Ⅲ. Defining Culture 跨文化交际 辽宁师范大学 选修课课件 外语学习
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• The extent to which a society accepts that
power in relationships, institutions, and organizations is distributed unequally.
(5) High and Low Contact
• The space in physical relationships.
High-contact cultures: stand源自文库close, touch frequently, maintain eye contact.
Low-contact cultures
(6) High-Context and Low Context Cultures
• 3. Our Definition:
Culture provides the blueprint that determines the way we think, feel, and behave in society.
• 4. Characteristics of culture:
pervasive, learned, shared, adaptable,
• Time orientation
Past or present or future orientated
• Activity orientation
Being or doing
• 6. Cultural Universals
Despite their many differences, all cultures have features in common. For example, government, food taboos, greetings, marriage etc. They provide a basis for comparing cultures.
Low: verbal message (direct and explict)
(7) Others
• Human nature orientation
Good or evil
• Relationship of Humankind to Nature
subject --- cooperate ---- subdue
roles, achievement, the acquisition of money, signs of manliness (assertive, domineering)
• Femininity: caring, nurturing,
interdependence, benevolence, sexual equality
(Everything created by human being including artifacts, sociofacts, mentifacts)
• 2. Narrow Definition:
Culture refers to the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate behavior.
uncertainty by providing stability, establishing more formal rules, not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors, seeking consensus, and believing absolute truths.
explicit or implicit, changeable, and ethnocentric.
(2) Masculinity and Femininity
• The degree to which masculine or
feminine traits prevail.
• Masculinity: ambition, differentiated sex
7. Cultures within Cultures
Ⅳ. Intercultural Communication
• 1. Definition. • 2. A Model of Intercultural Communication
3. Assumptions about IC
(1) Differences to be expected (2) Relational communication (3) Communication style (4) Reducing uncertainty
4. Impact of culture
5. Variations of IC
• Intracultural C • Crosscultural C • Intercommunication • International C • Interethnic C • Interracial C
• Low–uncertainty-avoidance cultures
• High
Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium Japan
Low Sweden Denmark Norway U.S.A. Finland
4. High-Power and Low-Power Distance
3. Uncertainty Avoidance
• The extent to which a culture feels threatened
by or anxious about uncertain and ambiguous situations.
• High-uncertainty-avoidance cultures try to avoid
• The degree to which meaning comes from
settings or from the words being exchanged.
High: information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. Also through status (age, sex, education, family background)
Ⅲ. Defining Culture
• 1. Broad Definition:
Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival, resulted in satisfaction for people in an ecological place, and thus become shared among persons who communicate with each other through a common language and lived at the same time.
power in relationships, institutions, and organizations is distributed unequally.
(5) High and Low Contact
• The space in physical relationships.
High-contact cultures: stand源自文库close, touch frequently, maintain eye contact.
Low-contact cultures
(6) High-Context and Low Context Cultures
• 3. Our Definition:
Culture provides the blueprint that determines the way we think, feel, and behave in society.
• 4. Characteristics of culture:
pervasive, learned, shared, adaptable,
• Time orientation
Past or present or future orientated
• Activity orientation
Being or doing
• 6. Cultural Universals
Despite their many differences, all cultures have features in common. For example, government, food taboos, greetings, marriage etc. They provide a basis for comparing cultures.
Low: verbal message (direct and explict)
(7) Others
• Human nature orientation
Good or evil
• Relationship of Humankind to Nature
subject --- cooperate ---- subdue
roles, achievement, the acquisition of money, signs of manliness (assertive, domineering)
• Femininity: caring, nurturing,
interdependence, benevolence, sexual equality
(Everything created by human being including artifacts, sociofacts, mentifacts)
• 2. Narrow Definition:
Culture refers to the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate behavior.
uncertainty by providing stability, establishing more formal rules, not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors, seeking consensus, and believing absolute truths.
explicit or implicit, changeable, and ethnocentric.
(2) Masculinity and Femininity
• The degree to which masculine or
feminine traits prevail.
• Masculinity: ambition, differentiated sex
7. Cultures within Cultures
Ⅳ. Intercultural Communication
• 1. Definition. • 2. A Model of Intercultural Communication
3. Assumptions about IC
(1) Differences to be expected (2) Relational communication (3) Communication style (4) Reducing uncertainty
4. Impact of culture
5. Variations of IC
• Intracultural C • Crosscultural C • Intercommunication • International C • Interethnic C • Interracial C
• Low–uncertainty-avoidance cultures
• High
Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium Japan
Low Sweden Denmark Norway U.S.A. Finland
4. High-Power and Low-Power Distance
3. Uncertainty Avoidance
• The extent to which a culture feels threatened
by or anxious about uncertain and ambiguous situations.
• High-uncertainty-avoidance cultures try to avoid
• The degree to which meaning comes from
settings or from the words being exchanged.
High: information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. Also through status (age, sex, education, family background)
Ⅲ. Defining Culture
• 1. Broad Definition:
Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival, resulted in satisfaction for people in an ecological place, and thus become shared among persons who communicate with each other through a common language and lived at the same time.