高考英语一轮复习 状语从句学案

在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。

一、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the

moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。

1.表示“一···就···”的句型

1) as soon as/once

As soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”）

2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语

On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.

一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。

On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。

3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when

它们表“一…就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。）

No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.

他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。

Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.

我一进屋，电话就响了。

当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如：

I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started.

我刚到车站，车就开走了。

I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang.

4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second

The moment I saw him, I recognized him.

我一看见他，就认出了他。

We'll leave the minute you are ready.

你一准备好，我们就出发。

5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。

I left immediately the clock struck 5.

我刚走，钟就敲了五点。

2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句

1) when的用法

①when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。

I was thin when I was a child.

当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。

It was raining when I arrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。

②在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如：

When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man.

当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。

She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 当她做作业时，总是听音乐。

③when在下列结构中, 译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句

be about to do ... when, be doing ... when, had done ···when,

be on one's way ... when, be on the point of doing ... when（参见“连词”部分when的用法）

2）while用法

while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that....

My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.

当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。

I am safe while I am here.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。

while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让

步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。

I like watching TV, while he likes reading.

我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。

While he has his own car, he often uses mine.

尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。

3) as的用法

①as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。

As I left the house, I forgot the key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。

②as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如：As I get older, I get more optimistic.

随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。

③as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。

④用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。

As he was going out, it began to rain.

当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。

⑤as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。

As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.

当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。

3. before引导的时间状语从句

①before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。

Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.

在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。

②在“It be + 时间段+ before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“…（之后）才”，否定句译成