高中英语(外研社)第四册(必修4)(Module 4)电子课本
高中英语 高中英语外研版必修4课件：module4第2课时
Module 4
第二课时
成才之路 · 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
· 学习指导 · 外研
课内合作探究
Module 4
第二课时
成才之路 · 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
· 学习指导 · 外研
1.career n．[C]生涯；经历；职业，事业
She spent most of her career working in laboratory.
Module 4
第二课时
成才之路 · 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
· 学习指导 · 外研
Ⅱ.by＋v.ing形式
根据汉语完成句子。 ①I tried to wake up my wife____________the doorbell ， by bringing but she was fast asleep. 我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。 ②She earned money_____________. by writing 她通过写作赚钱。
· 学习指导 · 外研
第二课时
Grammar
1.1.1 集合的概念
Module 4
第二课时
成才之路 · 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
· 学习指导 · 外研
1
课前自主预习
2
课内合作探究
4
基 础 巩 固
3
新课标语法
5
课后强化作业
Module 4第二课时成才之路 源自 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
Module 4
第二课时
成才之路 · 高中新课程 版 · 英语 · 必修4
· 学习指导 · 外研
2．brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的 Please be brief because I'm in a hurry. 我有急事，请长话短说。 He wrote me a brief letter because of the shortage of time. 因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Using language 课件
Grammar: Review—attributive clauses Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 1. What does “where” refer to in sentence (a)?
Grammar: Review—attributive clauses
分类 关系词 指代对象
定语
从句
中的
关系 代词
关系
词
who whom whose
that which
as
指人 指人 指人或物 指人或物 指物 指人或物
when
关系 副词
where
why
指时间 指地点 指原因
在从句中的作用 作主语、宾语、表语
该句中，when 引导时间状语从句，整个从句充当 时间状语。
Grammar: Review—attributive clauses 定语从句 I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York. It was when their first child was born. 我拜访了住在纽约的 Smith 夫妇。那年他们的第一个孩子出生了。
Grammar: Review—attributive clauses
Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.
Goodd DDeeaalliissaallooccaallmmoovveemmeennt tininsosmome ecocuonutnritersi.eIst(,) whorickhs twoohreklps tfoarhmeelrps faanrdmwerosrkaenrsdiwn olersksedrsevinelolepsesd adreevaeslorepceedivaeraeabsertteecrediveealafobrethterirdperaoldfuocre.thGeoirod Dpreoadl upcroed. ucts may be a little more expensive than regular products, but up to one-third of the sale price will be given back to the producers. This is more than they could get under the conventional trading system.
外研版高中英语必修四Book 4 Module 4 reading The Student who Asked Questions教学课件
Para.5-6
What are the effects of Yuan Longping’s discoveries？ As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries，Chinese
rice production _______47.5 percent in the 1990s.
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Module 4 Great Scientists
Qian Xuesen Marie Curie Archimedes Stephen Hawking Albert Einstein
a. Theory of Relativity b. Father of China’s aerospace c. discovered Radium（镭） d.“therapies of devastating parasitic
He the
sFpAokOehoafst_he_se_tn_ime_e_ad_t_te_od_j_o,inthtlayt
fight over
world hunger. In fact, the next decade, the
demand ands_u_p__p_ly__of the world’s three major _c_e_r_e_a_l_s_:
1. What is the problem mentioned in the video？ 2. Who can possibly ease this problem？
He spoke of the need to jointly fight world hunger. In fact, the FAO has___________, that over the next decade, the demand and _______of the world’s three major ________: wheat, rice and corn, will be______. And, with more than a billion people__________, China has been continually making efforts to increase __________of its predominant _______food: rice.
Unit+4+Developing+ideas+课件-高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册
Pre-reading
Your understanding of the title?
Have ststh
Use/experience sth with sb
What
How
Why
In everyday life, people share common items, joy or sorrows. With the rapid development of economy, goods, service and technologies etc. can be shared at competitive prices at the click of a button, which brings people more benefits.
2 Share your ideas with your group.
3 Present your group’s ideas to the class.
Post-reading
Life is very long, and needs to share.Happiness is to share. Happiness is the share, the more pain is to share the less.
3
2
1
4
5
While-reading
1. What’s the writing style of the passage?A. Narration(记叙文) B. Argumentation(议论文) C. Exposition(说明文) D. Practical Writing(应用文)
As
to
be collected
外研社版必修4课文
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------外研社版必修4课文必修 4 Module 1 Life in the Future The City of the Future What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earths natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns. Forget1 / 17smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future citys limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors. Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commandsto place orders. Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city. Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flickof a switch. Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic. Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head. Space travel Travellling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport. Famous Last Words Not all predictions come true. Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. Here are just a few of the bad predictions people madein the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ AIRPLANES No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris. Orville Wright, 1908. COMPUTERS I think there is a world marketfor maybe five computers Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1 943 CLOTHES Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times. Changing Times Magazine, 1957 MEN ON THE MOON With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970s, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon. Arnold B,Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962. THE BEATLES We dont like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out. Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1 962. ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE By the year 2019, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about. New York Times, 1 966 KEYS By the mid-1 980s no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there wont be any keys. Computer scientist Christopher Evans, The Micro Millennium, 1 979. Module 2 Traffic J am Getting Around in Beijing Taxis Taxis are on the streets 24hours a day. Simply raise your hand, anda taxi appears in no time. They are usually red, and they display3 / 17the price per kilometer on the window. You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt. Buses and trolleybuses Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded. Its a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour (6:30 am 8:00 am and 5:00 pm 6:30 pm). Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more. Buses numbered 1 to 1 00 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldnt miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. Youll have a good view of the rapidly changing city. Most buses run from about 5:00 am to midnight. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s. Minibuses Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours. Underground There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction.---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible.A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5:00 am to 11 :00 pm. Pedicabs Tourists like these human-pedalled tricycle taxis, but they can be expensive. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing. The London Congestion Charge Beijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USAs most congested city. In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time. The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken5 / 17Livingstone, introduced a congestion charge a tax for cars entering the centre of the city. The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay $5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm. As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of $80. Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars. But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge. Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Com m unication---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------If you say the word communication, most people think of wordsand sentences. Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call body language.We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also learned body language, which varies from cultureto culture. We use learned body language when we are introduced to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guarduntil we know it is safe to relax. So every culture has developeda formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannotbe holding a weapon. So the gesture is saying, I trust you look,Im not carrying a threatening weapon. If you shake hands with someone, you show y trust them: we shake hands when we make a deal. It means, We agree and we trust each other. Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over theleft and bow slightly. Muslims give a salaam, where they touch7 / 17their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon. Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the expression, Give me five! One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the others open hand above the head in a high five. Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting. Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader! Clapping Why do we clap? To show we like something, of course. But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. First they give, and then we give. Without us the audience the performance would not be complete. The custom of clapping has early beginnings. In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part. Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. The theatre was---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------large it could hold 1 4,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could makea lot of noise. Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience. The important thing was to make the noise together, to add ones own small handclap to others. Clapping is social, like laughter:you dont very often clap or laugh out loud alone. It is like laughter in another way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly. Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.But some occasions on which people clap change from one countryto another. For example, in Britain people clap at wedding,but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral. Module 4 Great Scientists The Student Who Asked Questions In a hungry worldrice is a staple food and China is the worlds largest producer.Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure. Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, the studentwho ask questions. From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher9 / 17he began experiments in crop breeding. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. He thought there was only one way to do this by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1 966. then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile. Finally, in 1 970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. The research was supported by the government. As a result of Yuan Longpings discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1 990s. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Longpings rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines. In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan. Rockets Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2019. Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born. The first military use of rockets was in 1 232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot arrows of flying fire. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 1 5th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a11 / 17rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship. But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared WanHu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened.Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges A Trip Along the Three Gorges In August1 996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and theyhad four weeks off for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take a boat downstream. We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, You shouldnt go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. They dont stop at the temples and there wont be any other foreigners. That sounded fine to me. We just had to show our---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ passports and they let us get on the boat. We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts along the rivers edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful. We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the tow-mile-high mountains. Oh, well, my friend said, at least we have two more left. At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day we went through the ig gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history long the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past. As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we werent allowed to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind.13 / 17On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River, it said. Postcards to Myself In 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three. And everywhere he goes, he sends himself a postcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp. Usually he writes just a short message to himself. His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing. On a wall in his home in London there is large map of the world. There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it. its good to get a pin in the map, says Mr McCorquodale, but I follow the rules. Im allowed to stick one in only if Ive been in a place for more than 24 hours. Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places. New Zealand he describes as wonderful. In Europe, Italy is a favourite place. Theres a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off. Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile. Of China he says, This is one country in the world which is completely different. Theres no European influence. Its been around for 6,000 years, yet its a country of the future. Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him a photo of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secret pocket, and a pen for writing his---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ postcards. So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel? Mr McCorquodale laughs. I do it for the journey, he says.I get a kick out of traveling. And all the planning. Module6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World The Monster of Lake Tianchi The Monster of Lake Tianchi in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. It jumped out of the water like a weal about 200 people on Changbais western peak saw it, he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse. In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water. The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. It was greenish-black and had a round head with 1 0-centimetre horns, one of the soldiers said. A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the15 / 17water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his familywere able to see the monster clearly because the weather wasfine and the lake was calm. There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning the of last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have beentaken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the LochNess monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are skeptical. They say that the low-temperature lakeis unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures. Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is2,1 89 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometers. In places it is more than 370 metres deep. The Universal Dragon Dragons can be friendly or fierce, they canbring good luck or cause death and destruction, but one thingis sure people talk about them almost everywhere in the world.For a creature that doesnt actually exist, thats quite something. In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable. The dragon was---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ closely connected to the royal family: the emperors robes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws. Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour. According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader. But in the west, dragons had a different reputation. The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight. However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a positive symbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity. Why should the dragon have a different character in different parts of the world? Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of. In the west, the idea of the dragon probably came from the snake an animal which people hated and were afraid of. But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator a shy animal which lives in rivers, but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water a good sign for agriculture. So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.17 / 17。
新教材外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit4 Everyday economics教学课件
Unit 4 Everyday economics
1．Don't put all your eggs in one basket. 不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。 2．Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. 智力投资绝非白花钱。
( )7.dizzy
( )8.distribution
E．adj.创业的，具有创业精神的 F．n.the time when the sun first appears in the sky in the morning G．n.an enthusiastic interest in sth. such as a sport or a hobby H．adj.feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance
3．A man of noble character acquires his wealth by honourable means.
君子爱财，取之有道。 4．The remarkable development of digital economy is transforming our modern way of life. 数字经济的蓬勃发展正在改变我们的现代生活方式。
( )9.purchaseI．n.a toiletry designed to
( )10.bonus
beautify the body J．n.the system of transporting
and delivering goods
外研社高中教材必修4教材原文
Module 1 Life in the FutureTask: Describing your ideal house for the future INTRODUCTION Vocabulary and speaking1. Look at the photograph and answer the questions.1. What is it?2. Where do you think it is?3. Would you like to live in it?2. Choose the building material to complete the sentences.1. _________is a very light mental.2 __________is a very strong mental.3.both ______and ______come from trees.4.__________is light ,strong, very popular, and man-made.5.__________are often used to build walls.6.__________is very strong and is used in many modern buildings.7.__________is wet earth.8. __________is a natural hard material.9.___________is used to make windows.3. Work in pairs. Discuss what materials your school is made of /from?Now guess what materials the building in the photo is made of /from?READING AND VOCABULARY1. Look at the title of the passage. Tick the topics you think it will mention. Alternative energy crime schools public services shoppingEnvironment traffic weather entertainmentNow add the topics to the list.2 Read the passage and check your ideas.The City of the FutureWhat will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain--they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy,such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.Here are some of the ideas they had:Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.Forget the malls In the future all shopping be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.Telephones for life Everyone will be given telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.3. Match the words and phrases from the text with their meanings.1. a problem which prevents you from doing something _________2. not in a building _________3. from the sun _________4. free time activities, such as sport and entertainment _________5. you can use this to catch a lot of fish at the same time _________6. through the internet _________7. A place where you can get medical treatment _________8. to do with town or city life _________9. a shopping center _________10.to use up or finish completely _________11. medical treatment in which the doctor cuts open your body _________ 4. Match the words and phrases in the box A with those in the box B.ANow check with the passage.5.Find the words and phrases in the text which mean these things.1. not a wise thing to do a risky business2. someone who needs medical treatment but doesn’t need to stay in hospital _____________3. remove _____________4. old people _____________5. you don’t have to pay for something _____________6. a hole in the ground filled with garbage that can’t be recycled _____________6. Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions about the passage.1. What have students in a Texas university done?2. Where will the garbage ships go?3. Who will batman nets catch?4. Where won’t people be allowed to smoke?5. How will people go shopping?6. What number will people keep for life?7. What won’t people have to pay for?8. How will cars be different?9. What will doctors do from a distance?10. Where will old people go without moving?7. Discuss these questions in pairs.Which predictio n…1.is the strangest?2.is the most useful?3.will come true first?4.will come true last?Now share your ideas with the rest of the class.FUNCTION Talking about the future1. Read the extract from The City of the Future and answer the questions.What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions isa risky business. But one thing is certain--- They are going to get bigger before they getsmaller1.Which sentence talks about a certain future?2.Which sentence talks about a prediction?2. Match the sentences A—F with the meanings 1—6.3. Underline the most appropriate form from the verb.1. No one knows what the world will be like/is going to be like in the future.2. what are you doing/are you going to do when you leave school?3. what time will the plane arrive/will the plane arrive?4. Look out! We are having/’re going to have an accident!5. I can’t go out tonight, my cousin comes is coming for dinner.6. I’ll ring /’m ringing you if I arrive early.7. My brother has decided. He’ll study/’s going to study urban planning.8. I think I go /’ll go home now.4. Work in pairs. Discuss your choices in activity 3. Look at the meanings listed in activity 2 to help you.5. Write another prediction for the city of the future.LISTENING AND SPEAKING1. Describe your home to your partner. Talk about these things.Size and number of the rooms furniture technology2 Listen to an architect talking about the home of the future and answer the questions.1. He describes what houses will look like in _________years’ time.(a) twenty (b) thirty (c) forty2. He thinks houses in the future will be different_____________.(a) outside (b) inside (c) outside and inside3. Houses will have________which move.(a) floors (b) ceilings (c) walls4. The most important room will be the ________.(a) bathroom (b) kitchen (c) living room5. The _______will be bigger.(a) bathroom (b) dining room (c) toilet6. The house will be controlled by a __________.(a) computer (b) robot (c) telescreen7. If machines are “smart”, they are __________.(a) clean (b) invisible (c) clever8. The architect is __________optimistic about the effect of the house on the environment.(a) not at all (b) not very (c) very3 Work in pairs and check your answers to activity 2.Now listen again.4. Work in pairs. Try to remember what the archtecy says about:1. what could happen to the dining room and the living room2. how to switch on the light3. what the toilet will be able to4. what the dishwasher will be able to5. Say which things you think will happen, and which won’t happen. Example: I think bathrooms will get bigger. I don’t think toilets will move!6. Work in groups. Imagine your house of the future. Think about these things.How big will it be?What will it be made of/from?Which rooms will be most important?What new technology will it have?How environment-friendly will it be7. Describe the house to the rest of the class.GRAMMAR The future continuous1. Look at these sentences from the interview and tick the true statements.a. Where will we be living in twenty years’ time?b. We won’t be living underground or in spacec. We’ll be living in houses and flats just as we do today.1. The future continuous is formed with will be and the–ing form of the verb. □2. The negative form is won’t be and the –ing form of the verb. □3. The future continuous describes a situation which will be in progress at a given moment in the future. □4. The future continuous is used to refer to the arrangements for the near future. □5. The future continuous is used to make prediction. □2. Complete these sentences from the interview in Listening and speaking.1. We ____________probably ______________the kitchen more as a family room.2. We ____________more time in the bath.3. Everyone ___________hard to take care of the environment.plete these sentences with the verbs in brackets using the future continuous.1. At nine o’clock tonight I ______________(do) my homework.2. Don’t call me before seven. I ____________(get dressed).3. They _______________(not work) next Thursday. It’s a public holiday.4. In the year 3000 a lot of people _______________(live) on space station.5. ___________you _____________(stay) here next summer.6. This time next year I ____________(lie) on a beach.4. Tell your partner what you will be doin g…PRONUNCIATION1. Underline the stressed words in this passage.Twenty years isn't a long time. We won't be living underground or in space. We’ll be living in houses and flats just as we do today.Now listen and check.2. Look at the stressed words. Predict what the passage says.Kitchen--most important room--house.We--still--cooking, probably--using-- kitchen more--family--room. bathrooms--bigger.Now listen and check.WRITING1. Read what four students predict for the future.Work in pairs and answer the questions.1. Which student:a. wants to work in a job that will help sick people?b. would like to live in a different country<c. hopes to have a family.d. doesn’t have any future plans?2. find words or phrases that mean:a. I don’t know exactly I’m not really sureb. it’s certain _______________c. I hope this will happen _______________d. it’s possible ________________e. after a long time _________________3. What different ways of thinking about the future can you find?ThomasI’m not very sure what I will be doing in ten years from now. I guess that I will be working, but I don’t know what job I want to do yet. Maybe an actor or film director? But I can definitely tell you what I’ll be doing next week---celebrating my birthday with my friends. I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future.EmmaThere’s one thing I really want to do and that is to travel around the world. Hopefully I will be living somewhere completely different in ten years. Somewhere really interesting like Australia, or even Japan---who knows? I’d like to be a teacher and I’ll probably be teaching English. Then I can go to almost any country and find a job.KenWhen I was little I always said I wanted to be a doctor and that hasn’t changed. I will definitely study medicine after I finish school. It will be a lot of hard work I know, but it’s my dream. so in ten years I hope I will either be working hospital or as a doctor with my own surgery. Eventually, I’d like to become a surgeon. I’ll be saving lives and that is definitely a very useful and interesting career.MaryI’m not really sure about the future. I know I’m going to go to university but I also imagine that I will get married sometime in the next ten years. I’d like to have a family but I want to have a interesting job as well. I’m interested in the environment, so I’ll probably be working as a scientist and help develop alternative energy or something like that.2. Write about what you will be doing in ten years in 100 words. EVERYDAY ENGLISHLook at the words and phrases and choose the best explanation.1.you get rid of something if you ________________.(a) need it (b) don’t need it2.if something is free of charge it ________________.(a) doesn’t cost anything (b) is allowed by the law3.for a start means __________________(a) at the beginning (b) the first point is4.if you turn out of something you ______________(a) leave it quickly (b) haven’t got any of it left5.if something is on the way out it’s going to_______________.(a) disappear (b) become famousCULTURAL CORNER1 Read the passsage and decide which prediction you find most amusing.Famous Last WordsNot all predictions come true.Many of them are wrong,and some are very wrong.Here are just a few of the bad predictionspeople made in the twentieth century about the twenty- first century: AIRPLANES"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright, 1908.COMPUTERS"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM,1943.CLOTHES"Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made-of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times."Changing Times Magazine, 1957.MEN ON THE MOON"With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's,work is now in progress on the types of building requiredfor men to stay in when they're on the moon."Arnold B. Barach in the Changes to Come, 1962.THE BEATLES"We don't like their sound,and guitar music is on the way out."Decca Recording Co.rejecting the Beatles, 1962.ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE"By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robotshaped like a box with one large eye on the top,several arms and hands,and long narrow pads on the side for moving about."New York Times, 1966.KEYS"By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again,because there won't be any keys."Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium,1979.2 Write 5-7 sentences about life in China in the future.TASK Describing your ideal house for the future2.Make a draw of the outside of the house and a plan of the rooms inside.3.say what each room in the house is and any interesting features it will have.4.Show your design to the rest of the class.MODULE FILE In this module, you have learnt:VocabularyWords to learnAlternative aluminium arrest brick concrete criminal disability load mall material mud net online operation outdoors recreation resource rubber solar steel surgery urban waste(v)Words to reviseClinic energy entertainment glass huge natural plastic recycle shopping stone spaceship woodPhrasesCarry out for sure run out place an order rely on use up FunctionWays of talking about the futureWhat will the city of the future look like?They are going to get bigger before they get smaller.Grammar focusThe future continuousWhere will we be living in twenty years’ time?We won’t be living underground or in space.PronunciationStress in sentencesEveryday EnglishGet rid ofFree of chargeFor a startRun out ofOn the way outModule 2 Traffic Jam[18:07.76]READING AND VOCABULARY[18:10.31]1 Look at the passage and say who might find the information useful.[18:17.70]Getting Around in Beijing[18:20.75]Taxis[18:23.05]Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day.[18:27.05]Simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears in no time.[18:31.46]They are usually red,[18:33.41]and they display the price per kilometre on the window.[18:37.45]You should check the cab has a business permit,[18:40.25]and make sure you ask for a receipt.[18:43.56]Buses and trolleybuses[18:45.95]Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.[18:51.36]There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing,[18:55.18]but they can get very crowded.[18:58.45]It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour[19:03.56](6:30 am--8:00 am and 5:00 pm--6:30 pm).[19:09.51]Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan.[19:13.00]Air-conditioned buses cost more.[19:16.14]Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.[19:22.00]Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs.[19:25.79]Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus[19:29.41]which offers one of the most impressive routes,[19:32.68]past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.[19:37.29]If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs.[19:41.61]You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.[19:44.84]Most buses run from about 5:00 am to midnight.[19:49.75]However,there is also a night bus service,[19:52.44]provided by buses with a number in the 200s.[19:56.36]Minibuses[19:58.13]Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis [20:04.24]and crowded public transport in some areas.[20:07.67]They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses.[20:13.19]And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.[20:18.54]Underground[20:20.67]There are four underground lines in Beijing,[20:24.37]and several lines are under construction.[20:27.32]Trains are fast and convenient,but rush hours can be terrible.[20:32.90]A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin.[20:39.81]The underground is open from 5:00 am to 11:00 pm.[20:45.52]Pedicabs[20:47.84]Tourists like these human-pedalled "tricycle taxis",[20:51.83]but they can be expensive.[20:54.84]You should talk to the driver,[20:56.99]and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, [21:00.67]for example,if it is per person,single or return.[21:05.84]Tricycles are worth using[21:08.52]if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.[21:14.19]LISTENING AND SPEAKING[21:19.77]1 Listen to the people of Beijing[21:23.29]speaking about traffic problems in the city.[21:26.30]Before you listen,tick the topics you think will talk about.[21:31.28]Now listen and check.[21:34.25]Speaker 1[22:13.79]Speaker 2[22:52.14]Speaker 3[23:32.86]Speaker 4[24:18.20]Speaker 5[24:59.87]2 Listen and match the traffic situations with the speakers.[25:06.09]Speaker 1[25:46.25]Speaker 2[26:25.58]Speaker 3[27:06.22]Speaker 4[27:51.06]Speaker 5。
高中英语Unit4 课件外研版选择性必修第四册
这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。
[例 1] He is superior to the other man. 他比另一个男子级别高。 [例 2] That army won because of superior numbers. 那支军队以人多取胜。 [造句] 你在这项技术上一定胜过我。
The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich.
[知识拓展]
discriminate against
歧视；排斥；人身攻击；区别
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B
But to be the next business executive requires effort.You need to acquire a keen mind and good business brain and above all，you need enthusiasm.Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea，it's probably worth giving it a try.
Money is indeed important，but money cannot buy everything.A miser may think that “money talks”，but if you only give your attention to making money，you may lose many things，such as health，friendship and love.I don't think we should regard money as everything.Money is just a tool that can help us solve problems or enable us to live a comfortable life.What we should do is to use it appropriately and not become misers.This way，all of us can lead a happier life.
英语外研版必修四 全册极品课件
第20讲 │ 课前热身
第20讲 │ 课前热身
第20讲 │ 课前热身
第20讲 │ 课前热身
第20讲 │ 单词点睛 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
第20讲 │ 单词点睛
高中英语第四册（必修4）
第19讲 │ Module 1 Life in the Future
第19讲 │ 编读互动 编读互动
第19讲 │ 课前热身 课前热身
第19讲 │ 课前热身
第19讲 │ 课前热身
第19讲 │ 课前热身
第19讲 │ 课前热身
第19讲 │ 单词点睛 单词点睛
第19讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 短语存储 短语存储
第23讲 │ 短语存储源自第23讲 │ 短语存储第23讲 │ 短语存储
第23讲 │ 编读互动 编读互动
第23讲 │ 课前热身 课前热身
第23讲 │ 课前热身
第23讲 │ 课前热身
第23讲 │ 课前热身
第23讲 │ 单词点睛 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第23讲 │ 单词点睛
第21讲 │ 课前热身
第21讲 │ 单词点睛 单词点睛
第21讲 │ 单词点睛
第21讲 │ 单词点睛
第21讲 │ 单词点睛
外研版必修4 module 4 reading Yuan Longping
Advantages Chinese rice production by 47.5% and many rice fields rose ____ converted to growing vegetables were _________ Following and other ______ crops . _______ cash this, Yuan’s rice was ________ exported to other coutries.
physicist
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
mathematician
What do you know about great scientists?
Name: ____________________ Qian Xuesen Marie Curie Name: ____________________ Name: ____________________ Archimedes Albert Einstein Name: ____________________ Name: ____________________ Nationality: _______________ Yuan Longping Chinese Nationality: _______________ Polish Nationality: _______________ Sicilian Nationality: _______________ German / American Physics Nationality: _______________ Chinese Major: ___________________ Major: ___________________ Physics Physics, Mathematician Major: ___________________ Major: ___________________ Agriculture Mathematical Physics Major: ___________________ Inventions /discovers: Inventions /discovers: Inventions /discovers: Inventions /discovers: Chinese atom bomb Inventions /discovers: __________________________ Radioactivity __________________________ buoyancy 浮力 __________________________ relativity __________________________ hybrid rice they __________________________ When did invent/discover: When did they invent/discover: When did they invent/discover: When did they invent/discover: In 1964 When did they invent/discover: __________________________ __________________________ In 1898 About 240 BC __________________________ In 1905 __________________________ In 1970 __________________________
Unit4Developingideas课件- 高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册
3. Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-
bottom prices , or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple
3-a
4-d
5-e
结合文章内容，写一篇概要写作。 At an early age, we were taught to share things even feelings with
others. Currently, the action of sharing has new ways. Sharing is beneficial to the world in many aspects , and it has some drawbacks as well. The sharing economy is becoming more and more relevant to our lives and we can imagine what it will be like in the future.
D.We can also make money through sharing. 3.Sharing can cut down on waste because .
BCAD
A.we can reuse items by sharing
B.we can use items that other people don’t use
accomadation a hostel
meals power
had pizza lonely ran out of power
外研版高中英语必修四课文文本
Module 1 ReadingThe City of the FutureWhat will the city of the future look like? No one knowsfor sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But onething is certain—they are going to get bigger before they getsmaller. In the future, care for the environment will becomevery important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideasthey had:Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city willload huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towardsthe sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.Cultural CornerFamous Last WordsNot all predictions come true. Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:AIRPLANES"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright, 1908. COMPUTERS"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.CLOTHES"Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times."Changing Times Magazine, 1957. MEN ON THE MOON"With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon."Arnold B. Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962. THE BEATLES"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962. ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE"By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about."New York Times, 1966.KEYS"By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a keyunder the doormat again, because there won't be anykeys."Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium, 1979.Module 2 ReadingGetting Around in BeijingTaxisTaxis are on the streets 24 hours a day. Simply raise yourhand, and a taxi appears in no time. They are usually red, andthey display the price per kilometre on the window. Youshould check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.Buses and trolleybusesPublic transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded. It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour (6:30 a.m.–8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.–6:30 p.m.). Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.Most buses run from about 5:00 a.m. to midnight. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.MinibusesMinibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.UndergroundThere are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction. Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.PedicabsTourists like these human-pedalled "tricycle taxis", but they can be expensive. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.Cultural CornerThe London Congestion ChargeBeijing isn't the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now theUSA's most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and builtbefore cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part ofdaily life for a long time. The situation in central London,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a "congestion charge"—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m. As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of £80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom ...But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.Module 3 ReadingGreetings Around the WorldIf you say the word "communication", most people thinkof words and sentences. Although these are very important,we communicate with more than just spoken and writtenwords. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call "bodylanguage". We see examples of unconscious body languagevery often, yet there is also "learned" body language, whichvaries from culture to culture.We use "learned" body language when we are introduced to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax. So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand—the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. So the gesture is saying, "I trust you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon." If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them. We shake hands when we make a deal. It means, "We agree and we trust each other."Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a "salaam", where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the expression, "Give me five!" One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a "high five". Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!Cultural CornerClappingWhy do we clap? To show we like something, of course. But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. First they give, and then we give. Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings. In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part. Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, andof equality between actors and audience. The important thingwas to make the noise together, to add one's own smallhandclap to others. Clapping is social, like laughter: you don'tvery often clap or laugh out loud alone. It is like laughter inanother way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly. Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit. But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another. For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.Module 4 ReadingThe Student Who Asked QuestionsIn a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is theworld's largest producer. Rice is also grown in many otherAsian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. Inthe rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping,is a leading figure.Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, "the student who asks questions".From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. The research was supported by the government.As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.Cultural CornerRocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot "arrows of flying fire". The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?Module 5 ReadingA Trip Along the Three GorgesIn August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take a boat downstream.We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, "You shouldn't go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. They don't stop at the temples and there won't be anyother foreigners." That sounded fine to me. We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts along the river's edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains. "Oh, well," my friend said, "at least we have two more left."At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history along the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren't allowed to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. "Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River," it said.Cultural CornerPostcards to MyselfIn 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visitedevery country in the world, except three. And everywhere hegoes, he sends himself a postcard. He always chooses apostcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp. Usually he writes just a short message to himself. His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing.On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world. There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it. "It's good to get a pin in the map," says Mr McCorquodale, "but I follow the rules. I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've been in a place for more than 24 hours." Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places. New Zealand he describes as "wonderful". In Europe, Italy is a favourite place. "There's a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off. Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile." Of China he says,"This is one country in the world which is completely different. There's no European influence. It's been around for 6,000 years, yet it's a country of the future."Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him aphoto of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secretpocket, and a pen for writing his postcards.So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel? MrMcCorquodale laughs. "I do it for the journey," he says. "Iget a kick out of travelling. And all the planning."Module 6 ReadingThe Monster of Lake TianchiThe "Monster of Lake Tianchi" in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. "It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peaksaw it," he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim theysaw an animal moving on the surface of the water. Thesoldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake,watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. "Itwas greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetrehorns", one of the soldiers said.A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.Cultural CornerThe Universal DragonDragons can be friendly or fierce, they can bring goodluck or cause death and destruction, but one thing is sure—people talk about them almost everywhere in the world. For acreature that doesn't actually exist, that's quite something.In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable. The dragon was closely connected to the royal family: the emperor's robes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws. Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour. According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader.But in the west, dragons had a different reputation. The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight. However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a positivesymbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity.Why should the dragon have a different character indifferent parts of the world? Some experts believe it is due tothe animals the myths grew out of. In the west, the idea of thedragon probably came from the snake—an animal which people hated and were afraid of.But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator—a shy animal which lives in rivers, but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water—a good sign for agriculture. So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.。
全册高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译(外研版)
1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市会是什么样子呢？No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切的了解，预测也是一件很危险的事情。
But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大，然后再变小。
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。
We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. 我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。
我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。
We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。
例如，太阳能和风能。
All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. 所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。
新外研社高中英语选修四Unit4Everyday economics-UsingLanguage课件
Grmmar
social credit
Credit, or the offering of money loans for repayment, has existed since the Bronze Age. For most of this history, lenders relied mainly on their subjective judgement when deciding whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. With the development of information technology and data analysis, more and more countries are building their own credit systems with objective credit rating methods. People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc., are recorded and scored, and will affect their future creditworthiness.
Ask for clarification • How did that happen? • What's that? • Could you tell me more about it?
• How is that so? • What does that mean?
Clarifying
• Let me explain.
Unit4 Understanding ideas 课件-高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册
Pre - reading
Based on the picture below, please predict what's the girl's career?
Maybe she starts a business of flowers .
Thinking
Extensive reading
Read the passage quickly and finish the questions.
Showing
Interview notes
Programme Young start-ups
Interviewee Zhang Yue
Occupation 1C__h_a_ir_w__o_m_a_n_ of Rose Valley Co., Ltd
Date
26 April
GenIenratelnssitiuveatrieoandoinf gthe company • One of the best rose products in Asia. • A major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics 2 ___w_a_s___ _w_i_ll_in_g__t_o_p_u_r_c_h_a_s_e_h_e_r_p_r_o_d_u_c_t_a_n_d__h_e_lp__with _it_s____ _d_is_t_r_ib_u_t_i_o_n__________________.
Reasons for starting a business in her home town
• 3 __I_d_e_a_l_c_o_n_d_i_ti_o_n_s_ for growing roses. • Experiencing the freedom of 4 __b_e_i_n_g_h_e_r__o_w_n__b_o_s_s_. • 5 _G__i_v_in_g__s_o_m_e_t_h_in__g_b_a_c_k__to__h_e_r_h_o_m__e_t_o_w_n_______.
外研版高中英语必修四课文文本(7月20日).pdf
Module 1 ReadingThe City of the FutureWhat will the city of the future look like? No one knowsfor sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But onething is certain—they are going to get bigger before they getsmaller. In the future, care for the environment will becomevery important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had:Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city willload huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towardsthe sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.Cultural CornerFamous Last WordsNot all predictions come true. Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:AIRPLANES"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright, 1908. COMPUTERS"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943. CLOTHES"Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times."Changing Times Magazine, 1957. MEN ON THE MOON"With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon."Arnold B. Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962. THE BEATLES"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962. ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE"By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about."New York Times, 1966.KEYS"By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a keyunder the doormat again, because there won't be anykeys."Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium, 1979.Module 2 ReadingGetting Around in BeijingTaxisTaxis are on the streets 24 hours a day. Simply raise yourhand, and a taxi appears in no time. They are usually red, andthey display the price per kilometre on the window. Youshould check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.Buses and trolleybusesPublic transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded. It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour (6:30 a.m.–8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.–6:30 p.m.). Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.Most buses run from about 5:00 a.m. to midnight. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.MinibusesMinibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours. UndergroundThere are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction. Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.PedicabsTourists like these human-pedalled "tricycle taxis", but they can be expensive. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.Cultural CornerThe London Congestion ChargeBeijing isn't the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now theUSA's most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and builtbefore cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part ofdaily life for a long time. The situation in central London,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a "congestion charge"—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m. As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of £80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom ...But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.Module 3 ReadingGreetings Around the WorldIf you say the word "communication", most people thinkof words and sentences. Although these are very important,we communicate with more than just spoken and writtenwords. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call "bodylanguage". We see examples of unconscious body languagevery often, yet there is also "learned" body language, whichvaries from culture to culture.We use "learned" body language when we are introduced to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax. So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand—the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. So the gesture is saying, "I trust you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon." If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them. We shake hands when we make a deal. It means, "We agree and we trust each other."Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a "salaam", where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the expression, "Give me five!" One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a "high five". Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!Cultural CornerClappingWhy do we clap? To show we like something, of course. But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. First they give, and then we give. Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings. In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part. Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, andof equality between actors and audience. The important thingwas to make the noise together, to add one's own smallhandclap to others. Clapping is social, like laughter: you don'tvery often clap or laugh out loud alone. It is like laughter inanother way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly. Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit. But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another. For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.Module 4 ReadingThe Student Who Asked QuestionsIn a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is theworld's largest producer. Rice is also grown in many otherAsian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. Inthe rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping,is a leading figure.Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, "the student who asks questions".From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. The research was supported by the government.As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.Cultural CornerRocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot "arrows of flying fire". The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?Module 5 ReadingA Trip Along the Three GorgesIn August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take a boat downstream.We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, "You shouldn't go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods andpeople trading along the river. They don't stop at the temples and there won't be any other foreigners." That sounded fine to me. We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts along the river's edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains. "Oh, well," my friend said, "at least we have two more left."At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history along the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren't allowed to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. "Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River," it said.Cultural CornerPostcards to MyselfIn 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visitedevery country in the world, except three. And everywhere hegoes, he sends himself a postcard. He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp. Usually he writes just a short message to himself. His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing.On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world. There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it. "It's good to get a pin in the map," says Mr McCorquodale, "but I follow the rules. I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've been in a place for more than 24 hours." Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places. New Zealand he describes as "wonderful". In Europe, Italy is a favourite place. "There's a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off. Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile." Of China he says,"This is one country in the world which is completely different. There's no European influence. It's been around for 6,000 years, yet it's a country of the future."Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him aphoto of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secretpocket, and a pen for writing his postcards.So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel? MrMcCorquodale laughs. "I do it for the journey," he says. "Iget a kick out of travelling. And all the planning."Module 6 ReadingThe Monster of Lake TianchiThe "Monster of Lake Tianchi" in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. "It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peaksaw it," he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its headlooked like a horse.In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim theysaw an animal moving on the surface of the water. Thesoldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake,watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. "Itwas greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns", one of the soldiers said.A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.Cultural CornerThe Universal DragonDragons can be friendly or fierce, they can bring goodluck or cause death and destruction, but one thing is sure—people talk about them almost everywhere in the world. For acreature that doesn't actually exist, that's quite something.In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable. The dragon was closely connected to the royal family: the emperor's robes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws. Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour. According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader.But in the west, dragons had a different reputation. The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight. However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a positive symbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity.Why should the dragon have a different character indifferent parts of the world? Some experts believe it is due tothe animals the myths grew out of. In the west, the idea of thedragon probably came from the snake—an animal which people hated and were afraid of.But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator—a shy animal which lives in rivers, but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water—a good sign for agriculture. So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.。