大学英语六级阅读长难句解析(4).doc
（全）大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解,翻译
（全）大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解,翻译大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解，翻译Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影）of society: they mediate it too. 译文：学校不仅仅是社会的浓缩，它能反映最真实的现实。
词法：mediate，动词有表达，传递的意思。
此处的意思，要结合文章的主旨来理解。
逻辑推理：本句是引出文章主要内容的作用。
真实目的是通过学习表现社会贫富差距。
概括力极强的句子，在英语中要寻找真实的具体意义，见下句。
The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.译文：一流大学既想减少(外部)社会带给学生的压力，又想让学生深刻得了解社会，深入得接触社会——两全其美：不让学生经历风雨又想丰富他们的见识。
大学英语六级真题翻译理解要点：破折号的出现，说明本句话前后意思一致。
while 即表示同时，又表示转折。
即不想社会干扰学生，又想学生多接触社会，这是一处矛盾。
所以，at once 此处表述一个时间做两件事。
这里学校既想···又想···，正是下文提及的两处ideals。
This is ambitious in any circumstances and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地）.译文：这种完美的理想太难实现，而且在不和谐，贫富差距大的社会，会导致尖锐的矛盾。
英语六级阅读的真题长难句解析
英语六级阅读的真题长难句解析
1. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.
【译文】尽管大局部单独生活的.人是靠养老金生活的老年人，尤其是老年女性，但是最新消失的这群单身主义者却正值三十岁到四十岁的壮年。
这些人收入丰厚，渐渐把单身看作是一种生活方式的选择。
【析句】复合句。
主句the newest crop of singles are high earners..., who increasingly view living alone as...是定语从句修饰主句，而主句前while引导让步状语从句，具有转折语气。
2. Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
【译文】一位美国女科学家向新西兰州政府证明，一种基因改造细菌假如泄露到试验室外，可能会导致严峻破坏，随后生物科技产业的支持者对她的这种行为表示了剧烈责备。
英语六级经典长难句分析
英语六级经典长难句分析（15句）1. This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the have possible decisions which would prove fatal. (1992. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】这是个困难而又糟糕的事，因为如果动物出生后不得不从头学习生存本领，并且仅仅依靠尝试错误体验世界，那么只有极少数动物能够存活，因为它们做出的决定有可能是致命的。
【析句】复合句。
主句由and连接两个并列句子组成，This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive, and前的句子是简单句，and后的句子后又跟有if引导的条件状语从句和for 引导的原因状语从句for there are decisions, decisions又有which引导的定语从句修饰。
2. Vigorous criticism is constructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor because in it there are adequate standards ofvalidity which can be agreed upon by competent scientists the world over.(1992. 阅读. 6. Text 3)【译文】激烈的批评在科学界比在其他人类智慧领域更能起到建设性的作用，这是因为在科学世界里有足够多的有效标准，这些标准被全世界的优秀科学家们共同认可。
大学英语六级阅读真题长难句解析
大学英语六级阅读真题长难句解析下面是英语六级阅读真题长难句解析，供考生参考学习。
1. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.【译文】在某种程度上，尽管研究者们仍在努力研究意图发现维他命所起效果的真相，但是维他命对人体可能有的益处物超所值这种说法是有道理的。
【析句】复合句。
主句it makes sense to say, 后面是省略了that的宾语从句the potential benefit outweighs the cost.主句前，while引导让步状语从句，figuring out后where the truth lies作宾语从句。
2. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, and a recent trial found that folate in bination with vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.【译文】维他命已被证明能够减少胚胎的缺陷，并且最新试验证明叶酸和维生素B12以及B16的一种一起服用也能降低手术修复后动脉血管堵塞的可能性。
【析句】主句由and连接两个并列句，首先是Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式构造，然后是a recent trial found+宾语从句that folate in bination with...decreases the re-blockage of..., 注意in bination with用在句子中，谓语动词的单复数看前面的名词。
六级阅读真题长难句解析
六级阅读真题长难句解析六级阅读真题长难句解析1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。
【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的'主干。
很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but后的句子that is nonetheless the case 是简单句。
but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。
最后主句主语the notion 有that引导的定语从句修饰。
2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began.【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。
【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。
新六级阅读理解长难句200句解析
六级阅读理解长难句200句解析第一部分1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are makinga local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes ofa thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth's postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctantto go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question ― What is at the bottom of the oceans?‖ h ad to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.（1-20句译文）1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
大学英语六级长难句解析句
六级真题阅读长难句分析1.For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… turtles have struggled…。
For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。
be fore… 为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites and marine biologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。
lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。
【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。
2.The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered” —meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana…。
英语六级阅读真题长难句解析
英语六级阅读真题长难句解析精选下面是xx年6月英语六级阅读真题长难句解析，请考生仔细分析句子构造。
1. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, its possible to have a conversation with your kids, who----incidentally-----would have more time for their own parents .【译文】可能会做祖父母的老人们会被提醒，如果没有孙子孙女在身边，他们可能有更多的时机和自己的孩子聊聊天，他们的子女也可能顺便有更多的时间陪陪父母。
【析句】复合句。
主句Potential grandparents would be reminded that引导的宾语从句，用到了短语remind sb that宾语从句的被动语态。
宾语从句的主句是its more possible to have a conversation with your kids,who would have...parents作定语从句修饰kids，破折号中的incidentically在句中作would have的副词，起强调说明的作用。
而without grandchilren around是介词短语作伴随状语。
2. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.【译文】每月一期的时事通讯中会讲述一些父母不堪抚养重负的故事，并指导没有孩子的夫妻如何应对那些将要成为爷爷奶奶的老人们的游说策略。
【最新推荐】六级阅读真题长难句解析-优秀word范文 (1页)
【最新推荐】六级阅读真题长难句解析-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==六级阅读真题长难句解析1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。
【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。
很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。
but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。
最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。
2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began.【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。
【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。
英语六级阅读理解长难句剖析
英语六级阅读理解长难句剖析英语六级考试中的阅读理解部分，经常出现一些长难句，给考生阅读和理解造成一定困扰。
本文将对英语六级阅读理解中的长难句进行剖析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的题目。
1. 倒装句型：In no way did I expect him to show up at the party.这句话的正常语序应该是：I did not expect him to show up at the party in any way.倒装句即将助动词或情态动词提前，主语放在谓语动词之后，从而给句子增加了一定的难度。
考生在阅读中要注意寻找这类句子，分析句子结构的变化。
2. 强调句型：It is John who broke the vase.这句话的正常语序应该是：John broke the vase.强调句型通过将强调部分提到句首，突出某个成分，增加了句子的复杂性。
考生需要注意识别这类句子，理解强调的重点。
3. 定语从句：The book, which was recommended by my teacher, is worth reading.这句话中的定语从句“which was recommended by my teacher”修饰前面的名词“book”。
定语从句有两种结构：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对修饰的名词起限定性作用，不能省略；非限制性定语从句对修饰的名词起补充说明作用，可以省略。
4. 同位语从句：I have no idea what she is talking about.这句话中的同位语从句“what she is talking about”解释说明了前面的名词“idea”。
同位语从句用来解释说明某一名词的具体内容，起进一步补充说明的作用。
5. 宾语从句：He asked me whether I had finished my homework.这句话中的宾语从句“whether I had finished my homework”充当了动词“asked”的宾语。
6级英语长难句分析
六级长难句解析
大学英语六级考试的阅读理解历来就是长难句的展示舞台， 考生需要在短时间之内很好的理解长难句，从而理解文章的 结构和含义，而长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理 解的困难。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成 分或从句。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句 子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
22. Using this information, the amygdale appraises a situation—I think this charging dog wants to bite me—and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body.
2006-12
21. Losing everything you own under such circumstances can be distressing, but the people I’ve heard from all saw their loss, ultimately as a blessing.
2007-6
20. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into”—after all, it is assigned not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one’s social relations as well.
六级阅读真题长难句解析
六级阅读真题长难句解析关于六级阅读真题长难句解析下面是英语六级阅读真题长难句解析，供考生参考学习。
1. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave - and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.【译文】她回忆起看着轮船被火光照亮，慢慢沉入漆黑的墓穴，最后永远消失。
这场悲剧半个世纪以来极少被提起。
【析句】英语句子中存在多个动词时，常大量使用分词，保证句子中只有一个谓语动词。
本句中主句是She recalls watching the ship,recall是谓语动词，后面的一系列分词lit,slipping, mentioned的主语都是the ship，通过动作与the ship的主动被动关系决定使用的是现在分词还是过去分词。
在现在分词slipping后跟有两个并列的into短语。
2. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month.【译文】如今，德国诺贝尔奖作家冈特格拉斯用上个月最新出版的'《蟹行》一书重新将这份惨烈的记忆9000人死亡，其中有4000是儿童在人们心中唤起。
【析句】复合句。
主句Ginter Grass has revived the memory of the 9000 dead是主句，Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author 作主语的同位语。
大学英语六级真题阅读长难句分析
大学英语六级真题阅读长难句分析1. In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”—feeling important and worth-while-and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical. (1994. 阅读. 1. Text 4) 【译文】在我们的文化中，我们常说的“控制感”——感觉自己很重要有价值，与“快乐感”——发现生活的乐趣，它们的来源是不尽相同的。
【析句】例句1句子看起来很长，但结构并不复杂。
句子主干是the sources of... and the sources of...are not always identical,有两个并列的主语the sources of,而两个of后各有一个what引导的宾语从句what we call a sense of...。
同时，主语后各有一个现在分词伴随状语，位于破折号后。
2. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements). (1995. 阅读1. 1. Text 1)【译文】让人感到讽刺的是，那些阻碍我们了解别人的东西(比如秘密和欺骗)对于培养令人满意的友谊，或许与那些使我们准确了解别人的东西(比如坦白和真话)同样重要。
英语六级阅读真题长难句的解析
英语六级阅读真题长难句的解析下面是20XX年6月英语六级阅读真题长难句解析，请考生仔细分析句子构造。
1. Finally, advertisers try to begin mercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the mercial is buried.【译文】最后，广告商费尽心机使广告开始的声音不同于其他节目的声音。
【析句】复合句。
主句advertisers try to begin mercials with sounds,随后是that引导定语从句that are highly different from those of the programming修饰sounds,而定语从句中the programming后也有which引导的定语从句修饰。
2. But the developing countries may be impoverished, with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.【译文】但是，随着人口迅速增长，只能卖出土地以暂时防止贫苦和饥荒恶化，开展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗。
【析句】复合句。
主句the developing countries may be impoverished,with populations growing so rapidly that...是with引导伴随状语。
可以看出，with伴随状语中运用了so...that...词组，而that引导句子using the land is a means to avoid...。
四六级阅读之长难句分析
However amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week。 e. 在the +比较级---the+比较级句式中，只是把形容词或副 词置于句首，句子仍然采用陈述语序。
call him Lao Li
find sb. out
ask sb. to do sth. have sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. have sth. done.
同位语
a.名词、代词之后, 解释说明作用；
b.可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
c.表现形式：
名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
二、句子成分
1、句子成分由词、词组、句子充当。 2、6种基本成分：
主语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子<主语从句> When he will come is unknown. Why Mr. Wang quarrels with Ms. Fan interests him .
of the latest successes in modern science and technology. 5．主语＋及物动词＋复合宾语（即宾语＋宾语补足语）（A tells B to do
something） Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-
大学英语四六级语法真题长难句解析
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：连接词断开,结束于下一个连接词前
Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their messages out to mobile-phone users in a big way. CET-4, 201312 选词填空
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：连接词断开,结束于第二个谓语动词前
Though the United States has fewer women in the workforce, American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work fulltime and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals. CET-6, 201406长篇阅读
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：分析主谓
This is the best movie I have seen.
主谓
主谓
The present he gave me was very amazing.
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：分析主谓
This is the best movie I have seen.
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：连接词断开,结束于第二个谓语动词前
六级阅读长难句结构分析最新经典（四）
六级阅读长难句结构分析最新经典（四）六级阅读长难句结构分析最新经典一百句(四)76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.[参考译文] 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。
消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。
77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.[参考译文] 相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
(全)大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解,翻译
大学英语六级真题卷-阅读理解长难句拆解，翻译Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影）of society: they mediate it too. 译文：学校不仅仅是社会的浓缩，它能反映最真实的现实。
词法：mediate，动词有表达，传递的意思。
此处的意思，要结合文章的主旨来理解。
逻辑推理：本句是引出文章主要内容的作用。
真实目的是通过学习表现社会贫富差距。
概括力极强的句子，在英语中要寻找真实的具体意义，见下句。
The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.译文：一流大学既想减少(外部)社会带给学生的压力，又想让学生深刻得了解社会，深入得接触社会——两全其美：不让学生经历风雨又想丰富他们的见识。
大学英语六级真题翻译理解要点：破折号的出现，说明本句话前后意思一致。
while即表示同时，又表示转折。
即不想社会干扰学生，又想学生多接触社会，这是一处矛盾。
所以，at once 此处表述一个时间做两件事。
这里学校既想···又想···，正是下文提及的两处ideals。
This is ambitious in any circumstances and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地）.译文：这种完美的理想太难实现，而且在不和谐，贫富差距大的社会，会导致尖锐的矛盾。
大学英语六级真题长难句解析翻译要点：ambitious，这里是耗时，耗力，难以实现的意思。
6月英语六级阅读真题长难句解析
6月英语六级阅读真题长难句解析1. It is the capacity of the puter for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.【译文】正是电脑解决问题、做出决定的能力，不仅表现出它的宏大潜力，也使得预测社会影响方面困难重重。
【析句】本句的主干是强调句句型，It is...that..., 特别之处在于有两个并列的that从句，即It is the capacityof...that represents...and that pees...。
for solving problems and making decisions是介宾短语作目的状语。
2. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.【译文】约翰杜威曾经非常严肃地指出：风俗在塑造个人行为方面所起的作用，与个人对传统风俗产生的任何影响相比，其比率就如同个人学习母语的总词汇量，与他的自发的孩童语言成为其家庭语言的词汇量之比。
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2019年6月大学英语六级阅读长难句解析（4）
英语六级阅读长难句解析(4)
1. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)
人落水时，救生衣能否在正确的位置支撑起落水者十分重要，同样重要的是，即使是在人没有力气或是在陷入昏迷的情况下，救生衣也能使面朝下的落水者在水中站起来，或是身体稍微向后仰，使脸离开水面。
整句话的主干是The position is most important,as is its tendency to...即由主句和as引导的非限制性定语从句组成。
具体看来，主句the position后是介词+which引导的定语从句，position 在定语从句中作in的宾语，因此把in提前到which前。
in which 定语从句中又有who引导的定语从句修饰a person。
as引导的非限制性定语从句中，to turn the wearer from...to...是不定式短语作定语修饰its tendency，with his face clear of the water作伴随状语，
最后是when引导的时间状语从句。
2. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)
合身的救生衣任何时候，无论在不在水中，都应该让穿着者感到舒服，既不会十分笨重，让人在船只遇险时不得不脱下救生衣求生，也不应限制落水者游泳自救的灵活性。
复合句。
主句A suitable life perserver should be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water作地点状语，not so heavy as to encourage...，nor so burdensome是形容词作伴随，包含句型not...，nor...;while the ship is in danger作时间状语从句，而nor后包含短语so...that...。
3. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
(1991. 阅读. Text 2)
这种假设是基于这样一种谬论：人的天性中就存在遗传惰性。
而事实上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日，无所用心。
句子主干是This assumption rests on;aside from，there would be very few who would，and who would。
分号连接两个并列分句。
在第二个分句中，介问短语aside from abnormally(特别地)lazy people作状语，主句是一个there be存在句，包含两个并列的由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰few.Rest on在此意为依据。
aside from相当于except，译为除了。