(完整)外研版八年级下册现在完成时

新外研版八年级下册英语语法-现在完成时

I Warm-up

选择题。

（）1. He often______his clothes on Sundays.

A. washing

B. washes

C. has washed

D. wash

（）2. Next month______twenty five.

A. has my sister

B. my sister will be

C. my sister shall have

（）3. We will start as soon as our teacher______ .

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. is coming

（）4. Last week John______his leg.

A. felt and broken

B. fell and broke

C. feels and breaks

D. fallen and broken

（）5. It______ hard when I left my house .

A. is raining

B. rains

C. was raining

D. will rain

II Grammar

现在完成时

（一）构成：

1.肯定句

主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他

主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他

如：I have been to Beijing.

2.否定句

3.主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他

如：He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

4.一般疑问句Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？

如：Has the letter arrived yet?

5.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？

如：Where have you been to ?

（二）用法：

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。

例如：同步练习（1）

①I have _______________________that before. (我从来没有听说过那回事）

② Have you_____________________? （你曾经骑过马吗？）

③ She ________________________the math exercises.（他已经完成了数学作业）

④ I__________________________ book.. （我刚刚丢了历史书）

2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）

一段时间的表达方法有两种:

for: + 一段时间for a year, for two weeks, for three years

过去的某一时刻：since nine hours ago, since last week, since 1990 since

一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since you got home

注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.

对划线部分提问都用How long

同步练习（2）用since 和for填空

1. I have had this car a year.

2. The shop has been closed last week.

3. —How long have you studied Chinese?

two years ago.

4. We haven’t seen each other she went back to her country.

重难点★h a v e b e e n(t o)和h a v e g o n e(t o)的区别：

★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地

．．．．．．”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。

★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了

．．．．．．”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。

试比较：

He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在说话人的地方）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人去了，不在说话人的地方）

Exercises I:

用gone或been填空。

1.I am sorry I'm late, everyone. I've_ _ ___ to the dentist's.

2.There's nobody at home. I think they've ____ _______ away for the weekend.

3.You look very brown. Where have you __ _________ on holiday?

4.Simon isn't here at the moment. He's __ _________ _to a football match.

5.—Have you ever_ __________ _to Scotland?

—Yes, I've _____ ___________ there quite a few times.

一般过去时与现在完成时之比较：

1）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago，just now）连用.