popular among Chinese readers几乎每个中国人都熟悉: nearly every Chinese can recognize some of the main characters故事几乎为每个中国孩子所熟知: the stories are familiar to virtually every Chinese kid①《三国演义》(The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)是中国一部著名的历史小说,写于十四世纪。
四大名著六级翻译
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《西游记》01《西游记》是吴承恩写的一部神话小说(mythological novel),讲述的是唐僧在三个徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧的保护下去西天取经(to find the Buddhist scripture )的故事。
一路上,唐僧经常被妖怪(demon )捉走,性命垂危,因为它们相信吃了他的肉就可以长生不老,因而他的三个徒弟总要一次又一次地解救他。
在历经了九九81难之后,他们终于取得了真经,修炼成佛。
1986年,这部小说被改编为电视剧,受到了广大观众的喜爱。
参考译文:Journey to the Westis a mythological novel written by Wu Cheng'en which tells a story about Tangseng—the Master, who went to the West to find the Buddhist scripture under the protection of his three disciples- Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy.During the journey, Tangseng is often captured and has his life threatened, because the demons who capture him believe that if they eat Tangseng they can attain immortality. As a result, his three disciples always have to save him time and again.After experiencing 81 difficulties, the four obtain the true scripture and become Buddha. In 1986,the novel was adapted into a TV series, which was very popular among the massive audience.难点点拨:1.徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧:有固定的译法,分别为Monkey King,Pigsy和Sandy。
四大名著外文译名副本
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四大名著的外文译名(一)我国文学史上的“四大名著”,包括:元末明初施耐庵的《水浒传》、明初罗贯中的《三国演义》、明代吴承恩的《西游记》、清代曹雪芹的《红楼梦》。
这四部古典长篇小说,是我国古代小说的巅峰之作,其对中国文学乃至文化的影响非常深远。
四大名著影响国人的同时,也逐渐走出国门。
通过翻译,四大名著被更多的人所了解和喜爱。
那么,它们在其它国家中叫什么名字呢?这或多或少会让人好奇。
1.《水浒传》《水浒传》成书于元末明初,17世纪时就已经传入朝鲜半岛和日本。
在江户时代的日本,《水浒传》的日文译本已经有十多种。
由于日文和汉语具有亲缘关系,所以书的名字没有变,仍是沿袭中国的书名。
后来,《水浒传》有了英文、法文、德文、意大利文等版本,书名开始变得千奇百怪。
英文版的题目有:《Outlaws of the Marsh》(沼泽里的歹徒/ 法外人),附带地说一说,英文语境中最著名的法外人可能就是罗宾汉,而中国很多读者也认为《罗宾汉》是中国的《水浒传》;《All Men are Brothers——Blood of the Leopard》(四海之内皆兄弟——猎豹的血),这是上个世纪30年代赛珍珠翻译《水浒传》时译的书名,虽然有点长,但译出了“聚义”的意思,“猎豹”点出了梁山好汉的不驯服不合作(不包括后来的接受招安),“血”则直接赋予了《水浒传》悲剧的意味——虽然很多读者不认为《水浒传》是一部悲剧;另有一个译成《Water Margin》,直译,优点当然是直白了,不过味道却不是很够。
其它文本的译名也很有意思。
在法文中,《水浒传》被译作《中国的勇士》或《沼泽地区的英雄们》,另有一个比较搞笑,居然是《一百零五个男人和三个女人在山上的故事》;德文译名则有点牵强,曰《强盗与士兵》。
另外还有一些节译本的名字则与现在的知音体差不多,如德人节译潘金莲和武大郎的章节成书,书名叫《卖大饼的武大郎和不忠实妇人的故事》,节译“智取生辰纲”则起名《强盗设置的圈套》,可谓耸人听闻。
文学文化相关的汉译英作品
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文学文化相关的汉译英作品在文学文化领域中,有许多汉译英作品,涵盖了不同时期和不同体裁的作品。
下面我将从不同角度介绍一些代表性的汉译英作品。
1. 古典文学:《红楼梦》(Dream of the Red Chamber),这是中国古代四大名著之一,由高鹗翻译成英文。
它描绘了贾宝玉和林黛玉之间的爱情悲剧,展示了封建社会的荣辱兴衰。
《诗经》(The Book of Songs),由Arthur Waley翻译成英文,是中国最早的诗歌总集,反映了古代社会的风俗民情和人们的情感体验。
2. 现代文学:《茶馆》(Teahouse),由郭沫若翻译成英文,是中国现代剧作家老舍的代表作之一,通过一个茶馆的故事,展现了中国社会的变迁和人民的命运。
《家》(Family),由Pearl S. Buck翻译成英文,是中国作家巴金的自传体小说,描述了一个普通农民家庭的生活和命运,揭示了封建社会的残酷和个人的奋斗。
3. 当代文学:《活着》(To Live),由Michael Berry翻译成英文,是中国作家余华的作品,讲述了一个普通农民的一生,反映了中国社会的动荡和人民的坚韧生活态度。
《白夜行》(Journey Under the Midnight Sun),由Mark Ealey翻译成英文,是日本作家东野圭吾的作品,描绘了两个人命运交织的故事,探讨了人性的复杂和社会的黑暗面。
4. 诗歌:李白的诗歌,许多李白的诗歌被翻译成英文,如《静夜思》(Quiet Night Thoughts)、《将进酒》(Bring in the Wine)等,展现了李白豪放的诗意和对自然的热爱。
骆宾王的诗歌,骆宾王的一些诗歌也被翻译成英文,如《登鹳雀楼》(Ascending the Stork Tower),表达了他对壮丽景色和人生哲理的思考。
这些作品通过汉译英的方式,将中国文学文化的精髓传递给了全世界的读者。
它们不仅展示了中国古代和现代社会的特点,还传达了人类共同的情感和价值观。
实用英语 “四大名著”翻译成英语应该怎么说?
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实用英语| “四大名著”翻译成英语应该怎么说?四大名著算得上是国内文学的宝贵财产相信广为人知的还是《西游记》陪着不少人度过了童年认孙悟空为大英雄那么今天我们就来说说有关四大名著的英文The Journey to the West《西游记》算是一个比较直白的翻译了“西边的旅程”journey /ˈdʒɜ:ni/ n.旅行,旅程主要是指时间较长,距离较远的旅程例如:They went on a long train journeyacross India.他们乘火车做了一次横跨印度的长途旅行trip /trɪp/ n.旅行主要是指短途旅行强调目的地和出行原因例如:His new job requiresfrequent trips to Shanghai.他的新工作需要他经常去上海tour /tʊə(r)/ n.旅游,观光这个单词的理解更加偏向于观光游览走访多个地点,距离可长可短例如:They’re going on a world tour.他们正在环游世界A Dream in Red Mansions《红楼梦》Mansion /ˈmænʃn/ n.公馆,豪宅,大厦这里提到的mansion指的就是荣国府吧众所周知《红楼梦》又称为《石头记》所以还可以翻译为The Story of the Stone《石头记》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》romance /rəʊˈmæns/ n.爱情故事,浪漫嗯?好像往奇怪的方向发展了除了爱情故事romance还表示“传奇故事”例如:The figure comes froma medieval romance.这个任务来自中世纪的传奇故事所以romance作为传奇故事的意思尤其指旧时创作或以古代为背景的传奇故事另外还要注意故事类型的区别fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ 小说指的是人物和情节都是虚构的文学作品例如:She is a popular writerof science fiction.她是一位很受欢迎的科幻小说家fable /ˈfeɪbl/ 寓言故事指的就是短篇的,旨在教育的传统寓言故事例如:This is a fable abouta dog and a mouse.这是一个关于狗和老鼠的寓言故事story /ˈstɔːri/ 故事这个单词指的则是娱乐大众的叙事性文学作品例如:This novel is based on a true story.这部小说是根据真实故事而写的Water Margin《水浒传》Margin/ˈmɑːdʒɪn/页边空白,余量例如:wide margin 大幅度这其实算是直译表示“水边空白”即使“水浒”美国女作家还曾将《水浒传》翻译成All Men Are Brothers意为“四海之内皆兄弟”四大名著在我国的文学长河中可谓是有着浓墨重彩的一笔文学创作也是没有边界的英文版的四大名著更意味着文化的交流。
四大名著英语翻译
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四大名著英语翻译The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, widely known as the Four Masterpieces of Chinese literature, refer to four iconic works that have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and literature. These four novels are "Journey to the West," "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," "Water Margin," and "Dream of the Red Chamber.""Journey to the West" is a fictional account of the journey of a Buddhist monk named Xuanzang to obtain sacred Buddhist texts from India. Along the way, Xuanzang and his companions encounter various mythical creatures and face many challenges. The novel combines elements of fantasy, adventure, and satire and is considered one of the greatest works of Chinese literature."Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is an epic historical novel that portrays the turbulent period of the Three Kingdoms in Chinese history. It narrates the power struggles and military campaigns of various warlords and their attempts to unify China. The novel is known for its diverse and intricate characters, strategic military plots, and profound analysis of human nature."Water Margin," also known as "Outlaws of the Marsh," is a novel that tells the story of a group of bandits who rebel against the corrupt government officials during the Song Dynasty. The novel depicts their heroic struggles, loyalty to each other, and ultimate fate. It is renowned for its vivid portrayal of characters from different walks of life and its commentary on social injustice. "Dream of the Red Chamber," also known as "The Story of theStone," is a masterpiece of Chinese literature that explores the themes of love, family, and social hierarchy. It revolves around the tragic love story of Jia Baoyu, a young nobleman, and Lin Daiyu, his forbidden love. The novel provides a detailed and intricate examination of the decline of an aristocratic family and offers profound insights into human emotions and societal norms.These four novels have been translated into English to introduce Chinese culture and literature to a wider audience. Despite challenges in translating the unique cultural aspects and nuances of the original Chinese texts, the English translations aim to capture the essence and spirit of these masterpieces. The translations not only bring these timeless stories to a global audience but also facilitate cross-cultural communication and understanding.In conclusion, "Journey to the West," "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," "Water Margin," and "Dream of the Red Chamber" are the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Through their English translations, these novels have become renowned worldwide for their rich storytelling, complex characters, and their portrayal of various aspects of Chinese culture and history.。
西游记原著白话文翻译
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西游记原著白话文翻译
《西游记》是中国古代四大名著之一,是明代作家吴承恩创作的一部神魔小说。
该小说以佛教传说中的“大唐西域取经”的故
事为蓝本,以孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧和唐僧四位主角的奇遇和修行为主线,塑造了以孙悟空为首的形象鲜明的主要人物,展现了中国传统文化和价值观念。
小说以白话文翻译,接下来是部分相关内容的参考翻译:
1. 第一回:弼马温相寿桃园结义三弄梅
那老马说:“哥哥,你在这个树桩上吃东西的时候,为何一声不出,却把我整得胆战心惊?”温和说:“那只是那树上居住的一只叫作头巾的仙禽。
他负责守护这片山林。
”马明说:“大哥!我们此去是为了邀请一个英雄人物和我一同前往拜见师父。
”
温和说:“我们要追随正义之道,所以不应该扰乱人家。
”马明说:“我们拜会他,一定能在路上加强保护。
”于是兄弟二人一同去拜见头巾。
2. 第五回:保唐僧命五行山大闹地狱逢河崖挑灯下凶咒十日
显真形
有这位神仙手持羊骨扇子,立在西方灵山上一览众山之秀,
他就是昔日搬山之力下凡,爱作祟捣闹的齐天大圣孙悟空。
只因他胆大心细,机灵过人,天庭里的玉皇大帝不得不担心他,于是派玉帝母娘娘(玉帝的太妃)把他逼迫到了东胜神洲更底下火焰山。
果真他对天庭造反,玉帝根本压制不住,于是只能僵持。
中国书名(四大名著)的翻译
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中国书名(四大名著)翻译中国的书名翻译没什么规则,译者出师山门不同,翻译风格也就不同I. 关于红楼梦的翻译著名红学家周汝昌早年毕业于燕京大学西语系,曾在大学教英文。
他认为现在的两种英文译名,《A Dreamof Red Chambe r》(红色小楼之梦)、《A Dreamof Red Mansio ns》(红色豪门大宅之梦),都不对。
他说,“红楼”一词源于唐诗,可追溯到韦庄的“长安春色谁为主,古来尽属红楼女”。
“红楼”专指富家女儿的金闺绣阁。
西方语文没有相对应的词语。
这样说来,《红楼梦》书名转译也不易,要求全书的翻译做到信、达、雅,显然更难。
这不能怪译家,只能说是《红楼梦》内涵独特,以及中西文化的差异,有以致之。
现在大家比较认可的是杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇翻译的英译本《红楼梦》,译为“The Dreamof Red Mansio n”。
杨宪益夫妇是大翻译家,我本不敢乱说什么,但我想了很多年,还是觉得,这样翻译实际上是翻译错了,斗胆说出来,供大家研究、讨论。
我觉得,《红楼梦》里所说的“红楼”并不是“红色公寓(Red Mansio n)”的意思,正如“青楼”不是指“青色的楼”,而是指“妓院”一样。
这里,“红楼”是指“女儿楼”,或者叫“闺房”,是女孩出嫁之前居住的地方。
如果把“红楼”翻译成为“Red Mansio n”就完全没有这种“女儿楼”的意思了。
但如果仅仅是这个“女儿楼”的意思,那还比较好翻译,因为在西方,也有女孩出嫁之前居住的“闺房”,如“boudoi r”的意思就是“闺房,女人的卧室或化妆室、起居室”。
但如果把《红楼梦》翻译为“The dreamof Boudoi r”仍然是不妥的,因为西方的“闺房”与中国的“闺房”是完全不同的。
西方的“闺房”仅仅是女子出嫁之前居住的地方,仅仅是女人的卧室。
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《转载》四大名著的国外搞笑翻译一、《水浒传》英文版的题目有:《Outlaws of the Marsh》(沼泽里的歹徒),《All Men are Brothers——Blood of the Leopard》(四海之内皆兄弟——猎豹的血),《Water Margin》(水边)。
在法文中《水浒传》被译作《中国的勇士》或《沼泽地区的英雄们》,还有一个居然是《一百零五个男人和三个女人在山上的故事》;德文译名则有点牵强,如《强盗与士兵》。
另外还有一些节译本的名字更是耸人听闻,如德人节译潘金莲和武大郎的章节成书,书名叫《卖大饼的武大郎和不忠实妇人的故事》,节译的“智取生辰纲”则起名《强盗设置的圈套》。
二、《三国演义》早年有位美国人从《三国演义》中整理出关羽的故事,节译成书名为《战神》;后来美国汉学家摩斯·罗伯斯将其英文全译本起名为《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》(三个王国间的罗曼蒂克);现在也有一些译本直接叫《Three Kingdoms》(三个王国)的。
三、《西游记》国外大多译作《Record of a Journey to the West 》(西方旅行的记录)、《Journey to the West》(西行之旅)、《Story of the Journey to the West》(西游故事);另外还有人把孙悟空当作书名,如《Monkey》(猴子)、《The Monkey King》(猴王)等等。
四、《红楼梦》《红楼梦》原本就有另外一个名字《石头记》,所以外国人翻译时,也就难免翻译出二种名字来,如:《The Story of the Stone》(石头的故事)、《A Dream of Red Mansions》(红色大楼里的梦)、《A Dream of Red Chamber》(红色房间里的梦)。
此外,还有张冠李戴的翻译,如《The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl》(牛郎和织女),这与原著可就大相径庭了。
The four Chinese Literature Masterpiece《三国演义》----《The Romance of the Three Kindoms》《水浒传》----《The Story by the Water Margin》《红楼梦》----《The Dream of the Red Chamber 》《西游记》----《Journey to the West》中国四大名著,应该是指四大古典名著:The Four Chinese Classical Novels《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Water MarginsThe four famous Chinese classical novels《水浒传》Tales of the Marshes《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《西游记》Story of a Journey to the West :or The Pilgrimage to the West这些都有现成翻译,最好不要自行翻译.多查资料,参考别人的.我的摘自/wiki/Four_Great_Classical_NovelsFour Great Classical Novels, or the Four Major Classical Novels (Chinese: 四大名著; pinyin: sì dà míng zhù) of Chinese literature,四大名著英文翻译来源:秦铖的日志我国文学史上的“四大名著”,包括:元末明初施耐庵的《水浒传》、明初罗贯中的《三国演义》、明代吴承恩的《西游记》、清代曹雪芹的《红楼梦》。
这四部古典长篇小说,是我国古代小说的巅峰之作,其对中国文学乃至文化的影响非常深远。
四大名著影响国人的同时,也逐渐走出国门。
通过翻译,四大名著被更多的人所了解和喜爱。
那么,它们在其它国家中叫什么名字呢?这或多或少会让人好奇。
《水浒传》成书于元末明初,17世纪时就已经传入朝鲜半岛和日本。
在江户时代的日本,《水浒传》的日文译本已经有十多种。
由于日文和汉语具有亲缘关系,所以书的名字没有变,仍是沿袭中国的书名。
后来,《水浒传》有了英文、法文、德文、意大利文等版本,书名开始变得千奇百怪。
英文版的题目有:《Outlaws of the Marsh》(沼泽里的歹徒 / 法外人),附带地说一说,英文语境中最著名的法外人可能就是罗宾汉,而中国很多读者也认为《罗宾汉》是中国的《水浒传》;《All Men are Brothers——Blood of the Leopard》(四海之内皆兄弟——猎豹的血),这是上个世纪30年代赛珍珠翻译《水浒传》时译的书名,虽然有点长,但译出了“聚义”的意思,“猎豹”点出了梁山好汉的不驯服不合作(不包括后来的接受招安),“血”则直接赋予了《水浒传》悲剧的意味——虽然很多读者不认为《水浒传》是一部悲剧;另有一个译成《Water Margin》,直译,优点当然是直白了,不过味道却不是很够。
其它文本的译名也很有意思。
在法文中,《水浒传》被译作《中国的勇士》或《沼泽地区的英雄们》,另有一个比较搞笑,居然是《一百零五个男人和三个女人在山上的故事》;德文译名则有点牵强,曰《强盗与士兵》。
另外还有一些节译本的名字则与现在的知音体差不多,如德人节译潘金莲和武大郎的章节成书,书名叫《卖大饼的武大郎和不忠实妇人的故事》,节译“智取生辰纲”则起名《强盗设置的圈套》,可谓耸人听闻。
《三国演义》成书于元末明初,在此之前,陈寿写过《三国志》。
从书名中的“演义”也可以看出,罗贯中是在《三国志》的基础上“演义”出《三国演义》的。
和《水浒传》一样,《三国演义》成书后很快就传入朝鲜半岛和日本。
不一样的是,名字已略有改变。
日文译本主要有三个:吉川英治的《三国演义》、村上知行的《全译三国志》和三间评价的《三国志演义》。
第一次对中国名著的外译名感兴趣,是在看黄仁宇那本《赫逊河畔谈中国历史》的时候。
书中谈三国英雄时提到《三国演义》,用了英文名《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》。
当时很是奇怪,三个国家之间都有战争,何来浪漫呢?或许是《三国演义》译介入欧洲的时候刚好是浪漫主义(romanticism)产生和并开始盛行的时候,所以给了一个《三个王国之间的罗曼史》的书名。
不过对于黄仁宇提“信史浪漫化”,我觉得他的用意是说小说《三国演义》是信史《三国志》的浪漫化。
早年有位美国人从《三国演义》中整理出关羽的故事,节译成书名为《战神》;后来美国汉学家摩斯·罗伯斯(Moss Roberts)的英文全译本起名为《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》,即刚才提到的《三个王国之间的罗曼史》;现在也有一些译本直接叫《Three Kingdoms》(三个王国 / 三国),中国外文出版社的英文译本用的也是这一名字。
《西游记》的外文译名,主要有两大类:一类是根据中文的书名“西游记”直接翻译得出书名,比如:《 Record of a Journey to the West 》(西行之旅的记录)、《 Journey to the West》(西行之旅)、《The Story of the Pilrimage to the West》、《Story of the Journey to the West》(西游故事)……另一类是把孙悟空当书名,比如:《Monkey》(猴子)、《The Monkey King》(猴王)、《猴子历险记》、《猴子取经记》…… 明人吴承恩写《西游记》,固然把那个叫“孙悟空”的猴子当主角来写,但也没有把他当作唯一的主角。
个人认为把《西游记》译成《Monkey》(猴子)、《The Monkey King》(猴王)之类的译法有失偏颇。
也有译成《侠与猪》的,把孙悟空说成是侠,不是很通吧?不过有趣的是顺带把猪八戒捎上了。
而《神魔历险记》则不知道谁是魔了。
在中国,《红楼梦》本来就有多个名字,最为著名的则有《石头记》和《红楼梦》。
虽然严格说起来《石头记》和《红楼梦》并非完全相等,但八十回的故事还是相当的。
而这两个名字的存在,也使《红楼梦》的外文译名有了两个根据:一类是依据《石头记》的,如美国企鹅出版社出版的《The Story of the Stone》;另一类是依据《红楼梦》的,如《A Dream of Red Mansions》(红色豪宅里的梦)、《A Dream of Red Chamber》(红色房间里的梦);也有比较离谱的,译成《The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl》(牛郎和织女)。
贾宝玉和林黛玉都在贾府,不见得有空间阻隔,阻隔他们的,也许就是“世界上最遥远的距离,不是生与死之间的距离,而是明明相爱,却不能一起”,等于了银河,于是把贾宝玉说成是牛郎把林黛玉说成是织女。
不过,中国已经有了牛郎和织女的故事,所以觉得这个译法离谱了。
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