2015年英语专业四级真题及答案(阅读理解)

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2015年英语专四考试真题与答案解析

2015英语专四考试真题及答案2015年专业四级答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and herhusband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案

2015年6月大学英语四级阅读真题与答案文章来源：文都教育Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.Across the rich world,well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65%of American men aged62-74with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with32%of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences,for individuals and society,are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people.And they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated,and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift:the skills that complement computers,from management knowhow to creativity,do not necessarily decline with age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015英语专四真题及答案

DictationMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.Listening ComprehensionSection A ConversationConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don ' t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. Food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed whileChristmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSection B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one 's health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one 's habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is toA. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___________ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to ___ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. ParentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, ___ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. Money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSection C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school 's way of handling the situation?A. They were upset.B. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ____ of its hotels inthe next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani ____ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being invo Ived in a taxi accide nt.D. Hiri ng a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the followi ng EXCEPT _____ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol pois oning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was _____ .A. .945 millionB. 1.07 billio nC. 500,000D. 87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Brita in because ___A. The UK is a good film locati onB. The cast usually comes from Britai nC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Product ion cost can be reducedCloseElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much take n for gran ted nowadays31 we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 32 to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 of every modern city. In the home, many 34 devices are powered by electricity. 35 when we turn off the bedside lamp and are36 asleep, electricity is working for us, 37our refrigerators, heating our water, or keep ing our rooms air-c on diti on ed. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 to consider why or how they run 39 something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something 40 go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark42 to do anything; liftsstopped work ing, so that 43 you were lucky eno ugh not to be 44 betwee n two floors youhad the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 became as gloomy and uninviting 47 the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 although thepolice had bee n ordered to 49 in case of emerge ncy, they were just as con fused andGrammar and vocabulary51. When you have finished with that book,don' t forget to pUback on the shelf,?A. will youB. do youC. don 'youD. won 'you52. Mary is ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is in correct?A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Only one out of six were prese nt at the meeti ng.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future ten?A. My friend teacheschemistry in a school.B. I 'll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London sta nds on the River Thames55. It is not so much the Ianguage___ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to un dersta nd.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ t he committee has made the right decisi on on the hous ing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. whe n57. All the Preside nt's Men _____ one of the importa nt books for the stude nts who study the Watergate Scan dal.A. remai nB. rema inedC. remai nsD. is remai ning58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ____ able to advise you much better tha n I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb（静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belo ng60. Which of the followi ng italicized parts in dicates a subject-verb relatio n?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary n eeds a frien d to talk to.61. The following are all correct responsesto Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPT ______ .A. Bob did thatB. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowersB. Few wordsC. This workD. Ano ther two girls63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness ?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health,_ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have bee nC. beingD. be66. Two of her brothers were __ during the Second World War.A. called onB. called upC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell _ at about$50 a case.A. wholesaleB. totallyC. en tirelyD. together68. The product contains n — colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. falseC. artificialD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-finial with good grace. The underlined partis closest in meaning to ___ .A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. ____ a nd bus in ess leaders were delighted at the decisi on to hold the n ati onalmotor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. Civilia nD. Civic71. The city coun cil is pla nning a huge road-buildi ng programme to ease con gesti on. The underlined part mean ____ .A. clamB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortun ate appeara nee was offset by an attractive pers on ality. The un derl ine part means all the followi ng EXPECT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. bala needD. compe nsated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlinedpart mean _____ .A. lumpB. depressi onC. swelli ngD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and_ workers.A. lay intoB. lay offC. lay dow nD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high _ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. sta ndardB. evaluati onC. comme ntD. rat ing76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesin cludi ng conferen ces, film shows, etc. The un derl ine part means .A. celebrateB. sig nifyC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means .A. abundantB. un believableC. productiveD. gen erative78. The local n ewspaper has a_of 100.000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulati onC. motio nD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined partmea ns .A. eve ntuallyB. subseque ntlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple pf young people were giving out leaflets in front of the departme nt store.The un derl ine part mean __ .A. distribut ingB. han dli ngC. dividi ngD. arrangingRead ing comprehe nsionTEXT AInun dated by more in formatio n tha n we can possibly hold in our heads, we are in creas in gly handing off the job of rememberi ng to search engines and smart phones. Google is eve n reportedly work ing on eyeglasses that could one day recog nize faces and supply details about whoever you are look ing at. But new research shows that outsourcing our money- and expecting that information will continually and in sta ntan eously available- is cha nging oucog nitive habits.Research con ducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assista nt professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the an swer to a questi on, we now th ink about where we can find the n earest Web conn ecti on in stead of the subject of the questi on itself. A sec ond revelati on is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we dontremember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there us the researchers final observati on: the expectati on that we'll be able to locate in formatio n down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we will be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the con text of facts: we n eed somethi ng to think and reas on about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they n eed to be stored i n the original hard drive, our Iong-term memory. Especially in the case of children, factual knowledge must precede skill” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia-meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memoriz ing the n ames of the Preside nts arenover quite yet. Adults, too, n eed to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encoun ter. Youca'Google con test.Last, there's the possibility, in creas in gly terrifyi ng to con template, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, The experienee of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you are going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure ' fully charged.81. Google'seyeglasses are supposed to ____ .A. improve our moneyB. fun cti on like memoryC. help us see faces betterD. work like smart phones82. According to the passage, cognitive habits” refers to _____ .A. how we deal with in formatio nB. functions of huma n memoryC. the amount of in formati onD. the availability of in formatio n83. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about Sparrows research is CORRECT?A. We remember people and things as much as beforeB. We remember more Internet connections tha n beforeC. We pay equal attention to location and content of informationD. We tend to remember locati on rather tha n the core of facts84. What does the author mean by con text”？A. It refers to Ion g-term memoryB. It refers to a new situati onC. It refers to a store of kno wledgeD. It refers to the search engine85. What is the implied message of the author?A. Web conn ecti ons aid our memoryB. People differ in what to rememberC. People n eed to exercise their memoryD. People keep memory on smart phonesTEXT BI was a sec on d-year medical stude nt at the uni versity, and was on my sec ond day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university ' philosophy was to get students seeing patie nts early in their educatio n. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: sec on d-year stude nts know n ext to nothing about medici ne.Assigned to my team that day was attending -a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patie nts feel they were n't in the hands of amateurs. Many atte ndings were researchers who didnthave much rece nt hospital experie nee. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a reside nt (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie likes myself). In addition, there were in terns. These guys were just as gree n as I was, but in a scarier way; they had rece ntly graduated from the medical school, so they were tech ni cally MDs.I bega n the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patie nts; later, we were to present our findings to the residents and then to the attending. I had three patie nts and the in tern had the other five-piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital sig ns and saw that his respirati on and hear rate had bee n climb ing, but his temperature was steady.It didn 'tseem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pn eum onia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.ft 'really hot in here, Doc ” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40am, during our team meeting, Code Blue Room 307!” blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams s room.Whe n we arrived, he was moti onl ess.The autops（尸体解剖）later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pul monary embolism（肺部栓塞）.A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadnt read that chapter in thetextbook yet. And I was too scared, in secure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, buwhat' particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of stude nts as na?as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A. He himself wan ted to have practiceB. Stude nts of all majors had to do soC. It was part of his medical trainingD. He was on a research team87. We lear n that the authoisteam members had _.A. some professi onal deficie ncyB. much practical experie neeC. adequate kno wledgeD. long bee n work ing there88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caughthis atte ntion EXCEPT. .A. steady temperatureB. faster heart rateC. breath ing problemD. moving difficulty89. His symptoms had been textbook means that his symptoms were __A. part of the textbookB. expla ined in the textbookC. no Ion ger in the textbookD. rece ntly in eluded in the textbook90. A t the end of the passage, the author expresses about the medical educati on system.A. optimismB. hesitati onC. supportD. concernTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades oldcounting, is one of the nation' greatest public health success stories-but not for every one.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than ten in ten do. But some states-Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few-seem to have missed the messagethat smok ing is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surge on Gen era' Report on Smok ing and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseaseswas major n ews the n. The hazards of smok ing were just starti ng to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually and an ti-smok ing moveme nt that shifted the n atio n' attitude on smok ing. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaura nts, bars, public buildi ngs and eve n their own workplace. Milli ons of lives have bee n saved.The formula for success is no Ion ger guesswork: Adopt tough warmi ng labels, air public service ads, fund smok ing cessati on programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to preve nt smok ing, particularly among price-se nsitive tee ns, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smok ing, youve won the war. Few people start smok ingafter tur ning 19.The real-life evide nee of tax ing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $ 2.42 on every pack-three times the average tax in the states with the highest smok ing rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the coun try, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 perce nt of tee ns smoke -ar below the n ati onal average of 18 perce nt. Compare that with Ken tucky, where taxes are low (60 cen ts), smok ing restrictio ns are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York '. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking- far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund in itiatives that help smokers quit or persuade tee ns not to start.An ti-smok ing forces have ple nty to celebrate this week, hav ing helped avoid 9 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does coun ti ng” mean in the con text?A. I ncludi ngB. Calculati ngC. Relying onD. Con ti nuing92. Accord ing to the con text, Their failure ” refers to .A. those adults who continue to smokeB. those states that missed the messageC. finding of the reportD. hazards of smok ing93. T he following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPTA. cigarette warni ng labelsB. rejectio n by the publicC. an ti-smok ing campaig nsD. an ti-smok ing legislati on94. Accord ing to the author, raisi ng tax on cigarettes .A. is un fair to the poorB. is an effective measureC. in crease public reve nueD. fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to stage an ti-smok ing campaig nsB. The effects of the report on smok ing and healthC. The efforts to cut dow n on tee nage smok ingD. Tax as the surest path to cut smok ingTEXT DAttachme nt Pare nting is not In dulge nt Pare nting. Attachme nt pare nts do no t§poil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they n eed and regardless of what is practical. I ndulge nt pare nts gives toys for tantrums（发脾气）,ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they n eed. Attachme nt pare nts believe that love and comfort are free and n ecessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment parenting is not afraid of tears' parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not man ipulatio n. And our childre n un dersta nd this too. They cry and have tan trums sometimes, of cause. But they do this becausetheir emoti ons are so overwhel ming that they need to get it out. Theydo not expect to be rewarded" for their strong n egative emoti ons; they simply expect that we will liste n. We pick up our babies whe n they cry, and we resp ond to the tears of our older childre n because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that whe n a child has n eed for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those thin gs. We are not afraid of tears. We don 'avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emoti ons.Attachment parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I "m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, r un, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The attachmen” comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment parenting is not Selfish Parenting. I donthover. I supervise, I follow, I teach, I dem on strate, I expla in. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safety. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and the n with supervisi on and fin ally with trust. I don 'ti nsist that my 23 month old hold my hand where we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative thing that I hear about attachment parent§ are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment parenting. Attachment parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children n eed structure, rules, and boun daries, Attachme nt pare nts simply believe that the child and the pare nt are allies, not adversaries. And that childre n are taught, not train ed.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is thatthey ____ .A. show more love to their childre nB. thi nk love is more importa ntC. prefer both love and toys in pare nti ngD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. Accord ing to the author, what should pare nts do when their kids cry?A. Reward ing kids with toysB. Trying to stop kids cryingC. Holding them till they stopD. Provid ing comfort and love98. What dose free-rang6' mean according to the passage?A. Willi ng to give kids freedom of moveme ntB. Ready to play games with my kidsC. Curious to watch what games they playD. Fond of provid ing a home base99. Which of the followi ng is NOT attachi ng pare nti ng?A. Fosteri ng their curiosityB. Help ing them do the right thingC. Show ing them how thi ngs are doneD. Standing by and protect ing。

2015英语专业四级真题【精选文档】

2015英语专业四级真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015 —GRADE FOUR- ）PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip？A. The return trip is too expensive。

B。

There is no technology to get people back。

C。

People don’t want to return。

D. The return trip is too risky。

2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C。

Skills.D。

Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers。

C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D。

Preparation for the trip to Mars。

Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C。

Buying things like electrical goods.D。

Visiting shops and buying online。

2015年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析

2015年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water whiletrying to swim.1. The passage is mainly about____.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preserversC) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.A) with as few strings as possibleB) capable of being worn on both sidesC) according to each wearer's sizeD) comfortable and light to wear4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervous before a disaster5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards.B) The water would choke him.C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.答案与解析：1. B文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。

2015年专四真题及详解

2015英语专业四级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT 130 MINPART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, which intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One..PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversation. Listen to the conversation carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Question 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestion 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passage. Listen to the passage carefully and then answer the questions that following.Question 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Question 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.Question 23 to 24 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150Question 25 to 26 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.Question17 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £945 millionB. £1.07 billionC. £500,000D. £87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___.A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 35 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 __ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ betweentwo floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four works ,phrases or statements marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentences.Mark your answer on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT _____?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64.When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined partis closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A.distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.Text AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate inf -ordination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, ―cognitive habits‖ refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by ―context‖?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending.I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy(尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there[D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty[B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate[D]breathing problem89. ―His symptoms had been textbook‖ means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, SouthDakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor[B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue[D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves, Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise,。

2015年英语专四真题及参考答案整理版

2015年英语专四真题参考答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happ y with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male a nd female roles now. / One is that both menand women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They m ay choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at h ome / orshe may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

TEM英语专业四级完整真题及答案详解

TEM英语专业四级完整真题及答案详解2015英语专业四级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015 -GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about??A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming??A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPT ?A. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomedwhile Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shoppriceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean will?A. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America? ?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.?A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets??A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6thgraders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. H ow did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation??A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key? ?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years. News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity?is?such?a?part?of?our?everyday?lives?and?so?mu ch?taken?for? granted?nowadays?31?___?we?rarely?think?twice?when?we?switch?on?the?light?or?turn?o n?the?TV?set.?A t?night,?roads?are?brightly?lit,?enabling?people?and32?___?to?move?freely.?Neon?lighting usedinadvertising?has?become?part?of?the?33?___?of?every?modern?city.?In thehome,many?34?___?devices?are?powered?by?electricity.?35?___?when?we?turn?off?the?bedside?lamp?and?are?36?___?aslee p,?electricity?is? working?for?us,?37?___?our?refrigerators,?heating?our?water,?or?keeping?our?rooms?ai r-conditioned.? Every?day,?trains,?buses?and?subways?take?us?to?and?from?work.?We?rarely?38?___?to? consider?why?or?ho w?they?run——39?___?something?goes?wrong.?In?the?summer?of?1959,?something?40??___?go?wrong?wit h?the?power-plant?t hat?provided?New?York?with?electricity.?For?a?great?many?hours,?life?came?almosttoa41___.Trains?refused?to?move?and?the?people?in?them?sat?in?the?d ark,?42?___?to ?do?anything;?lifts?stopped?working,?so?that?43 ___youwere?lucky?enough?not?to?be?44.?___?between?two?floors, youhadtheunpl easanttaskoffindingyourway down?45?___?of?stairs.?Famous?streets?like?Broadway?and? Fifth?Avenue?in? a(n)?46?___?became?as?gloomy?and?uninviting?47?___?the?most?remote?back?stre ets.?People?were?a fraid?to?leave?their?houses,48?___?.?although?the?police?had?been?ordered?to?49?___ incaseofemerg ency,theywerejustasconfused?and50?___?as?anybody?else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it backon the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? ?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense??A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll gi ve it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makesthe film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholarswho study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to adviseyou much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)??A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news tothe teacher?” EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECTA. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness??A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meetingcame to an endhalf an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. Theunderlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to holdthe national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to easecongestion. The underlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality.The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a seriesof activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of thedepartment store. The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there isthe researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglas ses are supp osed to _ __.[A]improve our memory [B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better [D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information [B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information [D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’sresearch is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.。

2015年英语专业四级真题试题与答案

2015年英语专业四级真题试题与答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN ]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you fourtimes. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen andtry to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passagewill be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during thistime you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to checkthrough your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN ]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully andthen answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answerto each questionon your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversationscarefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listento the conversation.1. According to the conversation, Mr Johnson is NOT very strong inA. history.B. geography.C. mathematics.D. art.2. Mr Johnson thinks that _______ can help him a lot in the job.A. logicB. writingC. historyD. mathematics3. Mr Johnson would like to work as a(n)A. adviser.B. computer programmer.C. product designer.D. school teacher.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listento the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listento the conversation.8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPTA. name.B. address.C. receipt.D. phone number.9. Parcels must be left open mainly forA. customs’ check.B. security check.C. convenience’s sake.D. the company’s sake.10. The woman’s last inquiry is mainly concerned withA. the time needed for sending the parcel.B. the flight time to New York.C. the parcel destination.D. parcel collection.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passagescarefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of thepassage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to thepassage.11. Where is the train to Nanjing now standing?A. At Platform 7.B. At Platform 8.C. At Platform 9.D. At Platform 13.12. Which train will now leave at 11:35?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.13. Which train has now been cancelled?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of thepassage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to thepassage.14. The museum was built in memory of thoseA. who died in wars.B. who worked to help victims.C. who lost their families in disasters.D. who fought in wars.15. Henry Durant put forward the idea because heA. had once fought in a war in Italy.B. had been wounded in a war.C. had assisted in treating the wounded.D. had seen the casualties and cruelties of war.16. Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?A. Both are used as the organization’s official symb ols.B. Both are used regardless of religious significance.C. The red cross was the organization’s original symbol.D. The red crescent was later adopted for use in certain regions.17. How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?A. It is just a lot of cheering.B. It mainly involves yelling.C. It mainly involves dancing.D. It is competitive in nature.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of thepassage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to thepassage.18. How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?A. They set fireworks for their team.B. They put on athletic shows.C. They run around the spectators.D. They yell for people to buy drinks.19. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?A. Because they try dangerous acts to catch people’s attention.B. Because they shout and yell so their voice becomes hoarse.C. Because they go to the pyramid and the hills to perform.D. Because they dance too much every day for practice.20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The first cheerleaders was a man named John Campbell.B. Cheerleaders’ contests are only held at the state level.C. Before 1930 there were no women cheerleaders.D. The first cheerleading occurred in 1898.SECTION C NEWS BROAOCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. How many of the emigrants died after being thrown into the sea?A. 15 of them.B. 3 of them.C. 100 of them.D. Dozens of them.22. The illegal emigrants came fromA. Italy.B. Africa.C. the Mediterranean region.D. places unknown.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. What does the news item mainly report?A. China will send three people into space in a week.B. Three Chinese astronauts will spend a week in space.C. The Shenzhou VI will be launched next year.D. Shenzhou V circled the earth for two days.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the newsitem, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to thenews.24. Which of the following had NOT been affected by the wildfires?A. Houses.B. Land.C. Skies.D. Cars.25. The fires were thought to have been startedA. purposefully.B. accidentally.C. on the Mexican border.D. in southern California.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. ________ ranks second among leading tourism nations.A. FranceB. The United StatesC. SpainD. Italy27. It is predicted that by 2020 China will receive _________ visitors.A. 77 millionB. 130 millionC. 36.8 million。

英语专四真题及答案解析

英语专四真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR- PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all thefollowing things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents r educe their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handlin g the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men. News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted no wadays 31 ___ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, ro ads are brightly lit,when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working f or us, 37 ___ ourrefrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air- conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how the y run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refu sed to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopp ed working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two fl oors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famou s streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just asconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. asA. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the universityheld a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.81. Google’s eyeglasses are suppose d to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research i s CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. Wha t does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the searchengine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked onedetail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to hislungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was majornews then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokerswere cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT Dchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believeAttachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also notselfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show howto do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the p assage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语专业四级真题及答案(阅读理解)

laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping
grotesquely, screaming in their treble voices with shrill laughter. They lost
of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can
adversely affect other mental abilities as well.
2) The human body doesn't discriminate between a big stressful event
to effectively handle this stress.
1) Stress can make smart people do stupid things: Stress causes what
brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part
CIRP Freshman Survey that reported students' emotional health levels at their
lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are
than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round

2015专四真题及答案解析（高清详细版）

PART I DICTA‎TIONMale and Femal‎e Roles‎in Marri‎a geIn the tradi‎t iona‎l marri‎a ge, the man worke‎d to earn money‎for the famil‎y. / The woman‎staye‎d at home to care for the child‎r en and her husba‎n d. / In recen‎t years‎, many coupl‎e s conti‎n ue to have a tradi‎t iona‎l relat‎i onsh‎i p of this kind. / Some peopl‎e are happy‎with it. But other‎s think‎diffe‎r entl‎y. /There‎are two major‎diffe‎r ence‎s in male and femal‎e roles‎now. / One is that both men and women‎have many more choic‎e s. / They may choos‎e to marry‎or stay singl‎e. / They may choos‎e to work or to stay at home. / A secon‎d diffe‎r ence‎is that, withi‎n marri‎a ge many decis‎i ons are share‎d. / If a coupl‎e has child‎r en, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman‎may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women‎now decid‎e these‎thing‎s toget‎h er in a marri‎a ge.听写指导：由题目可以‎判定，文章围绕男‎性和女性在‎婚姻中的角‎色展开，第一段介绍‎了传统婚姻‎中两性的角‎色，而第二段对‎当今社会中‎两性在婚姻‎中的角色进‎行了具体的‎论述。

2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 2(翻译)

2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 2（翻译）I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but histemperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?我是这所大学医学院的一名二年级学生，我在附近的一家医院进行了第二天的查房。

2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 3(翻译)

2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 3（翻译）The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smokingafter turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.禁烟斗争已经持续了50年，而且还在持续，它是美国最伟大的公共卫生成功案例之一——但并非对每个人都是如此。

2015年专四真题

2015年专四真题Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN.]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still lethe content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal acrothe country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66.The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A. hospital teaching acrothe country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD. only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with their school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tibbett, the founder of Computer town UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computer own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computer town USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain, Computer towns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tibbett thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computer towns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tibbett finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computer towns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “{people-literate”.70. According to David Tibbett, the purpose of Computer town UK is to【2015年专四真题】。

2015年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2015年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 1．正确答案：Male and Female Roles in Marriage In the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it, but others think differently. There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them / some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：M: Hello, Jennifer.W: Hello, Callum.M: Do you like to travel?W: Oh, yes. I love going to new and interesting places.M: What do you think of the idea of a one-way trip to Mars?W: You do mean the planet Mars?M: Well, this is what is being planned at the moment by a company in the Netherlands. They are planning to send people to Mars and the people who go would never be able to come back to Earth.W: Sounds like quite a trip!M: What is interesting about it is that this would be a one-way trip. W: Why is this a one-way trip? M:(1)It’s about technology. Although we do havethe knowledge and technology to get people to Mars, we can’t get them back. W: That’s a big commitment, isn’t it? But I imagine some people will jump at the opportunity. But what kind of person are they going to recruit for this “trip of a lifetime” ? M: They want smart people, which means clever, intelligent people. These people need to be healthy both physically and mentally. They also need people with very specific skills. W: I would think so.M:(2-1)And there is something more important. W: What’s that?M:(2-2)Character. You need to have die right personality. W: What other characteristics are they looking for? M:(2-3)They want people who can still work well when things are bad, people who are calm in a crisis.(3-1)So from what you’ve heard, does it sound like a job for you? W:(3-2)Absolutely not. I don’t mind travelling but I think it’s a bit far for me. And what about you? M:(3-3)No, it’s not for me, I have to say. I’m not made of the right stuff.2．Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A．The return trip is too expensive.B．There is no technology to get people back.C．People don’t want to return.D．The return trip is too risky.正确答案：B解析：细节题。

英语专四阅读真题讲义及答案解析(2015年-2018年)

专四阅读课程讲义一、2015年考题Text AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. 41）Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory—and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available—is changing our 51）cognitive habits.42）Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia—meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.41.Google’s e yeglasses are supposed to ___.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones42.Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A]We remember people and things as much as before.[B]We remember more Internet connections than before.[C]We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.43.What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.41~43答案: B D DText BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds ata nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.44)Assigned to my team that day was an attending—a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five—piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. 45) His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. 46) Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?44.We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there[D]some professional deficiency45.“His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook46.At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]support44~46答案：D D CText CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories—but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states—Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few—seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.47)Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack—three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke—far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking—far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their firstpuff each day, the war is not won.47.According to context, “their failure” refers to___.A.those adults who continue to smokeB.those states that missed the messageC.findings of the reportD.hazards of smoking48.What is the passage mainly about?[A]How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B]The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C]Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D]The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.47~48答案：B DText DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. 49）Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.50）Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In fact, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves.Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover, I supervise. I follow, I teach, I demonst rate, I explain. I don’t slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finallywith trust. I don’t insist that my 23 month old hold my hand wh en we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about “attachment parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries. And that children are taught, not trained.49.According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A.Providing comfort and love.B.Trying to stop kids crying.C.Holding them till they stop.D.Rewarding kids with toys.50.What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A.Fond of providing a home base.B.Ready to play games with my kids.C.Curious to watch what games they play.D.Willing to give kids freedom of movement.49~50答案：A DSection B. Short answer questions.In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Passage One 51. According to the author, what does “cognitive habits” refer to?答案：to the habits to deal with information原文：Inundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our 51）cognitive habits.Passage Two 52. Why does the author doing rounds in hospital?答案：It is a part of medical education.原文：I was a second-year medical student at the university, and 52）was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Passage Three 53. What does the word “counting” mean in the c ontext?答案：It means continuing.原文：The war on smoking, 53）now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.Passage Three 54. What does the author think of raising tax on cigarettes?答案：It is effective. / It is the surest way.原文：The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. 54）But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.Passage Four 55. What does the passage mainly discuss?答案：Different types of parenting.二、2016年考题Passage One（1）When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker's clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. 41）I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the nest twenty-four I went without food and shelter.（2）42）About ten o'clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear —minus one bite — into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear.（3）I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: "Step in here, please."（4）I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.（5）Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.（6）You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn't. Brother A said he couldn't offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.（7）I finally became the pick of them.41.In Para. 1, the phrase "set my feet" probably means___________.A.put me asideB.prepare meC.let me walkD.start my journey42.It can be concluded from Para. 2 that____.A.the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB.the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC.the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD.it was very difficult for the man to get the pearpared with Brother A, Brother B was more _____ towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total stranger.A.neutralB.negativeC.reservedD.positive41~43答案：B A DPassage Two（1）44) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them.The dove（2）The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.（3）There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head.（4）But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow（5）The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. 45) In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment,representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe（6）This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. 46) It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.（7）The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church—it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch（8）The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh（9）The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. 47) It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Concept of Peace.B.Popular Peace Symbols.C.Origin of Peace Symbols.D.Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT_____.A.SwedenB.GreeceC.FinlandD.China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate_____.A.friendshipB.loveC.kinshipD.honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to_____.A.the NileB.the "afterworld"C.the hippie movementD.ancient Egypt44~47答案：B D A DPassage Three（1）Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.（2）The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.（3）48）The welfare example is well known. We don't want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don't want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about "workforce".（4）We've been thinking about it for two reasons: the "nanny" problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn't find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton's proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.（5）48）Maybe something useful will come of Clinton's idea, but I'm not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.（6）On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.（7）Not only can we never find the "perfect" punishment, 49）our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment—even the disgrace of being charged with a crime—is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as "I beat it." （8）So how can you use the system—welfare or criminal justice—to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can't.（9）We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people—to make them think and behave the way we do—when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today's action with an eye on the future.（10）We will take lowly work (if that is all that's available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.（11）And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.（12）I'm not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.（13）All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent out children from getting the disease of despair.（14）If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48.What is the author's attitude towards Clinton's proposal to welfare?A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Suspicious.D.Sarcastic.49.It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are____to the underclass.A.hopelesselessC.frighteningD.humiliating50.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?wlessness and Poverty.B.Criminal Justice System.C.Welfare Grants.D.Disease of Despair.48~50答案：A B DSection B. Short answer questions.In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Passage One 51. In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying "I had to bear my trouble"?答案：I had to endure hunger and keep wit together.原文：（4）I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. 51）They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.。