(完整版)上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年第二学期高中(二模)等级考调研测试生命科学试卷含答案(可

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上海市徐汇区高二地理下学期调研测试试题(等级考,含解析)

【点睛】产业转移首先转移的是劳动密集型产业，中、西部地区经济发展水平低，劳动力丰富廉价，生产成本,适宜劳动密集型产业发展。中西部地区技术落后、市场较小、资金缺乏，不适宜技术、市场、资金主导型工业发展。
16。读2016年美国对中国的部分产品贸易差额统计图.判断下列叙述中正确的是
A. 美国交通便利运价低廉,出口农产品到中国
【点睛】考查学生调动和运用地理基本知识的能力，以记忆为主，难度较小。
17。今年春晚的戏曲节目《锦绣梨园》涵盖了京剧、黄梅戏、粤剧、豫剧和越剧等5个剧种，其中越剧属于
A. 江南水乡文化B。华北平原文化
C. 华南妈祖文化D. 黄土高原文化
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查我国地域文化。
【详解】越剧，起源于浙江嵊州，是中国第二大剧种,曲调优美，极具江南水乡特色，越剧体现了才子佳人的温婉善良，属于江南水乡文化，A正确。
【点睛】考查学生调动和运用地理基本知识的能力，以记忆为主，难度较小.
15。下列工业类型中,目前呈现由我国东部沿海地区向中、西部地区转移的是
A. 市场主导型工业B。资金主导型工业
C. 技术主导型工业D. 劳动力主导型工业
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查产业转移。
【详解】目前呈现由我国沿海向中、西部地区转移趋势的工业类型是劳动力主导型工业，是因为沿海地区劳动力工资上涨,为了降低生产成本，D对。中西部地区技术落后、市场较小、资金缺乏，不适宜发展技术主导型工业、市场主导型工业、资金主导型工业.
【点睛】考查学生调动和运用地理基本知识的能力，以记忆为主,难度较小。
9.下图是南美洲某地的气温曲线和降水量柱状图，据图可知当地6~8月降水特点及成因是
A。降水较多，受副热带高气压带控制B. 降水较少，受副热带高气压带控制

精品解析：【区级联考】上海市徐汇区2019届高三二模(含听力)英语试题(解析版)

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

地理试题-上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年高二下学期高中学业等级考调研测试试题附答案详解

上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年高二下学期高中学业等级考调研测试地理试题一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1.“月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后”描写的是元宵节黄昏的场景。

下列地月位置关系图中（白色为光照面、小人表示赏月位置），能正确表示古词中月相及赏月位置的是A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】元宵节为农历十五，月球运行到地球的外侧，即太阳、月球位于地球的两侧，与D 图相符，D正确。

2.据报道：在嫦娥四号登陆月球背面的生物科普试验中，搭载的棉花种子经历了月球高真空、宽温差、强辐射等严峻的考验后，在月球上发芽且长势良好，这标志着嫦娥四号完成了人类在月面进行的首次生物实验。

此次实验利用的太空资源主要是A. 空间资源B. 太阳能资源C. 矿产资源D. 环境资源【答案】D【解析】实验利用的太空中月球高真空、宽温差、强辐射的宇宙环境，属于环境资源，D正确。

3.今年寒假，小周前往澳大利亚悉尼参加了为期一周的游学活动，期间当地的昼夜状况为A. 昼长夜短，昼渐短B. 昼长夜短，昼渐长C. 昼短夜长，昼渐短D. 昼短夜长，昼渐长【答案】A【解析】寒假在1月份，太阳直射南半球且向北移动，位于南半球的澳大利亚昼长夜短，昼渐短，A正确。

4.板块的相对运动造就了地球表面的基本面貌。

下列地貌中，由图所示的板块运动而形成的是A. 阿尔卑斯山脉B. 安第斯山脉C. 菲律宾群岛D. 大西洋中脊【答案】D【解析】根据板块的运动方向可知，该地位于板块生长边界，大西洋中脊处在生长边界，D 正确。

阿尔卑斯山脉、安第斯山脉、菲律宾群岛都处在板块的消亡边界。

5.雄浑峻拔的贵州梵净山主要由古老的片岩、板岩构成，这些岩石呈薄板状，岩性致密，矿物颗粒定向排列。

按成因分类，此类岩石属于A. 侵入岩B. 喷出岩C. 沉积岩D. 变质岩【答案】D【解析】这些岩石呈薄板状，岩性致密，矿物颗粒定向排列，该岩石可能为变质岩．页岩经过变质作用形成板岩，D正确。

2019届上海徐汇区高三二模英语试题(word版)

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2019.4考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一.律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B.In the hotel.C.At a bus stop.D.In a subway station.2. A. The lady has to go ask for help.B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.C. The lady has to have black coffee.D. The lady has had too much black coffee.3. A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.D. The paintings are highly priced.4. A. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.B. The man will take the flight on Sep 16.C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep. 16.D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep 20.5. A. A soccer game.B. A bicycle race,C. A swimming game.D. A Marathon running race.6. A.Skirt, B Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.7. A. She wants another steak.B. She doesn't like the steak.C. She is too full to have anything more.D. She is full of energy.8. A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoonB. The man should continue with his exercise.C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.D. The man should start to exercise one month later.9. A. It would be very cold today.B. It would get warm today.C. The cold front would stay for long.D. The weather report was wrong.10. A. To drive a long way home.B. To serve as a good mechanic.C. To buy a new car.D. To get her car maintained.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide whích one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Many people like to eat dog meat.B. The world is too competitive.C. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.12. A. A sick dog.B. A watch dog.C. A junkyard dog.D. A barking dog.13. A. He is probably to make his wife madder.B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog tired.C. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.D. He probably will stay in the doghouse.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Zhuyun Art Museum shows China's modern culture, art and history.B. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading's native culture, art and history.C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading' s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.D. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading' s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.15. A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.B. To store as much art crafts as possible.。

2019年4月上海徐汇区高三二模地理试卷及详细答案解析、评分标准

B．地中海型农业
C．牧场畜牧业
D．高度发达的商品化混合农业
【答案】B 【解析】油橄榄为典型的地中海型农业代表作物，对应地中海气候区。
14．某造纸厂生产一吨纸需要 3.7 吨木材、100 吨净水、600 千瓦时电、1.2 吨煤和 300 公斤
化学原料。该造纸厂选择在我国东部沿海地区建厂，考虑的区位优势主要是
响咖啡种植的主要区位因素是
A．地形
B．气候
C．劳动力
D．技术
【答案】B
3
【解析】咖啡生长需要高温多雨的气候，拉美、非洲和东南亚等地区热带雨林气候广布，适合咖啡生长。
13．油橄榄是世界著名的木本油料兼果用树种，主要产区分布在希腊、意大利、突尼斯、西
班牙等国。该农产品主产区的农业地域类型属于
A．旱作农业
C．技术主导型工业
D．劳动力主导型工业
【答案】D
【解析】目前，我国东部沿海地区向中、西部地区转移的主要产业是资源密集型产业和劳动密集型产业，与东部沿海地区相比，中西部地区接受相关产业转移的有利条件是资源和劳动力丰富。
16．读 2016 年美国对中国的部分产品贸易差额统计图。判断下列叙述中正确的是 A．美国交通便利运价低廉，出口农产品到中国 B．中国资源丰富生产成本低，出口农产品到美国 C．美国技术发达，出口计算机和电子产品到中国 D．中国劳动力丰富，出口计算机和电子产品到美国
徐汇区 2018~2019 学年度第二学期教学质量检测
高二（高三）地理
2019.04
考生注意： 1、试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。 2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括选择题和综合分析题。 3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校、考场和座位号、班级。作答必须涂或写

2019年上海中考二模真题数学徐汇区参考答案

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷参考答案2019.4一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1.B ；2.B ；3.A ；4.D ；5.B ；6．D ．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．23； 8．67.610⨯； 9．(2)(2)a a a +-； 10．57x ≤<； 11．1x =；12．54︒；13．14； 14．32y x =+； 15．4； 16．72； 17．43π18．5．三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．解：原式132=++-522= 20．解：（1）由①得：(2)()0x y x y -+=由②得：1x y +=± 得：202000,,,1111x y x y x y x y x y x y x y x y -=-=+=+=⎧⎧⎧⎧⎨⎨⎨⎨+=+=-+=+=-⎩⎩⎩⎩分别12222233,1133x x y y ⎧⎧==-⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎨⎪⎪==-⎪⎪⎩⎩解得：、无解、无解 ∴12222233,1133x x y y ⎧⎧==-⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎨⎪⎪==-⎪⎪⎩⎩原方程组的解是： 21．解：（1）过点O 作OH ⊥AC 于点H ，∵OH 过圆心，且AB =8，∴AH =BH =12AB=4 ∵BC =12AB ，∴BC =4，∴HC =8∵在Rt △OHC 中，1tan tan 2OH C C HC ==且 ∴142OH HC == ∵在Rt △OHA 中，222OH AH OA +=，∴OA =（2）∵在Rt △OHA 中，4=90HA HO AHO ︒==∠且，∴A=AOH ∠∠=45︒ 过点C 作CG ⊥AO 的延长线于点G ，∵在Rt △AGC 中，sin CG A AC=∴sin 45122CG ︒==∴CG =C 到直线AO 的距离是22．解：（1）330001000340000()+⨯=人4000015+354=8000000⨯⨯（）（元）答：5月1日-5月4日，所有游客消费总额约为8000000元。

上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年第二学期高中(二模)等级考调研测试生命科学试卷含答案

2018 学年第二年学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高二年级生命科学学科2019.4 【考生注意】考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答案必须填涂（选择题）或书写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

考试时间60 分钟，试卷满分100 分。

一、选择题（共40 分，每小题2 分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）：1. 烫发时，先用还原剂使头发角蛋白的二硫键断裂，再用卷发器将头发固定形状，最后用氧化剂使角蛋白在新的位置形成二硫键。

这一过程改变了角蛋白的A．空间结构B．氨基酸种类C．氨基酸数目D．氨基酸排列顺序2.下列各种疾病中，由与右图同类生物的病原体引起的是A.血友病B. 艾滋病C. 结核病D. 坏血病3.肝脏细胞将甘油三酯运送到血液的脂蛋白形式是A.高密度脂蛋白（HDL）B. 低密度脂蛋白（LDL）C. 极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）D. 乳糜微粒（CM）4.“观察抗生素对微生物的抑制作用”的实验中，下述操作不合理的是A．选用液体培养基B．用涂布法接种C. 培养基高压灭菌D．倒置培养5. 某同学设计了单侧光刺激下的植物向光弯曲实验，实验结束后，取植物弯曲部分制作临时切片，置显微镜下观察，结果如下图。

下列结论可据图得出的是A. b 侧产生的生长素大于a 侧B. 生长素影响细胞的伸长生长C．生长素的化学本质是吲哚乙酸D. 生长素低浓度起促进作用，高浓度起抑制作用6.基因型为AaBb 的马铃薯要得到基因型为aabb 的后代，可采用的生殖方式是A.分裂生殖B. 出芽生殖C. 营养繁殖D. 有性生殖7.下列各图箭头表示兴奋在神经元之间和神经纤维上传导方向，其中不正确的是8.细菌抗药性基因频率升高的原因是A．定向变异B．用进废退C．自然选择D．大量繁殖9.右图是一个细胞的染色体组成示意图，据图分析这个细胞是：A.单倍体B.二倍体C.三倍体D.四倍体10.真核细胞具有一些能显著增大膜面积、有利于酶的附着以提高代谢效率的结构，下列不属于此类结构的是A.神经细胞的树突B．线粒体的嵴C．甲状腺细胞的内质网D．叶绿体的基粒11.人体骨髓中存在少量间充质干细胞(MSC)，该类型细胞能发生如图所示变化.则MSC 属于A.不分裂细胞B.胚胎干细胞C.单能干细胞D.多能干细胞12.下图所示为植物水毛茛的生长现象。

2018学年第二学期徐汇区高三数学二模数学及参考答案

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三数学试卷 2019.4【考生注意】考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答案必须填涂（选择题）或书写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1~6题每题4分，第7~12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1. 设全集U R =，若集合{1,2,3,4},{|23}A B x x ==≤≤，则=U A B I ð___________.2. 已知点(2,5)在函数x a x f +=1)((0a >且1a ≠)的图像上，则()f x 的反函数1()=f x -______________.3. 不等式+11x x>的解为___________. 4. 已知球的主视图所表示图形的面积为9π，则该球的体积是 .5.函数cos 2sin ()cos x xf x x-=在区间0,2π⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最小值为___________. 6. 若2+i （i 是虚数单位）是关于x 的实系数方程20x mx n ++=的一个根，则圆锥曲线221x y m n+=的焦距为 . 7.设无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q .若{}n a 的各项和等于q ，则首项1a 的取值范围是 .8.已知点(0,0),(2,0),(1,O A B -，P是曲线y =则OP BA ⋅u u u r u u u r 的取值范围是 .9. 甲、乙两队进行排球决赛，现在的情形是甲队只要再赢一局就获冠军，乙队需要再赢两局才能得冠军.若两队在每局赢的概率都是0.5，则甲队获得冠军的概率为________.（结果用数值表示）10.已知函数4()1f x x x =+-，若存在121,,,,44n x x x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦L ，使得121()()()()n n f x f x f x f x -+++=L ，则正整数n 的最大值是___________.11.在平面直角坐标系中，设点00O （，），(3,A ，点(,)P x y的坐标满足0200y x y -≤-+≥⎨⎪≥⎪⎩，则OA u u u r 在OP uuu r上的投影的取值范围是 .12.函数()sin (0)f x x ωω=>的图像与其对称轴在y 轴右侧的交点从左到右依次记为123,,,,,,n A A A A L L 在点列{}n A 中存在三个不同的点,,k l p A A A ，使得k l p A A A ∆是等腰直角三角形.将满足上述条件的ω值从小到大组成的数列记为{}n ω，则2019ω=___________.二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项.考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13. 满足条件i 34i z -=+（i 是虚数单位）的复数z 在复平面上对应的点的轨迹是（）（A ）直线（B ）圆（C ）椭圆（D ）双曲线14. 设*n N ∈，则“数列{}n a 为等比数列”是“数列{}n a 满足312n n n n a a a a +++⋅=⋅”的（）（A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分也非必要条件15. 已知直线1:4360l x y -+=和直线2:1l x =-，则抛物线24y x =上一动点P 到直线1l 和直线2l 的距离之和的最小值是（）（A ）3716（B ）115 （C ）2 （D ）7416. 设()f x 是定义在R 上的函数，若存在两个不等实数12,x x R ∈,使得1212()()()22x x f x f x f ++=，则称函数()f x 具有性质P ,那么以下函数： ①1(0)()0(0)x f x xx ⎧≠⎪=⎨⎪=⎩； ②3()f x x =； ③2()1f x x =-； ④2()f x x =中，不具有性质P 的函数为（）（A ）① （B ）② （C ）③ （D ）④三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）在△ABC 中，角A ，B ，C 的对边分别是a ，b ，c ，且2cos 2+4cos()30A B C ++=. （1）求角A 的大小；（2）若3=a ，3=+c b ，求b 和c 的值.18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图：正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，底面边长为2，1BC 与底面ABCD 所成角的大小为arctan 2，M 是1DD 的中点，N 是BD 上的一动点，设(01)DN DB λλ=<<u u u r u u u r.（1）当1=2λ时，证明：MN 与平面11ABC D 平行；（2）若点N 到平面BCM 的距离为d ，试用λ表示d ，并求出d 的取值范围.19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）2018年世界人工智能大会已于2018年9月在上海徐汇西岸举行，某高校的志愿者服务小组受大会展示项目的启发，会后决定开发一款“猫捉老鼠”的游戏.如下图：A 、B 两个信号源相距10米，O 是AB 的中点，过O 点的直线l 与直线AB 的夹角为045.机器猫在直线l 上运动，机器鼠的运动轨迹始终满足：接收到A 点的信号比接收到B 点的信号晚8v 秒(注：信号每秒传播0v 米).在时刻0t 时，测得机器鼠距离O 点为4米. （1）以O 为原点，直线AB 为x 轴建立平面直角坐标系（如图），求时刻0t 时机器鼠所在位置的坐标；（2）游戏设定：机器鼠在距离直线l 不超过1.5米的区域运动时，有“被抓”的风险.如果机器鼠保持目前的运动轨迹不变，是否有“被抓”风险？20.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）对于项数为(3)m m ≥的有穷数列{}n a ，若存在项数为1m +，公差为d 的等差数列{}n b ，使得1k k k b a b +<<，其中1,2,,k m =…，则称数列{}n a 为“等差分割数列”. （1）判断数列{}:1,4,8,13n a 是否为“等差分割数列”，并说明理由；（2）若数列{}n a 的通项公式为2(1,2,,)nn a n m ==L ，求证：当5m ≥时，数列{}n a 不是“等差分割数列”；（3）已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为43(1,2,,)n a n n m =+=L ，且数列{}n a 为“等差分割数列”.1A若数列{}n b 的首项13b =，求数列{}n b 的公差d 的取值范围（用m 表示） .21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）已知函数()1y f x =，()2y f x =，定义函数()()()()()()()112212,,f x f x f x f x f x f x f x ≤⎧⎪=⎨>⎪⎩.（1）设函数()()()11210,2x f x f x x -⎛⎫==≥ ⎪⎝⎭求函数()y f x =的值域；（2）设函数()1lg(1)f x p x =-+（10,2x p <≤为实常数），()21lg f x x= 102x ⎛⎫<≤⎪⎝⎭，当102x <≤时，恒有()()1,f x f x =求实常数p 的取值范围；（3）设函数12()2,()32,x x pf x f x -==⋅p 为正常数，若关于x 的方程()f x m =(m 为实常数）恰有三个不同的解，求p 的取值范围及这三个解的和（用p 表示）.参考答案一、填空题：(共54分，第1~6题每题4分；第7~12题每题5分)1. {}14，2. 2log (1)x -3. (0,+)∞4. 36π5.6. 67. 1(2,0)0,4⎛⎤-⋃ ⎥⎝⎦ 8. []2,4- 9. 34 10. 611. [3,3]- 12.40372π 二、选择题：(共20分，每题5分)13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 三、解答题17、解：（1）由2cos 2+4cos()30A B C ++=，得01)cos(4cos 42=+++C B A ，…（2分）因为π=++C B A ，所以A C B cos )cos(-=+，故0)1cos 2(2=-A ，…………（4分）所以，21cos =A ，3π=A ． ………………（6分）（2）由余弦定理，A bc c b a cos 2222-+=，得322=-+bc c b ， ………………（8分）33)(2=-+bc c b ，得2=bc ， ………………（10分）由⎩⎨⎧==+,2,3bc c b 解得⎩⎨⎧==,1,2c b 或⎩⎨⎧==.2,1c b ……………（14分）18、解：(1) 因为1C 是1BC 上的点，且1C 在平面ABCD 上的射影是C ，即BC 是1BC 在平面ABCD 上的射影，于是1C BC ∠是1BC 与底面ABCD 所成的角，而111tan 22CC CC C BC BC ∠===,所以14CC =. ………（2分）如图，以D 为原点，直线DA 为x 轴，直线DC 为y 直线1DD 为z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系.连结1BD ，因为M 是1DD 的中点，N 是BD 中点，所以1//MN BD ， ………（4分）于是1//MN BD u u u u r u u u u r ，令1()MN tBD t R =∈u u u u r u u u u r. 设1n u r 是平面11ABC D 的法向量，则11n BD ⊥u r u u u u r ，于是11111()0n MN n tBD tn BD ⋅=⋅=⋅=u r u u u u r u r u u u u r u r u u u u r ，即1n MN ⊥u r u u u u r ，又因为MN 不在平面11ABC D 内，所以MN 与平面11ABC D 平行. (2)由于(2,2,0),(0,2,0),(0,0,2)B C M ，于是(2,0,0),(0,2,2)CB CM ==-u u u r u u u u r. ………（设平面BCM 的法向量2(,,)n x y z =u u r，因为220,0n CB n CM ⋅=⋅=u u r u u u r u u r u u u u r ，于是20220x y z =⎧⎨-+=⎩，取1y =，则平面BCM 的一个法向量为2(0,1,1)n =u u r.………（10分）因为(01)DN DB λλ=<<u u u r u u u r，于是(2,2,0)(01)N λλλ<<，则(2,2,2)MN λλ=-u u u u r， ………（11分）所以点N 到平面BCM的距离22,(0,1)||MN n d n λ⋅==∈u u u u r u u r u u r ，………（13分）从而d的取值范围是. ………（14分） 19、解：（1）设机器鼠在点(,)P x y 处，则由题意，得0088PA PB v AB v -=⋅=< 所以，P 为以A 、B 为焦点，实轴长为8，焦距为10 的双曲线右支上的点，……（2分）该双曲线的方程为()2214169x y x -=≥， ………（4分）又4PO =，解得(4,0)P ，即在时刻0t 时，机器鼠所在位置的坐标为40（，）. ………（6分）（2）与直线l 平行且距离不超过1.5的直线方程为(2y x m m =+≤……（8分）考虑(2y x m m =+≤与()2214169x y x -=≥是否有交点， 2222217321614405764032169x y x mx m m y x m ⎧-=⎪⇒+++=⇒∆=-⎨⎪=+⎩……（10分）因为2m ≤，所以0∆< ……（12分）所以，(2y x m m =+≤与()2214169x y x -=≥没有交点，即机器鼠保持目前的运动轨迹不变，没有“被抓”风险. ……（14分） 20、解：(1)因为存在等差数列1,3,7,11,15-， ……（2分）满足113478111315-<<<<<<<<，所以数列{}:1,4,8,13n a 是“等差分割数列”. ……（4分） (2)当5m ≥时，若存在公差为d ，项数为1m +项的等差数列{}n b 满足：1k k k b a b +<<，其中1,2,,k m =…，则有1234562481632m b b b b b b b <<<<<<<<<<<<…，……（6分）于是32826d b b =-<-=，所以633681826b b <+⨯<+=，与632b >矛盾， ……（8分）即5m ≥时，{}n a 不是“等差分割数列”. ……（10分） (3)由题意知,111213141512345b a b d a b d a b d a b d a b d <<+<<+<<+<<+<<+<… 11(1)m b m d a b md <+-<<+，于是一方面11213111114,()4,()4,,()423m d a b d a b d a b d a b m>-=>-=>-=>-=…，所以4d >. ……（11分）另一方面，2131411111,(),(),,()231m d a b d a b d a b d a b m <-<-<-<--…， ……（13分）由于111114()()12(1)(2)m m a b a b m m m m -----=----，又因为3m ≥，于是11111()()12m m a b a b m m --<---，所以114()11m md a b m m <-=--.……（15分）综上所述，441md m <<-. ……（16分）21、解：（1）因为()()12111f f ==，当[]0,1x ∈时，()1f x 单调递增；当()1,x ∈+∞时，()1212x f x -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭单调递减.所以 ()111,12x x f x x -≤≤=⎨⎛⎫>⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎩ ……（2分）当01x ≤≤时，()[]0,1f x ∈；当1x >时，()()0,1f x ∈()y f x ∴=值域为[]0,1……（4分）（2）102x <≤时，()()1f x f x =恒成立，等价于()()12,f x f x ≤对102x <≤恒成立，即()1lg 1lg ,p x x -+≤ 11p x x -+≤，11,p x x -≤-1111p x x x-+≤-≤-即1111x p x x x -+≤≤+-对102x <≤恒成立， ……（5分）11x x ⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭Q 在10,2x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦上递增12x ∴=时，max 11+12x x ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭……（7分）又11 xx⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭Q在10,2 x⎛⎤∈⎥⎝⎦上递减，12x∴=时，min1312xx⎛⎫+-=⎪⎝⎭……（9分）1322p∴-≤≤……（10分）（3）11()(),f x f x=-Q22()()f p x f p x+=-∴函数12(),()f x f x图像分别关于直线0,x x p==对称.当x R∈时，若1()()f x f x=恒成立，等价于12()()f x f x≤恒成立，即232x x p-≤⋅即23x x p--≤，即2log3x x p--≤恒成立.当0p>时，设(),(0)2,(0),()p xg x x x p x p x pp x p-<⎧⎪=--=-≤≤⎨⎪>⎩max()g x p∴=，故20log3p<≤成立.……（12分）当20log3p<≤时，1()()f x f x=()(][)1,00+f x-∞∞Q为偶函数，且在上递减、，上递增，方程()f x m=最多有两个解.如下图.故关于x的方程()f x m=恰有三个不同的解，则2log3p>……（14分）当0x≤时，()()()()12122,x p xf x f x f x f x--=<<=从而当x p≥时，1()222x p x pf x-==⋅>2log3222()x p f x-⋅=从而2()().f x f x=当0x p<<时，1()2xf x=及2()32p xf x-=⋅由00232,x p x-=⋅得2log32px+=显然2log32px p+<=<表明x在0与p之间Q在(]00,x x∈时，1()2xf x=递增，2()32p xf x-=⋅递减；在(),x x p∈时，1()2xf x=递增，2()32p xf x-=⋅递减1020(),(0)()(),()f x x x f x f x x x p <≤⎧∴=⎨<<⎩综上可知，1020(),()()(),()f x x x f x f x x x ≤⎧=⎨>⎩……（16分）()f x 在(][]0,0,,x p -∞上单调减，在[][)00,,,x p +∞上单调增. 如下图故关于x 的方程()f x m =恰有三个不同的解，则3m =或20log 3210()22p x m f x +===01当3m =时，三个解的和为p ……（17分） 02当20log 3210()22p x m f x +===时，三个解的和为203log 32.2p p x --=……（18分）更多高考数学信息，请关注。

(完整版)2019徐汇松江高三数学二模

考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年第二学期高三(二模)历史教学质量检测试卷(解析版)

2019年上海市徐汇区高考历史二模试卷一、选择题（共40分）每小题2分，共40分，每题只有一个正确选项．1．（2分）七月初七是中国传统的“乞巧节”（学习纺织工艺的节日，又称中国的情人节），它起源于我国古代“牛郎与织女”的美丽传说。

这一节日形成的原因是（）A．古代人民对美好爱情的向往B．人们对神话传说的钟爱C．自然经济长期占据主导地位D．人们对牛郎与织女遭遇的同情2．（2分）春秋战国时期，主张“民贵君轻”的思想家是（）A．孔子B．孟子C．老子D．韩非子3．（2分）唐太宗为回应吐蕃使者联姻的请求，准备起草诏令，负责此事的是（）A．中书省B．尚书省C．门下省D．政事堂会议4．（2分）明史专家吴晗描述我国古代的君臣关系，大臣从“坐而论道……（到）在皇帝面前无坐处……（再到）跪着说话了”。

这种君臣间的礼仪从侧面反映了（）A．礼仪制度逐渐规范B．君臣关系日益紧张C．皇权不断得到加强D．对地方控制更规范5．（2分）下列哪一时期最能体现出“天子者，兵强马壮者居之”的主张（）A．汉朝前期B．唐代中期C．五代时期D．明代中叶6．（2分）宋代实行文官体制的根本目的是为了（）A．以文制武B．重文轻武C．加强兵权D．巩固皇权7．（2分）最初确立“金瓶挚签”制度，以“维护西藏地区的稳定……加强中央对西藏地区的管辖”的皇帝是（）A．康熙帝B．雍正帝C．乾隆帝D．光绪帝8．（2分）某同学在向别人介绍《史记》与《资治通鉴》时，归纳了两本书的共性。

下列说法错误的是（）A．两本书作者是同一姓氏B．两本书都具很高文学价值C．两本书编撰的体例相同D．两本书都属历史颠峰著作9．（2分）在近代民权思想的影响下，下列哪一个国家人民的权利最先获得保障（）A．独立战争后的美国B．光荣革命后的英国C．大革命之后的法国D．工业革命后的德国10．（2分）“全世界无产者，联合起来。

”这句口号出自（）A．《四洲志》B．《社会契约论》C．《论法的精神》D．《共产党宣言》11．（2分）日本明治维新期间，明治政府为“鼓励人民之工业”采取的政策是（）A．奉还版籍B．富国强兵C．殖产兴业D．文明开化12．（2分）林肯政府为扭转南北战争初期不利局势的举措是颁布了（）①《独立宣言》②《1787年宪法》③《解放宣言》④《宅地法》A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④13．（2分）陈独秀在《本志罪案之答辩书》中写道：“此时正是我们中国用德先生的意思废了君主第八年的开始。

2019上海徐汇区高三二模英语及答案

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2019.4 I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B.In the hotel.C.At a bus stop.D.In a subway station.2. A. The lady has to go ask for help.B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.C. The lady has to have black coffee.D. The lady has had too much black coffee.3. A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.D. The paintings are highly priced.4. A. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.B. The man will take the flight on Sep 16.C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep. 16.D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep 20.5. A. A soccer game.B. A bicycle race,C. A swimming game.D. A Marathon running race.6. A.Skirt, B Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.7. A. She wants another steak.B. She doesn't like the steak.C. She is too full to have anything more.D. She is full of energy.8. A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoonB. The man should continue with his exercise.C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.D. The man should start to exercise one month later.9. A. It would be very cold today.B. It would get warm today.C. The cold front would stay for long.D. The weather report was wrong.10. A. To drive a long way home.B. To serve as a good mechanic.C. To buy a new car.D. To get her car maintained.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide whích one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Many people like to eat dog meat.B. The world is too competitive.C. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.12. A. A sick dog.B. A watch dog.C. A junkyard dog.D. A barking dog.13. A. He is probably to make his wife madder.B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog tired.C. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.D. He probably will stay in the doghouse.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Zhuyun Art Museum shows China's modern culture, art and history.B. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading's native culture, art and history.C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading' s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.D. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading' s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.15. A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.B. To store as much art crafts as possible.C. To serve the locals to meet their diverse art demands. ,kaoD. To set a shelter for local modem artists.16. A. The earliest Buddha statues in it is about 2500 years old.B. This museum holds over 1000 Buddha statues.C. The exhibits in, it are made of a variety of materials.D. The exhibits represent ancient people s delicate techniques and intllience.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Teacher and student.B. Consultant and parent.C. Consultant and headmaster.D. Doctor and patient.18. A. He withdrew some money from his parents bank account,B. He mixed with some bad guys, which influenced his study.C. He was not as attentive as before.D. He watched too much TV at home.19. A. She was annoyed.B. She was indifferent.C. She was confused.D. She was anxious.20. A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. All roads lead to Rome/C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of record slogged in the famous Guinness Book of Records, Created in 1955after a debate (21)________ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22)________ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23)________ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink,became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time,the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries quite a leap from its humble beginnings. In its early years, the book set its sights on (24)________ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter; moved "wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed. or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives; the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25)________ some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?" Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, 1itle-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26)________ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled (用真假嗓音交替唱) non-stop for ten and a quarter hours. In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet, No longer (27)________ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion (燃烧) engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking. however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28)________ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29)________(evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30)________ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beLike many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident Eduardo Jimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and he even set up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems. However, when (31)________ time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for his hard work. How did this happen? The answer comes. in the form of a small, brown, particularly smelly insect: the stink bug.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs, blueberries, corn, and kiwifruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do litle damage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables (32)________. For this reason, stink bugs pose the most serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macro farmers have more (33)________ in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. While hobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macro farmers are forced to live with the loss of entire tracts of cash crops -a fact that has left many (34)________ able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged. Pennsylvania lost half of its.peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, apple farmers in the mid-Atlantic states lost S37 million.This year could be worse. As a result of this (35)________ in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen (36)________ sometimes quite dramatic in prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland are up 8%. In the north-Atlantic states, prices for peppers shot up an astonishing 14%. Not only are these itemsbecoming more expensive, but they are also getting harder to find. Last week, Marge Jenkins of Athens, Georgia reported having to check three different stores before encountering a decent batch of peas. And this, she assures us, is a regular (37)________. Accidentally brought from Asia, the stink bug has no natural (38)________ in America, and thus its population is rising sharply. Reported sightings of stink bugs are becoming increasingly numerous, as the dried, brown, trapezoidal(不规则四边形) shells of the dead bugs are everywhere in some areas. This has farmers and scientists alike (39)________ their heads in search of a remedy. Hope, they believe, may lie with an Asian parasitic wasp (黄蜂) , which helpfully lays its eggs inside stink bug eggs.The larvae (幼虫) of the wasp consume the stink bug from the inside. But the (40)________ of such a solution is still several years away, as scientists must first determine if it is safe for the wasp to be introduced into America. Until then,some farmers are resorting to homemade traps. Others have even contemplated the use of peacocks and praying mantises,which, they imagine, will gulp down the lit stinkers.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked. A, B, c and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas(睡衣)! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher (41)________ the students’ progress.The cyber school was (42)________ as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district's (43). public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can (44)________ with learning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused (45)________ and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids daily work.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn't (47)________ education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social (48)________. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, Il. agr ees. “I don't know how I could sit at a computer all day without (49)________ interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don't have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules,which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying (50)________.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to (51)________ what their kids do at home.Many parents have full- time jobs. How are they going to run their children's education, (52)________ in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning (53)________, but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more (54)________ schedules. Students often handle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after (55)________. We need to be responsible for working on our own, says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. We need to develop technology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. transformed43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized44. A. agree B. put up C. go D. interfere45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. instruction46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. unaffected47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. make up48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. identification49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely54. A. sustainable B. flexible C. relevant D. optimistic55. A. school B. study C. graduation D. education Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ABeing able to land safely is a critically importantskill- for all flying animals. Whereas terrestrial animalsface no particular challenge when they need to stoprunning or crawling. flying animals move at much higherspeeds, and they must be careful about how they land.Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speedwould be quite dangerous. Before touching down, theymust decrease their speed in order to land safely. Bothbats and birds have mastered the skill of landing,butthese two types of flyers go about it quite differently.In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings incorporate(结合) both their front and hind 1imbs(后肢) . This makes their limbs working together more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land- -upside down! Unlike birds, which touchdown on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. How do they do it? ïA group of researchers recently used video cameras to film bats landing on nets suspended from the ceiling of their laboratory and studied the recordings in slow motion. They painted spots on the bats"wings to see in detail what happens to the wings in flight and during touchdown. It turns out that the bats flew in a straight line up to the net and then quickly flipped over and attached themselves to it upside down. One disadvantage to this landing routine is that the bats often slam into their landing spot with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly rests on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.56. In line 1, the word terrestrial is closest in meaning to________.A. high-flyingB. fast-movingC. tee-climbingD. ground-living57. According to the passage, what skill is crucial for flying animals?A. Diving underwater.B. Slowing down to land.C. Flying over great distances.D. Balancing on high branches.58. According to the passage, what is an advantage that bats have over birds?A. Bats can land on a greater variety of surfaces.B. Bats can tum in the air more quickly.C. Bats can eat while flying.D. Bats are lighter.59. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.BMilton Hershey was born near the small village of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, in 1857. He only attended school through the fourth grade; at that point, he was apprenticed (做学徒) to a printer in a nearby town. After a while, he left the printing business and was apprenticed to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania candy maker. And at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Phỉladelphia. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.After the failure of his Philadelphia store, Milton headed for Denver, where he learned the art of making caramels (焦糖). Then in Denver, Milton once again attempted to open his own candy-making businesses, in Chicago, New Orleans,and New York City. Finally, in 1886, he went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he raised the money necessary to try again.This company- - the Lancaster Caramel Company -established Milton's reputation as a master candy maker.In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements. Fascinated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster candy factory and began producing chocolate,which he used for coating his caramels. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary (F 2H] ) of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but reserved the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate.He believed that a large market 'of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to produce reasonably priced candy. He was right.Milton Hershey returned to the village where he had been born, in the heart of dairy country, and opened his chocolate manufacturing plant. With access to all the fresh milk he needed, he began producing the finest milk chocolate. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world. The sweets created at this facility are favorites around the world.The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania. Within the first decades of its existence,the town of Hershey thrived, as did the chocolate business. A bank, a school. churches, a department store, even a park and a trolley system all appeared in short order; the town soon even had a z0o. Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey's Chocolate World -a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut Butter Cup. All of these things and a huge number of happy chocolate lovers -were made possible because a caramel maker visited the Chicago Exposition of 1893!60. The mention of the 1893 Exposition indicates that________.A. the exposition in Chicago is held once every three years.B. the theme of the exposition of 1893 was Food from Around the World.C. the exposition contained displays from a variety of countries.D. the site of the exposition is now a branch of the Hershey Chocolate Company.61. According to the passage, Milton Hershey sold his caramel company in.A.1894.B. 1900C.1904.D.190562. What can you infer from the passage?A. Chocolate is popular in every country in the world.B. Reeses Peanut Butter Cups are manufactured by the Hershey Chocolate Company.C. Chocolate had never been manufactured ỉn the United States before Milton Hershey did it,D. The Hershey Chocolate Company now makes. more money from Hershey's Chocolate World than from the manufacture and sale of chocolate.63. The author wrote this passage mainly to _________A. recount the founding of the Hershey Chocolate Company.B. describe the process of manufacturing chocolate.C. compare the popularity of chocolate to other candies.D. explain how apprenticeships work.CLike their ancient toga- wearing counterparts, modern phỉlosophers continue to disagree on the nature of freewill. Dowe really have any control over the choices we make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?Theories of freewill vary, but the ancient words of Plato still line up with our modem perceptions(概念) of temptation and willpower. The respected Greek philosopher argued that the human experience is one of constant struggle between the intellect and the body, between rationality and desire. Along these lines, true freedom is only achievable when will power unchains us from bodily, emotional, instinctual slavery.You can find similar thoughts throughout world religions, most of which offer a particular and often difficult path to rise above our darker natures.And science? Well, science mostly agrees with all of this. Willpower is all about overcoming your natural desires to eat cupcakes, skip your morning workout, play games on mobile phone, hit the snooze alarm and check your e-mail during a funeral.Your willpower, however, is limited. If life were a video game, you'd see a glowing "willpower" or "ego" (自我) at the top of the screen next to your "life" meter. Successfully resist one temptation, and the meter drains a little. The next temptation drains the "willpower" meter even more, until there's nothing left at all.nOur modern scientific understanding of willpower in large part stems from a 1996 research experiment involving chocolate and radishes (C JI.3 K). Psychologist Roy Baumeister led a study in which 67 test subjects were presented with tempting chocolate chíp cookies and other chocolate- flavored treats before a persistence testing puzzle. Here's the catch:The researchers asked some of the participants to withdraw from sweets and snack on radishes instead.Baumeister's results told a fascinating story. The test subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes performed poorly on the persistence test. They simply didn't have the willpower left to resist slacking off (松懈).The research inspired more than a thousand additional studies discussing everything from the influence of positive messages to the ego-sapping power of daily decisionsStudies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity is essentially your working memory, which you employ when resisting a temptation .. or holding a string of numbers in your head. A 1999 study from the University of Iowa professor Baba Shiv found that people tasked with remembering a two-digit number held out better than people remembering a seven-digit number when tempted with chocolate cake.64. What do you understand by 'freewill?A. The control we have over the choices.B. The choices we make and the things we desireC. The choices that philosophers force us to makeD. Our perception of temptation.65. According to Plato, when is true freedom available?A. When there is a struggle between the intellect and the bodyB. When our willpower helps us to overcome our basic instinctsC. When we desire that which we cannot achieveD. When we have no control over our ego66. What is meant by 'cognitive capacity'?A Willpower to realize one's own ego.B. Our ability to overcome temptationC. Our ability to remember things.D. The desire to give in to temptationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given inthe box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youMany people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. (67)____________.Statistically, there are more than 2000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.(68)_________________Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That's because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. (69)_____________ Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our. opinion the problem is very challenging, and its quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem.(70)_____________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It's true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicole, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not,。

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考试时间60 分钟，试卷满分100 分。

一、选择题（共40 分，每小题2 分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）：1.烫发时，先用还原剂使头发角蛋白的二硫键断裂，再用卷发器将头发固定形状，最后用氧化剂使角蛋白在新的位置形成二硫键。

这一过程改变了角蛋白的A.空间结构B．氨基酸种类C．氨基酸数目D．氨基酸排列顺序2.下列各种疾病中，由与右图同类生物的病原体引起的是A.血友病B. 艾滋病C. 结核病D. 坏血病3.肝脏细胞将甘油三酯运送到血液的脂蛋白形式是A.高密度脂蛋白（HDL）B. 低密度脂蛋白（LDL）C. 极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）D. 乳糜微粒（CM）4.“观察抗生素对微生物的抑制作用”的实验中，下述操作不合理的是A．选用液体培养基B．用涂布法接种C. 培养基高压灭菌D．倒置培养5.某同学设计了单侧光刺激下的植物向光弯曲实验，实验结束后，取植物弯曲部分制作临时切片，置显微镜下观察，结果如下图。

下列结论可据图得出的是A.b 侧产生的生长素大于a 侧B.生长素影响细胞的伸长生长C.生长素的化学本质是吲哚乙酸D.生长素低浓度起促进作用，高浓度起抑制作用6.基因型为AaBb 的马铃薯要得到基因型为aabb 的后代，可采用的生殖方式是A.分裂生殖B. 出芽生殖C. 营养繁殖D. 有性生殖7.下列各图箭头表示兴奋在神经元之间和神经纤维上传导方向，其中不正确的是8.细菌抗药性基因频率升高的原因是A.定向变异B．用进废退C．自然选择D．大量繁殖9.右图是一个细胞的染色体组成示意图，据图分析这个细胞是：A.单倍体B.二倍体C.三倍体D.四倍体10.真核细胞具有一些能显著增大膜面积、有利于酶的附着以提高代谢效率的结构，下列不属于此类结构的是A.神经细胞的树突B．线粒体的嵴C．甲状腺细胞的内质网D．叶绿体的基粒11.人体骨髓中存在少量间充质干细胞(MSC)，该类型细胞能发生如图所示变化.则MSC 属于A.不分裂细胞B.胚胎干细胞C.单能干细胞D.多能干细胞12.下图所示为植物水毛茛的生长现象。

水毛茛的叶在水中与水面上性状不同，这说明A.环境因素引起基因突变B．基因型和环境条件共同决定表现型C．环境因素引起染色体变异D．环境因素引起基因重组13.下图为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中①、②、③表示代谢过程，字母表示物质。

据图分析下列表述正确的是A. ①是糖酵解B. ②为三羧酸循环C. ③有氧气生产D. X 只可能是H2O14.在生物体内，下列生理活动只能单向进行的是A.质壁分离过程中水分子的扩散B. DNA 和RNA 之间互为模板合成C. 必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸之间相互转化D. 活细胞内ATP 与ADP 的转化15.某同学在显微镜下观察到某种细胞的分裂图像，对该图像分析正确的是A.该图可能是高等植物根尖细胞的分裂图像B.该图细胞中每条染色体中含有两条脱氧核苷酸链C.该图可能是有丝分裂后期的图像D.该图可能是动物细胞的分裂图像16.如图T2 菌体、乳酸菌、酵母菌和家兔体内遗传物质组成中五碳糖、碱基和核苷酸的种类，其中与实际情况相符的是A.T2 噬菌体B. 乳酸C. 酵母菌D. 家兔17.在下列关于机体水和电解质调节的叙述中,正确的是A.血浆渗透压降低时,引起口渴B.机体失水时,抗利尿激素分泌减少C.血浆渗透压降低时,抗利尿激素增加D.机体失水时,血浆渗透压升高18.下列细胞中,属于果蝇配子并能形成受精卵的是A.甲与乙B.乙与丙C.乙与丁D.丙与丁19.下列关于微生物传染病的说法正确的是①进入人体内的病原菌，定居的位置具有高度的专一性②某种微生物传染病的易感人群人数越多群体免疫力越强③流感病毒因为容易发生变异而使疫苗种类多且有效性高④隐性感染能够获得对该病的免疫力A．①②B．③④C．①④D．②③20.某种昆虫控制翅色的等位基因种类共有四种，分别为V A、V B、V D、v。

其中V A、V B、V D、均对v 为显性。

V A、V B、V D、互为显性，都可以表现出各自控制的性状。

该昆虫体细胞中的基因成对存在，则基因型种类和翅色性状种类依次分别为A．10 和10 B．10 和7 C．15 和11 D．25 和15二、综合题（共 60 分）（一）回答下列有关细胞与细胞分裂等方面的问题（12 分）。

下图为肌细胞部分结构示意图。

肌细胞中的 Ca2+储存在肌细胞的特殊内质网——肌浆网中。

肌浆网膜上的 Ca2+-ATP 酶可将细胞质中的Ca2+运回肌浆网，以维持肌细胞的正常功能。

为研究不同训练方式对肌细胞功能的影响，科研人员将发育状况一致的健康雄性大鼠随机均分为三组进行实验，定期检测 Ca2+-ATP 酶活性，结果如下表所示。

请回答问题：21.肌细胞是（增值细胞/暂不增值细胞/不增值细胞），借助仪器在肌细胞内是否能够看到含染色单体的染色体;在正常情况下，染色体中的姐妹染色单体。

A.含有相同的遗传信息B．含有等位基因C．分别来自父方和母方D．不含有非等位基因22.兴奋传到肌细胞膜后，第一步是神经递质与细胞膜上的受体结合，形成“神经递质- 受体复合物”，这一过程体现了细胞膜的功能。

被激活的“神经递质-受体复合物”能引起Ca2+由肌浆网释放到细胞质中，引起肌肉收缩反射活动。

Ca2+能够引起肌肉收缩说明。

23.Ca2+—ATP 酶是肌质网膜上的重要成分，其合成与密切相关。

Ca2+-ATP 酶以方式将细胞质中的 Ca2+运回肌浆网内，据上图可知，肌细胞适应这一功能的结构特点是该细胞中有较多的。

24.由实验数据分析可知，无氧训练组第6周的 Ca2+-ATP酶活性第4周和对照组，其原因是，因此平时锻炼建议采取。

请结合表格数据说明原因。

（二）回答下列有关人体生命活动调节的问题。

（13 分）人体内环境稳态的维持，依赖于神经—体液—免疫调节机制。

下图表示人体内某些信息传递机制的模式图，字母a-e 表示信息分子，数字表示相关生理过程或细胞。

25.图中的信息分子c为，e 为。

26.下列图中所列的信息分子不是通过血液运输到组织细胞发挥作用的是。

A．a B．b C．c D．d27.人体内信息分子 a 的分泌受到和两种信息分子的调节，这是一种调节机制。

28.在寒冷刺激下，下丘脑的中枢兴奋，引起骨骼肌颤栗。

同时还可促进的分泌，并通过加速物质氧化分解来增加产热量。

当流感病毒侵入人体后，患者体温持续维持38℃，此时机体产热量(小于/等于/大于)散热量。

退烧时体温下降，机体增加散热的途径有。

(多选)A.汗腺分泌增加B. 肾上腺素分泌量增加C. 立毛肌收缩D. 皮肤血管舒张29.如果图中d 作用的组织细胞是肝细胞，请写出细胞中发生的物质变化：。

30.当②受到病原体刺激后，会大量增殖产生很多细胞，其增殖过程中，不可能出现（仅考虑染色体行为）的分裂图像是（多选）。

(三)人类遗传病及其预防(10 分)某校小花老师患有腓骨肌萎缩症（CMT）（此病是一组神经遗传病，相关基因用 A、a表示），此病遗传方式有多种类型，病情严重者可见小腿和大腿下 1/3 肌萎缩，并伴有不同程度的感觉障碍。

小花的爸爸、哥哥、妹妹不患病，但母亲患病。

31.依据小花家庭成员患病情况判断，CMT 遗传病的遗传方式不．可能是[ ]A.伴X 显性遗传B. 伴X 隐性遗传C. 常染色体显性遗传D. 常染色体隐性遗传32.若父亲不携带 CMT 致病基因，则致病基因位于[ ]A.常染色体B. X染色体C. Y染色体D. 常染色体或X染色体33.经过基因诊断，父亲个体携带有CMT 基因，则该病的遗传方式。

父亲的基因型是，父亲一个初级精母细胞中含有个致病基因。

34.小花的妹妹婚前应进行，以防止生出有遗传病的后代;小花进行产前诊断时可以抽取羊水，检测胎儿脱落上皮细胞的。

A.核糖核苷酸B．基因C．氨基酸D．脱氧核苷酸35.哥哥带有该致病基因，且该致病基因与ABO 血型系统中相关基因连锁。

已知爸爸、妈妈、哥哥血型分别是O、A、A 型。

哥哥与携带此病基因的O 型血女孩结婚，婚后生育胎儿是 A 型患病的概率（大于/小于/等于）O 型患病的概率，理由是。

（四）生物技术及生命科学应用（12 分）下图为“乙肝基因工程疫苗”的生产和使用过程，选用带有lacZ 基因的质粒，则质粒导入细菌后，细菌可利用加入培养基的物质X-gal，菌落显现出蓝色；若无该基因，菌落则成白色。

36.乙肝病毒结构中的是激发免疫反应的抗原。

37.过程①表示基因工程中的（步骤），过程① 选用的限制酶方案可以是（多选）。

A.EcoRV 和BamHI B．BamHI 和EcoRIC．EcoRV 和EcoRI D．只用BamHI38.获取目的基因的方法除了图中用酶切的方法从细胞中分离以外，还可以通过来获得。

39.为了筛选含目的基因的重组质粒的大肠杆菌，可在培养大肠杆菌的通用培养基中还应额外加入和，培养一段时间挑选出（蓝色/白色）的菌落进一步培养获得大量目的菌 B 大肠杆菌。

40.从分子水平写出A 大肠杆菌与B 大肠杆菌的三点不同：41.科学家们首先选择了大肠杆菌作为受体细胞，这是因为微生物具有的优点。

（写出2 点）（五）回答下列有关植物光合作用的问题。

（13 分）甲、乙两种植物净光合速率随光照强度的变化趋势如图甲所示。

图乙表示甲种植物初夏某天在遮光50%条件下，温度、光照强度、该植物净光合速率和气孔导度(气孔张开的程度) 的日变化趋势。

据图回答下列问题：42.光合作用过程中，水光解的作用是。

（多选）A.提供 e B．提供 H+C．使叶绿素分子活化D．为合成 ATP 提供能量43.在光照强度为 a 时，甲植物的净光合速率为0，表示此时甲植物的光合作用合成有机物的速率（大于/等于/小于）呼吸作用消耗有机物的速率；当光照强度由 a 点到b 这一阶段，限制净光合速率的主导因素主要影响光合作用的阶段。

当光照强度大于 b 时，甲、乙两种植物中，对光能的利用率较高的植物是。

44.甲、乙两种植物单独种植时，如果种植密度过大，那么净光合速率下降幅度较大的植物是，判断的依据是。

45.图乙中，12：00～14：00 时，在气孔导度、温度相对稳定条件下，净光合速率逐渐升高的主要原因是。

46. 据图乙分析，8：00～12：00 和 14：00～18：00 净光合速率都逐渐降低。

（1）8：00～12：00 时间段净光合速率降低的主要原因是。

（多选）A.因气孔导度相对较小，CO2供应不足，光合作用减弱B.因温度升高，呼吸作用增强C．因光强强度减小，光合作用减弱D．因温度、光强强度升高，光合作用减弱（2）请简述14：00～18：00 时间段净光合速率降低的主要原因是2018 学年第二学期徐汇区高中学业水平等级性监测考试生命科学试卷答案一、选择题（共 40 分，每小题 2 分。