英语重难点语法-考研英语(二)写作

英语重难点语法

第一讲句子构成成分分析

句子构成

构成句子的成分共分为九种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语和插入语。

一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing 、To do五种。

1 名词：

Success is the result of good judgment.

Life lights the candle of hope.

2 代词：

We live and learn.

I doubt, therefore I think. I think, therefore I am.

3 主语从句：

How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.

What is worth doing is worth doing well.

4 V-ing:

Losing can be a real beginning.

Believing in yourself is the secret of success.

5 To do:

To light the candle of heart is better than to curse the darkness of the outside wold.

To know is wisdom and to do is a skill.

二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。

1 表状态用系动词：

Life is full of ups and downs.

Life is hope and hope is life.

2 表动作用及物或不及物动词：

Many hands make light work.

I came I saw I conquered.

3 表拥有：人或物时用：have has 无生命的东西：there be

Every dog has its day.

In a full heart, there is room for everything.

4 情态动词＋动词原形：

A man may die, nations may fall, but an idea lives on.

三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing 、To do五种。

1 名词：

Reading enriches our mind.

Haste makes waste.

2 宾语从句：

Goals determine what you are going to be.

Temptation discovers what we are.

3 复合结构：

If you lack confidence you will find it hard to win.

4 V-ing:

You are never a loser until you quit trying.

Reading is like opening a window to the outside world.

5 To do:

Winners expect to win in advance.

One should learn to forgive.

四、表语：接在系动词后，补充说明主语的情况又称为主语补足语。常做表语的有名词、形容词、V-ing 、To do、从句五种。

1 名词：

Life is not a bed of roses.

Today is our only sure possession.

2 形容词：

Time is fleeting and art is long.

Change is constant.

3 V-ing:

Courage is doing what others think you can’t do.

Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.

4 To do:

To change attitude is to change life.

The proper function of man is to live, not to exist.

5 从句：

The real measure of success is how happy we are.

Love is what links two souls.

五、定语：修饰名词或类似于名词的词。一般翻译为“……..的”，表示事物性质或状态，分为前置或后置。常做定语的有形容词、名词、V-ing 、To do、从句五种。

1 形容词：

A warm smile is the universal language.

Each moment in history is a fleeting time.

2 名词：

Adversity teaches one a great deal about survival skills.

Life education is the basis for success in the knowledge society.

名词做定语（名词修饰名词重要原则：第一个名词一般用单数以下为常用名词修饰名词词组）

1 Information technology

2 Information center

3 Credit card

4 Generation gap

5 Beauty contest

6 Communication skills

7 Information age

8 Knowledge economy

9 Peace talks