Unit 11 文化与汉英翻译

传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它 们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三 鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个 标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订 婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。
The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves 6 necessary procedures, namely: match-making, engagement, betrothal presents, meeting the bride, three bows, and drinking wedlock wine. In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is engaged, what followed is a choice of the date of their marriage.
good harvests) • 戏曲 • traditional opera • 杂耍 • variety show
[春节的有关词汇]
• 灯谜 • riddles written on lanterns • 灯会 • exhibit of lanterns • 守岁 • staying-up • 拜年 • pay New Year’s call; give New Year’s
[春节的有关词汇]
• 年画 • New Year paintings • 买年货 • special purchases for the Spring Festival ;
do Spring Festival shopping • 敬酒 • propose a toast • 灯笼 • lantern: a portable light
◆4. 文化融合（the Integration Model） 源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合， 以一种新语言形式进入译语。
如： 卡拉OK/CD机/X光片/GRE考试/GDP增 长速度/干红中干源于英语dry, 表示 not sweet
◆5.文化归化(the Adaptation Model) ---源 语表达形式略去,代之以译语的形式，源 语文化意义丧失。 例：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.
lunar New Year gift
春节的有关词汇]
• 辞旧岁 • bid farewell to the old year • 扫房 • spring cleaning; general house-cleaning • 年糕 • Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake • 团圆饭 • family reunion dinner
Part III 译例分析
• 春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传 统节日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征 着一年辛劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也 象征了喜庆。
The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival in China. It is usually a time between late January or early February, which means rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a year’s toil, and means celebration as well.
[春节的有关词汇]
• 年夜饭 • the dinner on New Year‘s Eve • 饺子 • Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli • 汤圆 • Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice,
rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings
中国文化与汉英翻译
Unit 11
• 教学目的要求：了解中国文化及 其翻译。
• 教学重点：了解如何翻译典型的 中国文化的篇章。
• 教学难点：中国文化中的有关专 有名词。
Part I. 语言与文化
• 文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的 社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作 用时建立起来的，是一个社会的物质文明 和精神文明的总和。
greetings; New Year’s visit
[春节的有关词汇]
• 禁忌 • taboo • 去晦气 • get rid of the ill-fortune • 祭祖宗
• offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors
• 压岁钱 • gift money; money given to children as a
[春节的有关词汇]
• 过年 • Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival • 对联 • poetic couplet: two successive rhyming
lines in poetry • 春联 • Spring Festival couplets • 剪纸 • paper-cuts
[春节的有关词汇]
• 烟花 • Fireworks • 爆竹 • firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts
with the loud pop.) • 红包 • red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper,
婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。 人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里 共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等。
The wedding ceremony is usually presided warmly, and the wedding ceremony very often ends with a very extravagant banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, eternal love and happiness, early birth of a healthy baby and so on.
春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴
大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为 了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜， 一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主 食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。
Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates, and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving a demon named Nian away. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a get-together banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune.
中国传统节日
• 春节(农历正月初一) • the Spring Festival （New Year‘s Day of the
Chinese lunar calendar） • 元宵节 (灯节) (农历正月十五) • the Lantern Festival • 清明节(四月五日前后) • the Qingming Festival
中国传统节日
• 端午节(农历五月初五) • the Dragon-Boat Festival • 中秋节(农历八月十五) • the Mid-Autumn Festival （the Moon
Festival） • 重阳节(农历九月初九) • the Double-Ninth Day • 情人节(农历七月初七) • the Double-Seventh Day
在新年的第一天，每人都穿上新衣服，走 亲访友并且鞠躬祝福，为的是新年能有好 运气。
On the first day of the new year, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and congratulations wishing each other the best during the new year.
Exercise：译例分析2
• 中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的 民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族， 结婚仪式都很复杂。
China is a large country with 56 nationalities. Different nationalities have different marriage customs, but whatever the nationality is, the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated.
◆2. 文化阻断(the Block Model)—源语文 化表达形式消失，文化意义没有进入译入 语语篇。
主要是自谦语：
鄙人（I），贱内(my wife)，浅谈(on)
◆3.文化诠释(the Annotation Model)---为 源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。
•炒锅：开始翻译成round-bottomed frying pan ----- frying wok
文化与语言的关系
• 语言与文化相辅相成，语言是文化的重要 组成部分，也是文化赖以传播的物质表达 形式。（李运兴)
• 语言和文化共生，共存。（游汝杰) • Language is a substantial but partial
reflection of a culture. (Newmark, 1991:73)
Part II. 文化的处理模式
◆1.文化直入（the Go-ahead Model）-源语文化表达形式直接进入译文。
• 采用音译或直译: 阴阳（yin and yang），旗 袍 (qipao, cheongsam)，气功(qigong)，开放 (kaifang)，江湖(jianghu)
• 直译如：hot-dog （热狗）五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beauty
•大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统 节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过， 有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先 生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样 就是双喜临门了。
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Most people would favor a bank holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding. However, quite a few others, especially those in the countryside, would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date(usually an even number)so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.
symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)
[春节的有关词汇]
• 舞狮 • lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to
dispel evil and bring good luck.) • 舞龙 • dragon dance (to expect good weather and