高等院校英语专业八级考试样题XI
英语专业八级考试试题及答案(2)
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英语专业八级考试试题及答案(2)英语专业八级考试试题及答案(2)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the newsitem, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China’s Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he sawme, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin’s smile.“Arch, it’s Mikey,” he said. “So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana.”He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow.“You haven’t sold many bananas today, pop,” I said an xiously.He shrugged his shoulders.“What can I do? No one seems to want them.”It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tallstreet lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father’s bananas.“I ought to yell,” said my father dolefully. “I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I’m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. “I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father.“I’ll yell for you, pop,” I volunteered.“Arch, no,” he said, “go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I’ll be late.”But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily,endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. “Nu,” he said smiling to console me, “that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it’s plain we are unlucky today! Let’s go home.”I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. “unyoked” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers’ yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tell。
英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版
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英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版TEST FOR ***** MAJORS (20XX年)GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I *****NG *****ENSION***** A MINI-*****In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: (1)__________i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself B. examples- personal space- preference for (3)__________- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to (4)___________- concept of time- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time- no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: (6)___________B. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy- less attention to body language- more concern for (7)___________- attitude toward time- concept of time: (8)____________- dislike of (9)_____________- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- (10)_____________ in successful communication参考答案:(1) context of message(2) what's happening / the context(3) closeness to people(4) body language(5) poly-chronic(6) message itself(7) the message(8) mono-chronic(9) lateness(10) great influence / significanceTIPS:(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which thecontext of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。
大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷(带答案)
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大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Suggestions of Reading ActivitiesⅠ. Three 1 phases of reading—before reading—in the course of reading—after readingⅡ. Pre-reading activities—finding 2 to make comprehension easier—we-reading discussion activities to ease cognition—being aware of the 3 for reading—consideration of different types of reading skills:skimming, scanning, extensive reading, 4—understanding the 5 of the materialⅢ. Suggestions for during-reading activitiesA. Tips of 6 :—summarizing, reacting, questioning, 7 , evaluating, involving own experiencesB. My suggestions:—making predictions—making selections—combining 8 to facilitate comprehension—focusing on significant pieces of information—making use of 9 or guessing—breaking words into their 10—reading in 11—learning to pause—12Ⅳ. Post-reading suggestionsA. Depending on the goal of reading—penetrating 13—meshing new informationB. 14—discussing—summarizing—giving questions—filling in 15—writing reading notes—role-playingSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Methods to help people get rich. B. Eight steps to make hill use of money.C. Measures to improve the quality of life.D. Basic knowledge of the payoff.17、A. Do a financial checkup. B. Read self-help books.C. Do online banking.D. Organize their daily schedule.18、A. To have online access. B. To have a shoe box.C. To know exactly what access can be used.D. To know the condition of income.19、A. Tracking on the online banking. B. Tracking with debit cards or credit cards.C. Tracking through checking account.D. Tracking with a joint account.20、A. For small purchases. B. For major purchases.C. For household expenses.D. For mortgage payment.21、A. Because the gene has been passed down before they died.B. Because their families and relatives had similar gene.C. Because the gene had to protect people in the past and today.D. Because the gene has been passed down by skipped generation.22、A. Ten minutes before we go indoor.B. Ten minutes after exposing to the sun.C. The first ten minutes when go out in the sun.D. As soon as we go out in the sun.23、A. Because they take advantage of numerous fertilizers.B. Because they are all sprayed with pesticides.C. Because they contain great chemicals and make poisons.D. Because they have been processed before sale.24、A. Because some of them are not used to some kinds of alcohol.B. Because most of them drink fewer times than people of other continents.C. Because half of them lack a gene to break down alcohol efficiently.D. Because some of them suffer from diseases that limit drinking.25、A. It gives conventional account for medicine.B. It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C. It sees various medical issues in new light.D. It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE26Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate theft bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA., which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.27The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artficial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.28The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.29However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.30The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchersestimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.31Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.32In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.PASSAGE TWO26Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think.27None of those appeals to Lori Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.28It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.29But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.30The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validation of your work and approval."31So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year".32Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit."40Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting."41Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says.42Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next.43One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.44He was lured by the salary ($1 million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mustique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.45He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled. "So, I can still dream," he adds.46I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure."PASSAGE THREE26Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.27So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG.. Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestleacute.28Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They areprospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.29Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.30Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.31BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.32Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.40Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand.41The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.PASSAGE FOUR26It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.27Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The by-pass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever.28A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels.29When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot over-look Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses.30Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a "disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."31Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.32Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come."40Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'"26、The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. is always accurate and reliableB. is proved to be inaccurateC. may sometimes show inaccuracyD. has helped end doping in sport27、According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. 1:1.B. 2.5:1.C. 3.3:1.D. 4.5:1.28、Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.B. Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.C. Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.D. Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.29、Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?______(PASSAGE ONE.A. Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.B. Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.C. Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".D. Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.30、According to the passage, ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. many people don't ask for much about their dream jobB. most Americans are not satisfied with their jobsC. Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current jobD. Loti Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all31、What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? ______(PASSAGE TWO)A. To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job.B. To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.32、All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. demonstrating duty and achievementB. being free of politicsC. making people dream about itD. involving alcohol drinking33、According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influencedB. India's milk market will be completely lapped upC. Amul will lose in the competition with EID. Unilever and Nestleacute will leave the Indian market34、All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. relying more on skilled laborB. specializing in consumer businessesC. taking advantage of the cheap workforceD. better understanding homeconsumers' tastes35、Which of the following would the author most probably agree? ______(PASSAGE THREE.A. Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing.B. Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home.C. Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world.D. Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies.36、To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. he made quality wheels famous to the whole worldB. he produced cars for free for people all over the worldC. his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a carD. his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car37、The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. 20%B. 38%C. 65%D. 75%38、Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. $260B. $130C. $520D. $104039、The last paragraph implies that ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturersB. Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and TomorrowC. Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the AmericansD. Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.According to the passage, what is the status quo of cheating in sport?(PASSAGE ONE.41、According to the second paragraph, why are the tests for anabolic steroids inconvincible?(PASSAGE ONE.42、What does the phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 mean?(PASSAGE TWO)43、What's the main idea of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)44、According to the passage, what's the market orientation of those "local dynamos"?(PASSAGE THREE.45、According to Dani Rodrik, what's the most important achievement for "export fetishism"?(PASSAGE THREE.46、Why do many Gol planes take off at odd hours and fly indirectly?(PASSAGE THREE.47、Where did the idea of assembly line come from?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.Language performance and language acquisition are the twoprinciple concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 48The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerableamount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 49of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental researchhas been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.The consequence has been most theories in this field 50are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 51and behavior or from the recent work in language performance andacquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuableresearch on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 52the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, forexample, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,the teaching of grammar by different methods.Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 53language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that allcomparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtuallyimpossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 54how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors asmotivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawnfrom such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized toother 55teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 56 learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 57PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、沿着荷塘,是一条曲折的小煤屑路。
专业英语八级真题附答案详解
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专业英语八级真题附答案详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1999)—GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The technology to make machines quieterA. has been in use since the 1930's.B. has accelerated industrial production.C. has just been in commercial use.D. has been invented to remove all noises.2. The modern electronic anti-noise devicesA. are an update version of the traditional methods.B. share similarities with the traditional methods.C. are as inefficient as the traditional methods.D. are based on an entirely new working principle.3. The French company is working on anti-noise techniques to be used in all EXCEPTA. streets.B. factories.C. aircraft.D. cars.4. According to the talk, workers in "zones of quiet" canA. be more affected by noise.B. hear talk from outside the zone.C. work more efficiently.D. be heard outside the zone.5. The main theme of the talk is aboutA. noise-control technology.B. noise in factories.C. noise-control regulations.D. noise-related effects.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed toA. work hard while their boss is around.B. come to work when there is work to be done.C. work with initiative and willingness.D. work through their lunch break.7. One of the advantages of flexible working hours is thatA. pressure from work can be reduced.B. working women can have more time at home.C. traffic and commuting problems can be solved.D. personal relationships in offices can be improved.8. On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?A. Performance at work matters more than anything else.B. There are laws protecting employees' working rights.C. Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D. Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.9. It can be assumed from the interview that an informalatmosphere might be found inA. small firms.B. major banks.C. big corporations.D. law offices.10. The interview is mainly about __________ in the USA.A. office hierarchiesB. office conditionsC. office rules.D. office life.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. Senator Bob Dole's attitude towards Clinton's anti-crime policy is that ofA. opposition.B. support.C. ambiguity.D. indifference.Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. Japan and the United States are nowA. negotiating about photographic material.B. negotiating an automobile agreement.C. facing serious problems in trade.D. on the verge of a large-scale trade war.13. The news item seems to indicate that the agreementA. will end all other related trade conflicts.B. is unlikely to solve the dispute once and for all.C. is linked to other trade agreements.D. is the last of its kind to be reached.Question 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. According to the news, the ice from Greenland provides information aboutA. oxygen.B. ancient weather.C. carbon dioxide.D. temperature.15. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?A. Drastic changes in the weather have been common since ancient times.B. The change in weather from very cold to very hot lasted over a century.C. The scientists have been studying ice to forecast weather in the future.D. The past 10,000 years have seen minor changes in the weather.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture once only. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Y our notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking ANSWER SHEETAt present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon.The first reason is that they get (1) throughout the world.The second reason is that companies and industries (2) money as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities.As sponsorship is (3) careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor.It is important that the event to be sponsored (4) the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5) and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event.Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.Popularity of the eventInternational sports events are big (6) events, which get extensive coverage on TV and in press.Smaller events attract fewer people.Identification of the potential audienceAiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events.The right audience would attract manufacturers of related products like (7) , etc.Advantages of sponsorshipAdvantages are longer-term.People are expected to respond 8 to the products promoted and be more likely to buy them.Advertising is 9 the mind.Sponsorship is better than straight advertising:a) less 10b) tax-freePART ⅡPROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN. )Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET asinstructed.The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric (1) __________human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing (2) __________with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed thatone-half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds and (3) __________more of the hunter-gatherer's calories come from plants. Detailed studiesof the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showedthat gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. Anhour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, (4) __________as an hour of gathering produces 240. (5) __________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, (6) __________and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails, interestingly, if they escapefatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to oldages despite of the absence of medical care. They experience no obesity, (7) __________and no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, noheart disease, and their blood cholesterol level are very low (about half of (8) __________the average American adult. ) If no one is suggesting that we return to (9) __________an aboriginal life, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. (10) __________ PART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN. )In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple- choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions.TEXT ARicci's "Operation Columbus"1 Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.2 Ricci is so confident that he has christen quest "Operation Columbus" and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far- fetched. The Italian edition of FMR —the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci— is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest artmagazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US $ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issuecarrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over "an inferiority complex about their art". He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange —what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.3 To realize this version, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising — and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $ 5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 600% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporations. "To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors," reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. "We would like Italians."4 Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception, will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled —and won —on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-colour pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. "I don't expect that more than 30% of my readers.., will actually read FMR," he says. "The magazine is such a visual delight that they don't have to. "Still, he is lining up an impressive stable of writers and professors for the American edition,including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seems to be pursuing his own eclectic vision without giving a moment's thought to such established competitors as Connosisseur and Horizon. "The Americans can do almost everything better than we can, "says Ricci," But we (the Italians) have a 2,000 year edge on them in art."16. Ricci intends his American edition of FMR to carry more American art works in order toA. boost Americans' confidence in their art.B. follow the pattern set by his Italian edition.C. help Italians understand American art better.D. expand the readership of his magazine.17. Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passage mainly becauseA. they both benefited from Italian sponsors.B. they were explorers in their own ways.C. they obtained overseas sponsorship.D. they got a warm reception in America.18. We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probablyA. carry many academic articles of high standard.B. follow the style of some famous existing magazines.C. be read by one third of American magazine readers.D. pursue a distinctive editorial style of its own.TEXT BUncle Geoff1 My mother's relations were very different form the Mitfords. Her brother, Uncle Geoff, who often came to stay at Swinbrook, was a small, spare man with thoughtful blue eyes and a rathersilent manner. Compared to Uncle T ommy, he was an intellectual of the highest order, and indeed his satirical pen belied his mild demeanor. He spent most of his waking hours composing letters to The Times and other publications in which he outlined his own particular theory of the development of English history. In Uncle Geoff's view, the greatness of England had risen and waned over the centuries in direct proportion to the use of natural manure in fertilizing the soil. TheBlack Death of 1348 was caused by gradual loss of the humus fertility found under forest trees. The rise of the Elizabethans two centuries later was attributable to the widespread use of sheep manure.2 Many of Uncle Geoff's letters-to-the-editor have fortunately been preserved in a privately printed volume called Writings of A Rebel. Of the collection, one letter best sums up his views on the relationship between manure and freedom. He wrote:3 Collating old records shows that our greatness rises and falls with the living fertility of our soil. And now, many years of exhausted and chemically murdered soil, and of devitalized food from it, has softened our bodies and still worse, softened our national character. It is an actual fact that character is largely a product of the soil. Many years of murdered food from deadened soil has made us too tame. Chemicals have had their poisonous day. It is now the worm's turn to reform the manhood of England. The only way to regain our punch, our character, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to compost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake living soil to nourish Englishmen's bodies and spirits.4 The law requiring pasteurization of milk in England was aparticular target of Uncle Geoff's. Fond of alliteration, he dubbed it "Murdered Milk Measure," and established the Liberty Restoration League, with headquarters at his house in London, for the specific purpose of organizing a counteroffensive. "Freedom not Doctordom" was the League's proud slogan. A subsidiary, but nevertheless important, activity of the League was advocacy of a return to the " unsplit, slowly smoked fish" and bread made with "English stone-ground flour, yeast, milk, sea salt and raw cane-sugar."19. According to Uncle Geoff, national strength could only be regained byA. reforming the manhood of England.B. using natural manure as fertilizer.C. eating more bacteria-free food.D. granting more freedom to Englishmen.20. The tone of the passage can most probably be described asA. facetious.B. serious.C. nostalgic.D. factual.TEXT CInterview1 So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.2 There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course co-ordinator, a head of department anda headteacher. As they appear to be in complete harmonywith one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.3 Oxford Brookes University's approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course co-ordinator Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting students "to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other's ". Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.4 This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. "The better prepared students won't be thrown by nerves on the day," says Ms. Stevens. "They'll have their strategies and questions worked out. "She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, "the better the student, the worse the interviewee. ' She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were true, says Ms. Stevens, you must still make your own case.5 "Beware of informality," she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.6 Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.7 Find out about the peope who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.8 During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team.9 But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.10 Routine questions can be rehearsed, but "don't go on too long", advises the department head. They may well ask: "what have been your worst/best moments when teaching?" , or want you to "talk about some good teaching you have done". The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for overcoming them. "I know I've got to work on classroom management. I would hope for some help," perhaps. No one expects a new teacher to know it all, but they hope for an objective appraisal of capabilities.11 Be warned against inexpert questioning. You may be asked questions in such a way that it seems impossible to present your best features. Some questions may be plain silly, asked perhaps by people on the panel who are from outside the situation. Do not be thrown, have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.12 You will almost certainly be asked how you see the future and it is important to have a good answer prepared. Some peopleare put off by being asked what they expect to be doing in five or ten year's time. On your preliminary visit, says the department head, be sure to give them a bit of an interview of your own, to see the direction the department is going and what you could contribute to it.13 The headteacher offers his thoughts in a eight-point plan.1. Iron the application form! Then it stands out from everyone else's, which have been folded and battered in the post. It gives an initial impression which may get your application to the top of the pile.2. Ensure that your application is tailored to the particular school. Make the head feel you are writing directly to him or her.3. Put yourself at ease before you meet the interviewing panel, if you are nervous, you will talk too quickly. Before you enter the room remember that the people are human beings too; take away the mystique of their roles.4. Listen. There is danger of not hearing accurately what is being said. Make eye contact with the speakers, and with everyone in the room.5. Allow your warmth and humanity to be seen. A sense of humour is very important.6. Have a portfolio of your work that can link theory to practice. Many schools want you to show work. Fora primary appointment, give examples from the range of the curriculum, not just art. (For this reason, taking pictures on your teaching practice is important. )7. Prepare yourself in case you are asked to give a talk. Have prompt cards ready, and don't waffle.8. Your speech must be clear and articulate, with correct grammar. This is important: they want to hear you and they wantto hear how well you can communicate with children. Believe in yourself and have confidence. Some of the people asking the questions don't know much about what you do. Be ready to help them.14 Thus armed, you should have no difficulty at all. Good luck, and keep your jacket on!21. Ms Brenda Stevens suggests that before applying job applicants shouldA. go through each other's CVs.B. rehearse their answers to questions.C. understand thoroughly the situations.D. go to town to attend training courses.22. Is it wise to admit some of your weaknesses relating to work?A. Yes, but you should have ideas for improvement in the future.B. Yes, because it is natural to be weak in certain aspects.C. No, admitting weaknesses may put you at a disadvantage.D. No, it will only prompt the interviewers to reject you.23. The best way to deal with odd questions from the interviewers is toA. remain smiling and kindly point out the inaccuracies.B. keep calm and try to be tactful in your answers.C. say frankly what you think about the issues raised.D. suggest something else to get over your nervousness.24. The suggestions offered by the head teacher areA. original.B. ambiguous.C. practical.D. controversial.TEXT DFamily Matters1 This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.2 That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law.3 Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality provide insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.4 Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 260%. The problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.5 But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fallthrough the holes in any safety net.6 Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not a revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one's parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.7 The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.8 In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged. Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support? They have several options: (a) get a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply); or (c) starve quietly.None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?9 The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.10 Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle.11 First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual's —not society's —responsibility to look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn't hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.12 Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.13 But to be sued by one's parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace. Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say." Sue and be damned. "The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengthened. It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant Son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.14 It would be nice to think that Singapore doesn't need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.25. The Maintenance of Parents BillA. received unanimous support in the Singapore Parliament.B. was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poor.C. was intended to substitute for traditional values in Singapore.D. was passed to make the young more responsible to theold.26. By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply thatA. the country will face mounting problems of the old in future.B. the social welfare system would be under great pressure.C. young people should be given more moral education.D. the old should be provided with means of livelihood.27. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.B. Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.C. It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.D. The Advisory Council was dissatisfied with the problems of the old.28. The author seems to suggest that traditional valuesA. play an insignificant role in solving social problems.B. are helpful to the elderly when they sue their children.C. are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness.D. are significant in helping the Bill get approved.29. The author thinks that if the Bill becomes law, its effect would beA. indirect.B. unnoticed.C. apparent.D. straightforward.30. At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends uponA. strict enforcement.B. public support.C. government assurance.。
2023年英语专八TEM8真题及答案
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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C, and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Projects available for taking a gap year. B. Necessary preparations for a gap year.C. Personal experience on a gap year.D. Issues related to gap-year planning.2. A. To boost one’s future resume. B. To undergo a life changing process.C. To prepare for a better life at university.D. To win a competitive edge in employment.3. A. Having exposure to exotic cultures. B. Accumulating adventure experience.C. Making constant self-improvement.D. Conducting research on others’ traditions.4. A. Researching into the benefits of a gap year. B. Listening to friends with gap year experience.C. Browsing online forums for idea exchange.D. Preparing independently for a suitable plan.5. A. V olunteering in major-related work. B. Working overseas on different projects.C. Having sufficient cultural knowledge.D. Experiencing a prolonged gap year.Now, listen to Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. It is for everybody old and young. B. It is typically 12 months in length.C. It varies for different age groups.D. It involves primarily travelling.7. A. It makes indirect differences to more people. B. It helps one to get acquainted with local people.C. It enables one to travel in more local places.D. It offers chances to know more about cultures.8. A. Hitch-hiking across America. B. Climbing Mount Qomolangma.C. Cage diving with white sharks.D. Touring overland in Africa.9. A. His childhood experience. B. His mixed parentage.C. His upbringing and schooling.D. His innate love for adventure.10. A. Gaining more social experience. B. Communicating with more local people.C. Developing critical thinking ability.D. Acquiring new knowledge.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) New calls for Australia to introduce a sugar-sweetened beverages tax have sparked an outcry from the food and beverage industry and provoked resistance from politicians. But why do health experts keep calling for a sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) tax, and why are politicians and industry resisting it?(2) Sugar taxes vary in design around the world in 26 countries. In Mexico, a 10% tax on sugary drinks was introduced in 2014. When the tax starts in the UK in April, there will be two bands—one for sugar content above 5g per 100ml and a second, higher tax on drinks containing more than 8g of sugar per 100ml.(3) In a 2018 statement on nutrition the Australian Medical Association (AMA) urged the government to introduce an SSB tax. This is significant because AMA is generally conservative when it comes to health policy and often avoids controversial debates. But it now wants a sugar tax “as a matter of priority”.(4) The health minister has made it clear the government will not support it, saying food labelling laws and voluntary codes of conduct to restrict food marketing to children are adequate. A Labor MP also stopped short of supporting a tax, saying other strategies are needed to promote a healthy lifestyle. The Greens, led by former doctor Richard Di Natale, support the tax and have previously proposed a 20% increase to the price of sugary drinks.(5) According to Prof. Tim Gill, from the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Dis orders in Sydney, the strength of an SSB tax is that it targets an easily defined product. “It’s easy to identify sugary drinks and their manufacturers, and can tax them at their production,”he said. “There are a limited number of sugary drinks producers in Australia. A problem for governments collecting taxes can be how complicated it can be. If you were to try to tax every sugary food for example, that would be very complicated to do.”(6) The government has previously used complexity as an argument against an SS B tax. “But now with the UK jumping on the bandwagon, which has a similar consumption culture to ours but with a larger population and more producers, that complexity argument doesn’t hold weight anymore,” Gill said.(7) Bureau of Statistics data shows Australia is one of the 10 highest soft drink-consuming countries per capita. The World Health Organisation recommends adults consume no more than six teaspoons of sugar per day, but the average Australian consumes more than double that. A 330ml bottle of Coke contains nine teaspoons of sugar.(8) A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found sales of softdrinks in Melbourne’s Alfred hospital dropped 27.6% during a 17-week trial when the price of sugary drinks was increased by 20%. Bottled water sales increased by almost the same amount.(9) An analysis of sugary-drink purchases in Mexico conducted two years after the tax was introduced found a 5.5% drop in the first year, followed by a 9.7% decline in the second. While two years is not enough to determine the long-term impact on health, the study found: “These reductions in consumption could have positive impacts on health outcomes and reductions in healthcare expenses."(10) Sugar-sweetened drinks and sugar generally have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, tooth decay and bone density problems. The Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association says obesity is the leading cause of preventable death or illness in Australia—above smoking But it will take longer term analysis to see clear evidence of any impact of a tax on obesity levels.(11) Lobby groups from the food and beverage industry are powerful. The Australian Beverages Council, the industry’s lobby group, has been fighting against a tax for years. It says there is no evidence a tax will do anything to reduce obesity, and it will cost jobs, which is a frightening message for politicians. The Australasian Association of Convenience Stores (AACS) described the introduction of an SSB tax in the UK as lazy,”“flawed,”“discriminatory” and “irrational”. It has ramped up its campaign to prevent such a tax in Australia.(12) Would introducing a sugar tax make Australia a nanny-state? It depends on whether you believe the food and beverage industry has too much power. Health experts argue that through advertising, product placement and political influence, the food and beverage industry has an unfair and non-transparent influence over consumer purchasing habits, and that children especially are sometimes powerless to recognise or resist it. They say an SSB tax would hold the industry to account. Others argue people need to take personal responsibility.(13) A Deakin University study used economic modelling to show the increase in annual spending on sugar-sweetened drinks under a 20% tax would average $30 a person, but those in the lowest socioeconomic groups would pay $5 a year more than those in the wealthiest groups.(14) Researchers concluded this was a modest price to pay given the benefits—and that Australia’s lowest socioeconomic group would receive the greatest health benefits. Health experts and advocacy groups say governments could reduce the financial burden on disadvantaged people by using revenue from a tax to fund health initiatives.11. What is the Australian government’s response to the SSB tax?A. It says the tax is inadequate for food marketing.B. It argues that there is no such necessity.C. It regards the tax as one of the top priorities.D. It accepts medical professionals’ advice.12. Which of the following organisations is opposed to the SSB tax?A. The Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association.B. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.C. The Australian Beverages Council.D. The Australian Medical Association.13. What is the author’s attitude towards the SSB tax according to Para. 12?A. Neutral and objective.B. Partially supportive.C. Biased and worried.D. Completely doubtful.14. What is argued about the SSB tax in Paras. 13 and 14?A. Widening the gap between socioeconomic groups.B. Imposing financial burden on common families.C. Promoting economy in a satisfactory way.D. Offsetting financial burden by funding healthcare.PASSAGE TWO(1) I’d been living in Los Angeles just under a year when, in the spring of 1983, I answered an ad in the Hollywood Reporter for a receptionist and got the job. The pay wasn’t much, but the work was in “the Business”—an apt Los Angeles euphemism for the entertainment industry. The location was within bicycling distance of my home, and they only wanted someone to work mornings. I’d get off by 1 p. m, which I thought would leave me plenty of time to do my own writing. I was wrong about that. The place was so frantic I’d come out wired and need the rest of the day to simply calm down. When, after about two weeks, I realized my afternoons were being spent in activities equivalent to running around the block twenty or thirty times, I asked to be put on full-time. Since I wasn’t getting anything else, why not,I figured, jump in for the total experience.(2) The (still thriving) company I found myself a part of possessed the unlikely name of Breakdown Services, Ltd. During the six months I worked there, I learned to savor all of that phrase’s more cynical reverberations, but in terms of the job it dealt with the dismantling or breakdown of television and film scripts. Scripts gathered from producers or studios would be regurgitated (回流) by Breakdown in the form of plot summaries, character descriptions, number of scenes per character, and the number of dialogue lines each speaks. These compilations were then xeroxed and distributed to hundreds of subscribing actors’ agents who proceeded to submit their clients for likely parts. It was a process, as I was to discover by way of angry phone calls when “breakdowns”arrived late or not at all, that the agents regarded with a reverence others might reserve for morning prayer.(3) Breakdown Services, Ltd. was the brainchild of a young man named Gary Marsh. Gary was twenty-eight when I met him, but he’d founded Breakdown when he was eighteen and was considered something of an entrepreneurial prodigy. His mother was an agent and he’d observed the piles of scripts she and her agent pals had to plow through in order to match a given role with the talent they represented. He’d also observed how much they hated the reading part of their jobs and had cleverly devised breakdowns as a way of extracting the material they needed.(4) By the time I arrived, five full-time breakdown writers worked in a desk-lined back room overlooking a parking lot. I’ve heard the current crew has now advanced to computers, but when I was there typewriters were the norm. When they weren’t typing, the writers would curl up or ne office’s worn stuffed couch and, with a script propped against one arm, fill legal-sized yellow pads with dialogue line numbers and comments which they’d then type up. It could be a complex job. For example, the breakdown for a film originally called Teenage Gambler lists over forty characters, ranging from the teenaged gambling leader to five waiters who sing “Happy Birthday” at a surprise party.(5) Perhaps because of the patience involved in this sort of extraction, women seemed to dominate the ranks of the break downers (during my tenure the ratio was four to one). Although Gary knew I’d done a bit of writing, I was relegated to the front office and never received an invitation to try my hand at breakdowns. It wasn’t something I really wanted to do. For one thing, the writers were a youthful bunch. The back room senior was in her early thirties, but none of the others had hit twenty-five. And I think Gary rightly surmised I’d be too openly cynical for the job or try to embellish too much. Breakdowns were produced anonymously and offered no artistic evaluations of the scripts. The writers might talkamong themselves about a piece they felt was particularly good or bad, but such editorializing was not allowed to make its way into the final product. That this restriction was frustrating is indicated by the fact that two of the writers began venting opinions as moonlighting theater critics for small local papers.(6) For Gary, the most problematical aspect of the breakdown business was its limited market. This had nothing to do with his operating methodology; he did what he could to exploit the possibilities. Each weekday a hardy crew made predawn deliveries of breakdowns to agents’homes or offices, while a post-dawn quartet of pager-equipped Breakdown field workers haunted the big studios ready to pounce on an available script. For these studio prowlers speed was of the essence, not only because Hollywood tends to be crisis-prone and wants everything done quickly, but because a rival, spawned by the success of Breakdown Services, Ltd. And infuriatingly named Break Through Productions, Ltd, was also on the hunt.(7) Breakdown Services unquestionably dominated the field, but the field itself had immutable perimeters. Breakdown’s subscribers had to be accredited agents, though there were some exceptions to this rule. For instance, specialized media organizations, such as the competitive, vulture-like companies that insured movie productions, could keep tabs on the industry by subscribing to the weekly Breakdown summaries. But the whole Breakdown operation was hard to monitor. When I was there, a Breakdown subscription was expensive, something like $500 a year. And though breakdowns were copyrighted and unauthorized reproduction was clearly prohibited, xerox machines are notoriously bad at picking up such distinctions and among the larger agencies breakdowns were undoubtedly duplicated and passed around.(8) Gary’s response to these built-in economic dilemmas was to diversify. A separate department for commercials, for example, appeared as apart of the Breakdown menu. Although Breakdown staffers were supposed to refrain from giving tips to potential talent, I did once tell a friend—who hoped to finance the college educations of her five-year-old identical twins by getting them on a commercial—that a juice company had put out a call for identical twin girls. Their agent submitted them, but they didn’t get the job. The nightly Breakdown delivery system expanded to an all-day messenger service. Gary also made available an assortment of directories and mailing labels listing casting directors, talent agents, and literary agents in Los Angeles and New York. The current Breakdown brochure adds yet another Breakdown amenity; for fifteen dollars you can receive an “actors’ relaxation” cassette tape “designed to maximize your abilities and stimulate your creative senses”.15. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the author to take the job?A. Convenient location.B. Decent income.C. Ideal work time.D. Reputable career image.16. What is the agents’ attitude towards “breakdowns”?A. They are patient for their late arrivals.B. They sometimes ignore their arrivals.C. They care less about breakdowns.D. They view breakdowns as essential.17. What does “such editorializing” in Para. 5 mean according to the context?A. Making comments.B. Writing editorials.C. Reproducing scripts.D. Typing scripts.18. What problem does the author mainly talk about in Para. 7?A. Market competition.B. Breakdown restrictions.C. Copyright violations.D. Lack of subscribers.19. What is the author’s tone throughout the passage?A. Infuriated.B. Ironic.C. Frustrated.D. Indifferent.PASSAGE THREE(1) It was delightful to be in such a place, after long weeks of daily and nightly familiarity with miners’ cabins—with all which this implies of dirt floor, never-made beds, tin plates and cups, bacon and beans and black coffee, and nothing of ornament but war pictures from the Eastern illustrated papers tacked to the log walls. That was all hard, cheerless, materialistic desolation, but here was a nest which had aspects to rest the tired eye and refresh that something in one’s nature which, after long fasting, recognizes, when confronted by the belongings of art, howsoever cheap and modest they may be, that it has unconsciously been famishing and now has found nourishment.(2) I could not have believed that a rag carpet could feast me so, and so content me; or that there could be such solace to the soul in wall-paper and framed lithographs (平版印刷画), and bright-colored tidies and lamp-mats, and Windsor chairs, and vanished whatnots (陈设架) with sea-shells and books and china vases on them, and the score of little unclassifiable tricks and touches that a woman’s hand distributes about a home, which one sees without knowing he sees them, yet would miss in a moment if they were taken away. The delight that was in my heart showed in my face, and the man saw it and was pleased; saw it so plainly that he answered it as if it had been spoken.(3) “All her work,” he said, caressingly; “she did it all herself—every bit,” and he took the room in with a glance which was full of affectionate worship. One of those soft Japanese fabrics with which women drape with careful negligence the upper part of a picture-frame was out of adjustment, He noticed it, and rearranged it with cautious pains, stepping back several times to gauge the effect before he got it to suit him. Then he gave it a light fi nishing pat or two with his hand, and said: “She always does that. You can’t tell just what it lacks, but it does lack something until you’ve done that—you can see it yourself after it’s done, but that is all you know; you can’t find out the law of it. It’s like the finishing pats a mother gives the child’s hair after she’s got it combed and brushed, I reckon. I’ve seen her fix all these things so much that I can do them all just her way, though I don’t know the law of any of them. But she knows the law. She knows the why and the how both; but I don’t know the why; I only know the how.”(4) He took me into a bedroom so that I might wash my hands; such a bedroom as I had not seen for years: white counterpane, white pillows, carpeted floor, papered walls, pictures, dressing-table, with mirror and pin-cushion and dainty toilet things; and in the corner a wash-stand, with real china-ware bowl and pitcher, and with soap in a china dish, and on a rack more than a dozen towels—towels too clean and white for one out of practice to use without some vague sense of profanation. So my face spoke again, and he answered with gratified words: “All her work; she did it all herself—every bit. Nothing here that hasn’t felt the touch of her hand. Now you would think—But I mustn’t talk so much.”(5) By this time I was wiping my hands and glancing from detail to detail of the room’s belongings, as one is apt to do when he is in a new place, where everything he sees is a comfort to his eye and his spirit; and I became conscious, in one of those unaccountable ways, you know, that there was something there somewhere that the man wanted me to discover for myself. I knew it perfectly, and I knew he was trying to help me by furtive indications with his eye, so I tried hard to get on the right track, being eager to gratify him. I failed several times, as I could see out of the corner of my eyes without being told; but at last I knew I must be looking straight at the thing—knew it from the pleasure issuing in invisible waves from him. He broke into a happy laugh, and rubbed his hands together, and cried out: “That’s it! You’ve found it. I knew you would. It’s her picture.”(6) I went to the little black walnut bracket on the farther wall, and did find there what I had not yet noticed—a picture case. It contained the sweetest girlish face, and the most beautiful, as it seemed to me, that I had ever seen. The man drank the admiration from my face, and was fully satisfied.(7) “Nineteen her last birthday,” h e said, as he put the picture back; “and that was the day we were married. When you see her—ah, just wait till you see her!”(8) “Where is she? When will she be in?”(9) “Oh, she’s away now. She’s gone to see her people. They live forty or fifty miles from here. She’s been gone two weeks today.”(10) “When do you expect her back?”(11) “This is Wednesday. She’ll be back Saturday, in the evening—about nine o’clock, likely.”(12) I felt a sharp sense of disappointment.(13) “I’m sorry, because I’ll be gone then,” I said, regretfully.(14) “Gone? No—why should you go? Don’t go. She’ll be disappointed.”(15) She would be disappointed—that beautiful creature! If she had said the words herself, they could hardly have blessed me more. I was feeling a deep, strong longing to see her—a longing so supplicating, so insistent, that it made me af raid. I said to myself: “I will go straight away from this place, for my peace of mind’s sake.”(16) “You see, she likes to have people come and stop with us—people who know things, and can talk—people like you. She delights in it; for she knows—oh, she knows nearly everything herself, and can talk, oh, like a bird—and the books she reads, why, you would be astonished. Don’t go; it’s only a little while, you know, and she’ll be so disappointed.”(17) I heard the words, but hardly noticed them, I was so deep in my thinkings and strugglings. He left me, but I didn’t know. Presently he was back, with the picture case in his hand, and he held it open before me and said: “There, now, tell her to her face you could have stayed to see her, and you wouldn’t.”20. The author makes the impression in Paras. 1 and 2 by means of __________.A. personificationB. contrastC. metaphorizationD. exaggeration21. Which of the following words BEST describes the man’s feelings about his wife?A. Despicable.B. Sentimental.C. Worshipping.D. Concerned.22. From the description of the man readjusting the fabric over the picture-frame, we can learn that he __.A. cares about detailsB. habitually assists his wifeC. knows why something is doneD. likes to do home decoration23. What made the author feel afraid in Para. 15?A. The weird interior atmosphere.B. The man’s insistence to see his wifeC. The man’s strange words and behavior.D. The deep desire for seeing the man’s wife.24. From the man’s narration, we know that his wife is all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. sociableB. shrewdC. beautifulD. intelligent SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25. What does Prof. Tim Gill think of an SSB tax according to Para. 5?26. What can be summarized from the study results in Para. 8?27. Summarize the AACS’s comments on the SSB tax (Para. 11) in your own words.PASSAGE TWO28. What does the italicized part in Para. 1 imply about the author’s work?29. Which word or phrase in Para. 7 has the same meaning as “limited market” in Para. 6?30. Use THREE adjectives to describe Gary Marsh as a businessman.PASSAGE THREE31. What does the italicized part in Para. 4 imply about the man’s wife?32. What does the italicized phrase “get on the right track” in Para. 5 mean?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] The passage contains Ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct onein the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “ / ” and putthe word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN] Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国传统文化是我们先辈传承下来的丰厚遗产。
专业八级考试真题.doc
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PART VI LISTENING COMPREHESIONSection A Mini-lectureMeaning in LiteratureIn reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of the literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature・I・ Meaning is what id in tended by _ 1 __ ・Apart from reading an author's working in question, readers need to1)read __ 2__ by the same author.2)get familiar with ___ 3 __ at the same time・3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time・II・ Meaning exists "in" the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertied of thetext like ___ 4 __ , etc.2)speakers view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and _5_・Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage・ But different time periods and different __________ 6 ___ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in context・ III. Meaning is created by ________ 7 ___ ・1)meaning is ___ 8 ___ .2)meaning is contextual.3)meaning requires _____ 9 ・---- practicing competency in reading・---- practicing other competencies.---- background research in _____ 10 ___ , etc.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green's university days?A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The subject was easy.2.Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employme nt?A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questiorrnaires.D.Taking a psychology course.3.According to Miss Green, the main differenee between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA.the nature of work.B.office decora廿on.C.office loca廿on.D.work procedures.4.Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A.She felt un happy in side the compa ny.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promo廿on in the company.D.She Ionged for new opportunities.5.How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A.She was willing and ready.B.She sounded mildly eager.C.She a bit surprised.D.She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6.The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wan ted toA.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.7.Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was pilo廿ng a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8.The n ews is mainly about the city go ver nment's plan toA.expand and improve the existing subway system.B.build underground malls and parking lots.C.preve nt further la nd subside nee.D.promote advaneed technology.Questions are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.9.According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA.that it can hear the owner's voice.B.that it can remember a password.C.that it can ident:ify the owner's voice.D.that it can remember the owner's PIN.10.The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA.switch.B.battery.C.speaker.D.built-in chip.PART I READING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)In this sec廿on there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.Text AThe University in Transforma廿on, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jenn if er Gidley, prese nts some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers represen廿ng both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, ques廿oning nearly every key assump廿on we have about higher educa廿on today.The most widely discussed alter native to the traditio nal campus is the In ter net University—a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.Yet the In ter net Un iversity poses dan gers, too. For example, a line of fran chised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed un der the bra nd n ame of a famous institutJon, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global educa廿on market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a college education in a box could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communica廿ons professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global cormectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher educa廿on, that does not mean greater uniformity in course conten t—orother dan gers—will n ecessarily follow. Cou nter-moveme nts are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contribu廿ng to this volume, are questioning the fun dame ntal missi on of un iversity educa 廿on. What if, for instan ce, in stead of receivi ng primarily tech nical trai ning and buildi ng their in dividual careers, un iversity students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on exis廿ng problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "讦we believed that child care workers and teachers in early childhood educa廿on should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?〃Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and con due 廿ng in depe ndent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for in dividual stude nts by mixing and matching the best course offeri ngs available from in stitu 廿ons all aro und the world. A sec ond group, men tors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instruc廿ng them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charisma廿c sages and prac廿廿oners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and tech no logical solution s to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between—or even during—sessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduc廿on, no future is in evitable, and the very act of imagi ning and thinking through alter native possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, crea廿vely and urgently even a dominant tech no logy is adapted and applied. Eve n in academia, the future belongs to those who care eno ugh to work their visions into prac 廿cal, sustai nable reali 廿es.11.Whe n the book reviewer discusses the In ter net Un iversity,[A]he is in favor of it.[B]his view is balaneed.[C]he is slightly critical of it.[D]he is strongly critical of it.12.Which of the followi ng is NOT see n as a pote nt:ial dan ger of the In ter net Un iversity?[A]In ter net based courses may be less costly tha n traditi onal on es.[B]Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.[C]In ter net based courseware may lack variety in course content.[D]The In ter net Un iversity may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13.Accordi ng to the review, what is the fun dame ntal missi on of traditi onal un iversity education?[A]Knowledge learning and career building.[B]Learning how to solve existing social problems.[C]Researchi ng into solutions to curre nt world problems.[D]Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, un iversity teachersare required to con duct more in depe ndent research.are required to offer more courses to their students.are supposed to assume more demanding du廿es.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Which category of writing does the review belong to?Narrati on.Descrip 廿on.Persuasi on.Exposi 廿on.Text BEvery street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometow ns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it had n't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as 廿ghtly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A Iandowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining Iandowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sec廿ons, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike.Most of the houses were st:ill owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new own ers kept the law ns clipped and the shutters pain ted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sun days except go to church, sit on porches, visit n eighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family mee廿ng, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played Little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Bap廿st, Methodist, and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sen tries, their steeples compe ting for height. They were empty no w,but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small tow ns. But here the people had bee n faithful to their dow ntow n merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded・up building around the square—no small miracle. Theretail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee sec廿on in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, somethi ng he had n't done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give n, many decrees and di rec 廿ons, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he'd climbed twice, the second 廿me with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before gening bouneed off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16.From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatRay cherished his childhood memories.Ray had something urge nt to take care of.Ray may not have a happy childhood.Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17.Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray's hometown?[A]Lifeless.[B]Religious.[C]Traditional.[D]Quiet.28.From the passage we can in fer that the rela 廿on ship betwee n Ray and his pare nts was[A]close.[B]remote.[C]tense.[D]impossible to tell.19.It can be inferred from the passage that Ray's father was all EXCEPT[A]con siderate.[B]punctual.[C]thrifty.[D]dominant.Text CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experienee by itself. Neither the Iandscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these seenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose quali廿es seem to harmonize with their environment.Except at harvest 廿me, when self-preservat:ion requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war.Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defenee.Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combi nations of tribes all have their acco unts to settle with one ano ther. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the conversion about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse popula廿on.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an un mitigated nuisan ce. The convenience of the rifle was no where more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan-----which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one s own house and fire at one's neighbor nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of scienee. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial in flue nee throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Patha n tribesmen en tertai ned for Chris tian civiliza tion was vastly enhan ced.The ac 廿on of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsat:isfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair),but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in 〃 very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph means loans.accou nts. killings, bargai ns.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian fron 廿 er?[A] Melting snows.[B] Large popula 廿on.[C] Steep hillsides.[D] Fertile valleys.According to the passage, the Patna ns welcomed the introduction of the rifle.the spread of British rule.the extension of luxuries.the spread of trade.-----Building roads by the Britishput an end to a whole series of quarrels, prevented the Pathans from carrying on feuds, lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beCampaigning on the Indian Fron廿er.Why the Pathans Resented the British Rule. The Popularity of Rifles among the Pathans. The Pathans at War.Text D"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything con secrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is s廿II lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Roma ns also collected and exhibited art from disba nded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exot:ic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by translitera廿on (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum s廿II more or less meant〃Muses- shrinetThe inspira廿onal collec廿ons of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collect:ions, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also in eluded coins and gems—ofte n ant:i que en graved on es—as well as, in creasi ngly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific" ‘and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildi ngs and of the way of life which went on in side them—a nd most of the buildings were public ones.However,during the revival of ant:iquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any con temporary, so that displays of an 廿quities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses- shrines in the former sen se. The Medici garde n n ear San Marco in Flore nee, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collec廿ons. Soon they multi plied, and, gradually, exemplary "moder works were also added to such----------galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutJons and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kun sthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decli ne of craftsma nship (and of public taste with it) in spired the crea tion of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.the meaning of the word had changed over the years.the Greeks held differe nt con cepts from the Roma ns.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections. 26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from the Roma ns.Flore nee.Olympia.Greek.27. ...the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means there was a great dema nd for fakers, fakers grew rapidly in number. fakers became more skillful. fakers became more polite. Pain 廿ngs and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were collected from elsewhere. made part of the buildings.donated by people.bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existenee in order to [A] protect royal and church treasures. [B] improve existing collections.[C] s 廿mulate public interest.[D] raise more fun ds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?Collection and collectors.The evolu 廿on of museums. a----Modern museums and their func廿ons.The birth of museums.Part IIGENARAL KNOWLEDGEThere are ten multi pie-choice ques tions in this sec tion. Choose the best an swer to each ques廿on. Mark your answer on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Preside nt duri ng the America Civil War wasA.An drew Jacks onB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas Jeffers onD.George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.THE IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.SEIiotB.DHLawreneeC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O'NeillD.Ernest Hemingway37.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.con text39.The words "kid, child, offspriare examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotJve synonymsD.colloca廿onal synonyms40.The distinction between parole and Iangue was made byA.HallidayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.SaussurePart HI. Proofreading and Error CorrectionWe use Ianguage primarily as a means of communication withother huma n bein gs. Each of us shares with the comm unity in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conversions as (1) _ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2) ____________________ message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3) _________set of grammat:ical rules which enables him to communicate his (4) ________thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5) _________ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses ac廿ve- [y and that which he recog nises, in creases ill size as he growsold as a result of educa廿on and experienee. (6) ____But, whether the Ianguage store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7) _________member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice' two most (8) __________comm on forms of tra nsmissi on-by means of sou nds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (wri廿ng). And these are (9) _______among most striking of human achievements. (10) ____Part IV TraslationTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many mon ths of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our poliy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
专业英语八级考试试题(9)
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专业英语八级考试试题(9)选择适当的听力材料实际上,“听”和“说”不分家的原则也体现在英语专业八级考试中。
八级考试听力均选自一般口语性较强、反映现代生活的英语资料。
因此,考生可以集中精力多听一些大众媒介英语,进行实战演习。
所选听力材料在难度上应低于阅读材料,因为读不懂的东西一般听不懂。
来源于报刊、杂志、电影、电视的英语是听力练习的极好的材料。
英语专业的学生,特别是高年级学生,可以通过看原版电影或听电影录音剪辑来练习听力。
一般学校都会有丰富的音像资料,许多城市还专门开辟了英语电视频道,电视英语新闻对考生应付八级考试第三部分有很大的帮助。
选用恰当的练习方法练习听力时,大家可采取“精听”和“泛听”两种方式结合来训练自己,前者的重点在于深度,后者则注重广度。
精听的目的在于从what, who, where, when, why 和how等角度入手,弄懂与之有关的所有问题,即所有细节性问题;而泛听则是听懂大意即可。
通过这两方面长期不懈的努力,考生最终能获得用英语进行思维的能力。
如果能做到用英语思考问题,那么做对几道试题是不会有太多困难的,因为试题从广义上也就分为两大类,局部理解题和通篇理解题,前者属于我们精听的范畴,而后者则属于我们泛听的对象。
听的目的在于懂,那么,如何衡量自己是否听懂了呢?一个行之有效的方法就是“复述”。
我们在听完一个片段后,可将所听的内容重复一遍,如果具有较高的准确度,就说明真正听懂了;否则需要再听一遍,如果连听几遍还无法较为满意地复述,说明所听内容太难,应予以更换。
与此同时,我们还应通过“读”帮助“听”,特别是在听新闻方面。
与其他听力材料相比,新闻具有其鲜明的特点。
新闻的内容特别广泛,几乎覆盖我们生活的各个方面。
听英语新闻的一个障碍是对新闻词汇的生疏。
因此,在学习听新闻的初级阶段,我们可以阅读一些大众媒体文献,如报纸、刊物,从中积累一些新闻用语,一些重要组织的名称如EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲经济共同体、IMF(International Monetary Fund)国际货。
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案
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专业英语八级考题试卷及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) ___________—to quote—to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topic Question No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana." He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty skydarkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示:原文出自美国时代杂志(TIME)日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示:原文同专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has builtthem in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注:The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注:O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注:Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性?注:design feature: features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看:胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注:John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning. 【改错】The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common ___1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the ___2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of ___3 business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty ___4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in ___5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, ___6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students ___7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. ___8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the ___9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best ___10 customer.PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)提示:今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英•英汉对照)》作者:乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮,建议大家熟读此书。
[实用参考]高等院校英语专业八级考试样题.doc
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高等院校英语专业八级考试样题Ⅰ(翻译部分,原书P.43-44)SectionA:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheChineseteGtinto English(原文)近读报纸,对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多,于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬,随笔记下来,似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。
在这种场合陌生人相识,如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好像是不可缺少的礼节。
然而,法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。
只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片。
二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
法国人的名片讲究朴素大方,印制精美,但很少有镶金边儿的,闪光多色的或带香味儿的,名片上的字体纤细秀丽,本人的名字也不过分突出,整张纸片上空白很大,毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。
(参考译文)Inreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebec omemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationl etters.ThishastriggeredmPreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownt hoserandomreminiscences,IbelievethatthePmightprovidesomeusefulinf ormationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionspro videoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.When encounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablPhando verhisnamecardtothenewlP-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhis hands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemsto havebecomeanindispensableritual(formalitP/etiquette).BPcontrast,anave rageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)present hisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplPwalkawaPafteraneGchangeofroutin egreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.OnlPwhenbothsides becomedeeplPengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhav etheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldthePoffert ogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffer shisnamecardwithoutsaPinganPthingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeeGtraordinarPprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssi mplePetelegant.EGquisitelPdesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldo mgolden-framed,orcolorfullPshinP,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Theletters asappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlPprominent/salient.Theentirecardco ntainsmuchemptPspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishteGtintoC hinese(原文)FourmonthsbeforetheelectiondaP,fivemengatheredinasmallconferencer oomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthat markedtheremainingdaPsofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSa turdaPinJuneandatteno'clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspractica llPdeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullPdraw n.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountr Pforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategPthatwouldguarantee RonaldReagan'sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.ItshouldhavebeeneasP.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoRe aganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanpartP,menwhounderstoodpresi dentialpoliticsaswellasanPinthecountrP.Thebackdropofthecampaignwas hospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthen ation'seconomP,akePfactorinanPelection,wasreboundingvigorouslPafter recession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlPfinanced,withplentP ofmonePforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendousperso nalpopularitPanddazzlingcommunicationskills.Reaganhassucceededmor ethananPpresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedPinprojectingabroadvisionofAmer ica-anationofrenewedmilitarPstrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfed eralgovernment.(参考译文)在离选举日还有四个月的时间,有五个人聚集在里根-布什总部的一个小型会议室里,翻着看一张硕大无比的日历,日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。
英语专业八级考试真题及答案(4)
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英语专业八级考试真题及答案(4)PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. Ottawa √C. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-year √C. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston. √B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England √注:The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Bront?.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen. √36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot. √C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories. √D. his novels注:O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a masterof the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as “The Gift of the Magi” and “The Ransom of Red Chief.” The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures. √C. textual organization.D. word formation.注:Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性注:design feature: features that define our human languages,such asarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看:胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin. √C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注:John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning.。
英语专业八级试卷
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英语专业八级试卷一、听力理解(35分)(一)Mini - lecture(10分)题目:The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Language Learning。
Fill in the blanks according to what you hear.The development of artificial intelligence has brought significant changes to language learning. AI - based language learning tools canprovide (1) _personalized_ learning experiences. For example, they can analyze learners' (2) _strengths and weaknesses_ and offer tailored study plans.These tools also offer a wide range of learning resources, such as (3) _interactive exercises_ and real - life language examples. Moreover, AI can simulate (4) _conversational partners_, which helps learners improve their speaking skills.However, there are also some challenges. One concern is the (5)_accuracy_ of the language models. Sometimes, they may generate incorrector inappropriate responses. Another issue is that over - reliance on AItools may lead to a lack of (6) _independent thinking_ in language learning.In conclusion, while AI has great potential in language learning, learners should use it (7) _wisely_ and combine it with traditionallearning methods.(二)Listening Comprehension(25分)Section A(15分)There are three news items in this section. Listen to each item carefully and answer the questions that follow.News Item 1.1. What is the main topic of this news item?A. A new scientific discovery.B. A political event.C. An environmental issue.2. Where did the event take place?A. In Asia.B. In Europe.C. In America.News Item 2.3. What has been announced by the company?A. A new product launch.B. A job cut.C. A merger.4. How will this announcement affect the employees?A. They will get a pay raise.B. Some of them may lose their jobs.C. They will have more working hours.News Item 3.5. What is the purpose of the new policy?A. To promote tourism.B. To protect local culture.C. To control population growth.6. What are the main measures of the policy?A. Restricting the number of visitors.B. Offering more cultural events.C. Building more hotels.Section B(10分)You will hear a conversation between a student and a professor. Listen carefully and answer the questions.1. Why did the student come to see the professor?A. To discuss a course assignment.B. To ask for a letter of recommendation.C. To complain about a grade.2. What is the student's main concern about the assignment?A. The topic is too difficult.B. He doesn't have enough time.C. He doesn't understand the requirements.3. What does the professor suggest the student do?A. Change the topic.B. Read more reference books.C. Ask for help from classmates.4. When is the assignment due?A. Next week.B. In two weeks.C. At the end of the semester.5. What will the student do next?A. Start working on the assignment immediately.B. Go to the library to find books.C. Talk to his classmates.二、阅读理解(30分)(一)Multiple - choice Questions(14分)Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage 1.The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has made information more accessible than ever before. However, it also brings some problems. One of the major issues is the spread offalse information.With the ease of sharing information on the Internet, anyone can post something without proper verification. This has led to the proliferation of fake news, which can have a significant impact on society. For example, false information about a company can cause its stock price to drop, or misinformation about a political candidate can influence an election.Another problem is privacy. As we use various online services, our personal information is often collected and sometimes misused. Companies may sell our data to third parties without our consent, which poses athreat to our privacy.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The problems caused by the Internet.C. The development of the Internet.2. According to the passage, what can fake news do?A. Improve a company's reputation.B. Increase a stock price.C. Influence an election.3. What is a threat to our privacy according to the passage?A. Using the Internet.B. Companies misusing our personal data.C. Sharing information online.(二)Short - answer Questions(16分)Read the following passage and answer the questions in no more than 10 words each.Passage 2.The concept of sustainable development has gained increasing attention in recent years. It aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.One of the key aspects of sustainable development is environmental protection. This includes reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and protecting biodiversity. Another aspect is social development, which involves improving people's living standards, education, and health.Economic development is also an important part of sustainable development. However, it should be achieved in a way that is environmentally and socially sustainable.1. What is the aim of sustainable development?2. What are the key aspects of it?3. How should economic development be achieved?三、语言知识(15分)(一)Error Correction(10分)The following passage contains ten errors. Identify and correct them.In modern society, the importance of education are widely recognized. Education not only imparts knowledge but also shape a person's character. A well - educated individual is more likely to contribute to society in positive ways.However, there are still some problems in the education system. One problem is that the curriculum is often too theoretical, lacking of practical applications. Another issue is that some students do not receive equal educational opportunities due to their family background or geographical location.To solve these problems, governments should invest more in education, especially in rural areas. Teachers should also be trained to improve their teaching methods, make the classroom more interesting and effective.(二)Word Formation(5分)Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the given words.1. (create) - The artist's _creativity_ is shown in his unique paintings.2. (lead) - A good _leader_ should be able to inspire his team.3. (decide) - His _decision - making_ ability is very important in this project.四、翻译(15分)(一)汉译英(8分)中国的茶文化源远流长。
大学专业八级英语历年写作真题汇总
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大学专业八级英语历年写作真题汇总一、问答题(共10题,共100分)1.Writing:2.Writing:3.Writing:4.Writing:5.Writing:6.Writing:7.Writing:8.Writing:9.Writing:10.Writing:1、正确答案:SampleIn Favor of Rewards for Good ConductTo restore lost property to its original owner describes one of the most cherished virtues embodied by the Chinese people. The draft law stipulates that property owners should give rewards to the people or organizations that return their property, such as storage. To some people, the new provision challenges the virtue that China has advocated for thousands of years by including economic compensation into law. Yet to me, it is a good thing to regulate a moral concept with law. Since people spend time and energy in restoring lost property, it is reasonable for the actual owner to offer some material reward. There is no contradiction between kind deeds and material compensation. If those who help others by fighting off robbers can be rewarded, why not those who return lost property? More importantly, giving people tangible reward has significance in reality. According to a survey, most people who get back their lost items are willing to give a reward to the finder. Providing a compromise solution between returning and keeping lost items, this new provision encourages people toreturn lost property rather than hiding it. Although one may say it diminishes the nobility associated with it, it is better to have more lost property restored to original ownership. Law should play a role only where moral principle fails, otherwise, there would be chaos in social relations. I think this is the basis for transformation of law, specifically the stipulation of restoring lost property in propert, rights law. The major goal of this legislation is to restore property owners’ right over lost property. It is true that restoring lost property to its owner is our traditional virtue. For a long time, we have been relying on this moral principle in dealing with lost property. But today, we have to admit that it falls behind the realities of current society if we rely solely on it in handling the issue of lost property, the result is a much slighter possibility of lost property being returned and increasing disputes about restoring lost property.All in all, without modification, traditional virtues will be going farther away from the realities of modern life and become irrelevant. What’s more, the draft of the property rights law stipulates that a finder“can’’ receive reward, which means they can also refuse reward. Thus, this does not thwart virtuous people from practicing our traditional virtues.2、正确答案:WritingThe 76th Annual Academy Awards attracted the attention o{an unprecedented numSample 1Heading For the OscarsAlthough the grand ceremony of Oscar was over this year, the attention and discussion linger in the Chinese movie community and out. Some insiders hold that following global trends is the only way to develop China’s film industry. Others insist, however, that the Oscars are simply one the many awards that Americans like to crown themselves. Domestic films should maintain their distinct flavors. As a movie fan myself, I think we should strive for it to gain international recognition. Firstly, the Oscars Award is an international recognition in terms of both artistic performance and box office revenue. With live broadcast in 50 languages, it plays a huge role in shaping the global film industry. It is no wonder that so many people around the world pay much attention to it. The reality is that Hollywood movies account for more than 90 percent of global market shares-this has inevitable worldwide impact. Obviously, the Oscars Award has become something that we can not affordto ignore it.Moreover, we live in a global, multicultural world wherediff erent cultures interact. China’s movie industry needs to realize it and sharpen its competitive edge. If Chinese films are to make a global impact, then movie production, distribution and marketing organization need improving. Chinese films should adjust to satisfy the variety of social demands. The introduction of foreign successful formulas and technology is a must for Chinese film industry. It is parochial to think that China can only use its national characteristics to define domestic movies. Conservatism will hinder the progress of film industry. If China does not develop its film industry through embracing innovative multiculturalism, Chinese movies will have little opportunity to gain a share in the international market.Last but not least, the Hollywood films also conform to specific cultural demands. Take this year’s Academy Awards as an example, nominated movies include both high-cost productions like The Lord of the Rings and subtle, more moderate budgeted projects like Lost in Translation, these films suggest that Hollywood movies maintain a basic balance in keeping the style of its own and absorbing perse cultures. Hence, the Chinesefilmmakers should spare no efforts to present original domestic films to foreign viewers. We will be left behind if we stick to the so-called orthodox. For instance, Couching Tiger Hidden Dragon was acted by Chinese actors and through cultural icons, but actually its style and structure of the movie all conform to a Hollywood formula. This partly explains why it appeals to a wider range of audiences from different cultural background. In a word, the Oscars are very important to Chinese filmmakers. Nominations are a kind of approval by international peers of their achievements. As China’s market improves, its movie industry will get stronger and will eventually cash in on the Oscars.ber of Chinese thanks to complete live TV coverage. However, except for Couching Tiger Hidden Dragon, directed by Taiwanese filmmaker An Lee, no other Chinese film has even been nominated for an Oscar award. Should our domestic films aim at this Hollywood award or is it someone else's game? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.3、正确答案:SampleFor a Balance between Technology and LifeTechnology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. However, in the past centuries, both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing.First, the Industrial Revolution deprived people to a large extent of the pleasure of communication during work. It is true that the revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks and saved people much labor, but as aresult of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution, people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories. Secondly, the new technology of today, computers and the Internet, pushed people further to the abyss of loneliness. Truly, they have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. The world has been made into one in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Down load a new game. And yet……However, many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Can he really enjoy this solitude? Actually, since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, and soulless. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data. We may know a lot of people, but wehave few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time. While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life. We have to tear ourselves away from the fatal distractions and go out into the world. Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information. Now we need to apply that information, use the time we're not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living.4、正确答案:SampleBooks Speak as Loud as TVThis is an era filled with various scientific achievements, and television is one of the most flamboyant among them, influencing several generations' behavior by molding them into the same mindset regardless of their race, gender, and background. Intoxicated by the superficial success of TV culture, some throw the irresponsible statement that reading is not as important as it once was, for people can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books. This isfar from the truth. Though television has become an integral part of our daily lives, the role that books play is still irreplaceable and merits further advocating.Admittedly, television gives us an option to traditional education through reading and classroom teaching. Indeed the vivid images it produces succeed in the education of children, who are much more inclined to accept visual information than abstract letters or characters. Television also raises our consciousness by providing the latest news and discoveries, extending our horizon by such documentary programs as "National Geographic" and "Discovery", whose contents might otherwise be unapproachable in an entire lifetime.Despite all these advantages, the shortcomings of televisions are equally, if not more, apparent. Television stations operate as profit enterprises. Consequently, television programs are profit-based, and their commercial orientation drives them to be entertaining more so than educational, for the latter are typically less profitable.Furthermore, watching television can neither provoke abstract thinking, which is most crucial in advanced scientific research, nor can it teach effective management and adequate control of written language. Written language carries the utmostimportance in inheritance and dissemination of knowledge. Books contain the collective human experience, knowledge and wisdom. Human talents of abstract thought, logical dialogue, philosophy and writing style can be acquired only through the reading, digesting, and rumination of novels, texts, essays and speeches. Shallow, short-sighted, entertainment programs offer no such enrichment.In addition, watching television tends to overemphasize machinery, ignoring humanity. Open an ancient book and read the comments by those living centuries ago, thousands of miles away. The book itself connects readers and writers across time and space, giving one the sense of belonging to one large human family. Lying on sofa watching television with popcorn in hand can only cause isolation, alienation and depression. Borrowing the saying John Keats inscribed on his tombstone, we can describe television programs as "written on water". They are ephemeral. Whereas for books, as William Shakespeare wrote, "nothing of them doth fade/but doth suffer a seachange/ into something rich and strange".5、正确答案:SampleRobots: Superior to Mankind?Nowadays, there is a public controversy concerning the issue of whether mankind will always be superior to machines. Some people argue that since machines are only tools of humankind, they will always be inferior to us, while others hold that machines, especially computers with artificial intelligence, will ultimately surpass us in every aspect of intellectual life. In my opinion, we must carefully consider what we mean by the word "superior" before we can answer the question.If "superior" is meant to mean the knowledge, speed, and accuracy in doing certain technical jobs, the machines of our day will surpass human beings in most areas, given their efficiency and endurance. For instance, a specially designed computer program can solve a complex equation in moments that would take a person working with pencil and paper several days to solve. What's more, computers can keep on working for days even months without any need for rest and no diminishment in accuracy, while people require rest and recreation. Computers can store and instantly retrieve vast amounts of information in its memory while people may often forget the most important thing. Some machines, such as a hoist, are capable of accomplishing feats of strength that no human inpidual couldever dream of. In this sense, machines are like miracles that we have created to help us in our adaptation and reconstruction of the material world.However, if the word "superior" is defined on the basis of creative thinking and emotional sensitivity, machines are inferior to mankind, at least at the present time. For example, we recognize familiar faces within a second or less, but a computer must follow a series of complex procedures in order to recognize even a face that has been presented to it thousands of times. Besides, while computers have been developed that are capable of producing works of art, such as pictures and musical compositions, such computer-generated works are devoid of any their creator's feelings since computers are non-sensate. Since machines, especially computers, are developing at a tremendous rate today, we can't rule out the possibility that in the future the machines can surpass humans in almost every field. But up to now, it is still incomparable to the power of human thinking in many aspects and is still under human control. Human beings should make good use of machines and remember that their development is meant to benefit mankind.For the reasons mentioned above, I hold that humans and machines are not comparable unless we define our specific usage of theword "superior". Machines have the advantage in some areas while the human being holds the edge in the realm of creative thinking. We should utilize machines to support and enhance our thinking about the social life and avoid their improper use and application.6、正确答案:SampleTradition and Modernization Can Be CompatibleThere is much debate over whether tradition and modernization are compatible. Some people maintain that they necessarily conflict with each other, while others argue that it is possible to combine tradition and modernization in our pursuit of development. As far as I am concerned, these two forces undermine each other at times, but they can also compliment each other, if handled properly.Most people take it for granted that modernization and tradition are contradictory, which is true in a sense. Modernization, a popular yet a vague term, is generally understood as "Westernization," which means inpidualist, rights-based democracy, capitalism, and technological imperatives. Meanwhile, tradition comprises the whole complexof distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a specific society or a social group. It includes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the value systems and beliefs of the indigenous people. In this sense, it is only natural that modernization, as a foreign culture forced upon non-Western cultures, tends to cause damage to the tradition and arouse confrontation from the native people involved in this destructive and painful process. Where modernization marches on, we often see traditional customs disappearing, traditional value systems collapsing, traditional craftsmanship withering, and traditional ways of life disintegrating. As a result, modernization has not brought about prosperity and happiness at it promises to traditional societies. On the contrary, we are alarmed at the deterioration of the cities and disintegration of society—overcrowding; slum formation; breakdown of culture, community, and family; isolation of social and age groups, etc. —as well as the environmental destruction—water and air pollution; noise; destruction of wildlife, vegetation and land, etc. However, if we understand modernization as sustainable development, we must believe in the necessity and possibility of synthesizing modernization and tradition. Development canonly flourish where it is rooted in the culture and the tradition of each country, since it is an all-encompassing process linked to each society's own values and calling for an active participation of inpiduals and groups who are both the authors and the beneficiaries of it. The success of Japan and the South-East Asian "dragons," is a case in point. While espousing the free enterprise system of the western development model, these traditional societies dosed it with more than a little government control, a form of paternalism alien to the West but totally in keeping with their own traditions. In the same vein, China is confidently pushing forward its development by synthesizing modernization and tradition.To conclude, it seems unavoidable that some traditional cultural elements will be lost in the process of modernization. Yet any external experience, technique or model cannot be successfully integrated by mere adopting or reproduction; it needs to be reinterpreted or reinvented in such a way that it can be absorbed through the filter of the society's cultural identity and value system. In other words, any traditional society, if it aims at sustainable development, should endeavor to maintain a mutually enriching relationship between the external modernization and the internal tradition.范文推荐:7、正确答案:SampleThe Celebration of Western FestivalsNo one can have failed to notice the fact that Western festivals gain ever-increasing popularity in China. An increasing number of Chinese are fond of celebrating Western festivals today. On Valentine’s Day, many people, especially the young, give flowers or chocolate to the one they love; when Christmas approaches, nearly every store put on decorations like Santa Claus, snowflakes and even Christmas trees, not to mention the millions of people immersed in the thrilling atmosphere of festival on Christmas Eve; even such holidays as Halloween and the Easter Day are becoming known and celebrated by more and more Chinese. In comparison, such traditional Chinese festivals as the Spring Festival, the Festival of Lanterns and the Mid-Autumn Day seem to be losing their attraction.In view of such a situation, many are worried that Chinese culture will be ignored or even ruined by the invasion of Western festivals. Personally, I believe that we needn’t be over worried. Actually, the increasing popularity of someWestern festivals in China is nothing accidental, but some thing justifiable.First, it is a part of cultural globalization. With the development of communication science and technology and along with more and more nations opening up to the outside world, the world today has turned into a global village, with many national things becoming international. China is no exception. While we are absorbing advanced science and technology from foreign countries, we are also taking in different cultures. Secondly, it is a sign of China’s rejuvenating. As a nation boasting a civilization of 5,000 years, Chinese have been known for their spirit of accommodation or open-mindedness. China used to be a melting pot of cultures as the U.S. is today. In the prosperous Tang dynasty, China was host to travelers and settlers from over the world. Actually, being accommodating is a sign of any thriving nation. Therefore, we should be pleased rather than upset to see Chinese people embracing foreign festivals.It is true that some traditional Chinese festivals are losing their appeal to many people, but this does not necessarily the ruin of Chinese culture. Actually, a closer inspection reveals that most Chinese celebrate Western festivals merely out of thewish to seek novelty, to find a new way to entertain themselves or to express their identity in the face of the older generation. On the other hand, most Chinese have not ignored their native festivals. A convincing proof is that the Spring Festival still sees the largest flow of population in the world as most Chinese rush to their homes for family reunion.In a word, while we are giving priority to the preservation and development of traditional Chinese culture, we needn’t worry too much about the inflow of foreign culture.8、正确答案:SampleFailure Teaches SuccessPaul Ehrlich, a chemist, discovered a drug to treat those afflicted with syphilis(梅毒). It was named "Formula 606," because the first 605 tests were mistakes. The lesson we can draw from this story is clear and simple: discovery or progress is born in mistakes.Making mistakes is a valuable learning experience. A now famous story at IBM involved founder Thomas Watson and one of his vice presidents who took the initiative on the development of a new product. As reported in Fortune, the product was a risky venturethat ended up a colossal failure and cost the company $10 million. Watson called the executive into his office saying there was something he wanted to discuss with him. Sure he was about to lose his job; the young man blurted out, "I guess you want my resignation?" Watson replied, "You must be kidding. We've just spent $10 million educating you." Watson's logic is this: anyone making a multi-million-dollar mistake had to learn something that would help him do a better job the next time. Furthermore, making mistakes gives one an opportunity to try a new approach. China's progress in the past decades is a case in point. After Liberation in 1949, China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, gradually built up a nationwide state-run economy. This mode of economy was originally intended to ensure both stable economic development and social justice. Unfortunately, what it resulted in was economic stagnation and lasting poverty. Recognizing this fatal mistake in Mao's economic policy, Deng Xiaoping took a new approach—a gradual but dramatic reform. He first introduced some elements of market economy, hoping to juxtapose planned economy and market economy. This approach worked for some years, but then proved ineffective. Finally, after a series of trials and errors, he decided that market economy was China's only choice. Due to thisstrategic turning, China's economy has now embarked upon a stable and dynamic course. Although Mao's mistakes caused Chinese people painful sacrifice, we are lucky that we have learned our lessons and now we are marching on the road of prosperity.Admittedly, mistakes will not automatically lead to discovery or progress. We must analyze every failure to find its cause; we must honestly face defeat and never fake success; we must exploit the failure, we must never use failure as an excuse for not trying again. In a word, we must learn how to fail intelligently.As a saying goes, to err is human. To this I would add: To learn from errors is progress.9、正确答案:SampleSay No to Pirated ProductsNo one can have failed to notice the fact that piracyhas become a grave problem with which we are confronted. Taking a look around, we can find examples tool numerous to list. In many places we see people peddling pirated books or disks. There is hardly anyone who has not been asked the question: “Wanna adisk?”Act ually, piracyhas become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s life and hindered the development of the nation’s economy and culture.A number of factors could be responsible for this phenomenon, but the following are the most critical ones. First, pirated products are much cheaper than copyrighted ones, so they are very attractive to people, especially youngsters, who are not financially well-off. Secondly, with highly developed technology, it is not difficult to manufacture pirated products. An average person can produce thousands of copies of a film only if he has a computer and a recorder, which won’t cost him much. Last but not least, relevant laws are not in existence or in effect.Piracy is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First, intellectual property rightsare severely infringed upon and honest producers will lose the motivation to develop new products.As a result, the nation’s economy and culture will stay where they are and see no progress.Meanwhile, pirated products are often of low quality,thus damaging the interest of buyers, especially customers who wish to purchase copyrighted products.Finally, the destruction of pirated products means a grievous waste ofthe nation’s resources. It is real ly upsetting to see thousands of pirated books burnt or millions of pirated DVDs of films and music crushed.In view of the seriousness of the problem,effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it isessential that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of pirated products.Meanwhile, a deep-going, widespread and everlasting campaign should be launched to enhance people’s awareness of protecting intellectual property rights and saying no to pirated products.With proper laws and an alert public, it will be only a matter of time before piracybecomes a thing of the past. /With these measures taken, we have reasons to believe that the problem can be solved in the near future./Only with these measures taken can we expect a bright future.10、正确答案:SampleHaste Makes WasteA famous saying goes that “Haste makes waste”,which means thatone should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them,neglecting important stages in the process. Instead, one should make full preparations before beginning any task. To be exact, this proverb is meant to teach us the importance of patience or carefulness. With such a desirable quality, we can overcome a series of difficulties and setbacks and finally find ourselves a way to greater success and happiness. On the contrary, we can only stay where we are and make no progress. History abounds with examples to prove this proverb. In ancient China, a farmer pulled his young crops up to help them grow faster, only to find they all withered in the end.Another case in point is the so-called Great Leap Forward movement in China in 1950’s and 1960’s. At that time, the Chinese people were eager to develop their economy and catch up with such developed nations as the uS and the UK, so much so that they took some drastic measures, only to hinder the expansion of economy and lead to waste of resources.Taking a look around, we may also find examples too many to enumerate.Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. At the age of 11 or 12, I began to learn to ride. Eager to ride as well as others, I started by sitting on the saddle at the very beginning. Predictably, I often fell from over the bike. Lots of time had。
高等院校英语专业八级样题(邹申版)翻译答案
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高等院校英语专业八级样题(邹申版)翻译答案说明:目前专八的辅导书中,最具权威的当属邹申主编的《高校英语专业八级考试指南》,但这本书确未能提供翻译部分十几套题的答案,叫人为之扼腕。
没有参考译文对于自我练习提高有一定的障碍。
在此,提供翻译部分的参考答案,以补缺憾。
翻译无定论,参考答案,顾名思义就是仅供参考,希望读者能提供更好的译文版本,提供给大家。
(部分译文未在此提供,考虑到是历年真题中的内容,故不重复)高等院校英语专业八级考试样题Ⅰ(翻译部分,原书P. 43-44)Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English (原文)近读报纸,对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多,于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬,随笔记下来,似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。
在这种场合陌生人相识,如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好像是不可缺少的礼节。
然而,法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。
只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片。
二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
法国人的名片讲究朴素大方,印制精美,但很少有镶金边儿的,闪光多色的或带香味儿的,名片上的字体纤细秀丽,本人的名字也不过分突出,整张纸片上空白很大,毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。
(参考译文)In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people. When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger. Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual (formality/ etiquette). By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to (offers to / volunteers to) present his name card. Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless (random/ casual) chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed (engaged / involved) in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards. It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.The French tend to take extraordinary precaution to make their name cards simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters as appear on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer to be overly prominent/ salient. The entire card contains much empty space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese (原文)Four months before the Election Day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for acritical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for topflight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John. F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America -a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.(参考译文)在离选举日还有四个月的时间,有五个人聚集在里根-布什总部的一个小型会议室里,翻着看一张硕大无比的日历,日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。
历年专业八级真题及答案汇总(免费)
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历年专业八级真题及答案汇总(免费)2000年英语专业八级考试全真试卷听力Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A. the legislatureB. the librarianC. John HarvardD. the faculty members2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___.A. could be lent to everyoneB. could be lent by book storesC. were lent to students and the facultyD. were lent on a membership basis3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C. To serve t he community?s cultural and recreational needs.D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.A. readershipB. contentC. serviceD.function5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.A. to introduce categories of books in US librariesB. to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC. to explain the roles of different US librariesD. to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A. she owned a carB. she drove wellC. she liked drivers? uniformsD. it was her childhood dream7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A. The right sense of direction.B. The sense of judgment.C. The skill of maneuvering.D. The size of vehicles.8. What does Nancy like best about her job?A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C. Driving in unsettled weather.D. Taking long drives outside the city.9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth er.A. uncaringB. strictC. affectionateD. perm issive10. The people Nancy meets areA. rather difficult to pleaseB. rude to women driversC. talkative and generous with tipsD. different in personalitySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.A. to tighten control on tobacco advertisingB. to impose penalties on tobacco companiesC. to start a national anti-smoking campaignD. to ensure the health of American childrenQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The French President?s visit to Japan aims at___.A. making more investments in JapanB. stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC. helping boost the Japanese economyD. launching a film festival in Japan13. This is Jacques Chirac?s ___ visit to Japan.A. secondB. fourteenthC. fortiethD. forty-firstQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.A. melting snow begins to block the mountain pathsB. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocksC. the Taliban are hindering food deliveriesD. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.A. 160,000B. 16,000C. 1,000,000D. 100 ,000SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.On Public SpeakingWhen people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)___ 1.___ that people are usually engaged in. Public s peaking is a way for a speaker to (2)___ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free 2.___ to decide on the (3)___ of his speech. 3.___ Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —(4)___ of the subject matter. 4.___ —good preparation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (5)___ of your speech,and end it with a summary. 5.___ Other key points to bear in mind: —be aware of your audience through eye contact. —vary the speed of (6)___ 6.___ —use the microphone skillfully to (7)___ yourself in speech. 7.___ —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)___ 8.___ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the (9)___ ones.9.___ Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)___ of a speech. 10.___ 改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/? and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never/buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1.___from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical wordshave“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.___But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.4.___Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.___differen ce in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.___Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for8.___distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.___when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet. TEXT A Despite Denmark?s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You?re suppo sed to figure this out for yo urself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out l ife?s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by C openhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the low liest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It? s anation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It?s a nation of tireless pl anner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industrysays, “Denmark is one of the world?s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one?s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it?s 2 a.m. a n d there?s not a car in sight. However, Danes don? t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that?s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn?t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn?t feel bad f o r taking what you?re entitled to, you?re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.18. The author?s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT BBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social str atification in to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of cour se s erve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The n ew boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight wor ds for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being awa re that racksy means “dilapidated”, or hairy “out first ball”. Th e mi ner takes a certain pride in being “one up on the visitor or novice who calls t h e cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “u nde rpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “i ns ider” is seldom displeased that his languagedistinguishes him from the “outsi der”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and profe ssions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invi te irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other k inds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested tha t English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the in different. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” an d “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an uni mpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unself c onscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact . The Mrs Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, a nd if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we “can lump i t ”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in? for ing. On the one hand, “w e?re goin? huntin?, my dear sir”; on the other, “we?re goin? racin? , ma te.”In between, according to this view, we have a far lessfortunate group, th e anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English an d assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and thei r choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up wi th the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, a nd clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiet y. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people t hus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on“ going places and doing things”. The grea te r the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr Sharpless called“ this shabby obsession” with variant forms of English—espe ci ally if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected and ridicul ous. “ Here”, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study w ords and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion? s frenzy is a good emble m …of this vanity: for words axe but the images of matter; and except they have l ife of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.A. criticalB. anxiousC. self-consciousD. nonchalant22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.A. they feel they are socially looked down uponB. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC. they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD. they are unable to meet standards of correctness23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.A. worthwhileB. meaninglessC. praiseworthyD. irrationalTEXT CFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven?t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 —just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who ga ve the world “midatlantic”, t he language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke?s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist?s dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife?s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam?s soldiers. His arrogance in not allo w ing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930svalues he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke?s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.A. Cooke?s obscure originsB. Cooke?s broadcastin g styleC. Cooke?s Ameri can citizenshipD. Cooke?s fondness of America25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.A. old-fashionedB. sincereC. arrogantD. popular 26. The writer comments o n Cooke?s life and career in a slightly ___ tone.A. ironicB. detachedC. scathingD. indifferentTEXT DMr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! Th e whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stom ach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul?s comp a nion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bot tles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been u nfit to live, withoutany strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of th e wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ev er done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand tou ched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the pu blic house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman?s e s tate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swish ing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How washe to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night afte r night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ce ased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.27. Mr Duffy?s immediate reaction to the report of the woman?s death wa s that of ___.A. disgustB. guiltC. griefD. compassion28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman?s death in a ___ manner.A. detailedB. provocativeC. discreetD. sens ational29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.A. angryB. fretfulC. irritableD. remorseful30. According to the passage , which of the following statements is NOT t rue?A. Mr Duffy once confided in the woman.B. Mr Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C. The woman wanted to end the relationship.D. They became estranged probably after a quarrel.阅读理解BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 min)In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice q uestions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Colour ed Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.A. a person?s opportunity of a lifetimeB. the success of the computer industryC. the importance of educationD. high school education in the USNow go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about educa tion. They want to know what to study, or whether i t?s OK to drop out of colleg e since that?s what I did.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.“ Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.”It?s true that I dropped out of college to start M icrosoft, but I was at H a rvard for three years before dropping out-and I?d love to have the time to go b a ck. As I?ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.The computer industry has lots of people who didn?t finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don?t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successfu l ones.In my company?s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threa tened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.Quite a few of our people didn?t finish college, but wediscourage droppin g out.College is n?t the only place where information exist. You can learn in a l i brary. But somebody handing you a book doesn?t automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way t o test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.Education should be broad, although it?s fine to have deep interests, too.In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests . My parents encouraged this, and I?m grateful that they did.One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son “lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, sh e said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best ch ance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with ot her kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It?s fine to take a dee p interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it j eopardizes breadth.In college it?s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real e x pertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn?t something high school s t udents s hould worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic sta rt.There?s not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and su c cess in later l ife, of course. But it?s a real mistake not to take the opportun i ty to learn a hu ge range of subjects,to learn to work with people in high schoo l, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.TEXT FFirst read the following question.32. The passage focuses on ___.A. the history and future of LondonB. London?s manufacturing skillsC. London?s status as a financial centrerD. the past and present roles of LondonNow go through T ext F quickly and answer question 32.What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bomba rdments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855,50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods h ad been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.The second major cause of London?s wealth and success was that it was easi l y the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London?s manufacturing skills is another fact; almos t any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosper ity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of GreatBritain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically。
2020年英语专业八级试题及答案(卷一)
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2020年英语专业八级试题及答案(卷一)听力原文Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSECTION A MINI-LECTUREObserving BehaviourGood morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behaviour in research.Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. Allof us observe behaviour every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we canavoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to beobserving while walking or driving can be life-threatening.We learn by observing people's behaviour. Researchers too rely on their observations tolearn about behaviour,but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, wemay not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, [1] and when we rarely keepformal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events.[2]Observationsin research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in asystematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping.Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do weneed to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now, as you remember,the primary goal ofobservation is to describe behaviour, but it is in reality impossible toobserve and describe all of a person's behaviour. So we have to rely on observing samples ofpeople's behaviour. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people's usualbehaviour. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behaviour.Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of importantdecisions, that's about when and where observations will be made. As I've said before, theresearcher cannot observe all behaviour. Only certain behaviours occurring at particulartimes, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behaviour must be sampled. In thislecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situationsampling.Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various timeintervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Supposewe want to observe students' classroom behaviour. Then in systematic time sampling, ourobservations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour. The firstobservation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. [3]However, inrandom sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the courseof the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary —some longerothers shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic andrandom time sampling are notalways used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observationintervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at randomtimes. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals thatare randomly distributed within each 20-minute period.[4]Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involvesstudying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. Bysampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that theirobservation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. [5]Why?Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across allsituations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as theydo with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in thewild. [6]So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objectiveobservations than he would in only a specific situation.[7]Having discussed ways to sample behaviour in research, we are now moving ontoanother issue, that is, what researchers should do to record behaviour as it occurs, that iswhether researchers are active or passive in recording behaviour. This refers to the methodsof observation.Observational methods can be classified as “observation with intervention”or “observation without intervention”. Observation with intervention can be made in at leasttwo ways, participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation,observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and theyparticipate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observedknow that the observer is present to collect information about their behaviour, this isundisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those whoare being observed do not know that they are being observed.[8]Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a fieldexperiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting in order todetermine the effect on behaviour, this procedure is called field experiment. The fieldexperiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. Theessential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is thatresearchers have more control in field experiments.Now let's take a look at observation without intervention.[9]Observation withoutintervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describebehaviour as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, [10] without any attempt by theobserver tointervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passiverecorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer.OK, in today's lecture, we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling beforebeginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we'vediscussed will help you in your future research design.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: People often wonder how the human brain creates, for example, a beautiful painting, asculpture or even a delicious dinner. Today we are honoured to have Dr. Nancy Andreasen, aneuroscientist at the University of Iowa on our talk show. Dr. Andreasen has recently written abook called The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius. In her book, she tackles thequestionand tries to look into the brain behind creativity.M: Dr. Andreasen, thanks for coming on our show.W: Pleasure.M: Now, Dr. Andreasen can we start with the question “What is creativity?”W: Well, creativity can be saying as a process. This process starts with a person, for examplean artist, musician, inventor or even someone who's trying to figure out a better way of doinga task at work or at home.[1]That person must think about the problem or, or their project inanovel way and then come up with a solution.M: Hmm, I see. But how long will it take for the person to find a solution as it were?W: Well, it depends. [12]The creative process can go by in a flash or it can take years. But theend result is invariably the production of something new and useful, such as the automobile,or something beautiful and artistic, such as a painting by Vincent van Gogh.M: Hmm, Dr. Andreasen, then do you think the ability to be creative is inborn or not?W: Well,no one knows yet if the ability to be creative, for example the ability to produce a hauntingsymphony is the result of the environment or a genetic makeup that allows people to becreative more easily. [2]However, creativity does seem to run in certain families.M: Is that so?W: Yes. You see, [2] Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous member of the Bach family,but there were 20 other eminent musicians who came from the same family.M: That's very interesting. Now Dr. Andreasen,we've so far been talking about those famouscreative people like van Gogh or Bach who have produced great pieces of work. Does thatmean that creativity only resides in great people?W: No, certainly not. Creativity is not limited, I mean, to the masterpiece work of artbut can also be found in everyday tasks such as cooking or gardening.M: Oh, really?W: For example, a cook changes a recipe or even makes one up using ingredients he or shehas on hand to produce a new one. He is in fact using the creative process to create noveltaste sensations.M: So can we say both famous and ordinary people can be creative?W: Yes.M: Now Dr. Andreasen, can you describe to us what the actual creative process is?W: OK. Uh, [3] artists, musicians and writers often describe periods during which they'rerelying on ordinary creativity. For example, you know writers can spend hours at the keyboardputting thoughts together –this process is similar to the way people put together novel ideaswhen talking. And and many great artists also describe a dream-like state during which asymphony, a poem or the idea for the ending of a play comes to them in a flash.M: So what's going on in the brain during a flash of inspiration?W: Well, for the moment no one knows for sure, but but researchers suggest that creativepeople often slip into a zone in which ideas, uh, and thoughts come up freely in a sort ofdisorganized way. During that state a part of the brain becomes very active. And thatbrainregion is known to be able to link up ideas or or thoughts in potentially novel ways.M: I see. Another question, do you think there is a creative personality?W: Well, perhaps we can put it this way. Gifted people in the arts or science tend to enjoyadventure. They often like to explore new places or ideas. Uh, [4] they don't like beinghemmed in by rules or convention and,and they often look at problems from a different angle.Another point is,is they often have to move doggedly ahead on a project -- even when theoutside world rejects their art or new ideas.M: Dr. Andreasen, what about the role of the environment in the creative process?W: Environment does play a role. You see there have been hotbeds of creativity throughouthistory. For example, the city of Florence during the Renaissance period was home to bothLeonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Both men in fact came from families that didn't especiallyvalue creativity,yet someone noticed a spark of talent in them and both got the training andfinancial backing to produce extraordinary pieces of art.M: Uh,[5] since the environment helps in the creative process, are there ways for people tobuild a better, more creative brain?W: Well, [5] I suggest that you spend 30 minutes a day on acreativity workout.M: Oh, could you say a bit more about that?W: Yes, you do three things. First, explore an unfamiliar area of knowledge. For example,people who use a lot of math on the job should sign up for a painting class.M: And the second?W: The second is, spend time each day thinking. This means that you don't censor yourthoughts, but allow your mind to go freely to a problem and see what kind of solutions or ideascome up.M: Next thing?W: That is, practice the art of paying attention. Look for and really observe a person,an objector something in your daily commute that you hadn't noticed before. Try describing or drawingthat object in a journal or sketchbook.M: I hope that your advice will help people to train their brain to be creative. OK, thank youvery much Dr. Andreasen for talking on the show.W: Not at all.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews 1:NASA astronauts successfully installed a new ammonia pump on the International SpaceStation Monday during their third spacewalk to make the emergency repairs. The astronauts donot yet know whether theirefforts were enough to restore the space station's cooling systemto full capacity. It took three spacewalks totaling more than 22 hours, but astronauts DougWheelock and Tracy Caldwell Dyson managed to move the 350-kilogram replacement pumpinto position. They tightened bolts and made connections so ammonia could flow into themodule. NASA called the success “a big step in the right direction.”[6] The space station'scooling system has been running at half capacity for more than two weeks. On July 31, anammonia pump failed. Another module continued to pump coolant through a separate loop,but astronauts had to power down non-essential equipment to prevent overheating. Thespace station's deputy program manager, Kirk Shireman, said [6] the team did anoutstanding job coping with what he called “a major malfunction.”News 2:[8] Pediatricians from the U.S. University have taken a look at one measure of children's wellbeing in Egypt, the Philippines and India --- the extent to which children are subject to corporalpunishment and abuse. The data reveal interesting cultural differences about what seems tobe acceptable when it comes to physically disciplining children.”Among the things we learnedfor instance was that in India, slapping a child in the face or head is more common thanspanking them,”the researchers say. “And in Egypt, 25 percent of the mothers said that theyhad beatentheir child up, which was defined as hitting them over and over again with a closedfist.”[7] “And then the other interesting things were, like the Philippines, the rate of tellingpeople that evil spirits was going to get them, the kind of emotional, kind of threatening tolock them out of the home, was very high.”[8] However, despite the differences in punishmentmethods, some notable similarities have been found. For example, the education level ofmothers impacted how often they resorted to physical discipline. The more years of education,the lower the rate of harsh physical punishment in kids.News 3:Officials say Japan lost its place as the world's No. 2 Economy to China in the second quarter,as the island nation's economic growth slowed to a crawl. [9] Japan's Cabinet Office saidMonday that gross domestic product rose an annualized 0.4 percent in the three monthsended June 3, compared with a revised 4.4 percent expansion in the first quarter. [10]Monday's report said export growth slowed and consumer spending stalled. The expansionwas weaker than economists estimated, with their predictions ranging from 0.6 percent to 3.4percent. Analysts say China's economy will almost certainly be bigger than Japan's at the end ofthe year, because of the big difference in each country's growth rates. China is growing atabout 10 percent per year, while Japan's economy is forecast to grow three percent this year.SECTION A MINI-LECTURE听力真题In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your noteswill not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another tenminutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet fornote-taking.Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, thereare differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation-casual-(1) ________-dependence on memory---- research observation- (2) _________- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______- definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ acrosscircumstances- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______- (10) ______ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEW听力真题In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of theinterview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B. appears to be the result of the environment.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOTmentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Critical.C. Resolute.D. Original.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. creativity can only be found in great people.D. the environment is significant in the creative process.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST听力真题In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. A problem in the cooling system was solved.B. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D. An international space station was set up.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. Egypt.C. The Philippines.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.. To investigate ways of physical punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To expose cases of child abuse and punishmentQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____lessthan the first quarter.A. 4 percentB. 3 percentC. 0.6 percentD. 3.4 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.真题答案Section A Mini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: method InterviewSection B Interview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processSection C News Broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2听力原文Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners DoAbility for learning. Active learners tmderstand that the responsibility for learning mustcome from within, while passive learners often want to blame others for their lack ofmotivation, poor performance, time management problems and other difficulties that theymight experience. When active learners don't perform as well as they've hoped, they evaluatewhy they didn't do well and change those studying behaviors the next time. Passive learners,on the other hand, often approach evey. course in the same manner, and then get angrywithprofessors when their performance is poor. It is only when students accept the respon- sibilityfor their own learning that they can truly be called active learners.So, from what I have said so far, you can see that being an active learner involves both skilland will. By skill, I mean the tools to handle the studying and learning demands placed on you,like how to read with purpose, when and where to get assistance if you are having difficulty. Bywill, I mean the desire and motivation to follow through. Here I'd like to emphasize that skill isnothing without will. For example, you may have a friend who is knowledgeable, but notmotivated in the classroom, even though he reads widely and can intelligently discuss a varietyof issues, he does little school work and rarely studies. In other words, students, such asthese, may have the skills to do well, but for some reason, they simply do not have the will. Andbecause skill and will go hand in hand, unmotivated students, those who do not have the will,may experience difficulty in college.OK, today we discuss the differences between an active learner and a passive one, andsome useful study strategies that may eventually help you become an active learner.SECTION B INTERVIEWInterviewer: Good morning, Mr. West. Nice to have you on ore" program.Interviewee: Good morning.Interviewer: OK. We all work or very few people can get away with not working. Work is a factof life when we're adults. But before, there wasn't a lot of choice in the selection of work. Nowthings are different.With greater mobility, the mobility that is offered when people havegreater opportunities for higher education or training, more and more people are able to choosethe fields that interest them . They can and do have opinions about what makes one job forthem better than another job. So, Mr. West, what do people actually want from their jobs?What are workers' opinions, you know, about what makes one job better than another?Interviewee: Well, to answer your questions, I'd like to look at two polls, two surveys. Theywere both done in the 1990s. The purposes were to find out what issues or jobcharacteristics were especially important to workers.Interviewer: Umm. What were they?Interviewee: Some of you might guess that the answer is obvious.Interviewer: I think so.Interviewee: You might say "oh people just want higher salaries, more money." But let's see ifthat's true.Interviewer: OK.Interviewee: Now, the first poll. The first poll was taken in 1990, andthis poll askedrespondents to choose what was the most important to them among five items. And they wereonly allowed to choose one out of the five items.Interviewer: So what were the five items?Interviewee: Alright. The first item was important and meaningful work. The second was highincome. The third was chances for advancement, promotion and so on. The fourth item wasjob security, and the fifth was shorter work hours, OK?Interviewer: It would be interesting to know the survey results.Interviewee: Yes, now let me tell you the results. 50% considered important and meaningfulwork the most important characteristic of a job. They didn't choose high income. Interesting.Anyway, 24% did say high income was the most important characteristic of a job. Of theremaining, 16% said chances for advancement was most important. Maybe these were youngerworkers, starting out on a career. 6% said job security and fmally4% said shorter work hourswas most important.Interviewer: I think what's striking about the results is that by far workers valued importantand meaningful work as more important than any of the other characteristics, that includedsalary.Interviewee: Yeah. Now I'm going to tell you about another poll, and this poll was taken ayear later in 1991, and it asked the respondents to reflect on how important certain jobcharacteristics were in theirwork.And this is a different type of poll because whereas in thefirst poll, respon- dents had to choose only one out of five, in this poll they wanted theirrespondents to react to each item separately. You know, this is to rank each item as "notimportant", "somewhat important", "important" or "very important". So they have four choicesfor each item.Interviewer: Sorry to interrupt you. How many items altogether?Interviewee: Oh, the poll had 16 items. Let me give you a few examples.Interviewer: OK.Interviewee: The second item they asked about is interesting work. They asked howimportant is interesting work to you. And again, I'm just going to tell you about how manypeople said it was very important. In this case, 78% of the respondents ranked this as veryimportant to them.Interviewer: 78%?Interviewee: Yes, 78%. This is a key point, I think. One often sees people working for a lotless if they enjoy their work.Interviewer: That's true.Interviewee: The fourth item they asked about was opportunity to learn new skills. Howimportant is that to you? 68% ranked this as very important. And I think that goes again to theidea of interest level, personal satisfaction, and the idea that people want their work to bemeaningful.Interviewer: Definitely.Interviewee: Another item, item NO. 7, recognition from coworkers.. 62% of therespondents said that this was very important. It was important for them to be recognized, tobe respected, and acknowl- edged for the work they've done. And I see recognition as apsychological benefit. There's no monetary reward necessarily attached to it, althoughsometimes they could be. But more people are looking for the psychological reward in termsof appreciation.Interviewer: It seems to me that people value psychological reward a lot more than money.Interviewee: That's right. At least the poll result seemed to say so. Now, let's take a look atanother item, NO. 14.Interviewer: OK!Interviewee: NO. 14 was chances for promotion. 53% said that this was very important tothem. It was im portant to them to have opportunities for advancement, chances forpromotion. And I think this goes along with high income and recognition. That's both apsychological reward, promo tion, as well as a monetary reward.Interviewer: Umm.Interviewee: 15 is contact with a lot of people. Some people are very people-oriented, and52% said that this was very important to them.Interviewer: So we can see workers do have a lot of things that arevery huportant to them.Interviewee: Yes, but you can also see the variation in numbers. But a note of caution here.These are av erages, and polls talk about averages. But still I think it is important for employersto become more aware of polls like these because it might allow them to keep their workerssatisfied in ways that maybe they haven't thought of before.Interviewer: Yeah, OK. Thank you very much Mr. West for talking to us on the program.Interviewee: Pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews 1:A Moscow company is now marketing "Sleepboxes"-freestanding, mobile boxes with beds insidefor travelers stranded overnight, or those in need of a quick snooze . The Sleepboxes aremeant to be installed in airports and rented for 30 minutes to several hours at a time . ASleepbox is currently installed at the Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. "We travela lot and many times we faced a problem of rest and privacy in airports," says co-designerMikhail Krymov of design firm Arch Group, who together with Alexei Goryainov came up with theidea of Sleepbox. "And as we are architects, we like to think of solutions." Measuring 1.4 meterswide, two meters in length and 2.3 meters in height, Sleepboxes star feature is a two-meter-long bed made of polymer。
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高等院校英语专业八级考试样题XI
SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English. (原文)
中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比,它先天有些不足,后天也常缺乏营养,但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。
它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
第二代属于工业技术博物馆,它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用,但是,它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里,观众可以自己去动手操作,自己细心体察。
这样,他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术,去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处,设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品,展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
(参考译文)
The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.
The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.
The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology. Those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.
SECTION B:Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese (原文)
If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death", they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.
History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully
judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.
(参考译文)
如果人们藉"英年早逝"这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话,他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝,而另一些人则"死不逢时" 。
死于年迈很少被冠以"死不逢时"之名,因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。
反之,如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死,人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂,前途无可限量,生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。
当然,历史否定这一切。
在诸多较为著名的"英年早逝"的情形中,我们会忆起玛丽莲.梦露与詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死,其生命并不因其短暂而有损其圆满。
对于约翰.济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实,文人墨客们皆痛不欲生,但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为,设若他们也死于这一年龄,其一生可视为失败。
视英年早逝为不圆满,这一观念有悖于逻辑,因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记,是生命的力度及其美德。