北京科技大学2012年《871工程热力学》考研专业课真题试卷
《工程热力学》课程硕士研究生招生入学考试试题1
《工程热力学》课程硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
考试科目名称：工程热力学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
南京航空航天大学《817工程热力学》历年考研真题汇编
目 录2011年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2012年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2013年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2014年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2015年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2018年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题2011年南京航空航天大学817工程热力学考研真题南京航空航天大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码：W满分：150分科目名称：工程热力学，主意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必酒写在查通上.写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试瞰须随瓠起建入试题袋中交回！二^简答「（共35分）1、〈5分〉某闭口系统细i呵逆过程f是奔能用温度的上升取下降来判断过程热缺文换为正、为负？若用靖参数的变化能否判断？2、<5分）绝热15流后流体烙估不变,所以黄流过程井不造演能咕品政下降，这种说法是杏正确，如何理解？3、｛8分）若空气比热容取定值，间在定压加热过程中，夺气对外做功吊:和热力学能改变ht分别占加给空％热试的比例？空气觇为理想H体“4、〈7分）一个门锐打升的房间.若度内空气温度上升而斥力不变.取房间为开口热力系，村房内空'（的总热力学能At/如何变化<空气现为理慰'〔伸，比然容按定值计L5、（5分）可逆循坏的靖变为0,不可逆循环中而不可逆性的燃增.是否的以队为不叮逆循环的炳变大于0?简单解移城因，6、〈5分）燃气轮机定用加热理想循环中，当循环增温比t…定时，随循r环增压:比TT的捷*‘4循环热效率不断增大，口单位质量「.应在循环中辎出的仔功w倾也不断增大-判断这种说法是否正础.并简要解样.二、作图分析题（共20分｝h（12分｝某理想气体从同-初态分别纾过可逆绝热压缩1-2和不可逆绝热依缩1-2’过程，达到相同终压。
谓在T-$坐标图上分颓出两个过程的过程践，并在图中用面积表示出两过程的技术功以及不再逆过程的蛹损失，（环境温度为7；.K7；>7；）2、（8分）己钮房间内湿空I的露点温度q、湿球温度上，试在h-d|^t定性地确定湿空气的状态点”三、E5分｝从七在初参数p,=600^a、勺=21V状态下秘定流入无运动部件的绝热容器.假定其中半依T〔在p Y=100通、2三愈，另外半氟'〔在p§=100打由、t r=-40。
北京理工大学管理与经济学院871管理学历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
2013年北京理工大学管理与经济学院管理 学（代码871）考研真题（回忆版）
北京理工大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：871 科目名称：管理学 一、名词解释（共5题，每题4分） 1．激励 2．领导 3．决策 4．事业部 5．企业再造 二、选择题（共20题，每题2分） 题目比较灵活。
一般而言，以下三类企业需要进行再造工程：① 身陷困境、准备背水一 战的企业；② 目前经营状况尚好但有下降趋势的企业；③ 无论从近期 还是从长远看都处于极佳状态的企业。
二、选择题（共20题，每题2分） 题目比较灵活。
三、简答题（共5题，每题10分） 1．简述目标管理的特点和优点。 答：目标管理是一种以工作和人为中心的综合管理方法，它首先由 组织的上级管理人员与下级管理人员、员工一起制定组织目标，并由此 形成组织内每个成员的责任和分目标，明确规定每个成员的职责范围， 最后又用这些目标来进行管理、评价和决定对每一个部门和成员的奖 惩。 (1)目标管理的特点 ① 组织目标是共同商定的，而不是上级下达指标，下级提出保证； ② 根据组织的总目标决定每个部门和个人的任务、责任及应达到的 分目标； ③ 总目标和分目标是组织部门和个人的活动依据，一切活动都围绕 这些目标展开，将履行的职责和实现的目标紧密结合； ④ 将目标作为对部门和个人的考核依据。 (2)目标管理的优点 ① 目标管理可使工作具有明确的目标和方向，避免工作的盲目性和 随意性，避免形式主义和做无用功；
5．试析管理沟通的作用。 答：管理沟通的作用有以下几个方面： (1)收集信息，使决策更加合理和有效； (2)改善人际关系、稳定员工的思想情绪，统一组织行动； (3)通过有效的沟通，可以使组织成员的行为与组织要求趋于一致。 特别是在组织变革时期，通过沟通可以消除组织成员的抵触情绪，采取 合作态度； (4)沟通对组织成员的行为具有控制作用； (5)沟通是组织与外部环境联系的桥梁。
【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语2012
北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 618 试题名称：基础英语（共 10 页）适用专业：外国语言文学（包括外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效;请用蓝色或黑色钢笔或签字笔答题。
=============================================================================================================Part Ⅰ Vocabulary (30 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections:There are fifteen incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. No one appreciated his work during his lifetime, but it is clear that he was a great artist.A. in the aftermathB. by the timeC. in retrospectD. in this eventuality2. He was facing charges on forgery in a court of law but he hired a good attorney to .A. get offB. get throughC. get byD. get away3. The campers their tent in a sheltered valley.A. establishedB. installedC. pitchedD. fixed4. This is work. It calls for a good eye and a steady hand.A. preciseB. precisionC. exactD. exactness5. I’m rather concerned how he will take his school.A. onB. upC. offD. to6. I don’t doubt the plan will be well received.A. thatB. whichC. ifD. whether7. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur8. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results rough handling.A. fromB. offC. inD. to9. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large of information about an individual life.A. dealB. numberC. amountD. account10. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged withD. appreciated for11. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed those in Scotland if the report findings are correct.A. asB. likeC. likelyD. are like12. We cannot see any possibility of business your price is on the high side of theprevailing market trend.A. whichB. sinceC. thatD. though13. If out successfully, the plan will completely change the traffic conditions in the city.A. carriedB. is carriedC. having been carriedD. to carry14. We are conscious of the extent work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and empty life.A. to whichB. in whichC. at whichD. by which15. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important of American life.A. fashionsB. frontiersC. facetsD. formatsSection BDirections:There are ten sentences in this section with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence.16. So engrossed in his efforts would Gaugin become that he barely noticed the passing of time.A. delighted inB. frustrated byC. expanded byD. involved in17. Rain abates in the fall throughout most of the Appalachian Mountain region.A. poursB. accumulatesC. lessensD. evaporates18. When a hurricane is about to occur, the National Weather Bureau issues a warning.A. adjacentB. giganticC. perilousD. imminent19. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.A. worry aboutB. get involved inC. get angry aboutD. look for20. Mark Anthony’s eulogy of Caesar at his funeral is memorably recorded in a play by Shakespeare.A. prayerB. praiseC. biographyD. denunciation21. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. complyC. coincideD. consider22. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. eliteC. nomadD. disciple23. Soon comics were so prevalent as to attract the attention of serious critics.A. successfulB. prosperousC. widespreadD. persuasive24. The progress of civilization itself can be measured by its range of mathematics.A. consideredB. decidedC. assessedD. found out25. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entireSection CDirections:Each of the following five sentences below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are four lettered sets of words. Choose the setof words for the blanks that best fit the meaning of the sentence.26. To list Reilly’s achievements in a fragmentary way is , for it distracts our attention from the themes of her work.A. unproductive … disparateB. misleading … integratingC. pragmatic … comprehensiveD. logical … important27. That many of the important laws of science were discovered during experiments designedto other phenomena suggests that experimental results are the of inevitable natural forces rather than of planning.A. analyze … foundationsB. disprove … predecessorsC. alter … adjunctsD. illuminate … consequence28. The availability of oxygen is an essential for animal life, while carbon dioxide is equally for plant life.A. choice … optionalB. duplication … selectiveC. conversion … exchangeableD. condition … necessary29. Old beliefs die hard: even when jobs became , the long-standing fear that unemployment could return at a moment’s notice .A. vacant … perishedB. easier … changedC. plentiful … persistedD. protected … subsided30. Politeness is not a attribute of human behavior, but rather a central virtue, one whose very existence is increasingly being by the faddish requirement to ―speak one’s mind.‖A. superficial … threatenedB. pervasive … undercutC. worthless … forestalledD. precious … affectedPart ⅡProofreading and error correction (20 minutes, 20 points, 2 points each) Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧‖ sign and writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash ―/‖ and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, 1. anit never buys things in finished form and hangs 2. neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 3. exhibitThe Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the averagechange over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a marketbasket of consumer good and services. The CPI affects nearly all 1.Americans because of the many ways which it is used. Its three major 2.uses are: Firstly, as an economic indicator, the CPI is the most widelyused measurement of inflation and is sometimes viewed as an indicator 3.of the effectiveness of government economic policy. It providesinformations about price changes in the nation’s economy to 4.government, business, labor, and other private citizens, and is used bythem as a guide to make economic decisions. Secondly, as a deflator 5.of other economic series. The CPI and its components are used toadjusting other economic series for price changes and to translate 6.these series into inflation-free dollars. An interesting example ofthese is the use of the CPI as a deflator of the value of the consumer’s 7.dollar to find its purchasing power. The purchasing power ofthe consumer’s dollar measures the change in the value to the consumerof goods and services that a dollar will buy at different dates.By other words, as prices increase, the purchasing power of the 8.consumer’s dollar declines. Third, as a means of adjusting dollar 9.values. The CPI is often used to adjust consumer’s income payments; 10.to adjust income eligibility levels for government assistance;and to automatically provide cost-of-living wage adjustments tomillions of American workers.Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points, 2 points each)Directions:There are four passages in this part. Read each passage carefully and answer the questions following each passage as you are required.Passage One―What does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?‖ Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufactures and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling.The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.The manufacturer can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function is like that of a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer.The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with hisfunction: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.1. ―Middleman‖ in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning except .A. go-betweenB. intermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler2. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for .A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers3. A middleman’s work may become difficult because .A. manufactures run their production on a much higher levelB. market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers4. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.5. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is .A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessaryPassage TwoEvery group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of ―backward‖languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in ―backward‖languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (―this‖ and ―that‖ ) . But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.6. Every group of human beings has .A. its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. an extremely complex and delicate languageC. its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. the process of growing crops or raising animals7. To the professional linguists, .A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard8. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to .A. do more activitiesB. learn about a new cultureC. meet more peopleD. need more names9. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward ―backward‖ languages is .A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute10. This passage is on the whole .A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativePassage ThreeIs test anxiety destructive? Can we make test anxiety work for us? The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape.Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development.Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test.When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping test pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the question that are coming.As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question.You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test.For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i.e., television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress.The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying the material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand.I’d wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.11. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as a good side of the test anxiety?A. It can help improve performance if channeled correctly.B. It motivates us to study and prepare for exam.C. It can help us to concentrate.D. It can always ensure a good score in the test.12. Which of the following test preparation ways cannot help one reduce anxiety during the test?A. You should know your own abilities and operate accordingly and learn as much as you can.B. Study partners or study groups are useful for self-testing.C. You can retrieve materials by using mnemonic codes.D. You should pay more attention to the materials identified by the teacher.13. What should be at the top of your study list when you prepare a test?A. The most complex materials.B. The questions asked by students.C. The materials reviewed and hints given by the teacher.D. The materials mastered by most students.14. The suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test are .A. relaxing, mnemonic codes and easy questions firstB. relaxing, dumping and easy questions firstC. relaxing, easy questions first and extreme anxietyD. aerobic exercise, relax and dumping15. According to the passage, useful means for reducing undesirable effects of stress are .A. knowledge and confidenceB. learning ability and instructor’s hintsC. meditation and aerobic exerciseD. rest and meditationPassage FourNo revolutions in technology have as visibly marked the human condition as those in transport. Moving goods and people, they have opened continents, transformed living standards, spread diseases, fashions and folk around the world. Yet technologies to transport ideas and information across long distances have arguably achieved even more: they have spread knowledge, the basis of economic growth.The most basic of all these, the written word, was already ancient by 1000. By then China had, in basic form, the printing press, using carved woodblocks. But the key to its future, movable metal type, was four centuries away. The Chinese were hampered by their thousands of ideograms. Even so, they quite soon invented the primitive movable type, made of clay, and by the 13th century they had the movable wooden type. But the real secret was the use of an easily cast metal.When it came, Europe –aided by simple Western alphabets –leapt forward with it. One reason why Asia’s civilizations, in 1000 far ahead of Europe’s, then fell behind was that they lacked the technology to reproduce and diffuse ideas. On Johannes Gutenberg’s invention in the 1440s were built not just the Reformation and the Enlightenment, but Europe’s agricultural and industrial revolutions too.Yet information technology on its own would not have got far. Literally: better transport technology too was needed. That was not lacking, but there the big change came much later: it was railways and steamships that first allowed the speedy, widespread dissemination of news and ideas over long distances. And both technologies in turn required people and organizations to develop their use. They got them: for individual communication. The postal service: for wider publics, the publishing industry.Throughout the 19th century, the postal service formed the bedrock of national and international communications. Crucial to its growth had been the introduction of the stamp, combined with a low price, and payment by the sender. Britain put all three of these ideas into effect in 1840.By then, the world’s mail was taking off. It changed the world. Merchants in America’s eastern cities used it to gather information, enraging far-off cotton growers and farmers, who found that the New Yorkers knew more about crop prices than they did. In the American debate about slavery, it offered abolitionists a low-cost way to spread their views, just as later technologies have cut the cost and widened the scope of political lobbying. The post helped too to integrate the American nation, tying the newly opened west to the settled east.Everywhere, its development drove and was driven by those of transport. In Britain, travelers rode by mail coach to posting inns. In America, the post subsidized road-building. Indeed, argues Dan Schiller, a professor of communications at the University of California, it was the connection between the post, transport and national integration that ensured that the mail remained a public enterprise even in the United States, its first and only government-run communications medium, and until at least the 1870s, the biggest organization in the land.The change has not only been one of speed and distance, though, but of audience. About 200 years ago, a man’s words could reach no further than his voice, not just in range but in whom they reached. But, for some purposes, efficient communication is mass communication, regular, cheap,quick and reliable. When it became possible, it transformed the world.16. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Transporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.B. Technology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.C. Technology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.D. Technology in spreading information can’t change the ec onomic development of society.17. Johannes Gutenberg’s invention probably refers to .A. printing technologyB. transportation technologyC. the Reformation and the EnlightenmentD. industrial revolution18. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the postal service?A. American abortionists were not happy about it.B. The stamp was invented in Britain.C. It helped the independence of America.D. In the 1840s it was the major means of national communications in Britain.19. In the United States, the postal service belongs to .A. a private companyB. the governmentC. road-building enterprisesD. national integration20. Which of the following statements is NOT true about mass communication?A. It can reach no further than human voice.B. It can reach a large audience.C. It is rapid and efficient.D. It can be trusted.Part ⅣTranslation (40 minutes, 30 points, 15 points each)Directions: There are two passages here. Put the underlined part in the first one into Chinese and the underlined part in the second one into English.[1] It may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is something that can hold many of the society’s disparate elements together, but it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, which society cannot survive without. Ambition is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work for themselves, but partly for their families; husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some of their most ardent ambitions for their children. Yet to have a family nowadays —with birth control readily available, and inflation a good economic argument against having children — is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Finally, though ambition was once the domain chiefly of monarchs and aristocrats, it has, in more recent times, increasingly become the domain of the middle class. Ambition and futurity —a sense of building for tomorrow —are inextricable. Working, saving, planning —these, the daily aspects of ambition —have alwaysbeen the distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The attack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for.[2] 世界是千变万化的，疑问是层出不穷的，答案是丰富多彩的，对问题评述的标准不同，答案就不同。
北科大2011-2012学年度第二学期高等数学期中试卷
北京科技大学2011--2012学年第二学期高 等 数 学AII 期中试卷院(系) 班级 学号 姓名 考场说明: 1、要求正确地写出主要计算或推导过程, 过程有错或只写答案者不得分； 2、考场、学院、班、学号、姓名均需写全, 不写全的试卷为废卷; 3、涂改学号及姓名的试卷为废卷；4、请在试卷上答题，在其它纸张上的解答一律无效.一、填空题（本题共36分，每小题4分）1. 设a x x a y D ≤≤-≤≤0,0:22(a 为正常数)，由二重积分的几何意义知:⎰⎰=--Ddxdy y x a 222 .2. 设23(,,)23A x y z zi x j y k =++， 则=-)3,1,2(A. 3. 设),(y x f 具有一阶连续导数，且⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=z y y x f u ,，则d u =. 4. 累次积分⎰⎰⎰=x d f d d I 0)(ξηζζηξ 的定积分表达式为 .5. 函数32yz xy u +=在点(1，2，－1)处最大方向导数的值为 . 6. 设π32),(,5,2===b a b a，向量b a A 17+=λ与b a B-=3垂直，则=λ . 7. 设f 为可微函数， 222z y x r ++=， 则=)(grad r f .8. 设Ω是由221x y +=与0z =, 2z =所围成的圆柱体，则⎰⎰⎰Ω=+dv y x)(22．9. 设可微函数),(y x f 对任意实数)0(>t t 满足),(),(y x tf ty tx f =，而(1,2,2)P -是),(y x f z =上一点，且4)2,1(1=-'f ，则此曲面在点P 处的切平面方程为 .装 订 线 内 不 得 答 题 自觉遵 守 考 试 规 则，诚 信 考 试，绝 不作 弊二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题4分）10. 已知),(y x f 在点),(00y x 的偏导数存在，则 【 】.(A) ),(y x f 在点),(00y x 连续 (B)),(y x f 在点),(00y x 可微．(C) ),(0y x f 在点0x 连续 (D)),(y x f 在点),(00y x 有任意方向的方向导数． 11. 设有闭区域1:22≤+y x D ， 则二重积分d Dx y 的值等于 【 】.(A)π53． (B) π43． (C) π76． (D) π83． 12. 设),(v u f 具有二阶连续偏导数，且),(22y x xy f z =，则=∂∂∂yx z 2 【 】. (A) 12222231132152222f y x f y x f xy f x yf ''+''+''+'+'．(B) 122222311315222f y x f y x f xy yf ''+''+''+'． (C) 1222223113212222f y x f y x f xy f x yf ''+''+''+'+'．(D) 1222221132152222f y x f xy f xy f x yf ''+''+''+'+'．13. 曲线0,6222=++=++z y x z y x 在点)1,2,1(-处的切线方程为【 】.(A)112211--=+=-z y x ． (B) 210211-=+=-z y x ． (C) 110211-=+=-z y x ． (D) 110211--=+=-z y x ． 14. 双紐线22222)(y x y x -=+所围成区域的面积可用定积分表示为【 】.(A) ⎰402cos 2πθθd ． (B) ⎰402cos 4πθθd ． (C) ⎰402cos πθθd ． (D)⎰42cos 21πθθd ．15. 设函数),(y x f 连续，则二次积分1sin 2d (,)d xx f x y y ππ=⎰⎰【 】.(A) 10sin d (,)d xy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰． (B)10arcsin d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰．(C)1arcsin 02d (,)d xy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰． (D)1arcsin 02d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰．16. 设⎰⎰⎰Ω=dudvdw w v u f z y x F ),,(),,(, 其中{}(,,),,u v w a u x b v y c w z Ω=≤≤≤≤≤≤，则=∂∂∂∂zy x F 3 【 】. (A) (,,)f u v w ． (B) (,,)f x v w ． (C) (,,)f x y w ． (D) (,,)f x y z ．17. 三次积分⎰⎰⎰---+++=2222)(302221)(y y yy y x dz z y x f dx dyI 写成球面坐标的形式为【 】.(A)⎰⎰⎰πϕθππϕϕθsin sin 02224)(sin dr r f r d d ． (B)⎰⎰⎰πϕθππϕϕθsin sin 0224)(sin dr r f r d d ．(C)⎰⎰⎰πϕθππϕϕθsin sin 02226)(sin dr r f r d d ． (D)⎰⎰⎰πϕθππϕϕθsin sin 0226)(sin dr r f r d d ．若两直线λ12111-=+=-z y x 与z y x =-=+11相交 ，则=λ 【 】. (A) 1． (B) 32． (C) 45-． (D) 45．三、解答题(本题共2小题,每题9分，满分18分)19. 设),(y x u 具有二阶连续偏导数，它满足关系式22220u u x y∂∂-=∂∂, x x x u =)2,(， 2)x =，求 )2,(),2,(2211x x u x x u '''' ，)2,(12x x u ''． 22y x z +=被平面1=++z y x 截成一椭圆，求原点到这椭圆的最长与最短距离.装 订 线 内 不 得 答 题 自 觉遵 守考 试 规 则，诚 信 考 试，绝 不作 弊四、证明题(本题共2小题,每题5分，满分10分)21. 设0)0(,1)0(=='f f ,连续)(u f '，且2222222()()d x y z t F t f x y z v ++≤=++⎰⎰⎰，证明：π54)(lim 5=+→tt F t .22. 设)(x f 在闭区间],[b a 上连续，利用二重积分性质证明：()22()d ()()d bbaaf x xb a f x x ≤-⎰⎰．。
北京科技大学研究生考试初试-871工程热力学大纲
考试科目名称:871工程热力学《工程热力学》考试大纲工程热力学课程是热能与动力工程、建筑环境与设备专业的一门重要技术基础课，它的教学目的与任务是：让学生学习关于能量守恒与转换的理论基础，使学生牢固地掌握工程热力学的基本理论、基本知识和相应的热工分析、计算能力，并进一步得到基本技能的训练。
为学习专业课提供充分的理论准备，也为学生以后解决生产实际问题和参加科学研究打下必要的理论基础。
其考试大纲内容如下：一、第一章基本概念要求熟练掌握：系统，平衡状态和状态参数，温度温标，压力，状态方程，准静态过程和可逆过程，循环，功和热量；透彻理解以下的基本概念：热力系统，热力学状态、平衡状态、准静态过程、可逆过程和不可逆过程、功与热量。
二、第二章热力学第一定律要求熟练掌握热力学第一定律基本表达式——基本能量方程，总能，热力学能，焓，膨胀功，技术功，热力学第一定律的第一解析式和稳定流动能量方程式及其应用，循环功之间及循环净功与循环净热量之间关系，循环热效率概念与计算公式；透彻理解以下概念：热力学第一定律的实质—能量守衡与转换定律在热现象中的应用，能量方程的内在联系与共性，热变功的实质。
会进行功和热量的计算，以及功和热量在p-v图和T-s图上的表示。
三、第三章气体和蒸汽的性质要求熟练掌握理想气体和实际气体的概念、理想气体状态方程、理想气体的比热容和热力学能、焓、熵的定义、计算；水蒸气的性质：水蒸气的饱和状态、饱和温度、饱和压力、饱和湿蒸汽、干度、三相点，水蒸气状态的确定。
四、第四章气体和蒸汽的基本热力过程要求熟练掌握理想气体的基本热力过程：定温、定压、定容、定熵和多变过程的过程方程、参数变化和过程中功及热量的计算及其p-v图和T-s图。
水的定压加热汽化过程及其在p-v图和T-s上的表示；会计算水蒸气定压过程的热量，水蒸气绝热过程的功。
五、第五章热力学第二定律熟练掌握热过程的方向性、热力学第二定律的表述；卡诺循环和卡诺定理、克劳修斯积分不等式、熵流和熵产、熵方程、孤立系统的熵增原理；作功能力、作功能力损失与熵产和火用平衡方程。
【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】暖通空调2012
北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 840 试题名称：暖通空调（共 5 页）适用专业：供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、单项选择题（共30分，每小题2分）1. 低温热水地板辐射采暖计算热负荷时，将室内温度取值降低2℃，是因为（）。
A．相同热舒适条件下地板辐射采暖比对流采暖方式室温低2℃B．地板辐射采暖效率高C．地板辐射采暖散热面积大D．地板辐射采暖水温低2. 在确定采暖房间所需柱型散热器面积时，当散热器组装片数大于测试片数时，应乘以（）的散热器组装片数修正系数。
A．小于1 B．1 C．大于1 D．小于等于13. 对被楼梯、扶梯、天井等贯通的房间，散热器应在（）多放置。
A．底层B．顶层C．中间层D．任一层4. 带有混合水泵的直接连接热水供暖系统，若网路的设计供回水温度为130/70℃，供暖用户的设计供回水温度95/70℃，则混合水泵的设计混合比为（）A．0.42 B．0.58 C．1.4 D．2.45. 按户计量的热水采暖系统，户内系统不宜采用（）A．单管水平跨越式B．单管水平顺流式C．上供下回双管水平式D．下供下回双管水平式6. 确定空调房间围护结构的传热系数时，可以不考虑的因素是（）。
A. 室内外温差、恒温精度B. 建筑物的用途和空调的类别C. 空调制冷系统的投资和运行费用D. 空调新风量7. 下列关于空调舒适性的说法中，哪一项是正确的？（）A. 舒适性空调的目的就是使人舒适B. 夏天空调房间室内温度降低，人体舒适度将提高C. 室内新风量越大越好D. 长期生活在舒适的室内环境中对人体健康不利8. 下列关于空调冷负荷的说法中正确的是（）。
北京科技大学历年高等代数考研真题汇编(2003-2017)
九．（本题 20 分）设线性空间V W1 W2 L Ws ，证明：存在V 的线性变换1, 2 ,L , s
使得（1）
2 i
i
，1
i
s
；（2） i
j
0
，i
j ；（3）1 2 L
s I 为恒等变
换；（4） Im i Wi ，1 i s 。
1 ( 1,2,1,3 ),2 ( 1,1,2,1 ),3 ( 1,3,0,5 ), 1 ( 1,0,4,2 ), 2 ( 0,5,9,14 ) .
求（1）V1 的维数与一组基；（2）V2 的维数与一组基；（3）V1 V2 的维数 与一组基；（4）V1 V2 的维数与一组基.
注意：第一、二大题不必抄题，在答题纸上写清题号即可。
一．填空题（本题 20 分，每小题 4 分）
1． 已知 A 为 n 阶方阵且 A 3 ，则 A1 2 A*
。
2 ． 设 A是 3 阶 可 逆 矩 阵 ， A的 第 1 行 与 第 2 行 交 换 后 得 到 矩 阵 B， 则
AB1
一（15 分）、判断 f ( x ) x5 3x4 5x3 7 x2 6 x 2 有无重因式，若有，请求出 f (x)
的所有重因式并指出其重数.
1
二(20
分)、设矩阵
A
2 1
1 1 1
1
0 1
,
B
2
1
1 1
2 1
.
（1）计算矩阵 ABT 以及行列式 ABT BAT ；
-3-
北京科技大学 2012 年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1 北 京 科 技 大 学
2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 871 试题名称： 工程热力学 （共 3 页）
适用专业： 动力工程及工程热物理、动力工程 (专业学位) 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================
一、 判断是非题（每题1分，共15分）
1、 理想气体自由膨胀后熵增加。
（ ）
2、 闭口系统中发生放热过程，熵必减少。
（ ）
3、 工质放热，其熵不一定减少。
（ ）
4、 在相同热源间工作的一切热机，不论采用什么工质，其热效率均相同。
（ ）
5、 热源与冷源的温差越大，热效率越高，制冷系数也越大。
（ ）
6、 气体吸热一定膨胀作功。
（ ）
7、 流动功的大小仅取决于系统的进口和出口状态，而与经历的过程无关。
（ ）
8、 理想气体不可能进行放热而升温过程。
（ ）
9、 在压缩蒸汽制冷循环中，所选用的制冷剂液体比热越小，那么节流过程引起的损失就越小。
（ ）
10、 稳定流动能量方程不适用于有摩擦的情况。
（ ）
11、 用两个独立的状态参数就能确定混合气体的热力状态。
（ ）
12、 湿空气的相对湿度可用干-湿球温度计间接测量。
（ ）
13、 开口系统的质量一定是变化的。
（ ）
14、 闭口系统经过一个不可逆过程，其熵变化一定大于零。
（ ）
15、 回热循环的热效率比朗肯循环高，但比功比朗肯循环低。
（ ）
二、 名词解释（每题4分，共20分）
1. 理想气体与实际气体
2. 多变过程与多变指数
3. 热力学能与热量
4. 绝对湿度与相对湿度
5. 饱和湿蒸气与饱和湿空气
三、填空题（每题4分，共20分）
1、 提高动力（热机）循环热效率的途径，理念上最终可以归纳为两条：__ ___________________________和_________________________________
2、 已知某理想气体的()K kg kJ C p ⋅=866.01000；()K kg kJ C p ⋅=910.02000，。