语法专题一句子成分与结构

主语 系动词
表语
2）The city will become rich.
主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“变化”类：
__________G__e_t/_b__e_c_o_m_e_/_t_u_r_n_/g_r_o_w_________________. “感官”类:
__________T_a_s_te_/_s_m__e_l_l/_f_e_e_l/_lo_o_k_/_s_o_u_n_d_____________.
I have nothing to eat.
to do 不定式
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their
names here.
从句
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目 的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语
We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
（五）定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 饰的名词之_前____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰
的名词之__后___。
They are woman workers.
名词
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
句子
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一 般放在____谓_语______之后。_介__词__词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n
5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know what others are doing. 句子
三）表语 它的位置在__系_动__词_、__连_系__动_词___之后。 是用来说明主语的__性__质___,_特__征___, __状__态___的.
My father is a professor.
名词 n
Who's that? It's me.
代词 pron
Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj
动_词__副_词__搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly.
动_词__介_词_搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.
Exercise
二）谓语由__动__词_/_动_词__短__语__担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
The match became very exciting. adj
The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
Three times five is fifteen.
数词
His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
Exercise
他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 _H_e_d_ro_v_e_s_o_fa_s_t t_h_at_h_e_b_ro_k_e_th_e_tr_a_ff_ic_ru_l_es_.______.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。 _H_e _to_o_k_o_ut_a_b_e_er_a_n_d_d_ra_n_k_it_u_p_q_ui_ck_ly_._________.
他许诺给我一个礼物。 _H_e_p_ro_m_i_se_d_t_o_g_iv_e _m_e_a_g_if_t. ________________.
4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？ _B_y_t_h_e _w_ay_, _h_as_s_h_e_p_ai_d_y_ou_?_________________ _____.
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
原因状语 目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
“持续”类：
__________S_t_a_y_/ _k_e_e_p_/r_e_m__a_in___________________.
其他：（似乎）_S_e_e_m___a_p_p_e_a_r___ (证明是)_T_u_rn__o_u_t_/ _prove
Exercises
你的故事听起来很有趣。 _Y_o_u_s_t_o_ry_s_o_u_n_d_e_d_v_e_ry__in_te_r_e_st_in_g_.__________.
Mary is a beautiful girl..
形容词 adj
The play has three acts.
数词
This is her first trip to Europe.
形容词 / to do 不定式
China is a developing country.
现在分词 doing
They elected me captain of the team. 名词
We try to make our country strong. 形容词
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
We found everything in good order there. 介词
I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式
语法复习专题一
一、介绍与其重要性
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可 能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。 英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配， 就能写出完整、正确的句子。
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
下学期谁教你们生物？ _W_h_o_w_i_ll _te_ac_h_y_o_u_b_io_lo_g_y?___________________ _______.
Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。 _M_r_. W_h_i_te_t_ol_d_m_e_w_h_y_h_e_w_en_t_a_br_o_ad_.____________ _.
only bones
结果状语
The students came into the classroom, singing and
dancing.
伴随状语
If he goes, so will I .
条件状语
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之 外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
与宾语补足语一样
二.五种简单基本句型
系动词 主语+系+表语
动词
不及物动词 主语+谓语
及物动词
主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。 小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
_E_ve_ry__da_y_I_g_et_u_p_e_ar_ly_, _w_al_k_to_t_he__pa_r_k _an_d_s_it_o_n_th_e___ _be_n_c_h.____ _Th_e_b_ir_d_s_s_an_g_h_a_pp_i_ly_in_t_h_e_tr_ee_,_th_e_f_is_h_pl_a_ye_d_f_re_el_y_in_ _th_e_p_o_ol_a_n_d _I a_ls_o_e_n_jo_y_ed_m__ys_e_lf_. ____________.
把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。 _P_u_t_t_he__fi_sh__in_t_o_fr_id_g_e_,_o_r_th_e_y_w_i_ll_b_e_c_o_m_e_b_a_d_. _____.
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 _T_h_e_h_o_t_d_a_y_w_i_ll_re_m__ai_n_a_f_e_w_d_a_y_s_. ________________.
I saw him going upstairs.
现在分词 doing
They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成 为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.
3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1）The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams. 4）He forgot to close the door. 5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
这个计划证明是可行的。 _T_h_e_p_l_an__tu_r_n_ed__o_u_t _p_ra_c_t_ic_a_l.____________________.
2．主语 + 谓语
1）Building has started. 主语 谓语
2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主语 谓语