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专八系列之美国文学最全(格式整理+补充)

专八系列之美国文学最全(格式整理+补充)

美国文学Part 1. Colonial America1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传；2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利；Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代；3、Philip Freneau菲利普•弗伦诺1752-1832 ( Father of American Poetry)The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Part 2. American Romanticism4、Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；散文:The Sketch Book见闻札记;Rip Van Winkle 瑞普·凡·温克尔;The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷传说-使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉/西班牙见闻札记；5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍主题：战争；The Pilot领航者主题：大海；The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（成就最高）;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者;Part 3.New England Transcendentalism6、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然-超验主义圣经;The American Scholar论美国学者-美国知识分子独立宣言;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河;7、Henry David Threau亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862Wadden or Life in the Woods瓦尔登湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers8、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌-美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;诗集:Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事（An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life生命颂/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔）;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚-叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇-反蓄奴组诗9、Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales故事新编: The Minister's Black Veil教长的黑面纱;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的好小伙子布朗;Rappaccini’s Daughter 拉帕西尼医生的女儿T he Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Herman Melville赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比•迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利•巴德11、Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892 (free verse)Leaves of Grass草叶集-Democratic Bible:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉•迪金森诗集-“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的Because I Could Not Stop for Death 因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody.Who Are You? 我是无名小卒！你是谁？13、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;MS. Found in a Bottle瓶中手稿The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格街谋杀案The Black Cat黑猫The Gold-Bug金甲虫The Purloined Letter被窃之信Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔•阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦14、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特•比彻•斯托1811-1896Lincoln praised her as “the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war”. Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;The success of the work did a great service to the anti-slavery movement.A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们Part 4. The age of Realism15、William Dean Howells 威廉•狄恩•豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯•拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻;A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读16、Henry James享利•詹姆斯1843-1916Daisy Miller苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术Part 5. Local Colorism17、Mark Twain马克•吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）-美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆•索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉•达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American Naturalism18、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬•克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）-美国自然主义文学史上的里程碑；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇19、Frank Norris弗兰克•诺里斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事20、Theodore Dreiser西奥多•德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗21、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集22、Jack London杰克•伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁•伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下23、Upton Sinclair厄普顿•辛克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿Part 7. The 1920s24、Imagism Ezra Pound艾兹拉•庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）25、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯•艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会26、Wallace Stevens华莱士•史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得•昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集27、William Carlos Williams威廉•卡罗斯•威廉斯1883-1963收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传;Robert Frest罗伯特•弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后); Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树28、Carl Sandburg卡尔•桑德堡1878-1967Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢29、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No,Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）30、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯•菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代)The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）31、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特•海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥William Faulkner威廉•福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers’ Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）32、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德•安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么33、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱•刘易斯1885-1951 (美国第一个获诺贝尔奖)Our Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默•甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦34、Villa Sibert Cather维拉•凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死36、Thomas Wolfe托马斯•沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Ca n’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨Part 8. The 1930s37、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险; Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）38、John Steinbeck约翰•斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺；The Leader of the People人们的领袖Part 9. Black American Literature39、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克•道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯的生平与时代40、William E•B Dubois威廉•艾伯•杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国; The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）41、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯•兰斯顿•休斯1902-1969Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选42、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫•埃利林1914-长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界43、James Baldwin詹姆斯•鲍德温1924-1987散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;.If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后Part 10. American Drama44、Eugene Oneil尤金•奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜•克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉45、J D Salinger杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格1919-短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者46、Tennessee William田纳西•威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟47、Arthur Miller阿瑟•米勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟48、Edward Albee爱德华•阿尔比1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西•史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;W ho’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人Part 11. The Post-War Scene: The Novel . Poetry49、Saul Bellow索尔•贝娄1915-长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基•马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝50、Norman Mailer诺曼•米勒1923- (垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒) 裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道51、Joseph Heller约瑟夫•海勒1923-长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本:We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）John Barth约翰•巴思1930-长篇小说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor烟草代理商;Letters书信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开心馆里（Title题目）;Chimera客迈拉;Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书：论文及其他非小说52、Thomas Pynchon托马斯•品钦1937- (后现代主义)Geography of a Horse Dreamer马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City天使城;The Tooth of Crime罪恶的牙齿;Family家庭(Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child被埋葬的孩子;True West真正的西部);Fool for Love情痴;A Lie of the Mind心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas德州的巴黎补充：1、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878The Poems 1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟——英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想——受墓园派影响;The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年The Yellow Violet黄色堇香花The Fountain泉2、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷;Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗3、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿——乡土文学作家4、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910Principles of Psychology心理学原理（首提"意识流"理论）；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义5、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914小品集;The Fiend's Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集:Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil's Dictionary魔鬼词典（The Applicant申请者）6、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay's Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman's World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他7、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人8、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子（The Sheriff's Children警长的儿女）（the pioneer of the color line）;The Marrow of Tradition一脉相承9、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads大路（The Return of a Private三等兵归来）;Rose of Ducher's Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子10、O·Henry欧·享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下11、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事12、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）（Relativity of Knowledge）; Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems（A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀）;The Last Puritan最后的清教徒13、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集（Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克）14、Paul Laurence Dumbar保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为"黑种人的桂冠诗人"（Poet Laureate of the Negro Race）14、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性15、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣16、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记（Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨）;The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集17、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代18、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems（Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard）;The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）19、Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）; Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories——TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）20、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems 1912-1952广播剧:The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭21、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧:Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）22、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）23、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel's Castle阿克塞尔的城堡（象征主义批判的圭阜）;The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果24、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers' Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说:Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）25、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898-译作:法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集:Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile's Return流亡者的回归（研究"迷惘的一代"的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣（The Other War另一种战争）26、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932My Grandfather's Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的建筑;27、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说28、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根（Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判）; Danny O'Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说:Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论:A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德29、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983The Children's Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处;回忆录:An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代30、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树31、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960Uncle Tom's Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy黑孩子;The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行32、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906-短篇小说:Death of a Travelling Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘;长篇小说:The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist's Daughter乐观者的女儿;33、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖;34、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴35、Issac Bashevis Singer艾萨克·辛格1904-1991Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎;短篇小说:The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇:Neighbours邻居36、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989Night Rider夜间骑士;At Heaven's Gate在天堂门口;All King's Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿;诗集:Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems 1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems 1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem 1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978 此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作:Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学;Birth of Love爱之诞生（选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的UnderstandingPoetry/Understanding Fiction）逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I'll Take My Stand我表明我的立场37、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982短篇小说:The Expelled开除短篇小说集:The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说:The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者38、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说:The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town;Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters39、Bernard Malamud伯纳德·马拉默德1914-1986长篇小说:The Natural天生运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配工;A New Life新生活;God's Grace上帝的恩赐短篇小说:The Magic Barrel魔桶40、Landall Jarrel兰达尔·贾维尔1914-1965诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友，小朋友;Losses损失;Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界小说:Pictures of an Institution学院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人评论:Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死41、John Berryman约翰·贝里曼1914-1972诗:Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人；The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者（The Ball Poem小球诗）;77 Dream Songs;Berryman's Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他小说:Recovery复原传记:Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩42、Robert Lowell罗伯特·洛厄尔1917-1977诗:Lord Weary's Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇:For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动43、Betty Frieden贝蒂·弗里丹1921-The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活;The Second Stage第二阶段（How to get the Women's Movement Moving Again）44、Alex Haley亚历克斯·哈利1921-1992The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯自传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇（自传体小说）45、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966（"垮掉的一代"奠基者）The Town and the City镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见46、Kurt Vonnegut库特·冯尼格特长篇小说:Player Piano自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat's Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night黑夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪手迪克短篇小说集:Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来（Report on the Barnhouse Effect 关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告）47、James Dichey詹姆斯·迪基1923-诗集:Into the Stone钻入石头;Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死（The Lifeguard救生员）;Helmets头盔;Buckdancer's Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗:Deliverance解脱诗论集:The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭48、Flannery O'Connor弗兰纳里·奥康纳1925-1964长篇小说:Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走。

专八人文(美国文学部分)

专八人文(美国文学部分)
3.The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿
the Prairie大草原
the pathfinder探路人
the Deerslayer杀鹿者
Edgar Allan Poe爱伦·坡(poet, novelist)
Father of the American detective stories
Tales of the Grotesque andArabesque怪诞奇异故事集
站在大贵族大资产阶级立场上观察描述现实社会，被称为“温和现实主义”
O. Henry欧亨利
1.The father of modern American short stories;
2.American life humor encyclopedia
3.Short prose writer laureate as Manhattan
2Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people;
3Objective rather than idealistic view of human nature;
4Present moral visions;
5Usually open ending.(开放式结局)
2.pen name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
3.Three giants of American realistic writers.
1.TheAdventures of TomSawyer;
2.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(“all modern American literature comes”---Hemingway)

美国文学 专八人文知识复习

美国文学 专八人文知识复习

美国文学第一章殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学（1617——1783）Background: 1)The first permanent English settlement in North America at James Town, Virginia in 16172)In 1629 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.3)Independent War (1776——1783)Personal Literature In Its Various FormsJohn Smith A True Relation of Virginia《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯种植园史》He was the first governor of the Plymouth PlantationEarly PoetryAnne Bradstreet Contemplations《沉思集》She was known as the “Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up”inAmerica.Important Writers of American PuritanismJonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will《论意志自由》His endeavors contributed to bringing about the “GreatAwakening（大觉醒）”.他被认为是美国超验主义的先驱。

Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理年鉴》The Autobiography《自传》Authors who call for democratic government and writes for it Thomas Paine Common Sense《常识》The American Crisis《美国危机》The Rights of Man《人的权利》The Age of Reason《理性的时代》Philip Freneau The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》“The Wild Honey Suckle”《野忍冬花》He is “poet of the American Revolution”and the “father ofAmerican Poetry”OthersThomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》第二章浪漫主义时期的美国文学（19世纪上半叶）Early American RomanticismWashington Irving The Sketch Book《见闻札记》marked the beginning ofAmerican Romanticism.Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷传说》He has been called the father of the American short story.He is the first American Writer of imaginative literature togain international fame, so he was regarded as father ofAmerican literature.James Fennimore Cooper The Spy《间谍》Leaherstocking Tales《皮袜子五部曲》拓荒者，最后的莫西干人，草原，探路者，杀鹿者他是第一个在大西洋两岸有影响力的美国作家New England Transcendentalism(1840s开始)Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature《论自然》had been called “the manifesto ofAmerican Transcendentalism”美国超验主义的宣言The American Scholar《美国学者》Henry David Thoreau Walden《瓦尔登湖》Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter《红字》He is a master of symbolism. Herman Melville Moby Dick《白鲸》Edgar Allan Poe Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》The Raven《乌鸦》他是侦探小说的鼻祖(In the poetry aspect)Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass《草叶集》Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死神》I Heard a Fly Buzz----When I Died《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》New England PoetsWilliam Cullen Bryant To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》是美国第一个赢得国际声誉的本土诗人The Reformers and AbolitionistsHarriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》She is an anti-slavery writer.第三章现实主义时期的美国文学（19世纪后半叶）背景：1861—1865美国内战By the 1870s, the New England Renaissance gradually lost its influence. The age of Romanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. Then the age of realism arrived. American realism developed into naturalism.Realism writersWilliam Dean Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》He writers about the rising middle class.Henry James The American《美国人》Daisy Miller《戴茜·米勒》The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇人的画像》He describes the upper class. He is famous forpsychological realism.Local Colorism WritersMark Twain The Adventuress of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Gilded Age《镀金时代》Life on the Mississippi《在密西西比上》Autobiography《自传》The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》The Prince and the Pauper《王子与贫儿》Bret Harte The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运儿》Hamlin Garland Main-Traveled Road《大路条条》Naturalism WritersStephen Crane Maggie: A girl of the Streets《街头女郎马吉》The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》Frank Norris Mcteague《麦克提格》Octopus《章鱼》Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie《嘉丽姐妹》金融家，巨头，斯多噶Jack London The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》他被认为是心理现实主义的创造者O’Henry The Last Leaf《最后一片叶子》麦琪的礼物Upton Sinclair The Jungle《屠场》Oil《石油》Boston《波士顿》第四章现代时期的美国文学。

专八美国文学~~~

专八美国文学~~~

美国文学主要分为四个时期：㈠The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。

一．殖民地时期（The Literature of Colonial American Colonial Period 1607---1775）1、约翰·史密斯（John Smith）：早期英国殖民者、探险家，在弗吉尼亚建立了第一个永久英国殖民地。

被誉为美国文学的第一位作家。

（注：Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America on May, 1607.）代表作：《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》（A True Relation of Virginia）是美国文学第一书。

2、纳撒尼尔·沃德（Nathaniel Ward）：被誉为“北美讽刺文学第一笔”。

代表作：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》（The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam in America）。

3、威廉·布拉福德（William Bradford）：被誉为“美国历史之父”。

说起美国人的祖先，一般人都会说是“五月花”号（Mayflower）。

威廉·布拉福特（William Bradford）就是“五月花”号上的领导者，《五月花号公约》Mayflower Compact的主要起草人，后来成为普利茅斯殖民地的总督。

现在，美国的第二号节日“感恩节”就是由他提出来的。

代表作：《普利茅斯种植园史》（History of Plymouth Plantation）。

4、安妮·布拉德斯特里特（Anne Bradstreet）：殖民地时期的第一位诗人。

代表作：《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America）。

专业英语8级人文知识之美国文学

专业英语8级人文知识之美国文学

专业英语八级人文知识之美国文学第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）概述1、美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学）早在欧洲人闯入北美大陆之前，那里世世代代居住的原始人是印第安人，他们的文化早已在这片土地上流传、存在了几千年之久。

他们创造出了并仍然在创造这优秀的印第安口头文学。

在各种典礼上咏诵的祝词，在劳作中吟唱的歌曲，世世代代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事，刻写在山间岩壁上的象形史诗，都是印第安传统文学的只要内容和形式，也是人类文明的宝贵遗产之一。

后来，随着殖民地的开拓，移民人数的剧增，印第安文化不断遭受重创，从而在17世纪出现断裂。

18世界末又开始以书面文学的形式开始了新的发展。

Three stages of development：1）traditional literature 2）transitional literature 3）modern literature2、北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末—十七世纪中期）北美殖民文学的开端，以1607年英国在今佛吉尼亚的詹姆斯顿建立第一个永久性殖民点为标志。

从那时起直到1776年美利坚合众国成立，这半个世纪的北美英语文学的发展是外来文学移植、扎根并本土化的一个准备过程。

这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记随笔等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。

John Smith was considered to be the first author in the history of American literature。

3、清教思想的表述最初从欧洲来到美国的定居者被成为“清教徒”，因为他们迁徙的主要目的之一是为了“净化”教堂中的宗教行为。

他们的作品主要以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主。

第二阶段独立革命时期（17世纪中期—18世纪末）概述独立革命前后的美国文学，标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折，其主要内容和形式与殖民时期文学截然不同：如果说殖民时期文学主要反映的是清教精神，独立革命时期的文学则充满了浓烈的政治性和思辨性。

专八美国文学常识

专八美国文学常识

美国文学Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Thomas Paine Paine 托马斯·潘恩1737-18091737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题；Common Sense 常识；American Crisis 美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Philip Freneau Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺1752-18321752-1832The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship 英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True V irtue Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-17901706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard ’s Almanack 穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth 致富之道；The Autobiography 自传自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文1783-18591783-1859A History of New Y ork 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book 见闻札记The The Legend Legend Legend of of of Sleepy Hollow Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers 旅客谈；The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉 James James Fenimore Fenimore Fenimore Cooper Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-18511789-1851The Spy 间谍;The Pilot 领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人最后的莫希干人;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Ralf Waldo Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-18821803-1882Essays 散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The The American American American Scholar Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者;Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address 神学院演说 Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河首开自由诗之先河 Henry David Threau 亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-18621817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-18821807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn 路边客栈的故事路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day 四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生人生礼物/Paul Revere ’s Ride 保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline 伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚------------叙事长诗；叙事长诗；叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery Poems on Slavery 奴役篇奴役篇---------反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗Nathaniel Nathaniel Hawthorne Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Y :Young Goodman Brownoung Goodman Brown 年轻的古德曼·布朗;The ;The Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Letter Letter 红字;The House of of the the the Seven Seven Seven Gables Gables 有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇;The Marble Faun 玉石雕像玉石雕像Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-18911819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比·迪克莫比·迪克莫比·迪克//白鲸；白鲸；Typee Typee 泰比泰比;Omoo ;Omoo 奥穆奥穆;Mardi ;Mardi 玛地玛地;Redburn ;Redburn 雷得本得本;White Jacket ;White Jacket 白外衣白外衣;Pierre ;Pierre 皮尔埃皮尔埃;Piazza ;Piazza 广场故事广场故事;Billy Budd ;Billy Budd 比利·巴德比利·巴德Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼1819-18921819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself 自我之歌自我之歌Emily Dickinson 埃米莉·迪金森1830-18861830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉·迪金森诗集埃米莉·迪金森诗集---------------““Tell all the truth and tell it slant slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的”迂回曲折的，玄学的”迂回曲折的，玄学的Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-18491809-1849（以诗为（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）叶芝） Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia 莱琪儿;Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔·李----------歌特风格；歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems 帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems 艾尔·阿拉夫，艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦;The City in the Sea 海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen 致海伦致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom ’s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing 牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr ’s Island 奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks 老城的人们的人们 Part 4. The age of Realism William Dean Dean Howells Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance 现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes 时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle 透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading 小说创作与小说阅读小说创作与小说阅读 23、Henry James 享利·詹姆斯1843-19161843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller 苔瑟·米乐；苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像；贵妇人画像；The Bostonians The Bostonians 波士顿人；顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事；真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；大使；The Golden Bowl The Golden Bowl 金碗金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists 法国诗人和小说家法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne 霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术小说艺术Part 5. Local Colorism Mark Mark Twain Twain 马克·吐温（Samuel LonghorneClemens ）------美国文学的美国文学的一大里程碑一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent ’s Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The ;The Gilded Gilded Gilded Age Age 镀金时代;The ;The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of Tom Tom Tom Sawyer Sawyer 汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Connecticut Y Y ankee ankee in in in King King King Arthur Arthur Arthur’’s s Court Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The ;The Tragedy Tragedy Tragedy of of of Pudd Pudd Pudd’’nhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal ;Personal Recollections Recollections Recollections of of of Joan Joan Joan of of of Arc Arc 冉·达克;The ;The Man Man Man That That That Corrupted Corrupted Hadleyburg 败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story 怎样讲故事怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American Naturalism Stephen Stephen Crane Crane 斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-19001871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets 街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage 红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat 小划子;The Bride Comes to Y ellow Sky 新娘来到黄天镇新娘来到黄天镇 Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺里斯1870-19021870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty 茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic ）;Mc-Teague 麦克提格（naturalistic ）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus 章鱼,The Pit 小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West 小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞1871-19451871-1945Sister Sister Carrie Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie ;Jennie Gerhardt Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy ;Trilogy of of of Desire Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer 金融家,The ,The Titan Titan 巨人,The ,The Stoic);An Stoic);An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff 黑人杰弗黑人杰弗 Edwin Edwin Arlington Arlington Arlington Robinson Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig 克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River 河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky 衬托着天空的人;Avon ’s Harvest 沃冯的收成;Collected Poems 诗集诗集 40、Jack London 杰克·伦敦1876-19161876-1916The Son of the Wolf 狼之子,The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白獠牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes 阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me 生命对我意味着什么;Revolution 革命;Love ;Love of of of Life Life 热爱生命;The ;The Mexican Mexican 墨西哥人;Under ;Under the the Deck A wings 在甲板的天蓬下 Upton Upton Sinclair Sinclair 厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-19681878-1968Spring and Harvest 春天与收获;The Jungle 屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal 煤炭大王;Oil 石油;Boston 波士顿;Dragon ’s Teeth 龙齿龙齿 Part 7. The 1920s Imagism Ezra Ezra PoundPound 艾兹拉·庞德1885-19721885-1972 The Spirit of Romance 罗曼司精神罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes 意像派诗选意像派诗选;Cathay 华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary ;Literary Essays Essays 文学论;Hugh ;Hugh Swlwyn Swlwyn Swlwyn Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Few Few Few Don Don Don’’ts ts by by by Imagiste Imagiste 意像派戒条;Personage 面具;Polite ;Polite Essays Essays 文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound 庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）成稿）Thomas Thomas Stearns Stearns Stearns Eliot Eliot 托马斯·艾略特1888-19651888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations 普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land 荒原(The Burial of the Dead 死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess 弈棋弈棋;The Fire Sermon 火诫;Death by Water 水边之死;What the Thunder Said 雷电之言); 名诗：Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三;Four Quarters 四个四重奏四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion 大团圆;Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-19551879-1955 Harmonium 风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar 弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction 关于最高虚构的札记(Peter (Peter Quince Quince Quince at at at the the the Clavier Clavier 彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday ;Sunday Morning Morning 礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn 秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems 诗集诗集William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-19631883-1963 收入Des Imagistes 意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower 常青花日光兰（长诗）常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow ’s s Lament Lament in in Spring Spring 寡妇的春怨;The ;The Dead Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father 麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr 先驱）; The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传自传 Robert Robert Frest Frest 罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-19631874-1963 A Boy ’s Wish 少年心愿；North of Boston 波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval 山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken 没有选择的道路没有选择的道路); West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树一株作证的树Carl Carl Sandburg Sandburg 卡尔·桑德堡1878-19671878-1967 Always the Y oung Stranger 永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy 肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Y ears 草原的年代一、二;The War Y ears 战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag 美国歌袋;The People,Y es 人民，好;Honey and Salt 蜜与盐;Corn-huskers 辗米机（Fog 雾）;Smoke and Steel 烟与钢烟与钢E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips Tulips anddd anddd anddd Chimneys Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The ;The Enormous Enormous Enormous Room Room 大房间;XLI Poems 诗41首;Viva万岁;No ， Thanks 不，谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米（访苏游记）F F Scott Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(1896-1940(迷惘的一代迷惘的一代迷惘的一代)) The Side of Paradise 人间天堂人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned 美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night 夜色温柔夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon 最后的巨头最后的巨头 短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers 姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz 爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille 早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace 冰宫;May Days 五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz 像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams 冬天的梦;The Rich Boy 富家子弟;Babylon Revisted 重访巴比伦敦巴比伦敦 The Crack-up 崩溃（自传体文集）崩溃（自传体文集）Ernest Ernest Hemingway Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）惘的一代”的代表人物） In In Our Our Our Time Time 在我们的年代里;The ;The Torrents Torrents Torrents of of of Spring Spring 春潮;The ;The Sun Sun Sun Also Also Also Rises Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Men Without Without Without W W omen 没有女人的男人;The ;The Winners Winners Winners Take Take Take Notheing Notheing 胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not 贫与富贫与富 回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥到处逍遥William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳1897-19621897-1962 The Marble Faun 云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers ;Soldiers’’ Pay 兵饷（小说）兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September 干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury 愤怒与喧嚣愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying 当我垂当我垂死的时候;Light in August 八月之光;Absalom,Absolam 押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德·安德森1876-19411876-1941 Windy Windy McPherson McPherson McPherson’’s s Son Son 饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching ;Marching Men Men 前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque 俄亥俄州的温斯堡俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White 穷苦的白人;Many Marriages 多种婚姻;Dark Laughter 阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么我想知道为什么我想知道为什么 Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(1885-1951(美国第一美国第一个获诺贝尔奖个获诺贝尔奖)) Dur Mr Wrenn 我们的雷恩先生;The Job 求职;The Main Street 大先进;Babbitt 巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry 艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth 多兹沃斯;It can ’t Happen Here 事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal 王孙梦王孙梦 V illa Sibert Cather 维拉·凯塞1873-19471873-1947 O,Pioneers 啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor ’s House 教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop 大主教之死大主教之死Thomas Thomas W W olfe 托马斯·沃尔夫1900-19381900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel 天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River 时间与河流;The Web and the Rock 蛛网与岩石;Y ou Can ’t Go Home Again 有家归不得;The Hills Beyond 远山（未完成）远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning 从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨 Part 8. The 1930sJohn Dos Dos Passos Passos 帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District Money);District of of of Columbia Columbia 哥伦比亚大区(The (The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of a a a Y Y oung oung Man Man 一个年轻人的冒险;Number One 第一号;The Grand Design 伟大的计划);Orient Express 东方特别快车（游记）东方特别快车（游记） John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1902-19661902-1966 Cup Cup of of of Gold Gold 金杯;Tortilla ;Tortilla Flat Flat 煎饼房;In ;In Dubious Dubious Dubious Battle Battle 胜负未定;Of Mice and Men 鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down 月亮下去了月亮下去了;Cannery Row 罐头厂街;The Pearl 珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony 小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains 大山大山;The Promise 许诺,The Leader of the People 人们的领袖) Part 9. Black American LiteratureFrederick Frederick Douglass Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My /My Bondage Bondage Bondage and and and My My My Freedom Freedom 我的枷锁与我的自由/The /The life life life and and and Time Time Time of of of Frederick Frederick Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代Booker T. Washington William E ·B Dubois 威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-19631868-1963 Souls Souls of of of Black Black Black Folk Folk 黑人的灵魂(Of (Of Booker Booker Booker T T T Washington Washington and and Others);The Others);The Others);The Suppression Suppression Suppression of of of the the African Slave Trade into into the the the USA USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame 黑色的火焰（三部曲）James James Langston Langston Langston Hughes Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-19691902-1969Mulatto 混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem 哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple 辛普尔精选辛普尔精选辛普尔精选 Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫·埃利林1914-1914- 长篇小说：Invisible Man 看不见的人看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act 影子与行动;Going to the Territory 步入文学界步入文学界James Baldwin 詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-19871924-1987散文集：Note of a Native Son 土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time 下一次烈火;No Name in the Street 他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work 魔鬼找到工作 小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain 向苍天呼吁;Giovanni ;Giovanni’’s Room 乔万尼的房间;Another Country 另一个国度;Tell ;Tell Me Me Me How How How Long Long Long the the the Train Train Train’’s s Been Been Been Gone Gone 告诉我火车已开多久;If ;If Beale Beale Beale Street Street Street Could Could Talk 假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head 就在我头上就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man 去见这个人去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner 阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley 为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost 有一天当我迷失的时候有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后迷路前后Gwendolyn Brooks Part 10. American DramaEugene Oneil 尤金·奥尼尔1888-19531888-1953 独幕剧：Bound Bound East East East to to to Cardiff Cardiff 东航卡迪夫;The ;The Long Long Long V V oyage oyage Home Home 归途迢迢;The ;The Moon Moon Moon of of of the the Carribbeans 加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon 天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie 安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape 毛猿;All the God ’s Children Got Wings 上帝的儿女都有翅膀上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown 大神布朗;The ;The Strange Strange Strange Interlude Interlude 奇异的插曲;Mourning ;Mourning Becomes Becomes Becomes Electr Electr 素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh 送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night 进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉夜常深沉Clifford Odets J J D D D Salinger Salinger 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-1919- 短篇小说：The Y oung Folks 年轻人年轻人 短篇小说集：Nine Stories 故事九篇中篇小说：Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise ;Raise High High High the the the Roof Roof Roof Beam,Carpenters Beam,Carpenters 木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction 西摩其人西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye 麦田守望者麦田守望者 Tennessee William 田纳西·威廉斯1911-19831911-1983 American Blues 美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels 天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie 玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Streetcar Named Named Named Desire Desire 欲望号街车;Cat ;Cat on on on a a a Hot Tin Hot Tin Roof 热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of of The The Iguana 鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke 夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo 玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Y o ut out 可爱的青春鸟春鸟Arthur Arthur Miller Miller 阿瑟·米勒1915-1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The ;The Death Death Death of of of a a a Salesman Salesman 推销员;The ;The Crucible Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A ;A V V iew iew from from from the the Bridge 桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall 堕落之后堕落之后;Incident at V ichy 维希事件维希事件 ;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop ’s Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟Edward Edward Albee Albee 爱德华·阿尔比1928-1928-The Zoo Story 动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith 贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox 沙箱;The American Dream 美国梦;Who ’s Afraid of V irginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice 小爱丽丝;A ;A Delicate Delicate Delicate Balance Balance 脆弱的羊群;Seascape 海景;The ;The Lady Lady Lady from from from Dubuque Dubuque 来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms 在臂人在臂人 Part 11. The Post-W ar Scene: The Novel . PoetrySaul Bellow 索尔·贝娄1915-1915- 长篇小说：Dangling Man 晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The V ictim 受害者;The Adventure of Augie March 奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊雨王汉德逊;Herzog 赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet 塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt ’s Gift 洪堡的礼物洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day 且乐今朝且乐今朝Norman Mailer 诺曼·米勒1923- (1923- (垮掉的一代；文垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者学恐怖主义者//亡命之徒亡命之徒)) 裸者与死者；Barbary Shore 巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park 廘苑;An American Dream 一场美国梦;The White Negro 白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself 为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner ;The Executioner’’s Song 刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night 夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism 新新闻报道新新闻报道Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒1923-1923-长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened 出了毛病;As Good as Gold 像高尔德像高尔德一样好一样好 剧本：We Bombed in New Haven 我们轰炸纽黑文我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger ;Catch-22;Clevinger’’s Trial 克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）第八章） John Barth 约翰·巴思1930-1930-长篇小说：The Floating Opera 漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road 穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters 书信集;Giles ;Giles Goat-boy Goat-boy 山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost ;Lost in in in the the the Funhouse Funhouse 迷失在开心馆里（Title 题目）;Chimera 客迈拉；客迈拉； Sabbatical 学院的轮休假;The ;The Friday Friday Friday Book:Essays Book:Essays Book:Essays and and and Other Other Nonfictions 星期五的书：论文及其他非小说 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦1937- (1937- (后现代后现代主义主义))Geography of a Horse Dreamer 马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City 天使城;The Tooth of Crime 罪恶的罪恶的牙齿;Family 家庭家庭 (Curse of the S tarving Class Starving Class 饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child 被埋葬的孩子;True W est 真正的西部);Fool for Love 情痴;A Lie of the Mind 心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas 德州的巴黎德州的巴黎 Poetry: Stanley Kunitz Richard Wilbur Elizabeth Bishop Howard Nemerov 。

专八人文知识(美国文学)

专八人文知识(美国文学)

一．Literature of colonial settlements(北美殖民时期文学)（16C末——17C中）John Smith “the first author”《A True Map of Virginia》二．the literature around the revolution of independence (17C中——18C末)1．Franklin （1706——1790）scientist politician writer《the Autobiography，自传》《poor Richard’s almanac穷查理历书》2. Thomas Jefferson (1743——1826) 《the declaration of independence，独立宣言》3. Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752——1832) “father of American poetry”《the wild honey suckle，野忍冬花》《The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地》《the British prison shop英国囚船》《the rising glory of America美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》三．American Romanticism(18C末——19C中后)1. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父《the sketch book 见闻札记》《the legend of sleep hollow 睡谷的传说》《rip Van Winkler 瑞普·凡·温克尔》2. James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·菲尼·莫库珀《the spy 间谍》《the pioneers 拓荒者》《the last of the Mohicans 最后的莫西干人》《the prairie 大草原》《the pathfinder 探路人》《the deerslayer 杀鹿者》《leather stocking tales 皮袜子的故事集》3. Edgar Allen Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡写科学和侦探小说“侦探小说的鼻祖”《tales of the grotesque and arabesque 怪诞故事集》《the murders in the Rue morgue 莫格街谋杀案》《the fall of the house of Usher 厄舍古厦的倒塌》4．Ralph waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生transcendentalism超验主义《Nature 论自然》《essays 论文集》《the American scholar 美国学者》5．Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗超验主义《Walden 瓦尔登湖》6．Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔《Moby Dick 莫比·迪克》7．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·朗费罗《the song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌》《voices of the night 夜吟》《A psalm of life 人生礼赞》8．Walt Whitman 华尔特·惠特曼《leaves of grass 草叶集》《song of myself 自我之歌》四．American Realism （19C中——20C初）1．Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽叶特比彻斯托夫人女《uncle tom’s cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋》（anti-slavery novel）2．Mark Twain 马克·吐温《the adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆·索耶历险记》《the adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·芬历险记》《life on Mississippi 密西西比河上》《the gilded age镀金时代》海明威评价：“全部美国文学都来自马克吐温的《哈克贝利·芬历险记》”3．O·Henry 欧·亨利短篇小说《the cop and the anthem 警察与赞美诗》《the furnished room 带家具出租的房间》《the gift of the magi 麦琪的礼物》《the last leaf 最后一片藤叶》4．Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯《Daisy Miller 黛西·米勒》《the portrait of a lady 贵妇人画像》《the wings of the dove 鸽翼》《the ambassadors 大使们》《the Golden bowl 金碗》5．Jack London 杰克·伦敦《the sea wolf 海狼》自传体短篇小说《Martin Eten 马丁·伊登》《the call of the wild 野性的呼唤》6．Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛《sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹》《Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘》五．American modernism （20C初——）1．Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯1930年第一个美国人获诺贝尔奖《main street 大街》《Babbitt 巴比特》2．Eugene O’Neill 尤金·奥尼尔剧作家1936年获诺贝尔奖《long day’s journey into night 进入黑夜的漫长旅途》《the hairy ape 毛猿》《the Iceman cometh 送冰人来了》3．Pearl S. Buck 赛珍珠1938年获诺贝尔奖《the good earth 大地》翻译了《水浒传all men are brothers》4．Thomas Stearns Eliot T.S.艾略特1948年获诺贝尔奖《the wasteland 荒原》《four quartets 四个四重奏》《murder in the Cathedral 大教堂的凶杀案》《the hollow man 空心人/透明人》5．William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳1949年获诺贝尔奖《the sound and the fury 愤怒与喧嚣》《as I lay dying 当我垂死的时候/我弥留之际》6．Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威“the lost generation迷惘的一代”的代表作家1954年获诺贝尔文学奖《the sun also rises 太阳照常升起》《farewell to arms永别了，武器》《for whom the Bell tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣》《the old man and the sea 老人与海》7．F·Scott Fitzgerald 司各特·费茨杰拉德《the great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比》（jazz age）8．John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1962年获诺贝尔奖《the grapes of wrath 愤怒的葡萄》《of mice and men 人与鼠》9．Toni Morrison 托尼·莫瑞森黑人作家1993年获诺贝尔奖《song of Solomon 所罗门之歌》10．J.D. Salinger J.D.塞林格《the catcher in the rye 麦田里的守望者》11．Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃里森African-American novelist 《the invisible man 隐形人》12．Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒“黑色幽默”文学代表人物《catch-22 第二十二条军规》13．Tennessee Williams 田纳西·威廉斯剧作家《A streetcar named desire 欲望号街车》14．Ezra Pound 艾兹拉·庞德意象派诗歌（imagism）创始人《in A station of the metro 地铁车站》（14words ：the apparition of these faces in the crowd；petals on a wet, black bough.）15．Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特“新英格兰诗人”《new Hampshire 新罕布什尔》《A boy’s wish 一个孩子的愿望》16．Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特·米切尔《gone with the wind 飘》。

专八美国文学简介

专八美国文学简介

The Sketch Book《见闻札记》The Legend of Sleep Hollow《睡谷的传说》
e. Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生
Self-reliance 《论自立》The Transcendentalist 《超验主义者》
f. Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
The Song of Hiawatha《海华沙之歌》 A Psalm of Life 《生命颂》
c.William Cullen Bryant 威廉.柯伦.布莱恩特
The Flood of Years 《似水流年》Thanatopsis 《死亡随想》To a Waterfawl《致水鸟》
d.Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文
早期美国文学
1.Benjamin Franklin 1709-1790 富兰克林
a. Poor Richard’s Almanac 《穷理查年鉴》1732-58 （proverbs, thrift, industry, how to make wealth） “Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. A penny saved is a penny earned. All things are easy to Industry. All things are difficult to Sloth.” b.The Autobiography 《自传》 （American enlightenment）
2. Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826托马斯.杰斐逊
The Declaration of Independence《美国独立宣言》

美国文学笔记完整版专八人文知识.docx

美国文学笔记完整版专八人文知识.docx

美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism ）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence（启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard ’s Almana c 穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点 )托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets ）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人 a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言 Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18 世纪末 -19 世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1.早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第 1 个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔( 李伯大梦 )The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel ）The Pioneer 拓荒者（ the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人（主角： Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2.超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书 manifestoRalf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days 日子 - 首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden 瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great Americanwriter of fiction象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American proseepic 史诗）1819-1891Typee泰比Omoo 奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃;Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass 草叶集（the birth of truly American poetryand the end of romanticism）(共和圣经 Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash, 主题love, nature, death, immortality;语言 plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I ’ m Nobody. Who Are You? 我是无名小卒。

2023年专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学

2023年专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学

American Literature: A Concise HistoryI. Review1. Who wrote The American? (2023)A. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser2. Death of a Salesman was written by____. (2023)A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin3. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___. (2023)A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O’NeilD. Ernest Hemingway4. William Sydney Porter, known as O’Henry, is most famous for_____. (2023)A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novelsII. Historical Periods1. Colonial Period: 17th~18th (faith → reason)2. Romantic Period: end of 18th to the Civil War ★3. The Age of Realism: 1865-1890 ★4. The Age of Naturalism: 1890-19005. Modern Period: 1912-1945 ★6. Postwar Realism: 1950s-1960s7. Postmodernism: 1960s-1980sIII. Key Figures1. Benjamin Franklin2. James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving; Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson/Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville (R. W. Emerson, H.D. Thoreau)3. O’Henry, Henry James, Mark Twain4. Stephan Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Jack London5. Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, R.L. Frost/Ernest Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, John Steinbeck/Eugene O’Neil l, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller6. Jerome Salinger7. NabokovMark Twain: ①Trend: realism (local colorism) ②Genre: fiction ③Masterpiece: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ④Distinctive Style: vernacular language ⑤Other Important WorksIV. Sample1. American literature produced only one female poet during the 19th century. She was __________.A. Anne BradstreetB. Jane AustenC. Katherine Anne PorterD. Emily Dickinson2. The first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature was a sharp social critic, whose name was __________.A. T.S. EliotB. Sinclair LewisC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Faulkner3. Which of the following is NOT included in Dreiser’strilogy of desire concerning the ruthlessness ofcapitalists?A. The GeniusB. The FinancierC. The TitanD. The Stoic4. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, __________ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism5. From 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote and published his famous __________, an annual collection of proverbs.A. AutobiographyB. Poor Richard’s AlmanacC. Common SenseD. The General Magazine6. “The American Renaissance” is the period of ______ in the history of American literature.A. local colorismB. RomanticismC. TranscendentalismD. Colonism7. _________ is Mark Twain’s master work, the one book from which as Hemingway noted, “All modern American liter ature comes”.A. The Gilded AgeB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventures of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8. _______ is the only American playwright awarded Nobel Prize of Literature.A. Arthur MillerB. Eugene O’NeillC. Tennessee WilliamsD. Sinclair Lewis9. Which of the following does NOT belong to “Beat Generation”?A. Jack KerouacB. F. S. FitzgeraldC. Allen GinsbergD. William Burroughs10. __________ is identified as the father of modern American poetry, who also plays an important role in transmitting Chinese culture to the English-speaking world.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Walt WhitmanI. Colonial Period: 17th~18thThe influence of Puritanism on writing:fresh, simple and plaintraceable to the direct influence of the Biblefrequent reference to the technique of symbolismAnne BradstreetThe Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in AmericaMichael WigglesworthThe Day of DoomEdward Taylor: a metaphysical poetBenjamin Franklin: the spokesman of the American Enlightenment (Age of Reason/Great Awakening); created theimage of the Yankeepseudonym: Silence DogoodPoor Richard’s AlmanacAutobiographyThomas Paine (his style: plain)Common Sense—the first pamphlet urging immediate independence from Britain; his most famous pamphlet; the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphletsPhilip FreneauThe first American-born poet; Poet of the American RevolutionTheme: nationalismThe beginning of American RomanticismII. Romantic Period: 1) Early RomanticsNew England Poets (Fireside/Schoolroom Poets):Henry Wadsworth LongfellowThe song of Hiawatha—the first American epic in blank verse about the American IndiansThe first American poet to be honored by having his bust placed in the Po ets’ Corner of Westminster AbbeyWilliam Cullen Bryant: the American WordsworthThanatopsis (pondering on death)—his greatest poemNovelist:James Fenimore Cooper: the first successful American novelist32 novels3 kinds:about the revolutionary past—The Spyabout the sea—The pilot★about the frontier—The Leatherstocking Tales (The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder, and The Deerslayer; protagonist: Natty Bumppo-- “the essential American soul” by D. H. Lawrence)Story Writer and Prose Stylist:Washington IrvingThe Sketch Book won him international fame“Rip Van Winkle” & “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”“Crayon” styleIntroduced the familiar essay to AmericaII. Romantic Period: 2) TranscendentalistsNew England Transcendentalism=American RenaissanceFeatures:It stressed the power of intuition.It placed spirit first and matter second.It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God.It emphasized the significance of the individual.It envisioned religion as an emotional communi cation between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”.It held that commerce was degrading.The Transcendental Club & their journal The DialEssayists:Ralph Waldo EmersonTranscendentalism’s most seminal forceThe Lyceum MovementNature—“the manifesto of American transcendentalism”The American Scholar—“America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”Henry David ThoreauHis first major influence: nonviolent struggle as expressed in his “Civil Disobedience”His second major influence: call of “Back to Nature”Walden—a classic of American prose; reads like a diary of a nature loverSymbolismII. Romantic Period: 3) High RomanticsEdgar Allan PoeLiterary theories:1) A theory of PoetryThe most important purpose of poetry is the creation of beauty (English as a medium of pure musical and rhythmic beauty).The tone of its highest manifestation is one of sadness.The death of a beautiful woman is the most potential topic.death –predominant theme in Poe’s writing“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”2) About His FictionThe mental world of the people should be illuminated.The principle of concentration and thematic totality should be stressed.Truth rather than beauty is often the aim of the tale.Literary achievements:The Raven—his most famous narrative poemDetective stories, ratiocinative stories & science fictionThe Murders in the Rue MorgueThe Fall of the House of UsherThe Masque of the Red DeathWalt WhitmanLeaves of Grass (9 editions)—A merica’s first genuine epic poemStyle: free verseThe envelope structure, catalogue technique, thought rhythmRepresents a turning point in the history of American poetryEmily DickinsonFor the whole 19th century she was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.PoemsThemes:religion – doubt and belief about religious subjectsdeath and immortalitylove – suffering and frustration caused by lovephysical aspect of desirenature – kind and cruelfree will and human responsibilityNathaniel Hawthorne—the first American romancer; the first major novelist in English to wed morality to art His novels were perhaps the deepest and most psychological in the 19th century.The Scarlet LetterHester Prynne, Pearl, Chillingworth, DimmesdalePoint of view: Evil is at the core of human life. Wherever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.Herman Meiville—an adventure writer, known as “a man who lived with cannibals”Moby Dick—the first American prose epic; the greatest American novel by some criticsA symbol to represent cruel, brutal, malicious powers of natureThe technique of multiple viewsStyle: highly symbolic and metaphoricalIII. The Age of RealismFeatures:truthful description of lifetypical character under typical circumstanceobjective rather than idealized, close observation and investigation of life“Realistic writers are like scientists.”open-ending:Life is complex and cannot be fully understood. It leaves much room for readers to think by themselves.William Dean HowellsProductive except the genre of poetryThe Rise of Silas LaphamWilliam Sydney Porter (O. Henry)The surprise ending is his specialty, e.g. “The Cop and the Anthem”.Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio★Henry James: novels of mannersDeveloped the international novelDaisy Miller established his reputation at home and abroad (theme: American innocence vs. European sophistication) The Ambassadors: his most “perfect” work of art, claimed by himself3 influential subjects: children, new women and artistsTheory of fiction in his The Art of FictionChief criterion: showing rather than tellinghonor s: the first of the “modern psychological novelists”A “realist of the inner life”A bridge of American and European culturesLocal ColorismThe late 1860s to early 1870sTo write or present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.Hamlin Garland’s “Under the Lion’s Paw”Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the greatest of all anti-slavery literatureMark Twain (Samuel Clemens)—“the Lincoln of our literature”; the true father of American literatureOne famous essay: “To the Person Sitting in Darkness”His greatest achievement: The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnOther works: His penname was made famous by “The Notorious Jumping Frog of the Calaverus County”;The Gilded Age: a satire against corruptionThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippicolloquial language, vernacular language, dialectslocal coloursyntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimes ungrammaticalhumourtall tales (highly exaggerated)social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)III. The Age of Realism: ComparisonThemeHowells – middle classJames – upper classTwain – lower classTechniqueHowells –genteel realismJames – psychological realismTwain – local colorism and colloquialismIV. The Age of NaturalismRealism vs. Naturalism:Though naturalists also describe real life, they present harsher reality, usually the violent, sensational, unpleasant, and ugly aspects of life.Their writing style and technique were more innovative.Stephan Crane--pessimismMaggie, A Girl of the Streets—the first naturalistic novel written by an AmericanThe Red Badge of Courage—his most famous book about the American Civil WarStyle: realistic, naturalistic, and impressionisticFrank Norris--optimismMcTeague—the first full-bodied naturalistic American novelThe Octopus—his most impressive prose epicTheodore Dreiser–“the wheelhouse of American naturalism”Sister Carrie: a slave to her heredity and to her environmentAn American Tragedy: his masterpieceStyle: journalistic method of reiteration, word-pictures, sharp contrast, stubborn honestyJack LondonThe Son of the Wolf—first collection of the storiesThe Call of the Wild—an all-time best sellerHis fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth.The originator of a new type of writing: rough realismV. Modern Period: 1)PoetrySub-branches:Imagism, symbolism, impressionism, futurism, constructivism, surrealism, etcFeatures:Modernism dramatized discontinuity.Modernists had a sense of fragmentation.It has a strong and conscious break with tradition. (stream of consciousness)V. Modern Period 1) PoetryEzra Pound—the father of modern American poetryCantos—his major work of poetryCathay—a volume of Chinese translationsStyle: clarity, precision and a direct conversational diction, economy of verseImagismT. S. Eliot—a poet, a playwright, and a literary criticHe declared himself a “classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion”The Waste Land—a central poem of modernism; reads like a manifesto of the “Lost Generation”Five segmentsOrganizing principle: the myth of death and rebirthNew England Poets:E. A. Robinson won Pulitzer for three times.Robert Lee Frost—the most popular American poet from 1914 to his deathHe won Pulitzer for four times.Pastoral poetryV. Modern Period 2) FictionLost Generation:The term was first used by Gertrude Stein.Ernest Hemingway—a Nobel Prize Winner (1954)The Sun also RisesA Farewell to Arms: established his reputation as a great American writerFor Whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaTelegraphic styleIceberg theory of writing“the code hero”Francis Scott FitzgeraldThis Side of Paradise—his first novel; the first American novel depicting the casual dissipations of “flaming youth”The Great Gatsby—his best novel which deals with the frustration and despair resulting from the failure of the American dream★Sinclair Lewis—the first American writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature (1930)Main Street satirizes the smug provincial complacency of the middle classBabbitt—his masterpieceTh e word “babbittry” means energetic shallowness and self-satisfactionSatiric monologueJohn Steinbeck—the foremost writer of the Great DepressionThe Grapes of Wrath—his masterpiece, won a Pulitzer PrizeA combination of naturalist and symbolist techniqueV. Modern Period: 3) DramaEugene O’Neill—the founder of modern American drama3 Pulitzer Prizes & the Nobel PrizeIntroduced trends of realism, naturalism and expressionismBeyond the HorizonLong Day’s Journey into NightTennessee WilliamsThe Glass MenagerieA Streetcar Named Desire—won him his first Pulitzer PrizeColloquial southern speechArthur MillerDeath of a Salesman—his masterpiece; an American myth and a contemporary tragedyVI. Postwar RealismJohn Cheever—short fictionJohn Updike—the most realistic of all the postwar realists; “Olinger” storiesJames Thurber—the greatest American literary humorist of the 20th centuryJerome Salinger—a representative of alienated young Americans; generation gapThe Catcher in the Rye—a modern Huck FinnVII. Post-modernism: FictionModernism vs. post-modernismUnlike modernism, which suggested a historic period, post-modernism described a sensibility, a feeling for innovation.Controllable vs. uncontrollable;Order vs. disorderRealistic vs. nihilisticThe fundamental rule: the absurd and the arbitraryStyle: fragmented, discontinuous, ironic, and full of black humorVladimir Nabokov: LolitaBeat GenerationWomen WritersBlack LiteratureSouthern Literature1. Beat GenerationThe term is associated with the first half of the 1950s.★Jack Kerouac—the founder of the Beat Generation who first used the term; On the Road★Allen Ginsberg—the poet laureate of the Beat Generation; HowlLawrence Ferlinghetti opened the City Lights Bookstore, the headquarters of the Beats. William BurroughsWomen Writers: 1) Before the 20th CAnne Bradstreet—the first lady of colonial literature in AmericaEmily Dickinson—America’s greatest woman poetMargaret Fuller—Women in the Nineteenth Century: America’s first landmark feminist treatiseWomen Writers: 2) Of the 20th CKatherine Anne PorterJoyce Carol OatesSylvia PlathJoanna RussAlice Walker: a black woman writerBlack LiteratureLangston Hughes—the “Poet Laureate of Harlem”/ “O. Henry of Harlem”Richard Wright—protest fiction, Native SonJames Baldwin—race & homosexuality: two themesRalph Ellison—Invisible Man★Toni Morrison (female)—Beloved, Nobel Prize (1993) (the second American woman writer to enjoy the honor) (the first American woman writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature: Pearl Buck)Southern LiteratureThe South is known as the Bible Belt.★William Faulkner—the foremost southern writer of the 20th C; Nobel Prize (1950)The Sound and the Fury—Stream of ConsciousnessYoknapatawpha CountyWilliam Styron—Sophie’s Choice。

专八人文英国美国文学作者及作品

专八人文英国美国文学作者及作品

专八人文英国美国文学作者及作品英国文学1、Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）2、 William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third 约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus 考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯•安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯•凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯•阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗3、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）4、 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608-1674 L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso 沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙5、John Bunyan班扬1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生6、Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign 远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险7、Richard Steele理查德•斯梯尔1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部8、Danniel Defoe丹尼尔•迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton 辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记9、 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)10、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism 批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial 愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot 与阿布斯诺博士书11、Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂•吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟•安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人江奈生•魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆•琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚12、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信13、 Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774 The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱;The Rivals情敌；The School for Scsanda造谣学校14、William Blake布莱克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem名诗：London;The Tiger15、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs 两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands 我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰•安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn16、William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770-1850 An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足;The Prelude序曲17、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文学传记18、Walter Scott瓦尔特•司各特1771-1832 诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人小说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖•曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷•达沃19、Jane Austin简•奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺20、Charles Lamb查尔斯•兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;Alburn Verses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集(Dream Children梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Year’s Eve除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;The SuperannuatedMan领取养老金的人;A Bachelor’s Compla int of the Behavior of Married People单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)21、William Hazlitt威廉•赫兹里特1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎剧中的人物;A View of the English Stage英国舞台一瞥;Lecture on the English Poets论英国诗人;The Spirit of the Age时代精神;Sketches and Essays素描与随笔;Table Talk桌边文谈名文：On Familiar Style22、 George Gordon Byron乔治•拜伦1788-1824 Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德•哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales 东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan 唐•璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece23、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;A Defence of Poetry诗辩24、John Keats约翰•济兹1795-1821 Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成）25、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845 The Song of the Shirt衬衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲叹之桥;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的腿26、Ernest Jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：The Women’s Wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future27、 Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892 Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo 提姆巴克图;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud毛黛;Enoch Arden伊诺克•阿登;Idylls of the King国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break28、Robert Browning 勃朗宁1812-1889 Paracelsus巴拉塞尔士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice 向前看);Dramatic Personae登场人物;Men and Women男男女女29、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗;The Cry of the Children30、 Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗•退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁•朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔;Hard Times 艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程31、William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利•艾斯芒的历史;The Newcomes纽可谟一家;The Virginians 弗吉尼亚人32、 Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 Mary Barton玛丽•巴顿;Ruth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传33、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮•勃郎特1816-1855 Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/Wuthering Height呼啸山庄/Agones Grey艾格尼斯•格雷34、 George Eliot爱略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亚当•贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南;Middlemarch米德尔马契;Felix Holt,the Radical35、 Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲学/旧衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroes andHero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜36、George Meredith梅瑞狄斯1828-1909 诗：Modern Love;Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth大地欢歌小说：The Ordeal of Richard Feverel理查德•法弗尔的考验；The Egoist利己主义者;Diana of the Crossways彷徨中的戴安娜;The Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit喜剧的概念与喜剧精神的作用37、William Morris莫里斯1834-1896 诗：The Earthly Paradise地上乐园;Chants of Socialism社会主义歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者小说：A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰•保尔;News from Nowher乌有乡消息38、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon 埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜39、 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲40、 Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 小说：New Arabian Nights 新天方夜谭;Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde 化身博士;Kidnapped诱拐游记：An Inland Voyage内陆游记;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes 骑驴旅行;A Child’s Garden of Verses儿童诗园41、 Isabella Augusta Gregory/Perse格葛瑞/珀斯1852-1932 The Travelling Man旅行者;Spreading the News道听途说;Hyachinth Halvey海钦斯•哈尔威;The Gaol Gate监牢之门;The Rising of the Moon月亮上升的时候42、Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900 长篇小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林•格雷的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance 一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性43、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950 长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist 业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;John Bull’s Other Island英国佬的另一个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion 劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露44、George Gissing吉辛1857-1903 小说：Demos民众;New Crub Srreet新穷士街;Born in Eile在流放中诞生;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft拉伊克罗夫特的日记（散文）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究45、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924 长篇小说：Almayer’s Folly奥尔迈耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus水仙号上的黑鬼;Lord Jim吉姆老爷;Nostromo诺斯特罗莫;The Secret Agent间谍;Chance机缘;Victory胜利短篇小说：An Outpost of Progress文明的前哨;Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心;Youth青春46、 Joseph Rudyard Kipling罗德雅德•吉卜林1865-1936 诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book 林莽之书;The Lost Legion47、William Butler Yeats叶芝1865-1939 诗：Respondibilities责任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯名诗：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国土;The Hour Glass时漏;Dedidre 黛德尔Autobiographies自传三部曲;Essays and Introduction48、 Herbert George Wells威尔斯1866-1946 科幻小说：The Time Machine 时间机器;The Island of Dr Morau莫洛博士岛;The Invisible Man隐身人;When the Sleeper Waked;The Shape of Things to Come未来事物的面貌 An Outline of World Histrory 世界史纲社会生活小说：Tono Bungay托诺•班格;Ann Veronica安•维罗尼卡;Kipps基普斯49、 Enoch Arnord Bennett阿诺德•本涅特1867-1931 A Man from the North 北方人;Anna of the Five Towns五镇上的安娜;The Old Wives’ Tale老妇谭;Clayhanger克莱亨厄剧本：Milestones;How to Live Twentyfour Hours a Day50、 John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song 天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争51、 Saki萨奇（Hector Hugh Munro孟柔）1870-1916 短篇小说集：Reginald 雷金纳德;Reginald in Russia;The Chronicles of Clovis克洛维斯记事;Beats and Super-beats;The Toys of Peace;The Square Egg方蛋名文：Dusk52、Edward Morgan Forster福斯特1879-1970 长篇小说：Where Angels Fear to Tread天使们忘而却步的地方;The Longest Journey最漫长的旅程;A Room with a View可以远眺的地方;A Passage to India印度之行短篇小说集：The Eternal Moment永恒的时刻散文集：Abinger Harvest在阿宾格村的收获;Two Cheers for Democracy53、 John Millington Synge沁孤1871-1909 The Playboy of the Western World 西方世界的花花公子;Riders to the Sea骑马下海的人们;Deridre of Sorrows 悲伤的黛达尔;In the Shade of the Glen在幽谷的阴影下;The Tinker’s Wedding补锅匠的婚礼54、Bertrand Russell罗素1872-1970 Road to Freedom到自由之路;Marriage and Morals婚姻与自由;Mysticism and Logic神秘主义与逻辑;Sceptical Essays怀疑论集;The Analysis of Mind心理分析;History of Western Philosophy西方哲学史;Priccipia Mathematica数学原理;A Free Man’s Worship短篇小说：Satan in the Suburbs撒旦在郊区;Portraits from Memory回忆中的画像55、 William Somerset Maugham毛姆1874-1965 小说：Liza of Lambeth兰贝思的莉莎;Of Human Bondage人类枷锁;Cakes and Ale寻欢作乐;The Moon and Six Pence月亮与六便士短篇小说：Complete Short Stories短篇小说集剧本：Smith ;The Circle;Our Betters位居我们之上的人们56、 John Masefield梅斯菲尔德1878-1967 诗：Salt-Water Ballads海上歌谣;The Everlasting Mercy永久的仁慈;The Widow in the Bye Street小街的寡妇;The Daffodil Fields水仙田;Reynard the Fox狐狸雷纳德小说：Captain Margaret;Multitude and Solitude群与独;Sard Harker萨德•哈克尔剧本：The Locked Chest57、Giles Lytton Strachey斯特雷奇1880-1932 传记：Emiment Victorians 维多利亚时代的杰出人物;Queen Victoria评论集：Land-marks in French Literature;Books and Characters58、Sean O’casey肖恩•奥凯西1880-1964 剧本：The Shadow of a Gunman 枪手的影子;Juno and the Peacock裘诺与孔雀;The Plough and the Stars犁与星;The Star Turns Red;Red Roses for Me给我红玫瑰自传体小说：I Knock at the Door我敲门;Pictures in the Hallway门厅里的图画;Drums under Windows窗下鼓声;Inishfallen,Fare Thee Well英尼希法伦，再见;Rose and Crown;Sunset and Evening Star日落与金星59、James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941 短篇小说：Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess 尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒60、Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941 长篇小说：Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Orlando奥兰多传;The Waves浪;Flush弗乐希;Between the Acts幕间散文集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’s Own;Three Guineas三个基尼亚名文：Modern Fiction现代小说日记：A Writer’s Diary61、 David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930 The White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫人的情人62、Katherine Mansfield曼斯菲尔德1888-1923 In a German Pension在一个德国公寓里;Blis幸福;The Garden Party园会;The Dove’s Nest鸽巢;Something Childish幼稚集63、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965 诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation普鲁夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虚的人们;Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂里的谋杀案;The Family Reunion团圆评论集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向约翰•德莱顿致敬;For Lancelot Andrews纪念兰斯洛特•安德鲁斯64、 Aldous Leonard Huxley赫胥黎1894-1963 Antic Hay滑稽的环舞;Point Counter Point旋律和对立;Brave New World新奇的世界;Letters书信集;Ape and Essence猿与本质;Eyeless in Gaza加沙的盲人;After Many a Summer多少个夏天之后;The Doors of Perception感觉之门;Fairy Godmother天使教母(←Two or Three Grace s雅事二三)65、 John Boynton Priesley普里斯特利1899- 小说：The English Comic Characters英国喜剧从物;The English Novel英国小说;The Good Companions 好伙伴;Angel Pavement天使街;They Walk in the City;他们走在城市中；Let the People Sing让人们歌唱剧本：Dangerous Corner危险的转角;Time and the Conways时代与康威一家;In Inspector Calls罪恶之家;When We Are Married;The Linden Tree普提树;Summer Day’s Dream夏日梦66、 Hugh MacDiarmid麦克迪尔米德1892-1978 Sangshaw诗歌集;A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle醉汉看蓟;First/Second/Third Hymn to Lenin;In Memoriam James Joyce悼念乔伊斯 ;Collected Poems名诗：Why I Choose Red;Moonlight Among;The Pines;Third Hymn to Lenin67、 Ivor Armstrong Richards理查兹1893-1979 Principles of Literary Criticism文学批评原理;Science and Poetry;Practical Criticism实用批评;Coleidge on Imagination柯尔律治论想象;The Philosophy of Rhetoric修辞哲学;Basic in Teaching :East and West教学基础（The Four Kinds of Meaning）;Basic English and It’s Uses基础英语及其应用68、Leshe Poles Hartley哈特利1895-1972 短篇小说集：Night Fears and Other Stories黑夜的恐惧及其他故事(The Killing Bottle致命瓶;The White Wand 白色魔杖) 论文集：The Novelist’s Responsibility长篇小说：Eustace and Hilda优斯塔斯与希尔达三部曲(The Shrimp and the Anemone虾与海葵);The Go-Between信使;The Hireling佣工；Facial Justice 表面正义;The Boat;A Perfect Woman一个完美的女人;The Betrayal背叛;My Sister’s Keeper妹妹的监护人69、Elizabeth Bowen鲍恩1899-1973 The Hotel旅舍;The House in Paris巴黎寓所;The Death of the Heart心死;The Heat of the Day炎日短篇小说集：Look at All Those Roses(Tears ,Idle Tears)70、Victor Sawdon Pritchett普里彻特1900- 短篇小说：The Sailor水手;The Sense of Humour幽默感;Mr Beluncle贝伦克尔先生游记：The Spanish Temper西班牙性格评论集：Books in General书籍泛谈自传：A Cab at the Door:A Memoir马车在家门口：回忆录； Midnight Oil 挑灯夜谈71、 George Orwell奥威尔1903-1950 小说：Down and Out in Paris and London 巴黎伦敦落魄记;Homage to Catalonia向坎塔罗尼亚致敬;Animal Farm兽园;Nineteen Eighty-Four散文集：Dickens,Dali and Others狄更斯，达里及其他;Shooting on Elephant and Other Essays猎象记及其他;The Collected Essays,Journalism and Letters of George Orwell in Four Volumes奥威尔散文，新闻写作及书信集名文：Lear Tolstoy and The Fool72、Frank O’connor奥康纳1903-1966 论文集：The Lonely Voice:A Study of the Short Story寂寞之声：短篇小说研究自传：An Only Son独生子;My Father’s Son;The Backward Look:A Survey of Irish Literature爱尔兰文学回顾短篇小说集：Collection Two:Stories by Frank O’connor(Private Property 私有财产)73、 Evelyn Waugh伊夫林•沃1903-1966 长篇小说：Decline and Fall没落与堕落;Vile Bodies行尸走肉;A Handful of Dust 一撮灰尘;Black Mischief黑色的祸害;Scoop挖新闻;Put out More Flags多升几面旗;Bridgeshead Revisited重游布赖兹海德(Men at Arms行伍生涯;Officers and Gentlemen军官与绅士;Unconditional Surrender无条件投降→The Sword of Honour荣誉之剑三部曲)自传：A Little Learning一点学问（三部只成一部）短篇小说集：Mr Loveday’s Little Outing and Other Sad Stories洛弗戴先生一次短暂的外出与其他悲惨故事74、 Christopher Isherwood 衣修午德1904- All the Conspirators所有的阴谋者;Mr Norris Changeds Traits诺里斯先生换火车;Sally Bowles萨利•鲍尔斯（选自《再见吧，柏林》）;Journey to a War战地行;Prater Violet紫罗兰姑娘;The World in the Evening夜晚的世界;Down there on A Visit在那儿进行访问;A Single Man单身汉;A Meeting by the River河畔相会75、Graham Greene格雷厄姆•格林1904- 消遣：Stamboul Train斯坦布尔列车;A Gun for Sale一支出卖的枪;Our Man in Havana我们在哈瓦纳的人严肃：The Power and the Glory权力与荣誉;The Heart of the Matter问题的核心;The End of the Affair爱情的结局;The Quiet American;The Comedians 喜剧演员;The Human Favor人的因素76、 Charles Percy Snow斯诺1905-1980 Strangers and Brothers陌生人与兄弟们;The Light and the Dark光明与黑暗;Time of Hope希望的时刻;The Masters院长们;The New Men新人;Homecoings归家;The Conscience of the Rich 富人的良心;The Affairs事件;Corridors of Power权力走廊;The Sleep of Reason理智沉眠;Last Things结局77、 Peter Courtney Quennell昆纳尔1905- Byron:The Year of Fame拜伦：盛名时期;Byron in Italy;Byron:A Self-Portrait拜伦：一幅自我画像;A History of English Literature;Four Portraits:Studies of the 18th Century 四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究78、William Empson燕卜荪1906- 诗集：Poems;The Gathering Storm酝酿中的风暴;Collected Poems名诗：Legal Fiction;Homage to the British Museum论著：Seven Types of Ambiguity晦涩的七种类型;Some Versions of Pastoral 田园诗的几种变化；The Structure of Complex Words复合词的结构79、Wystan Hugh Auden奥登1907-1973 诗集：Poems;The Orators雄辩家;Look,Stranger!瞧，陌生人;Spain诗剧：The Dog Beneath the Skin皮下之狗;The Ascent,F6攀登F6;On the Frontier边界上The Sea and the Mirror海与镜;The Age of Anxiety忧虑时代;The Shield of Achilles阿基琉斯的盾牌;Homage to Clio向克奥女神致敬;About the House 屋子内外散文评论集：The Dyer’s Hand染工之手;Secondary World次要的世界名诗：Who’s Who;The Unknown Cit izen;Their Lonely Betters80、William Golding戈尔丁1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却•马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔81、 Angus Wilson威尔逊1913- 小说：The Wrong Set and Other Storie乱了套和其他短篇故事s;Anglo-Saxon Attitudes盎格鲁撒克逊态度;The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot艾略特夫人的中年;The Old Men at the Zoo; Late Call夜访;As if by Magic象是用了魔术评论：Emile Zole爱弥尔•佐拉;The World of Charles Dickens;The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling吉卜林的奇异旅程82、Dylon Thomas迪伦•托马斯1914-1953 诗：Eighteen Poems;The Map of Love 爱的地图;Deaths and Entrances死亡与出场;Collected Poems自传：Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog作为一条小狗的艺术家画像广播剧：Under the Milk Wood 名诗：Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night83、 Muriel Sarah Spark斯帕克1918- The Comforter安慰者;The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie琼•布罗迪小姐的黄金时代;The Diver’s Seat司机的座位;The Abbess of Crewe克鲁女修道院院长;Loitering with Intent存心游戏;Collected Stories I短篇小说集（一）84、 Richard Lessing多丽丝•莱辛1919- The Grass is Singing草儿在歌唱;Children of Violence暴力和孩子们(Martha Quest玛莎•金奎特 ;A Proper Marriage正当的婚姻;A Ripple from the Storm暴风雨掀起的涟漪;Landlocked 被陆地围住的;The Four-gated City四门城);The Golden Notebook金色笔记;Briefing for a Descent into Hell堕入地狱简况;The Summer before the Dark85、Iris Murdoch默多克1919- Under the Net在网下;The Bel钟l;A Severed Head砍掉的头;The Black Prince黑衣王子;The Sea,The Sea大海啊，大海86、Philip Larkin拉金1922- 诗：The North Ship北方船;Jill;A Girl in Winter诗集：The Less Deceived受骗较少的人;The Whitsun Weddings降灵节婚礼;High Windows高窗名诗：Church Going;Reason for Attendance87、 Kingsley Amis 金斯莱•艾米斯1922- 小说：Lucky Jim幸运的吉姆;My Enemy’s Enemy我的敌人的敌人;One Fat Englishman一个英国胖子;That Uncertain Feeling那种不安感;Take a Girl Like You爱你这样的姑娘;Ending up死88、John Wain韦恩1925- 长篇小说：Hurry on Down大学后的漂泊;Living in the Present生活在当代;The Contenders竞争者;Strike the Father Dead打死父亲;A Winter in the Hills山中寒冬短篇小说集：The Life Guard救生员89、 Brian Wilson Aldiss奥尔迪斯1925- The Brightfountain Diaries明泉日记; The Billion Year Spree:The History of Science Fiction科幻小说史;Best SF Stories of Brian W Aldiss奥尔迪斯最佳科幻故事集(Outside外界)90、Alan Sillitoe西利托1928- Saturday Night and Sunday Morning;The General;Key to the Door;A Tree on Fire;A Start in Life一位长跑运动员的孤独;The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner捡破烂人的女儿;The Ragman’s Daughter;The Windower’s Son91、John Osborne奥斯本1929- Look back in Anger愤怒的回顾;Lurther;Inadmissible Evidence不能接受的证据;Time Present and Hotel in Amsterdam目前和阿姆斯特丹的旅馆92、Ted Hughs特德•休斯1930- The Hawk in the Rain雨中鹰;Lupercal卢泼卡尔神(Hawk of Roosting);Scapegoats and Rabies替罪羊与狂犬病;Wodwo沃德沃怪物;Crow乌鸦Songs of Woe哀歌93、 Arnold Wesker韦斯克1932- 剧本：The Wesker Triology韦斯克三部曲(Chicken Soup with Barley大麦鸡汤;Roots;I’m Talking aboutJerusalem0;The Four Seasons;The Friends;The Journalists新闻记者;Caritas Christi卡里塔斯•克里斯蒂94、Margaret Drabble德雷伯尔1939- 小说：A Summer Bird-cage夏日的鸟笼;The Garrick Year茄立克年;The Millstone磨石;The Needle’s Eye针眼 ;The Realms of Gold黄金世界;The Ice Age冰期<a href=>真题网提供</a><br>美国文学1、 Benjamin Franklin本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普•弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、 William Cullen Bryant威廉•柯伦•布莱恩特1794-1878 The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝） Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia 莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔•阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen 致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼•布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、 Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself 自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比•迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利•巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰•格林里夫•惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom 自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特•比彻•斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克•道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉•迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的18、 Mark Twain马克•吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆•索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉•达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902 The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、 William Dean Howells 威廉•狄恩•豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯•拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism andFiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利•亚当斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(历史著作)；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利•亚当斯的教育22、 William James威廉•詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意识流”理论) Principles of Psychology心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、 Henry James享利•詹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯•毕尔斯1842-1914? 小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh 魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life 在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary 魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请者)。

英语专八美国文学

英语专八美国文学

American Literature第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）The Literature before the Revolution of Independence第一节美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学）Native American Literature (The Traditional Literature of the American Indians)Three stages of development: traditional literature---transitional literature---modern literature第二节北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末—十七世纪中）Literature of Colonial SettlementsJohn Smith (1580-1631)---the “first author” in the history of American literature;第一位美国作家---A True Relation with a Description of the Country (1608) 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》was considered to be the “first book” in American literature.美国文学史上的“第一部作品”第三节清教思想的表述PuritanismAmerican Puritanism stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement from God’s grace. 第二阶段独立革命时期（17C中期—18C末）The Literature around the Revolution of Independence With Franklin as its spokesman, the literature of this period experienced an age of reason and order. Thomas Jefferson’s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call Age of Reason.第三阶段浪漫主义时期（十八世纪末—十九世纪中后期）American Romanticism was also called American Renaissance. Romantics shared characteristics: moral enthusiasm, individuality and intuitive perception.第四阶段现实主义时期（十九世纪中期—二十世纪初）American RealismMajor Features: 1) Straightforward or matter-of-fact manner;2) Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people;3) Objective rather than idealistic view of human nature;4) Present moral visions;5) Usually open ending.American industrialization was the first important factor of the development of American Realistic literature. This was the beginning of the Age of Realism, which is also called “the Gilded Age” by Mark Twain.The development of the Far West was the second important factor to promote the literary development. (The Gold Rush)Local color fiction had a brief vogue when Realism first emerged in America.第五阶段现代主义时期（二十世纪初—）American ModernismModernism used to show the literary art possessing outstanding characteristics in conception, feeling, form and style after the WWⅠ. It means cutting off history and a sense of despair and loss. It refused to accept the traditional concept of value and all traditional ideological influences.。

英语专八英美文学总结：美国文学

英语专八英美文学总结：美国文学

英语专八英美文学总结：美国文学一、殖民地时期的美国文学1、约翰史密斯：美国文学的第一个作家，《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》；2、纳撒尼尔沃德：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》，北美讽刺文学第一笔；3、威廉布拉德福德：美国历史之父，《普利茅斯种植园史》4、安妮、布拉德斯特利特《第十个缪斯》5、迈克尔威格尔斯沃斯6、爱德华泰勒长诗《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》7、乔纳森爱德华兹：大觉醒运动中主要的思想家；二、南北战争时期的美国文学1、富兰克林2、托马斯、潘恩：《长诗》3、托马斯、杰弗逊：《独立宣言》4、约翰、伍尔曼：《日记》5、飞利浦、弗瑞诺：美国独立革命的诗人6、飞利浦、惠特利：美国文学史上第一位出版诗集的黑人女诗人，了不起的诗才之称，《胡塞先生和棺木》；7、威廉、邓拉普：美国戏剧之父8、华盛顿、欧文：美国文学之父，《见闻札记》《睡古传说》《温克尔》9、詹姆斯菲尼莫尔库珀：《开拓者》《最后一个莫干希人》《探路人》10、威廉、布莱恩特：美国的华兹华斯，《诗选》《黄色的紫罗兰》《致水鸟》11、爱伦、坡：侦探小说的鼻祖，《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《乌鸦》12、艾默生：超验主义，13、大卫梭罗14、亨利、费朗罗：《伊凡吉林》歌颂爱情；《海华沙之歌》第一部描写印第安人的史诗；15、纳撒尼尔、霍桑：《范肖》《带七个尖角阁的房子》《福谷传奇》以第一人称叙述；16、麦尔维尔17、斯托夫人的代表作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》18、惠特曼：free verse；草叶集；三、第一次世界大战时期的美国文学1、豪威尔斯是美国现实主义文学的奠基人，其代表作诗《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》；2、亨利、詹姆斯：《黛西米勒》；《贵妇人的画像》《美国人》3、马克吐温4、赫姆林加兰：加兰是乡土文学作家的重要代表，《大路》，80年代美国的真实写照；5、弗兰克诺里斯：开创自然主义的先河，代表作《章鱼》；6、欧亨利：美国现代短篇小说的创始人；7、杰克伦敦：自然主义，《马丁伊登》自传体小说8、西奥多、德莱赛：美国现代小说的先驱，20世纪美国文学中第一位杰出的作家；《嘉莉妹妹》，《欲望三部曲》：《金融家》《巨人》《斯多葛》；9、艾米丽迪金森：现代英美诗歌的先驱；四、一战到二战时期的美国文学1、罗伯特弗罗斯特：四次获得普利策奖2、庞德：印象派诗歌运动的主要力量；3、爱德华、肯明斯：视觉诗歌的创始人；4、尤金、奥尼尔：《天边外》早起作品；《送冰人来了》；《长夜漫漫路迢迢》，1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖；5、辛克莱、刘易斯：1930年获得诺贝尔文学奖；第一个获得该奖项的美国作家，《大街》《巴比特》6、海明威：7、菲茨杰拉德：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》8、赛珍珠：《大地》1938年美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性作家；9、《约翰、斯坦贝克：20世纪美国文坛最重要的作家之一，1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖；《天堂的牧场》《煎饼坪》《愤怒的葡萄》《月落》《烦躁的冬天》10、福克纳：《喧哗与骚动》《寓言》获得普利策奖；最重要的作品三部曲：《村子》《小镇》《大宅》11、兰斯顿休斯：哈莱姆的桂冠诗人五、二战以后的美国文学1、杰克、开鲁亚克：垮掉的一代，《在路上》2、塞林格：垮掉的一代的重要作家，《麦田的守望者》3、纳博科夫：《洛丽塔》4、约瑟夫、海勒：《第22条军规》5、库特、冯尼格：黑色幽默手法；6、威廉、斯泰轮：《苏菲的选择》7、辛格：美国犹太作家，1978年诺贝尔文学奖《路柏林的魔术师》8、索尔、贝娄：1976年诺贝尔文学奖；《晃来晃去的人》9、菲利普、罗斯：《美国牧歌》，获普利策奖；10、托尼、莫里森：1993年获得诺贝尔，第一位美国黑人作家；《最蓝的眼睛》《所罗门之歌》11、田纳西、威廉斯：《欲望号街车》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》12、阿瑟、米勒：《推销员之死》。

专八美国文学常识

专八美国文学常识

American LiteratureThe Literature around the Revolution of IndependenceBenjamin Franklin----Poor Richard’s Almanac《格言历书》；The Autobiography《富兰克林自传》Thomas Paine----American Crisis《美国危机》Philip Morian Freneau----the father of American poem, The Rising Glory of America 《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》American RomanticismWashington Irving----the father of American literature, History of New York《纽约外史》；The Sketch Book《见闻礼记》James Fenimore Cooper----The Spy; The Pilot; The Last of the Mohican《最后的莫希干人》，库伯是边疆小说的创始人，frontier novels.William Cullen Bryant----the Founder of American Romantic Poetry, Thanatopsis《死亡随想》Transcendental Writers（超验主义作家）:Ralph Waldo Emerson----Nature《论自然》；Self-Reliance《论自立》Henry David Thoreau----Walden, or Life in the Woods《瓦尔登湖》“Brooding” Romanticists（沉思的浪漫主义者）:Nathaniel Hawthorne----The Scarlet Letter；Edger Allan Poe----The Raven《乌鸦》Herman Melville----Moby Dick《白鲸》The Brahmins（婆罗门派）: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow----Voices of the Night《夜吟》；A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》Walt Whitman----Leaves of Grass; Song of MyselfEmily Dickinson----This is My Letter to the World《这是我给世界的一封信》American RealismAbolition Literature（废奴文学）：Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stove----Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mark Twain----The Adventure of Tom Sawyer; The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn; The Gilded Age《镀金时代》O·Henry----The Cop and Anthem; The Gift of Magi; The Last Leave，he is good atsurprise ending.Jack London----Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》; The Call of the Wild; The Sea Wolf; The Iron Heel《铁蹄》American ModernismErnest Hemingway----A Farewell to Arms; For Whom the Bell Tolls; The Old Man and the SeaF. Scott Fitzgerald----The Great GatsbyJohn Steinbeck----The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》Arthur Asher Miller----Death of a SalesmanBritish LiteratureChartist Writers:Ernest Charles Jones----The Revolt of Hindustan, or the New Word; The Confession of a KingWilliam James Linton----The Dirge of NationTomas Hood----The Song of Shirt; The Bridge of Sighs《伤心之桥》English Critical Realistic Novelists:Charles Dickens----Greatest Realistic Novelist, Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》；David Copperfield《大卫·考柏菲》& Dombey and Son《董贝父子》；Hard Times《艰难时世》& Tale of Two Cities《双城记》William Makepeace Thackeray----Vanity Fair, or A Novel Without a Hero《名利场》Charlotte Bronte----Jane EyreEmily Bronte----Wuthering HeightAnne Bronte----Agnes Grey《艾格尼丝·格雷》Elizabeth C. Gaskell----often be called Mrs. Gaskell, Mary BartonGeorge Eliot----i.e. Mary Ann Evans, The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；Silas Marner《织工马南》Thomas Hardy----The Return of the Native《还乡》；Tess of the D’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》；Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》The Victorian Poets:Alfred Tennyson----the most important poet and one of the “Poets Laureate”, In Memoriam 《悼念》；Idylls of the King《国王之歌》; The Princess, a Medley《公主杂记》Robert Browning----The Ring and the BookElizabeth Barrett Browning----Sonnet from the PortugueseThe Modern PeriodModernism in Britain contains: aestheticism, impression, futurism, expressionism, symbolism, stream of consciousness. Modernism in the US contains: lost generation, beat generation, and black humour.John Galsworthy----The Forsyte Chronicle; The Forsyte Saga; The White MonkeyGeorge Bernard Show----Mrs. Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的职业》；Widowers’Houses 《鳏夫的房产》；The Philanderer《慈善家》；Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》；Major Barbara 《芭芭拉上校》William Butler Yeast----The Land of Heart’s Desire; The TowerEdward Morgan Forster----A Passage to IndiaOscar Wilde----The Picture of Dorian Gray《格雷的画像》The forerunner of the stream of consciousness in Britain is Henry James, who is famous for his Psychological Realism.Psycho-analytic approach in novel:David Herbert Lawrence----Sons and Lovers, focus on …Oedipus Complex” (恋母情结) Stream of Consciousness:James Joyce----A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《一个年轻艺术家的画像》；Ulysses 《尤利西斯》Virginia Woolf----To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》；The Waves《海浪》Others：T.S Eliot----Ash Wednesday; The Waste LandW.S Maugham----The Moon and SixpenceGeorge Orwell----1984; Animal Farm。

专八美国文学

专八美国文学

美国文学1.殖民时期：John Smith 第一位美国作家2.独立革命时期：Benjamin Franklin：独立宣言，poor Richard’s Almanac，autobiographyPhilip Freneau: 美国诗歌之父The Wild Honey Suckle, To the memory of brave AmericanThomas Jefferson: 独立宣言3.浪漫主义时期：Washington Irving: 第一位获得国际声誉的作家The Sketch Book( Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow)William Cullen Bryant：诗人To a Waterfowl, The Yellow Violet 翻译了伊利亚特和奥德赛James Fennimore Cooper: 小说家Leatherstocking Tales（拓荒者，探路者，莫西干人，杀鹿者，The Prairie （草原）Ralph Waldo Emerson: 超验主义的head 散文：NatureWalt Whitman：第一位使用free verse的诗人（自由诗体）草叶集：标志着美国真正诗歌的开始Nathaniel Hawthorne：the first great American writer of fiction :The Scarlet Letter(红字) The House of the Seven Gables Herman Melville: Moby Dick(白鲸)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow：Evangeline，Song of Hiawatha, A Psalm of LifeEdgar Allan Poe: 小说家，诗人：To Helen，The Raven，Annabel Lee, 厄舍古厦的倒塌Harriet Beecher Stowe：Uncle Tom’s CabinEmily Dickinson: 诗人Because I Could Not Stop for Death，I’m Nobody. Who Are You?Henry David Thoreau: Walden, Life in the Woods4.现实主义时期The Giled Age，西部发展，淘金热自然主义Mark Twain: 汤姆` 索亚历险记，哈里贝里·费恩历险记，Life on Mississippi, The Prince and the Pauper(王子与贫儿) Stephen Crane：自然主义，The Red Bandage of Courage（红色英勇勋章）Theodore Dreise：自然主义小说家，Sister Carrie，An Amrican TragedyHenry James: The American, The Portrait of a Lady, The Wings of the Dove, The Golden BowlO. Henry: 美国现代短篇小说之父The Cop and the Anthem, The Last Leaf, The gift of MagiJack London：The Call of Wild, Love and Life, Martin Eden5.现代主义时期：垮掉的一代Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, 老人与海（获普利兹奖）Francis Scott Fitzgerald: 小说家The Great Gatsby, Tender is the nightRobert Frost：诗人A boy’s will, North of Boston, Mending Wall, The road not taken,Desert Places, Stopping by the woods on a snowy eveningWilliam Faulkner：小说家The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August, Absalom, AbsalomWilla Cather: My AntoniaSherwood Anderson: 小说家：Winesburg,Ohio Death in the Woods The Triumph of the EggSinclair Lewis: Main Street, BabbittEugene O’Neil: 戏剧家Beyond the Horizon, The Hairy Ape, Desire Under the Elms,The Iceman Cometh（卖冰的人来了）6.1945年后Ralph Ellison：黑人作家，Invisible ManSaul Bellow:1976诺贝尔文学奖The Adventures of Augie March, Seize the Day, The Dangling ManFlannery O’Connor：Rabbit Run/ Redux/ Is Rich/ at RestWilliam Carlos Willians：诗人，The Yachts，Paterson，The Red Wheel BarrowTennessee Williams：The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar named Desire，Cat on a Hot Tin RoofArthur Miller: Death of a SalesmanEdward Albee: The Zoo Story, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf.。

专八人文知识总结美国文学

专八人文知识总结美国文学
美国独立之父the father of American revolution
Thomas Jefferson
独立宣言 Declaration of Independence
Part 3浪漫主义时期 Romanticism
Washington Irving
The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说
Rip Van Winkle里普•万•温克尔(李伯大梦)
美国文学之父
James Fenimore Cooபைடு நூலகம்er
The Pilot领航者
The Spy间谍
The Pioneer拓荒者
Ralf Waldo Emerson
Nature论自然
The American Scholar论美国学者
Self-reliance论自立
超验主义
Henry David Thoreau
Walden瓦尔登湖
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter红字
19世界影响最大的浪漫主义小说家
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass草叶集
Song of Myself 自我之歌
美国文学
part 1 1607-1776 北美殖民时期 Colonial Settlements
John Smith
A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》 （美国文学第一本书）
美国文学史上第一个作家
Part 21776-1783 独立革命时期 Revolution of Independence

美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识

美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识

美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点)托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言 Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel）The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifesto Ralf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862 Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑 subject: human soul first great American writer of fiction 象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American prose epic史诗）1819-1891 Typee泰比 Omoo奥穆 Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣 Pierre皮尔埃; Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集（the birth of truly American poetry and the endof romanticism）(共和圣经DemocraticBible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892 Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash,主题love, nature, death, immortality; 语言plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You?我是无名小卒。

专八考试美国文学总复习1

专八考试美国文学总复习1

American Romanticism
The romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the Civil War (1790-1865).
1. Background (1) Political background and economic development Territorial Expansion Industrial Growth The Civil War The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism. → optimism and hope among the people There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. (2) foreign influence – Romantic movement in European countries
new paradise → advocate highly religious and moral principles. → American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
philipfreneaupoet菲利普弗伦诺poetamericanrevolutionrisinggloryamerica蒸蒸日上的美洲britishprisonship英国囚船braveamericans纪念美国勇士thomaspainecommonsense常识americancrisis美洲危机殖民地时期的美国文学三巨匠jonathanedwardsbenjaminfranklinthomasjeffersonbenjaminfranklin本杰明富兰克林美国梦的真实体现benjaminfranklin自传poorrichardsalmanac穷查理历书containingwittymaximsachievingwealthhardworkthriftjonathanedwards爱德华兹angrygod愤怒的上帝手中的人们treatiseconcerningreligiousaffections论宗教感情论意志自由成功建立起了美国有史以来最完善的思想体系和情感体系直接影响了美国文学的发展

美国文学全英课件专八必备

美国文学全英课件专八必备

美国文学全英课件专八必备Part one Early American and Colonial PeriodI. Historical Background:1.The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards,Italians, and Portuguese.2.The first permanent English settlement in North America was established atJamestown, Virginia in 1617.3.The war for Independence(1776-1783)4.The colonies, most of which in old English tradition, made the original UnitedStates2. Introduction1) Instead of beginning with folk tales and songs the American literature began withabstractions and proceeded from philosophy to fiction because there were no written literature among the more than 500 different Indian languages and tribal cultures that existed in North America before the first Europeans arrived there and set up the first colony Jamestown in about 1607.2) American writing began with the work of English adventurers and colonists in theNew World chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. Some of these early works reached the level of literature, as in the robust(rather rude) and perhaps truthful account of his adventures by Captain John Smith and the sober, tendentious journalistic histories of John Winthrop and William Bradford in New England. From the beginning, however, the literature of NewEngland was also directed to the edification and instruction of the colonists themselves, intended to direct them in the ways of the godly.3) Therefore the writing in this period was essentially two kinds: (1) practicalmatter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people ―at home‖ what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration; (2) highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions.4) Furthermore, the influential Protestant work ethic, reinforced by the practicalnecessities of a hard pioneer life, inhibited the development of any reading matter designed simply for leisure-time entertainment.Protestant work ethic---- It is the belief that work itself is good in addition to what it achieves; that time saved by efficiency or good fortune should not be spent in leisure but in doing further work; that idleness is always immoral and likely to lead to even worse s in since ―the devil finds work for idle hands to do‖. This belief later developed into the American philosophic idea Puritanism.1).Main idea of this period---- American Puritanism:A. Origin of "Puritanism":The term "Puritan" first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England.Although the word is often applied loosely, "Puritan" refers to two distinct groups: "separating" Puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of England wascorrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; andnon-separating Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts BayColony, who believed in reform but not separation. Most Massachusetts colonists were nonseparating Puritans who wished to reform the established church, largely Congregationalists who believed in forming churches through voluntarycompacts. The idea of compacts or covenants was central to the Puritans' conception of social, political, and religious organizations. (from/doc/e718095478.html,/faculty/campbell/e nl310/purdef.htm）B. A definition of American PuritanismPuritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.1) Simply speaking, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of theseventeenth century because of religious persecutions. In content it means scrupulous moral rigor, especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences, that isstrictness,sternness and austerity in conduct and religion.2) With time passing it became a dominant factor in American life, one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American Literature. To some extent it is a state of mind, a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes, rather than a set of tenets.3) Actually it is a code of values, a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds, also a two-faceted tradition ofreligious idealism and level-headed common(Puritan values (creeds): Hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety, simple tastes.Puritans are more practical, tougher, to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure and optimistic)The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James !. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons, but it should beremembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in the doctrine form of worship, and organization of authority.The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to complete ?p urity‘.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.Predestination is a religious concept, which involves the relationship between God and his creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other ideas about determinism and free will. Those who believe in predestination, such as John Calvin, believe that before the creation God determined the fate of the universe throughout all of time and space.In Chinese Buddhism, predestination is a translation of yuanfenOriginal sin is said to result from the Fall of Man, when Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit of a particular tree in the Garden of Eden. This first sin ("the originalsin"), an action of the first human beings, is traditionally understood to be the cause of "original sin", the fallen state from which human beings can be saved only by God's grace.Total depravity is the fallen state of man as a result of original sin. The doctrine of total depravity asserts that people are by nature not inclined to love God wholly with heart, mind, and strength, but rather all are inclined to serve their own interests over those of their neighbor and to reject the rule of God. Even religion and philanthropy are destructive to the extent that these originate from a humanimagination, passions, and will. Therefore, in Reformed theology, God mustpredestine individuals into salvation since man is incapable of choosing God.[5]Total depravity does not mean, however, that people are as evil as possible.Rather, it means that even the good which a person may intend is faulty in its premise, false in its motive, and weak in its implementation; and there is no mere refinement of natural capacities that can correct this condition. Thus, even acts of generosity and altruism are in fact egoist acts in disguise.[6] This idea can be illustrated by a glass of wine with a few drops of deadly poison in it: Although not all the liquid is poison, all the liquid is poisoned. In the same way, while not all of human nature is depraved, all human nature is totallyaffected by depravity.But in the grim struggle for survival that followedimmediately after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical, as indeed they had to be.Puritans‘ lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of theirsettlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them, and history hascriticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error, thePuritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage, ?Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the nationalcultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.C. 21st Century PuritanismA "21st Century Puritanism", then, is the always-reforming spirit of 17th-centuryPuritanism applied to the challenges of the 21st century church. In place of anArminian "free-will" gospel that exalts human worth and ability, the 21st Century Puritan calls us back to the Biblical gospel that exalts the power and sovereignty of Almighty God. In place of the "seeker-sensitive", man-pleasing paradigm for worship, the 21st Century Puritan points us back to the Biblical, God-ordained pattern of worship revealed in Scripture—emphasizing a Godward focus—preaching His glories, rejoicing in His mercy to hell-deserving sinners, falling at His feet in humble supplication, singing from joyful, forgiven, God-saturated hearts psalms and hymns that exalt His majesty andhonor.2) Major Puritan worksThe first work published in the Puritan colonies was the Bay Psalm Book马萨诸塞海湾地区赞美诗篇(1640), and the whole effort of the divines who wrote furiously to set forth their views was to defend and promote visions of the religious state. They set forth their visions—in effect the first formulation of the concept of national destiny—in a series of impassioned histories and jeremiads from Edward Johnson‘s Wonder-Working Providence创造神迹的天福(1654) to Cotton Mather‘s epic Magnalia Christi Americana基督在北美的辉煌(1702).Even Puritan poetry was offered uniformly to the service of God. Michael Wigglesworth‘s Da y of Doom (1662) was uncompromisingly theological, and Anne Bradstreet‘s poems, issued as The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America (1650), were reflective of her own piety. The best of the Puritan poets, Edward Taylor, whose work was not published until two centuries after his death, wrote metaphysical verse, Sermons and tracts poured forth until austere Calvinism found its last utterance in the words of Jonathan Edwards. In the other colonies writing was usually more mundane and on the whole less notable, though the journal of the Quaker JohnWoolman is highly esteemed, and some critics maintain that the best writing of the colonial period is found in the witty and urbane observations of William Byrd, agentleman planter of Westover, Virginia.C Influence on American Literature1)America literature is in good measure a literary expression of the pious idealism ofthe American Puritanism bequest. All literature is based on amyth of garden of Eden.2)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chieflyinstrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.Symbolism as a technique has become a common practice in American literature.3)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plainand honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.Puritan Poets1.Anne Bradstreet (the ninth muse):(For further information, please go to:/doc/e718095478.html,/~mseifert/bradstre et.html)2.Edward Taylor: "Huswifery" (Chang, p19)Representatives of Dawning NationalismPhilip Freneau: "The Wild Honey Suckle" (Chang, p23),"The Indian BuryingGround"Benjamin Franklin3. The literary Scene in colonial America1)Humble origins: diaries, histories, journals, letters, travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies, sermons2)Writers:John Smith: the first American writerAnne Bradstreet: a Puritan poet"CONTEMPLATIONS" comprises thirty-three stanzas rhyming ababccc, in which six iambic pentameter lines culminatewith an alexandrine. Adopting themodels of Fletcher and Quarles (Stanford 101), Bradstreet, with her three "c" rhymes and closing alexandrine, modifies the nine-line stanza of The Faerie Queene; thisformal kinship with Spenser is compounded by the pace of her narrative. The workwas probably completed in the 1660s.First appearing in the posthumous Several Poems, "Contemplations" belongs to a later group of writings, often domestic in their subject matter, in whichBradstreet's personal voice achieves its graceful maturityThe Complete Work: Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650)?Edward Taylor: a variety of verse: funeral elegies, lyrics, a medieval "debate,"and a 500-page Metrical History of Christianity (mainly a history of martyrs). His best works, according to modern critics, are the series of short PreparatoryMeditations.Philip Freneau: ―Poet of the American Revolution‖―Father of American Poetry‖He is the most significant poet of 18th century in America.Some off his themes and images anticipated the works of such 19th century American Romantic writers as Cooper, Emerson, Poe and Melville.His works: The Rising Glory of America 1772 《美洲光辉的兴起》?The Wild Honey Suckle 1786 《野地里德忍冬》The Indian Burying Ground 1788 《印第安人墓地》?The Dying Indian: T omo Chequi 《奄奄一息的印第安人：托姆·柴吉》4. Main Features of this period1) American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters,commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.2) In content these early writings served either God or colonial expansion or both. Inform, if there was any form at all, English literary traditions were faithfully imitated and transplanted.3) The Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shapinginfluences in American thought and American literature.Early Romantic PeriodWashing Irving (1783-1859)Irving‘s careerIrving‘s Major Works―Rip V an Winkle‖so famous, a part of the American cultural traditionmarks a distinct step in the development of the short-story from a German source---changed the setting and added conflicts of his own to make it American―Rip V an Winkle‖The storyQ:If you fell asleep today and awakened 20 years from now, what questions would you ask the first person you saw?Do you think the change is necessary or not? Why or why not?What is Rip‘s attitude to the change and the modern democratic America?What is Irving‘s a ttitude?Rip Van Winkle 瑞普. 凡. 温克尔李白大梦有一天Rip van Winkle在山中遇到背着酒桶的形状古怪的老头子。

专业八级英国美国文学知识考点

专业八级英国美国文学知识考点

英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学〔499-1066〕1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开场上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud "农夫皮尔斯的幻象"5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集〔英雄双韵体〕6、托马斯.马洛礼"亚瑟王之死"三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学〔伊丽莎白时代〕〔14-16世纪〕1、托马斯.莫尔"乌托邦"2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney "The defense of Poesie""阿卡迪亚"描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞"仙后" 诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗："维纳斯和阿多尼斯"、"露克丝受辱记"四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧〔edy of manners〕"人性互异"8、约翰.多恩"玄学派〞诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一"Essays"英国开展史上的里程碑"学术的推进"和"新工具"四、启蒙时期〔18世纪〕1、约翰、弥尔顿："失乐园"、"为英国人民争辩"2、约翰、班扬："天路历程"religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的出色代表、桂冠诗人；"论戏剧诗"4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用到达登峰造极的使用；"田园组诗"是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物"墓园挽歌"6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经历之歌；7、罗伯特、斯：格兰最出色的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办"The tatler"和"the spectator"9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；"鲁滨逊漂流记"；"铲除非国教徒的捷径"，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift "一个小小的建议"；"格列佛游记"；"桶的故事"；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；"约瑟夫。

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美国文学主要分为四个时期：㈠The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。

一．殖民地时期（The Literature of Colonial American Colonial Period 1607---1775）1、约翰·史密斯（John Smith）：早期英国殖民者、探险家，在弗吉尼亚建立了第一个永久英国殖民地。

被誉为美国文学的第一位作家。

（注：Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America on May, 1607.）代表作：《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》（A True Relation of Virginia）是美国文学第一书。

2、纳撒尼尔·沃德（Nathaniel Ward）：被誉为“北美讽刺文学第一笔”。

代表作：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》（The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam in America）。

3、威廉·布拉福德（William Bradford）：被誉为“美国历史之父”。

说起美国人的祖先，一般人都会说是“五月花”号（Mayflower）。

威廉·布拉福特（William Bradford）就是“五月花”号上的领导者，《五月花号公约》Mayflower Compact的主要起草人，后来成为普利茅斯殖民地的总督。

现在，美国的第二号节日“感恩节”就是由他提出来的。

代表作：《普利茅斯种植园史》（History of Plymouth Plantation）。

4、安妮·布拉德斯特里特（Anne Bradstreet）：殖民地时期的第一位诗人。

代表作：《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America）。

5、乔纳森·爱德华兹（Jonathan Edwards）：“大觉醒”（The Great Awakening）运动中的主要思想家。

代表作《愤怒是上帝手中之罪人》。

二．独立战争到南北战争（American Literature between the War of Independence and the Civil War the Early National Period 1775---1865）1、本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）：美国启蒙运动The Enlightenment Movement 的开创者、科学家、实业家、政治家和革命家，参与撰写了《独立宣言》。

代表作：《自传》（Autobiography）《穷查理历书》（Poor Richard’s Almanac）《致富之道》The Way to Wealth2、托马斯·潘恩（Thomas Pain）：代表作：Common Sense常识The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题American Crisis 美国危机The Age of Reason理性时代3、菲利普·弗瑞诺（Philip Freneau）：爱国诗人，革命诗人代表作：The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲The British Prison Ship英国囚船Tothe Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花4、托马斯·杰佛逊（Thomas Jefferson）：美国第三任总统，执笔完成《独立宣言》㈡American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学1800年-1865年内战结束:Started with Washington Irving's <The Sketch Book> and ended with Whitman's <Leaves of Grass>, also called 'the American Renaissance'.The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism.（除了华盛顿欧文和詹姆斯库珀）- <Leaves of Grass> established Walt Whitman as the most popular American poet of the19th century.1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）：father of American short stories, the American Goldsmith, father of American literature “美国文学之父”, perfect the best classic style that American Literature ever produced.代表作：《纽约的历史》（A History of New York）《见闻札记》（The Sketch Book）短篇小说《睡谷的传说》（The Legend of Sleepy Hollow）使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）。

2、詹姆斯·库珀（James Cooper）：美国长篇小说之父，以“皮裹腿”（leatherstocking）小说著称。

擅写边疆题材。

他在美国文学史上开创了3种不同类型的小说，即革命历史小说《间谍The Spy》、边疆冒险小说《拓荒者The Pioneer》和海上冒险小说《舵手The Pilot》代表作：边疆五曲《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales（包括《猎鹿者》The Deer slayer 《探路人》（The Pathfinder）《拓荒者》（The Pioneers）《大草原》The Prairie 《最后一个莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans）著名的长篇小说）3、爱默生（Emerson）：超验主义（Transcendentalism）思想家。

代表作：《论自然》（Nature）The Bible of New England Transcendentalism，演讲《论美国学者》（The American Scholar）4、梭罗（Thoreau）：超验主义（Transcendentalism）的另一位重要代表。

代表作：《沃尔登湖，或林中生活》（Walden, or Life in the Woods）。

5、纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）：19世纪美国影响最大的浪漫主义小说家。

代表作：《红字》（The Scarlet Letter）Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an OldManse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The House of the Seven Gables 有七个尖角阁的房子;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像6、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（Herman Melville）：代表作：《莫比·迪克/白鲸》（Moby Dick）regarded as the first American prose epic7、亨利·华兹沃斯·朗费罗（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow）：19世纪美国最受欢迎的诗人代表作：《海华沙之歌》（The Song of Hiawatha）美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗《伊凡吉林》（Evangeline）8、埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allen Poe）：诗人，小说家，被认为是侦探小说的鼻祖。

（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）西方现代主义小说之父代表作：《厄舍古厦的倒塌》（The Fall of the House of Usher），《乌鸦》（The Raven）。

9、沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）：杰出的诗人，创造了“自由体”（free verse）诗歌代表作：《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）10、哈利耶特·比彻·斯托（Harriet Beecher Stowe）：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）11、艾米丽·迪金森（Emily Dickson）：诗人代表作：《艾米丽·迪金森诗集》（Poems by Emily Dickson）。

㈢American Realism（美国现实主义文学1865南北战争--1914第一次世界大战）。

三大代表人物：豪威尔斯、亨利詹姆斯、马克吐温1、威廉·迪安·豪威尔斯（William Dean Howells）：美国现实主义（Realism）文学的奠基人。

代表作：《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》（The Rise of Silas Lapham）。

2、Henry James享利·詹姆斯见英国文学（因为他也是英国作家）3、美国乡土文学Local Colorism及代表人物有三种书写方式：浪漫主义、现实主义和现代主义。

分别以库柏、加兰和福克纳为代表。

库柏赞美西部边疆,书写的是“西部牧歌”;加兰揭示乡村生活的残酷性,书写的是“乡村讽刺诗”;福克纳在对南方种植园的眷念和批判中,书写着“南方哀歌”赫姆林·加兰（Hamlin Garland）：乡土文学代表人物。

代表作《大路》（Main-Traveled Roads）。

马克·吐温（Mark Twain）：the true father of American literature杰出的幽默讽刺作家代表作：《镀金时代》（The Gilded Age）《汤姆·索亚历险记》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn）（all modern American literature comes）《王子与贫儿》（The Prince and the Pauper）《密西西比河上》（Life on the Mississippi）4、美国自然主义naturalism：形成于十九世纪下半叶。

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