ICAO英语考试总结
ICAO英语考试总结5篇
ICAO英语考试总结5篇第一篇：ICAO英语考试总结1234567准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少，在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。
手打难免错漏，请见谅，考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊祝逢考必过我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUND WHISTLE言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI（oral proficiency interview）OPI包含5个部分：1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up一）vocabulary(最后附有各个系统专业词汇)对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳三个应答机特殊编码：编码自己查不便说。
从小到大分别是hijack , radio failure , distress conditions PAN PAN和MAYDAY的区别：PANPAN：need assistance timelyurgency situation MAYDAY：need assistance immediatelydistress situation 乘务员 flight/cabin attendant驾驶舱职权梯度cockpit authority gradient 机库 hangar接通/断开自驾engage/disengage AP 地形 terrain人因human factors 活物牲畜livestock绕飞 detour 界面交界处 interface修改modify amend 试车engine runup烂泥 slush 减速妨碍 retard积累accumulation 湿度 humidity降雨量 precipitation 气喘asthma腹泻 diarrhea 调度签派 dispatch信号员marshaller 开往驶往 Bound for放油fuel dumpjettison 预期anticipate污染 contaminate 外形 configuration致命的fatal 分院branchflight college炸药 dynamite 手榴弹grenade恢复 revert Human error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens.one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accident IRS: inertial reference system 惯性基准系统干预 interfere配件附件accessory 气动的pneumatic有形的具体的 concrete 临界的 marginal连续touch and go 起落Traffic circuit补充 replenish 全停full stop物质物品 substance 拉紧绷紧 strain踝关节ankle肘部 elbow 对正跑道align the runwayPOB: people onboard 改装训练 transition training劫机犯hijacker 陆空对话 radiotelephony communication前轮转弯机构 nose wheel steering执行 execute疏散evacuation 机长的四条杠的含义： 1 flying skill 2knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility 提供饮食及服务cater（主要在地面装载时会用到）RNP----required navigation performance 所需导航性能 RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度二）几个主要系统组成及功用 1LANDING GEAR SYSTEM很多图是关于重着陆，事故以及事故症候的，事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况，damaged，unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情况，所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
英语学习：ICAO 广汉问答题答案总结
What is your name?Can you tell us something about your hobby/hobbies/interests?I have a lot of hobbies. Such as sport, traveling, reading, play PC games and so on. My favorite sport is football. In holidays and at weekends I always play football with my friends. Also I like jogging in the morning.Yeah. I like sports. I like playing basketball. I like walking outside for fresh air. In weekends, I like shopping and traveling with my families. Also I like watching TV and reading.Why do you like it?It will make me healthy. / It helps me to relax and reduce my workload.Can you tell me something about your hometown?XXX is my hometown. It locates in the northeast /middle/northern part of China.It has Famous Taihang Mountain /XXX is a famous heavy industry city. /It is famous for many delicious food fresh fruits, such as...北方城市In winter it’s very cold, but the scenery is beautiful when it snows. Also it is a good place for winter sports such as skiing and skatingYes. My hometown is in Changzhou. It is a modern and clean city in Jiangsu province near the Yangtze River. It has beautiful landscape风景of rivers and small bridges. The people there are very friendly.Where do you come from?Can you tell me about where you live (Shanghai)?Now I’m living in Shanghai, the economic center of China经济中心. It’s an international city; it’s big, modern and beautiful. The population is about 20 million. If you have time, I strongly recommend you to visit Shanghai, and I‘d like to be your guide.What about your family?I am lucky that I have a good family. My wife is very nice (virtuous贤惠的) , she is an engineer. She often gives me a lot of support on my life and my work. By the way, l will be a father in this may. My family is full of happiness. I love my family very much.There are 3 people in my family, my wife, my daughter and I. My wife is very kind (virtuous贤惠的) . She works in airchina Airlines. My daughter is a lovely girl.She is a pupil in BEIJING. My family is full of happiness.Why did you choose to be a pilot?To be a pilot is my dream since I was a child, so I worked very hard to realize my dream. I think pilot is a good and challenging job. We can fly in the sky freely. I feel proud of my job.Do you like your job?Yes, I like it very much. I think it is a very good job. It’s challenging and it needs great responsibility.What advantages优势do you think of your job?What are the things you like about your current job?As a pilot, I have a lot of chances of travelling at the stops during flights. I can visit different places to feel different cultures and taste delicious foods. Moreover, the salary/income is not bad.What about the disadvantages?Firstly, this job needs strong responsibility for the whole flight; we are in charge of the safety of passengers, air crews as well as the aircraft, which makes us always be under pressure.Secondly, as you know pilot is a hard job. Especially after long distance flight, I always feel tired, and also need adjust jet leg.Thirdly, pilots have to work in high sky radioactive environment, which is harmful to our health.How long have you been a pilot, a captain?How long have you been working?I have been a pilot for 13 years. I have serviced in air force for ten years, before I work in XXXo. So I am still a copilot now.How long have you been working there?I have been working there for 4 years.You have been a pilot for 13 years. How many hours have you flown?I have flown for about 2000 hours.What’s your routine日常事务(everyday) work?Every day, at first I check whether I will fly or not, then I do some preparation of my flight, and I finish my flight safely and on time.Every day, I begin my work at about 8:00. Then I deal with some materials of unusual events of northern China area. Sometimes I do some investigations, analysis of the unusual events and write out the reports. Besides, I have to attend some meetings. I’m off duty (I finish my work) at 5:00 p.m. everyday. What kinds of cargo do you carry?1What are the things you like about your current job?What airline do you fly for?2What are your main routes?Are some routes more difficult than others?What are the different duties of a pilot of a passenger plane?How do pilots cooperate with ATC controllers in maintaining flight safety?1. What kind of aircraft do you fly?I fly B777 now.2. Do you fly or have you flown any other aircraft?Yes. I have flown Yun-5, Illion-14 and 737 ，747.3. Which aircraft do you like to fly?I like to fly Boeing family because it is controlled by traditional controlwheel and more advanced.4. What’s the difference between B747 and B777?747 has 4 engines ，it has the best security ，but 777has2engines，it most advanced electronic equipment but different in take-off and landing weight.5. You mean the design of the plane is the same? So, which types do youprefer?I prefer B767.Why?I think B767 is more comfortable. It has a larger space in the cockpit. ( Thecockpit is larger)6. Where is your company base?In beijing.7．What are your main routes?Our main routes are domestic routes. There are some international routes.I fly both domestic and international routes. They are all regularly-scheduledpassenger flight.4．Are some routes more difficult than others?Yeah. I think domestic routes are more difficult. International routes are more standard and domestic routes are more casual.5．What are the different duties of a pilot of a passenger plane?The main duty of him is to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers. Meeting with the situation of emergency, he has to evacuate the passengers to the safe areas.6．How do pilots cooperate with ATC controllers in maintaining flight safety?They should use standard phraseology to communicate with ATC and express表达their intention意图clearly.7．What are the main duties of the captain?First of all, the chief duty of the captain is to ensure the safety of the airplane and passengers.Secondly, the captain has to follow the standard regulations and procedures to control the aircraft.Last (but not least), he has to complete every flight safely and on time.What did the pilots do when they found the problem? How did the ATC help?If you faced an emergency situation in flight, where you felt that the plane was likely to crash, what would you do?What is the most important thing in dealing with the unusual events?Can you describe what you notice in the first picture?What circumstances do you think have led to this situation?How could they have been avoided?1. Have you had any abnormal situations? Describe any unusual events youhave experienced that occurred to an aircraft during a flight.Yes, I remembered that there was an abnormal situation in bad weather.It was in 1982, we flew a scheduled night flight from ChongQing to Chengdu. The type of the aircraft was Illosion-14 which has two engines andhas no weather radar on board. There were 6 crew members on board,including the captain, first officer, navigator, radio operator, mechanic in thecockpit and one flight attendant in the cabin. I was the navigator. It carried 12pasengers on board. The weather condition at that time was poor. Therewere thunderstorm, heavy rain and lighting near the airport. After the take-off, we followed the controller’s clearance to maintain runway heading andclimbed to FL1200 meters. Suddenly, the aircraft encountered a severeturbulence and lighting. The windshield was broken and we were caught inCB. So I asked the captain to turn back immediately. Then we contacted Chongqing tower to request landing instruction. And we reported that therewas one passenger injured and requested medical assistance as soon as possible. Then Chongqing tower cleared us to join left downwind and descendto 500 meters on QFE to land on runway 01. About 15 minutes later, welanded safely. After landing, we vacated runway and taxied to the apron. All the crew members checked the aircraft and found that the left wing was struckby the lightening and there were a lot of ice accumulation on the wing surface.We had to fix the aircraft.2. When you fly in the sky, if you meet with the wind shear, how would younotice the tower?The first reaction反应is to control the aircraft and complete the checklist. Then we must report to the ATC. Besides, the captain will decide whether to hold or divert to the alternate.2．What did the pilots do when they found the problem? How did the ATC help?First, the pilot should control the aircraft and accomplished the checklist.Then he should contact the controller and tell his intention to ATC.Later, he has to further complete ATC’s instruction.3．If you faced an emergency situation in flight, where you felt that the planewas likely to crash,I think the plane was likely to crash during the critical stage of takeoff andlanding.What would you do?First of all, I would quickly calm down and make a correct judgement.Then I would ask the crew members to do their own responsibilities. At the same time, I would keep the aircraft attitude according to standard procedures.4．What is the most important thing in dealing with (处理)the unusual events?I think the most important thing is to keep calm.Then the captain should control the aircraft attitude and ask the crewmembers to do their own responsibilities.At last, they should report to ATC and request ATC instruction and groundhelp.5．Picture TalkingPlease look at the pictures in front of you.(1). Can you describe what you notice in the first picture?Ok, in the first picture, there are two aircrafts collided with each other. I know this accident. The left aircraft was the airplane of Xiamen airline. It was in about 1987, the left aircraft was hijacked and controlled by the hijacker. So it landed rolling off the runway and collided to another aircraft which is holding at the apron in Baiyun airport. After the collision, the aircraft was on fire and separated. So the ground rescue and fire fighting services were carried out. Some people were killed and some were injured.(2)．What circumstances do you think have led to this situation?It was because of the hijack which had interrupted the control of the aircraft.(3)．How could they have been avoided?First and foremost(最为重要的是), in dealing with such kind of situation, ensuring safety is always the No.1 principle(原则).The pilot should not land blindly（盲目）but to maintain safety first. If the hijacker wanted to fly to a place, the pilots can follow his intention and fly to that place.Then he can solve the situation through other ways.Have you taken any English tests in the past?Have you ever been to this town before?Where would you like to travel for a holiday?Do you have any plans to make a visit here?1. When was your first flight?My first flight was in CAFUC in 1978. Our training aircraft was Yun-5. I was nervous when I first fly. But I was very exciting because I came to thesky.2. Did you do any training in CAFUC here?Yes, I had my basic flight training here.3.What do you think of the training facilities herein 1970s?Can you describe this school in 1970s?In 1970s, this school was small and not well-equipped. There were few students and majors(专业). But the teachers there were very good.What about today?Now, there are a lot of advanced equipments, a big library and new aircrafts for training. It has become a comprehensive university.4. What other places have you been trained?Do you have any other training in any other places?Yes. I have been trained in Seattle, Newzealand, Kunming, Zhuhai and Beijing. Pilots must have their one-week simulator training twice a year.Where did you do your simulator training?I did my simulator training in Seattle, Newzealand, Kunming, Zhuhai andBeijing.5. Did you do any simulator training recently?Yes. I had my simulator training recently in Kunmking in Febrary this year.6. When did you start learning English?I started learning English since middle high school. Most of the time, Ilearn English by myself.7. Did you do any exams or courses in English? / Have you taken any Englishtests in the past?Yes, I have passed the exam of radiotelephony communication.8. Do you enjoy English?Yes, I like it very much. I think it is very important for pilots.9. You have been in CAFUC for 3 years, now you have been come back toCAFUC for English training. Do you have some good memories?Yes, I do.First, I think this school is becoming more and more beautiful.Secondly, I met some of my teachers and old classmates. I feel very happy to see them again.10. Would you like to keep learning English?Of course, I will never throw English away.I will keep learning English in the future.11．Have you ever been to this town before?Yes, I graduated from here.I’m familiar with Guanghan.12．Where would you like to travel for a holiday?I would like to go to some seaside cities, such as Qingdao, Dalian and Sanya. 13．Do you have any plans to make a visit here?Not yet. I have no time now.Thank you. That is the end of the interview.1、Are your colleagues easy to work with?在工作中你与同事易于相处吗？你与你的同事在工作中易于相处吗？工作中你的同事易于相处吗？If you ask me:” Are your colleagues easy to work with? ”, my answer is: ”Affirmative”,Because of we go along with each other quite well, such as we support each other in our work and have discussions whenever necessary, draw lessons from each other, share come through experiences. we are pillars for each other, When I going along with my colleagues, In my mind, co-operations are vital.如果你问我：“在工作中你的同事易于相处吗？”，我的回答是：“肯定的”因为我们在一起相处得相当融洽，如：我们在工作中互相支持并在任何必要的时候进行讨论，互相吸取教训、分享成功经验；我们互相支撑，在我看来（依我之见）当与同事共处时，合作是至关重要的。
ICAO考试OPI问题整理及答案
1.could you tell me something about ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)1).ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)2). function :common and popular in international airports to reduce the working load of ATC controller, to enhance control frequency utility3). the information included in ATIS are: meteorological information(SURFACE wind, temperature, dew point, RVR，visibility，ONH, ), active RWY,4). 12865 DEPARTURE 1276 arrival, for Beijing international airport5). the code of ATIS shall be updated alphabetically every one hour, the departure and arrival codes should not be using the same letter.2.in case of communication failure, what should youdo1)the controller should make sure whether the transmitter or the receiver is troubled.2)Blind transmitting 盲发, in case of the unknown situation.3)Try to send a message to the troubled aircraft via other pilots.4)Clear the present level the aircraft is using, and arrange an emergency avoidance紧急避让5)Set the squawk A76006)When the situation happens on the ground, ask atow car to tug the aircraft to the safe place3.could you tell me about the holding pattern1)Holding pattern is a pre-published aircraft mavenour used for rush-hour, delays, runway incursion or separation on route, to let the aircraft waiting in the air for further instructions.]2)Parallel entrance/ off-set entrance/direct(straight-in ) entrance3)Hold at VYK at 5100meters,(hold on to 210 radial ofCH VOR between 25MILES and 30 miles east of xxx at 5000FT,Inbound track 360 degrees, Left-handpattern, outbound time 1 minute4.in case of air-crash, what should you do1）The controller should remain calm and report the accident to the supervisor.2）Provide emergency services including first aid, fire services, ambulances, and so on3）Contact pertinent department, arrange emergency avoidance for other aircrafts.4）To cooperate with the accident research team5.what the air-traffic controller do in the low-visibility condition1) .the reason of the low-visibility is heavy fog2) Mostly happen in the northern part of china, in winter3) As the controller, firstly ask for the pilot’s intention; secondly, ask the pilot to report the position; thirdly notify the pertinent unit sectors. 4）ask the metrological department to send weather updates to keep informed of the weather condition 5) Arrange the follow-me car service for low-visibility operations6.could you tell us something about the difference between the instrument approach and visual approach1) instrument App is more precise and accurate than visual app, and can provide smaller separation for aircrafts, thus increase the safety and efficiency for operation2) pilot’s responsibility for safety---visaul, controller’s responsibility for safety—instrument3) visual app has a higher standard for weather condition than instrument app4）目视进近间隔可以小于仪表进近间隔，但是必须要大于尾流间隔，目视进近对机长的要求更高。
英语考试总结
英语考试总结英语考试总结(集锦15篇)总结是事后对某一阶段的学习或工作情况作加以回顾检查并分析评价的书面材料，它可以使我们更有效率，让我们好好写一份总结吧。
但是总结有什么要求呢？以下是小编收集整理的英语考试总结，欢迎阅读与收藏。
英语考试总结1一学期一度的集团联考结束了。
七年级英语没有达到学校目标“保三争二”。
只是取得集团的第四名。
从这次联考的成绩来看，可以看出我们整体的英语教学还是存在着很多的问题。
主要为以下几点：一、对教材的深度挖掘不够。
课前准备不足导致课堂效率低下。
有时上课前做的准备不足，对学生需掌握的各知识点不能全面覆盖，导致课堂效率和课堂气氛受到影响。
今后的主要目标还是放在如何把更多的时间放在指导好学生在教学的同时进一步提高学生学习英语的兴趣。
二、基础知识打得不牢，从集团联考复习过程来看学生们对所学过的知识掌握的不牢固，无论是语法还是词汇都没有达到应该具有的知识水平。
因此，从补课期间，就开始对以前所学的知识让学生们该背的背，不管学习成绩高低，一律看待。
效果应该会很明显的。
三、辅优扶困做得很不到位，从本次联考的成绩来看优秀生没有达到优秀生的标准，学困生也没有上来。
说明这方面的做法是失败的。
今后的主要精力课堂上要照顾大部分中等生和后进生身上，课下多找些资料给优秀生去指导，去向他们提更高的要求。
这样才会取得更好的成绩。
四、学生的思想工作没有做好，现在好多学生不但是中等生连部分优秀生的思想状态还没有紧张起来。
如果继续这样的话，期末的成绩很难想象。
不要认为只有班主任才对学生做思想工作，任何一个学科的.教师都有教育学生的责任。
同时思想工作做到了位，首先对自己的学科教学的益。
为此，每天坚持找一两个学生谈心，找出他们的思想问题，注意帮助他们树立中考的思想。
坚持每星期都对自己的英语学习过程当中出现的主要思想问题班内强调。
使他们的思想得到统一，这样自己的教学才会减少阻力，才能向更高的目标前进。
总之，有所发现后要有所改进，我也不希望自己在原地踏步，在英语教学方面，我还应该多听课，多学习。
ICAO英语四级资料：ICAO部分真题整理
▪ Control, ACA ×× intercept emergency call from LDH ××. He has a fuel emergency, and the position of LDH ××.
▪ Who declares a fuel emergency?
▪ Control : there has traffic in your 11 clock ,from left to right.
▪ Pilots: due to anti-ice inoperative, request descend .
▪ ATC: Flight level××-×× has moderate turbulence ,caution please.
▪ Why did the crew request descend. ▪ Due to moderate turbulence ▪ Due to anti-ice malfunction
▪ 这部分有画外音，而且有时需要复诵的内容 很短，需要仔细听。
▪ 第四部分OPI
▪ 开始是一些简单问题，如谈谈你的家庭，以及你的工作，你 服务机型等等
▪ 图片是关于尾流（wake turbulence ）图中有两部分上面一 部分是一架飞机飞行示意图标有高度距离和rotation point,下 面是截取的一架飞机翼尖漩涡（vortex）。
第四部分opi开始是一些简单问题如谈谈你的家庭以及你的工作你服务机型等等图片是关于尾流waketurbulence图中有两部分上面一部分是一架飞机飞行示意图标有高度距离和rotationpoint下面是截取的一架飞机翼尖漩涡vortex
6月9日ICAO部分真题整理
▪ 第一部分听力选择题
民航英语ICAO复习
民航英语ICAO复习If emergency evacuation is necessary, how will you execute it?If I have to carry out the emergency evacuation, before landing, I will inform ATC that we are going to carry out the emergency evacuation and request the emergency services on arrival. And I will tell the cabin crew to ask them to be ready for emergency evacuation after landing. And I will make a passenger announcement, just like “ladies and gentlemen, this is ca ptain speaking. Don’t worry! We are experienced crew, and we can control this situation. We can ensure your safety. After landing follow the flight attendants’instruction to evacuate the aircraft as soon as possible ,thank you for your cooperation”!After landing, I will try my best to stop the aircraft on the runway. Then I will tell the purser to evacuate from left or right. After the procedure is completed in the cockpit, I will ask my first officer to go to help the cabin crew to evacuate the passengers. At last, as a captain, I should ensure I am the last one to leave the aircraft.Do you think simulator training is important/necessary/useful? Why?I think simulator training is very important. It can help us to be familiar with abnormal or emergency situations and the related procedures. We can practice standard call out, communication with ATC and cooperation with other flight crew. We can practice the way to carry out the ECAM action, and we can improve our flying skills. Practice makes perfect. When we actually encounter the abnormal situation in flight, we can deal with it quickly and correctly.Say something about RVSM.RVSM stands for reduced vertical separation minimum, it means the vertical separation between FL 290 to FL410 is reduced from 2000 feet to 1000feet. It can increase flight level and increase the capacity of airspace. It can reduce operation delay, and improve efficiency of airline operation. It can reduce the controller’s workload. It is easy for the controllers to adjust the traffic. B ut it increase the pilot’s workload, because the pilots need to watch out carefully to prevent conflict.Say something about CRM.CRM stands for Crew resource management .CRM in the cockpit is to maximize the usage of equipments and cockpit crew. good task sharing and effective communications between crew members are really important for a captain , as for a first officer, to provide information and contributing ideas to help the captain to make a decision is also very helpful.CRM is very important for flight safety, Good CRM can reduce the workload and prevent human errors.Manage a big aircraft with many advanced equipments is now more difficult without proper task sharing .And many mistakes can be identified and prevented by effective communication using CRM. Keeping good CRM can help pilots in reducing mistake and it is very efficient in ensuring flight safety as welll still remember the accident happened in 1993. A BAe146 flew from Yinchuang to Beijin. After startup, the pilot forgot to set the takeoff flaps. Before takeoff, they didn’t carry out the preflight checklist according to the SOP. During takeoff roll, the takeoff configuration warning didn’t sound because it was failed. Then the ac rushed out of the runway. That’s a disaster. We can see several small errors can cause a disaster. If they kept good CRM, they would avoid this disaster.Do you think preflight preparation is important?I think preflight preparation is very important to insure the flight safety. During the preflight preparation, I should get all kinds of information. Such as, weather information, navigation information and aircraft conditions. All of them are very useful to help us to make a safe flight. For example, the weather information. Before flight , I must check the weather on route, and the weather at the destination. If I find there is bad weather on route, I will add more fuel and request to go round the bad weather. Otherwise we will encounter severe turbulence, lightning strike and heavy rain. They are very dangerous for flight. If the weather at the destination below the minimum,, I will delay my flight.What’s the quality and duty of being a pilot?I think being a pilot, the most important thing is to ensure the flight safety. In order to get this target, he must have the following qualities: first, he must have strong sense of responsibility. he should carry the passengers from city to city safely. At the same time, he should provide comfortable services with other crew members to the passengers. Secondly, he must have excellent flying skills. If something abnormal happens, he can deal with it quickly and correctly. thirdly, he should have a good understanding of CRM. CRM is very important for flight safety .Good CRM can reduce workload and prevent human errors. Finally because this job is very stressful, he must have a healthy body.Do you think English is very important?I think English is very important for pilots to ensure flight safety, because ECAM messages are displayed in English, and the operation manuals and checklists are all written in English. In theinternational flight, we have to communicate with foreign controllers in English to get information to ensure flight safety. I think English is also very useful. It is a tool which can help us to communicate with people from other countries. It can enlarge my scope of view, so I can get more information from the world. Everytime I must use the English in my flight. Because I must make the passenger announcement. For example if I must carry out the emergency evacuation ,I must make a passenger announcement. Just like :” ladies and gentlemen, this is captain speaking. Don’t worry! We are experienced crew, and we can control this situation. We can ensure your safety. After landing follow the flight attendants’instruction to evacuate the ac as soon as possible ,thank you for you cooperation”How should pilots cooperate with ATC to ensure the flight safety?I think firstly the pilots should follow the ATC clearance or instructions strictly.Because you know, many incidents or unsafe events result from misunderstandingof ATC’s instructions. secondly, if you encounter some emergency situation, suchas medical emergency, or system failure, you need to report to ATC controller immediately and try to get as much assistance as possible. So good communicationbetween ATC and pilot can play an important role in maintaining flight safety.Do you think RVSM can solve all problems of traffic congestion?No , I don’t think so.First, I think it only releases the en-route congestion.Second, we have a lot of delays that are caused by the flow control and militaryactivities/operations. The RVSM cannot solve them.Third, some problems of traffic congestion are caused by the weather. For example,If we encounter the heavy thunderstorm or dense fog, we have to wait.What we can do is to co-operate/co-ordinate with the ATC.What is the purpose of RVSM ?The purpose is to increase the air flow. It can reduce the traffic congestion.To increase the capacity (ability) of the same routes to cope with increasingtraffic .c) How to improve CRM?First the captain must improve the communication between other crew members.Effective communication is very important for the pilot to ensure the flight safty.Second the power gradient between captain and first officer should be appropriate .if the power gradient is very high. The first officer will be afraid of the captain.And he can not help the captain to make a decision when they encounter an emergency situation.Third the cockpit crew should focus on what is right (not who is right ) whensolving a problem6. Can you tell me about your hobbies or interests?I am very busy ,so I have no spare time.。
ICAO复习
ICAO复习OPI 11. How long have you been working as an air traffic controller?你作为一名管制员工作多长时间了？I have working as an air traffic controller 7years 。
I graduated in 2009 in CAUC.Now I am an approach controller with my unit.2. Are you proud of yourself as a controller? Why?你作为一名管制员感到自豪吗？为什么？Yes,of course I am proud as an A TC. Because being a controller , I think our work is an honorable work, we make sure the safety of the people`s life and the property.just as the saying go ,ATC we guide you home!our responsible is to ensure the safe orderly efficient flow of traffic,3.Could you give a general introduction of the area/or airspace under your control?你能对你指挥下的区域或空间做一个简单的介绍吗？I`m a approach controller, in my control area,the size is polygon ,the legth is 200KM,the width is about 300KM, there are three transfer of control points .one is in the south for sanya area control .the other two in the north for zhanjiang area control.and in this airspace ,wo control the aircraft which is below 7200M.Let’s talk a bout missed approach4. Have you ever controlled a flight which made a missed approach?你曾经指挥过做复飞的飞机吗？Yes,of course.I am used to be a tower controller,i have ever controller so many flights which made miss approach during bad weather.such as windshear poor visbility or typhoon day。
2024年民用航空器维修人员执照英语考试
2024年民用航空器维修人员执照英语考试全文共四篇示例，供您参考第一篇示例：2024年民用航空器维修人员执照英语考试在航空业的发展中，民用航空器维修人员扮演着至关重要的角色。
他们负责确保飞机的安全和可靠性，为乘客提供安全的飞行环境。
对于民用航空器维修人员的技能和知识水平有着严格的要求。
为了评估维修人员的英语能力和专业知识，2024年民用航空器维修人员执照考试将进行相应调整，以确保维修人员的综合素质和安全技能。
考试将覆盖广泛的航空知识和专业技能。
维修人员需要熟悉飞机的结构和系统，了解航空材料和航空工程学等基础知识。
对于飞机维修的各个环节和程序也需要掌握，包括检查、维修和测试等。
在新的考试中，这些内容将更加贴近实际操作，突出实用性和实践性，以更好地满足航空器维修人员的实际需求。
英语能力将成为考试的重要组成部分。
作为国际通用的交流语言，良好的英语能力是维修人员必备的技能之一。
考试将涉及英语听力、口语、阅读和写作等方面，以评估考生的英语综合水平。
在现实工作中，航空器维修人员需要与国际乘务人员和技术专家进行交流，因此优秀的英语能力将成为他们的竞争优势。
2024年民用航空器维修人员执照考试还将引入新的技术内容。
随着数字化技术和智能化设备在航空维修领域的应用，维修人员需要掌握相关的信息技术和技术设备操作技能。
新考试中将加入数字化维修技术、远程诊断和智能设备维护等内容，以适应行业技术的不断更新和发展。
对于考试的准备，考生需要系统地复习航空知识和维修技能，并加强英语学习提高自己的语言表达能力。
了解最新的数字化维修技术和智能设备运用也将成为备考的重点。
在备考过程中，可以参加针对性的培训和模拟考试，从而更好地适应新的考试形式和内容。
2024年民用航空器维修人员执照英语考试将更加全面地评估考生的维修技能、英语能力和技术水平，以适应航空行业的发展和要求。
考生需要注重综合素质的提高，不断学习和更新知识，从而更好地满足行业的需求，为航空安全和发展做出更大的贡献。
icao900句评分标准
icao900句评分标准
ICAO900句是一种评分标准，主要用于评估英语口语考试的成绩。
以下是ICAO900句评分标准的主要要点：
1. 语法和词汇使用准确性：考生需要使用正确的语法结构和适
当的词汇来表达自己的意思。
句子应该具有清晰的主语和谓语，并且
符合英语表达习惯。
2. 句子的流利度和自然度：考生应该能够流利地表达自己的意
见和想法，避免重复词汇或表达思维的不连贯。
句子应该以自然的节
奏和韵律被发出，而不是慢慢吞吞或者结结巴巴。
3. 句子的连贯性和逻辑性：考生的句子应该具有清晰的逻辑关系，能够按照一定的思路进行组织和表达。
句子之间的过渡应该流畅，避免突兀或不相关的内容。
4. 内容的充实性和相关性：考生应该能够提供充实而相关的信
息和细节来支持自己的观点和陈述。
句子应该具备一定的信息量，而
不仅仅是简单的重复或表面性的内容。
5. 发音和语音的准确性：考生的发音应该清晰、准确，符合英
语的语音规则。
重要的是要正确地发出单词和句子中的重音，并且能
够正确地发音各种音素和辅音。
以上是ICAO900句评分标准的主要内容。
考生在准备口语考试时
应该注重这些要点，以便在考试中获得更好的成绩。
ICAO4考试总结
还有一些新出现的内容，比如涉及runway incursion（跑道入侵）、tail-strike（擦尾）、adverse weather（复杂天气），问及原因、如何避免等。
涉及燃油方面的：legal requirement for fuel quantity, how to refuel the aircraft, what does "minimum fuel" refer to ?accidents concerning fuel emergency.还有关于飞向不熟悉机场（nufamiliar airport)需要注意什么，如果miss the first rapid exit（错过第一个脱离道口）如何处理等。
另外就是关于飞机操纵失去的问题，好像有什么out of control的，我记不清了呵呵。
一、1．If there’s a fight between two passengers on your aircraft, what will you do?Drunk passenger; (If he sits there quietly I `ll do nothing) If he makes trouble, I will ask the sky marshal to control him, or call security staff if necessary.2．If the passenger refused to check-in his over-sized luggage, how do you deal with it?3．If you made a hard landing, how will you explain to your boss?First, I hope this situation will not happen to me. If I made a hard landing, I think I will tell him the truth. It is impossible to hide this because QAR will show the truthof event. On the other hand, as a pilot I should be honest and it is important for flight safety. After the situation , I believe we can learn a lot from this incident. I have make sure I will never make the same mistake again.二、1. Have you ever encountered lighting strike?I believe I can handle the problem properly.2. Why is lighting strike dangerous to safety? If you encounter the lighting strike, what will you do?If I encounter lightning strike, first, I will keep clam. I will leave the lightning area as soon as possible(ASAP); then I need to check the systems and equipments, if there is something abnormal I should divert to the nearest suitable airport. Otherwise, I will continue to fly to the destination.3. How to avoid the lighting strike?First, we should make good use of the onboard weather radar. Second, we should keep a safe distance from the lightning area. Selecting a suitable altitude is also important to avoid lightning strike. I’ll refer to other a/c’s report to avoid it. I think if we make good preparation, we can avoid lightning strike.4. What may cause the pilot to abort the takeoff?During taxiing, if speed is before 100knot and there is a system failure, burst tire, unusual/abnormal noise, takeoff configuration warning, we should reject T/O.If speed is above 100kt but lower than V1 and there is engine failure, windshear warning, fire or fire warning or we think the airplane is unsafe, we should reject T/O.5. How to make rejected takeoff?6. What are the possible consequences if the pilot rejected the takeoff after V1? According to CAAC rules and regulations, pilots should not reject takeoff after V1. If the pilots disobey rules and abort takeoff after V1 ,the a/c may rush out of R/W and it will cause the a/c damage and PAX injuries even accidents.7. Have you ever encountered the air-conditioning system failure in flight?Yes.I have. It happened many years ago and was very unforgettable. Just two months after I became a captain of B737，I flew from TYN to SHA. During cruising at 9600m, I encountered air condition system failure, one pack failed. First I checked the air condition system and found the cabin altitude was rising slowly. Second, I kept calm and followed the SOP, carried out the checklist and informed the ATC ofthis situation and request decent until the cabin altitude was under our control. Then we operated the rest of flight normally. Finally I made a safe landing at SHA.8. What will you do if the air-conditioning system failed in flight?I will check the air condition system if I find the cabin altitude is rising slowly. I will keep calm and follow the SOP, carry out the checklist, inform the ATC of this situation and request decent to lower until the cabin altitude is under control. Then I will continue flying and try to making a safe landing.9. Will you return to land or continue to fly if the air-conditioning system failed in flight?It depends. If the distance is very far from the destination and fuel is not enough, we’ll return for landing. Otherwise, we’ll continue flying to the destination airport.Probe:1.Do you like the in -flight catering?2.Do you have the same food with captain or first officer? Why?According to CAAC rules and regulations, captain and first officer must not eat the same food. If there is something wrong with food, at least one pilot is able to control the aircraft. We have to strictly follow this regulation.3.If your first office is incapacitated what should you do?I will ask air marshal to take my first officer out of cockpit. Then I will ask the purser to make an announcement to find a doctor to help the first officer and a pilot from PAX to help me control the a/c.三、1. How often do you have the recurrent training?2. Which subject is the most difficult for you during the recurrent training?3. What are the differences between the Boeing aircraft and the Airbus aircraft?4. If you have the choice to fly A320 and B747, which one will you choose?5. Do you prefer domestic routes or international routes? Why?I prefer international routes because I can travel around the world, enjoy delicious food, experience different culture and make new friends. And the International routeshave fewer delays and flow controls. After my work for the international routes I can have a longer rest than the domestic routes. Besides, I can also practice my English during flight and in other countries.6. Do you prefer long haul routes or short routes? Why?7. If ATC informs you that they received an anonymous call saying there is a bomb on your aircraft, what will you do?Bomb on board is very dangerous for flight safety. First I will keep calm, and try to find the bomb. Then I will contact ATC, inform them the shape and position of the bomb, request bomb squad to help us deal with it. We need to arrange passengers away from the bomb or disembark passengers if necessary.If the situation happens on the ground…If the situation happens during flight…,If we are on the ground, we will disembark passengers and request bomb squad to deal with it.If we are in the air, we will select a suitable speed and request to land as soon as possible to the nearest airport. We also need to request emergency services and bomb squad upon landing. The captain should make the passenger announcement and try tomake a good landing and carry out emergency evacuation.四、Yes, I do. Simulator training is very important. We practice most of all emergency situations in the simulator, such as engine failure, engine fire, emergency descent, emergency evacuation, wind shear and so on. If we encounter abnormal situations, we have QRH and SOP on board, we must strictly follow these procedures and the regulations of CAAC. It is very necessary/important for flight safety.2. Where do you have simulator training? In China or other countries?I have simulator training in Pudong flight training centre, Shanghai, China.3. Do you think English is important for safety?Twice per year.5. What emergency equipments do you have on your aircraft?There are many emergency equipment on our aircraft. We have PBE, oxygen masksemergency slides, flashlight, axe, escape rope, life raft, extinguisher and goggle. I think all the crew members should know how to use them to ensure the safety of all the passengers and crew members.6. If your passenger is injured during the turbulence, what will you do?7. Do you think this test is difficult for you?Yes, I do. My English is not good very good. I think the first and second parts are difficult for me. But I have prepared for several months and I tried my best today. I hope I can pass this test.8. Have you ever heard of the accident of ground collision?Yes, I have. 2 years ago, at Beijing airport, a refueller collided with/hit an aircraft. The visibility was poor that day, the driver could not see the yellow line on the ground, so he collided the aircraft.9. According to your opinion, why did the ground collision happen?They don’t follow CAAC rules and regulations strictly and they don’t follow the SOP strictly. The runway or taxiway was contaminated, the braking action might be poor. Aircraft and ground vehicles’ braking system may fail.There are many reasons for ground collision. First, the driver may be responsible forthe collision. Because he may run into a wrong taxiway. Second, the pilots are also responsible for this accident, they should watch out carefully when they taxi. The ATC should also pay special attention to the condition on the taxiways and runways.What damage may the aircraft have during the ground collision?Ground collision may cause many damages, such as fuselage damage, structure damage, engine damage and so on.10. How to reduce the ground collision?In my opinion, all parts are responsible for ground collision. Pilots and ground drivers should strictly follow SOP and ATC taxiing instruction. They must taxi carefully during bad weather condition. The ATC must inspect aircraft and trucks carefully before operation.11. In what circumstances do you declare medical emergency?I declare medical emergency when we have injured or sick passengers and crew members on board. And they need immediate treatment.12. If a passenger had a heart attack in the flight, what will you do?First I will make a panpan call and request priority landing or diversion if necessary. Then I will make a passenger announcement to find a doctor onboard to treat him. I will also request medical assistance on arrival.13. Why is liquid not allowed to be carried into the cabin?According to the rules and regulation of CAAC, the passenger can not take the liquid in to the cabin. If the liquid is flammable and explosive, it will be very dangerous for flight safety.14. Do you think the security check has been improved in last decade?15. Do you have any suggestions to improve the security check in China?五、1. What type of aircraft have you ever flown? What aircraft are you flying now?2. What systems does your aircraft have?I fly A320/B737. There are many systems in our aircraft. It has flight control, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fuel, pressurization, air-conditioning systems. They are very important to ensure flight safety.3. Why do we use pressurization system on the aircraft? Could you explain the reason?4. What factors may cause in flight depressurization?There are many reasons for depressurization, such as structural damage, cabin door unlocked, lightning/bird/foreign object strike, wrong operation, depressurization sys malfunction. If we encounter depressurization, …5. In your opinion, which situation is more dangerous in flight? Slow depressurization or the rapid depressurization? Why?I think the slow depressurization is dangerous. Because it is not easy to notice and find. If we find this situation, it may be late for us to deal with it. It is very dangerous s for the safety of the passengers.As a pilot, we should be very careful to control the aircraft and monitor the changes of the aircraft.6. In case of rapid depressurization, what’s the standard operation procedure?7. When do you need to use the oxygen mask?There are many situations that we need to use oxygen mask. When we suffer the depressurization, we need to use the oxygen mask; when the crew is incapacitated,we need to use the oxygen mask; when the passenger suffer heart attack, we need to use the oxygen mask. And when we have smoke in the cockpit or cabin, we have use oxygen mask.8. Under what circumstance would the passenger oxygen masks drop down automatically in flight?They will be automatically dropped if the cabin altitude is higher than 14,000ft.9. What kind of control surfaces does a modern aircraft have?There are many control surfaces in my aircraft, such as rudder, flaps, slats, aileron, and elevator.10. Can you tell me a little bit about their location?Yes I can. They are on trailing edge and rear/aft part of the A/C.Would you explain the different functions of these control surfaces?Flaps are used to increase the lift and reduce the speed.Rudder is used to change the direction of the aircraft.Aileron controls the rolling of the aircraft.They are all used to help us to control the aircraft in flight.11. How many slides does your aircraft have? What are their positions?I fly B737/A320. There are four/six slides. They are under each over-wing emergency exit./ they are under each door.Have you ever heard any story about emergency slides deployed on the ground? Cabin crew opened the door without disarming the slide.Yes, I have. Last year, one emergency slide was deployed in Shuangliu airport. This was caused by the wrong operation of the flight attendant.12. In which situation do you need to prepare for the emergency evacuation?There are many situations for emergency evacuation. When fire and smoke can not be control, bomb on board, landing gears can not be extended and locked(collapsed/broken), belly landing, ditching. If the pilots decide to carry out emergency evacuation,…六、1. What is the maximum fuel quantity for your aircraft?I fly B737/A320. Its maximum fuel quantity is 16/18 tons.2. How to determine the fuel endurance?I fly B737, the endurance is automatically calculated by FMC. I can read it directly from MCDU. I also need to consider takeoff weight, flight distance and fuel consumption rate and weather condition.3. What are the reasons for fuel shortage?There are many reasons for fuel shortage. For example, the fuel leakage, long holding during bad weather, fly at lower level with high fuel consumption, and encountering strong head wind.4. When do you declare the fuel emergency?When our endurance is less than 30 minutes before landing, we will declare fuel emergency.5.What might be the consequences if we use contaminated fuel?What will be the result if contaminated fuel is put into the aircraft?It will be very dangerous for the flight safety. Maybe the engines will shut down or the engine will be damaged.6. Have you ever encountered turbulence? If your passenger is injured due to turbulence, what will you do?Yes, I have……7. What other bad weather have you encountered?I am a student pilot, I am so lucky that I haven’t encountered many bad weather conditions. But during simulator training, I have been trained with many situations,such as wind shear, icing, fog, thunderstorm, CBs, low visibility and hurricane (typhoon). If I encounter these situations,…8. Why are bird activities considered hazardous to flight safety?If we fly in the bird activity area, we may encounter bird strike. Bird strike may cause engine failure, structural damage, windows broken. They are very dangerous for flight safety.9. At which flight phases do you usually encounter bird strike?Because birds are always flying at low level, we usually encounter bird strike during takeoff and landing.10.Do you have any suggestions to reduce the bird strike?I suggest the airport authorities introduce more advanced equipments to drive birds in the vicinity of /in and around the airport.11. What are the consequences of bird strike?Bird strike may cause engine failure, structural damage, windows broken. They are very dangerous for flight safety.I am flying xxx, we must fly according to cost index 25 and we need to refuel the aircraft according to the weather en route and weather at the destination. According 10,000ft, we should reduce speed to 250knots.13. Do you think saving fuel is the responsibility of the pilot?No, I think as a pilot, the most important responsibility is to ensure the flight safety.15. Can you name some of the dangerous goods?Yes, I can. Dangerous goods include explosive, flammable, erosive, toxic, radioactive goods, such as alcohol, bomb and so on.We have this kind of training once two years.17. What do you learn in the training?We learn to identify the dangerous cargo that can be carried on board.First, the crew member should have been trained about dangerous goods transportation. Second, after being notified of the dangerous goods, the pilotsshould understand the nature of the goods and confirm the package and position of the goods in the hold. In the air, when something abnormal happens, the pilots should report the situation of the goods to ATC and request to land at the nearest airport as soon as possible.七、1. Can you tell me some of the technical manuals or handbooks in the cockpit?We have FCOM, QRH, SOP, MEL on board.2. Are these manuals convenient to use? Are they written in Chinese or English? Yes, they are. Both in English and Chinese. For example, we have Chinese QRH and English QRH, we have Chinese FCOM and English AFM.3. Do you prefer read the paper manuals or electronic files?I prefer electric files, because electric files are easy to locate. I can find the pages I want to read quickly. Besides, the paper manuals are heavy, they are not easy to carry.4. Do you think the paper manuals will be replaced by the electronic files?No I don’t think so.Sorry I don’t know, my boss will decide it. It’s none of my business.5. What’s the difference between radio English and general English?6. Can you make a brief introduction of your hydraulic system?Yes, I can. The hydraulic system is one of the most important systems in the aircraft. There are 3 hydraulic systems on my aircraft. They are system A, system B, and standby system. System A provides power to nose wheel steering, system B provides power to normal brake. If system A fails, system B will provide power to most systems and it will not affect flight operation. If both system A and B fail, the standby system will provide power to the major systems.7. What‘s the function of hydraulic system?It is used to control the aircraft and help the pilots to reduce the workload.8. What’s the consequence if the one hydraulic fails?If the hydraulic system fails, it will cause many system failures, such as the landing gears, the reverser, the braking system, the control surfaces, the elevator, the rudder, the aileron and the speed brakes. If system A fails, system B will provide power to most systems and it will not affect flight operation9. If the landing gears cannot be extended, what will you do?I will recycle the landing gear, or extend landing gears by gravity. If they are not successful, we will carry out related checklist to deal with it. Contact ATC, request low pass for visual check, prepare for a belly landing if necessary and request ground services.10. What preparations do you need for belly landing?Inform cabin crew to prepare for a belly landing. Request dump fuel or holding to lose fuel. Request foamed runway, fire service and medical assistance after landing. Prepare for emergency evacuation.八、1. Have you ever diverted? What are the reasons for diversion?Yes, I have. Two months ago, I flew from Shijiazhuang to Shanghai. When I entered Shanghai area, ATC informed me Hongqiao airport was closed due to bad weather and low visibility. We decided to divert and ATC informed us Jinan airport was suitable for diversion. We landed at Jinan airport successfully.The reasons may be bad weather, destination airport closed, aircraft damage or malfunction, important military activity, aircraft performance and low endurance.2. What information do you need to know about the alternate airport?We need to know runway condition, weather information, ground facilities, and maintenance.3. What support can you get from ATC for division?4. What will you do if you return for landing due to engine failure?I will contact ATC, make a panpan or mayday call to inform them our situation and request priority landing and ground assistance after landing.5. Why is icing dangerous to flight safety?If we encounter icing, it will be very dangerous for fight safety. Because ice on the fuselage will increase stall speed, cause engine failure and control surfaces jammed. It is very difficult for us to control the aircraft. If the ice is ingested into the engine, it may cause engine failure. So it is very dangerous for fight safety.6. Have you ever encountered icing condition in flight?Yes, I have. Two years ago, I flew from Shanghai to Beijing. When we were flying at FL350, we had an icing indication and found ice on the windshield. We contact ATC and request descent to avoid icing area. When we descent to FL250, we were clear oficing area and the ice on the windshield disappeared. The rest of the flight was normal and we landed at Beijing safely.7. If the ice accumulated on the wings of your aircraft, what will you do?If we are in the air, we will request level change to avoid icing area, turn on anti-ice and de-ice systems. Also, we can adjust our speed if necessary.8. What emergency training do you take with the cabin crew?Several years ago, we had emergency training with cabin crew. We practiced evacuation from the cabin, extinguishing fire and using emergency equipments. But now we don’t have trainings together.9. Why is cabin crew important in emergency situation?10. How should pilots cooperate with cabin crew to ensure the safety?九、1. What can the airport security check do to prevent the terrorist activity?I think they should introduce more advanced equipments to improve the airportsecurity check. Security staff should have more professional training to improve their professional skills. Airport authorities should issue stricter security check procedure.2. Do you think the ground security check has improved in the last decades?Since 911, airport authorities have introduced enough advanced equipments, provided more professional trainings and issued stricter security check procedures to improve the airport security check3. What are your suggestions on how to improve the airport security check?Airport authorities should introduce enough advanced equipments, provide more professional trainings and issue stricter security check procedures to improve the airport security check4. What kind of medical help can the cabin crew provide to the passengers on board?I don’t know. Maybe they will provide oxygen to the passengers. They can look for a doctor on board to treat the sick passengers. Also they can inform the captain to contact ATC and request medical assistance after landing.十、1. What do you like to do if you are not flying?I like to sleep, listen to music, travel, surf the internet, watch action movie to relax myself.3. How long does it take to get to work from your home?4. What’s the weather like today? Is it good for flying?It is fine, rainy, sunny, foggy, CA VOK. Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.5. How should the pilot balance rest with work?When we have to work , we should work hard. When we have a rest, we should havea good rest. When I am not flying, l like doing some sports, such as…6. Are you satisfied with your present job?Yes, I am. I can travel around the world,……7. How many type ratings do you have?I have two type ratings, single engine land rating, and multi-engines land rating.十一、4.Have you heard any accident caused by the misunderstanding between pilots andATC?5.6. What navaids do you use in flight?NDB, DME,VOR,radar.If you get lost in flight, what will you do?All navigation system failure will cause us get lost, but I think it is almost impossible, because we have many advanced navigation equipments on the aircraft and on the ground. But if it happens, I will request radar vectors to my destination.If your on board navigational equipment failed, what will you do?This situation is very dangerous for flight safety. If this happens, I will request radar vector to my destination.7.If the passenger refuses to turn off his mobile phone, what will you do?I will ask cabin crew to persuade him to turn off his mobile phone, otherwise I have to disembark him.8.If your captain is reading novels/newspager in flight, what will you do?9.ILS approach is precision approach, VOR approach is non-precision approach. ILS approach is more accurate , safer and easier to fly.10.Can pilots read newspapers and magazines in the cockpit?11. What navigational equipments will be integrated into cockpit in the future?I think in the future, more and more advanced equipments will be installed onboard, such as more advanced radar, terrain indicator.十二、1.What are the possible causes for the delay?Delays may be caused by flow control, bad weather, military activity, airport closed, aircraft malfunction ground service, and tug not in position.2.What are your suggestions for reducing the delays?I think the air force should give us more airspace. Or we could have more flight levels in the sky. So flow control will be reduced and our delays will be reduced too.3.What will be the result if the contaminated fuel is put into the aircraft?This might cause engine flame out, fuel filter blocked higher fuel consumption and aircraft performance degraded.4.What is the pilot’s role in saving fuel?5.6.Which weather is most dangerous?I think windshear at low level/ microburst is most dangerous weather.7.What are your suggestions for reducing the risk of incidents caused by hazardousweather?Before departure, if I know there is bad weather at the destination, I will delay my takeoff.After takeoff, I will turn on the weather radar onboard. If I find bad weather ahead of us, I will request go round it and request divert to the alternate airport if necessary.If I know there is bad weather en route, I will carry more fuel to in case of circumnavigation and diversion.十三1.2.How do you deal with it?How do you handle this situation?How do you solve the problem?3.1.Good morning, how are you today? How are you going today?3. Could you introduce your working background to me?I started to fly in 1987. I have flown Y5, DHC6, B737. I am an instructor of B737.I have got more than 18,000 flying hours.4. What’s your understanding of CRM?4.How do you know icing condition on the aircraft?We can refer to ice indicator which is installed between two windshields outside the aircraft. Pilots and cabin crew can observe outside to find ice on the fuselage.5.Have you ever used internet to improve your English?6.What’s your plan after today’s test?I will go home, have a good rest, have dinner with my family/have a drink with my friends.7.What kind of novel do you prefer?I prefer history/ suspense /action novel.8.Do you think more delays happen in large airport?Yes, I do. Many reasons may cause delay, such as flow control, ground service, bad weather, military activities and aircraft malfunction. At large airports, there are more flow controls and ground staff are too busy to provide quick service.9. Have you ever heard mid-air collision? What reasons might cause mid-aircollision? Do you have any suggestions to avoid mid-air collision?Yes, I have. Several years ago, two aircraft collided in the air. Both aircraft got TCAS advisory and ATC instruction when they are in conflict with each other.One of them followed ATC instruction to avoid conflict, the other one followed TCAS advisory. Unfortunately, the instruction and advisory were opposite and caused the disaster. Since then, ICAO issued a regulation that TCAS advisory has the priority over ATC instruction.Reasons: ATC’s wrong instruction, TCAS failure, misunderstanding of instruction, pilots’ wrong operation, unknown activity.10. Do you know TCAS? How does it work?TCAS stands for traffic collision avoidance system. According to ICAO regulation, all passenger aircraft should be installed/equipped with TCAS. It can provide pilot traffic information (TA)in the vicinity of the aircraft, such as altitude, distance and movement. It also provides avoidance advisory(RA) to help pilot。
ICAO考试英语听力笔记初探
出错 ，不 借 助 笔 记 的情 况 下 很 容 易 听完 后 出现 信
息错 误 或缺 失 ，特 别 是 当涉 及 数 字 的 时 候 ， 很难 单 凭 大脑 准 确 记 忆 并 复 述 ，而 是 否 能 准确 理解 并
系是 缓解大脑压力、提升听力效率、辅助 口语表达的重要环节。
关 键 词：听力 笔记 符号 缩写
Ｎｏ ｔ ｅ ・ ｔ ａ ｋ ｉ ｎｇ ｉ ｎ Ｉ ＣＡＯ Ｅｎｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ ｖ ｉ ｌ Ａ ｖ ｉ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ Ｆ ｌ ｉ ｇ ｈ ｔ Ｕ ｎ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｙ ｏ ｆ Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ Ｇ ｕ ａ ｎ ｇ ｈ ａ ｎ ６ １ ８ ３ ０ ７ Ｓ ｉ ｃ ｈ ｕ ａ ｎ Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ ）
ｒ ｅ ｌ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｎ ａ ｓ ｙ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｍａ ｔｉ ｃ ａ ｎ ｄ ｌ ｏ ｇ ｉ ｃ ａ ｌ ｗａ ｙ ． Ｔｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｅ ， ａ ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｅ — ｔ ａ ｋ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｓ ｙ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｍ ｃ ａ ｎ ｅ ｓｅ ａ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｓ ｕ ｒ ｅ ， ｉ ｍ—
ｐ ｒ ｏ ｖ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｉ ｎ ｇ ａ ｎ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｉｔ ｆ ｏ ｒ ａ ｌ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ． Ｋｅ ｙ ｗｏ ｒ ｄ ｓ ： Ｌｉ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｉ ｎ ｇ
一
Ｎｏ ｔ ｅ — ｔ ｋｉ ａ ｎ ｇ
Ａｂ ｓ ｔ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ：Ｉ ｎ Ｐ ａ ｎ Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ ａ ｎ ｄ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｉ Ｖ ｏ ｆ Ｉ ＣＡＯ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｔ ． ｔ ｅ ｓ ｔ － ｔ ａ ｋ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｔ ｏ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｍｐ ｔ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｃ ｏ ｍ－ ｐ ｌ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｗｉ ｔ ｈ ｐ ｉ ｌ ｏ ｔ ｓ ’ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｐ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｅ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｒ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｌ ｌ ａ ｓ ｈ ｏ ｒ ｔ ａ ｖ ｉ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ － ｒ ｅ ｌ ａ ｔ ｅ ｄ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｙ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｐ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｌ ｙ ． Ｆ ｏ ｒ
关于民航飞行人员ICAO英语测试题型变化的讨论
ｐ ａ ｐ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｉ ｌ ｏ ｔ ｌ ａ ｎ ｇ ｕ ａ ｇ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｍｐ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｅ ｍｏ ｄ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｗａ ｒ ｄ ａ ｎ ｄ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｏ ｒ ｙ ｆ ａ ｕ ｌ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅ ９ ０ ０ ｓ ｅ ｎ －
ｐ ｉ ｌ ｏ ｔ ｓ ． Ｒｅ ｃ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｌ ｙ ｓ ｏ ｍｅ ｍｏ ｄ ｉ ｉｃ ｆ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｂ ｅ ｅ ｎ ｐ ｕ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｔ ａ ｎ ｄ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｕ ｌ ｔ ｅ ｄ ｉ ｎ ａ ｄ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｃ ｏ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｇ ． Ｉ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ
ａ ｍｉ ｎ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｆ Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ （ Ｐ Ｅ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ） Ｗａ Ｓ ｄ ｅ ｓ ｉ ｇ ｎ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｏ ｍｅ ｅ ｔ ｗｉ ｔ ｈ Ｉ Ｃ ＡＯ ｌ ａ ｎ ｇ ｕ ａ ｇ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｉ ｆ ｃ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｙ ｒ ｅ ｑ ｕ ｉ ｒ ｅ ｍｅ ｎ ｔ ｓ ｆ ｏ ｒ
Ａｂ ｓ ｔ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ： Ｂａ ｓ ｅ ｄ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｍｍｕ ｎ ｉ ｃ ａ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｌ ａ ｎ ｇ ｕ ａ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｏ ｒ ｙ Ｐ ｉ ｌ ｏ ｔ Ｅｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｐ ｒ ｏ ｉｃ ｆ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｙ Ｅ ｘ —
提 出在 全 球 实 行 统 一 的 英 语 通 话 标 准 。 中 国 航 自２ ０ ０ ７年 开始 部署 Ｉ Ｃ ＡＯ 飞行 Ｉ 空管 人 员 的英 语 等 级 测 试 ， 由中 国 民航 飞行 学 院 课 题 组 承 担 飞 行 英 语 测试 体 系 开 发 和 相 应 的培 训 体 系 建 设 。这 套 测 试 系统 自 ２ ０ ０ ９年 施考 ，经过 ６年 的运 行为 民航
祥鹏ICAO总结
2、非正常情况，遇到此种情况几率较大，现阶段题目有单发，鸟击，起落架有问题，襟翼不能放下（需要大速度进场，需要更长的跑道）等等。此种情况虽然听起来比较复杂，但是只要听清楚，问题相对简单。例如，飞机遇到什么特情？机组意图是什么？机组有什么请求，为什么有这种请求？飞机返场还是去备降场？等待程序是什么？使用哪条跑道？
一、听力选择题：
共20道题。
内容是专业相关或陆空对话，涉及到导航、飞机系统、气象和基础知识等，陆空对话涉及正常、非正常和紧急情形
技巧：
•看懂问题选项答案
•听的过程中寻找答案
•对数字需要做必要的记录
有些答案通过逻辑推理或专业知识可以直接找到
提示：尽可能快速阅读题目，如果不行干脆不读，在纠缠题目的同时，录音很快就会放完，而且录音语速特别快，超出平常训练的语速，有的甚至只有一句话，如果不能很好的提取信息，则很难作答。
2）这种情况下如果是你在飞，应该怎么办
如果不是事故图的话，也许会问些与图片相关的问题，如飞机构造，飞行原理等
考生一般可以按如下23个图准备
1）飞机液压系统，一副线路图，个人认为很难描述，建议扯到液压系统对飞行安全的重要性上
2）驾驶舱仪表图（此图出现率极小）
3）发动机参数图（此图出现率极小）
4）一个雷达屏幕，扫描出危险天气
你认为影响飞行安全的因素有哪些？
你怎么看CRM？
如果遇到特情，你是机长你怎么办？你是副驾驶你怎么办？
如果你是副驾驶你和机长意见不一致怎么办？
4、picture talking
一般会有一幅图片让你描述（最新的有四幅图一起出来，让你挑，然后描述）。
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1准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少，在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。
手打难免错漏，请见谅，我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正2考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好3做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUND WHISTLE4这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等5前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快6只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊7祝逢考必过下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI（oral proficiency interview）OPI包含5个部分：1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up一） vocabulary (最后附有各个系统专业词汇)对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳三个应答机特殊编码：编码自己查不便说。
从小到大分别是hijack , radio failure , distress conditionsPAN PAN和MAYDAY的区别：PANPAN：need assistance timely urgency situationMAYDAY：need assistance immediately distress situation乘务员 flight/cabin attendant 驾驶舱职权梯度 cockpit authority gradient机库 hangar 接通/断开自驾 engage/disengage AP地形 terrain 人因 human factors活物牲畜 livestock 绕飞 detour界面交界处 interface 修改 modify amend试车 engine runup 烂泥 slush减速妨碍 retard 积累 accumulation湿度 humidity 降雨量 precipitation气喘asthma 腹泻 diarrhea调度签派 dispatch 信号员 marshaller开往驶往 Bound for 放油 fuel dump jettison预期anticipate 污染 contaminate外形 configuration 致命的 fatal分院 branch flight college 炸药 dynamite手榴弹grenade 恢复 revertHuman error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens. one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accidentIRS: inertial reference system 惯性基准系统干预 interfere 配件附件 accessory气动的pneumatic 有形的具体的 concrete临界的 marginal 连续 touch and go起落 Traffic circuit 补充 replenish全停 full stop 物质物品 substance拉紧绷紧 strain 踝关节ankle 肘部 elbow对正跑道 align the runway POB: people onboard改装训练 transition training 劫机犯 hijacker陆空对话 radiotelephony communication前轮转弯机构 nose wheel steering 执行 execute 疏散 evacuation机长的四条杠的含义： 1 flying skill 2 knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility提供饮食及服务 cater（主要在地面装载时会用到）RNP----required navigation performance 所需导航性能RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度二）几个主要系统组成及功用1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM很多图是关于重着陆，事故以及事故症候的，事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况，damaged，unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情况，所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
Tricycle gear arrangement 前三点 shock strut 减震支柱 bumper减震器Manual extension handles 人工放下起落架手柄Nose wheel arrangement advantages:1) it allows more forceful application of brakes for higher landing speed without nosing over.2) it permits better visibility for the pilots during landing and taxing3) it tends to prevent aircraft from ground-looping by moving the forward of the main gear.Landing gear safety devises :1) Mechanical downlock----------to prevent accidental operation of the mechanical downlocks, electrically operated safety switches are installed.2) Safety switches-----------------The torque links spread apart or move together as the shock strut piston extends or retracts in its cylinder.3） Ground lock----------------one common type of a pin installed in aligned holes drilled in 2 or more units of the landing gear support structure.2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulic system的，建议这个系统多熟悉一下Units commonly operated by hydraulic system :Landing gears , wing flaps , slats , speed and wheel brakes , nose wheel steering ,Primary flight surfaceshydraulic system components:an engine driven pump , a filter , a reservoir , a pressure regulator , an accumulator ,a pressure gauge , a relief valve , an emergency pump , two check valves ,a selector valve , an actuating cylinderoperationthe engine driven pump which is directly coupled to the engine will operate when the engine is running. The pump draws fluid from reservoir and expels to the system through the filter and a check valve and the pressure can be built up. the pressure regulator unloads or relieves the engine driven pump when the desired pressure in the system achieved . thus it’s often referred to as an unloading the event of malfunction of pressure regulator , the relief valve will release any pressure above that maintained by the regulator.3 AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEMThe cabin air conditioning and pressurization system supplies conditioned air for heating and cooling the cockpit and cabin spaces. This air also provides pressurization to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment. Some of the air conditioning systems installed in modern aircraft utilize air turbine refrigerating units to supply cooled air. These are called air cycle system.Function of air conditioning system:To maintain a comfortable temperature within the fuselage. In a typical system the temperature is measured and compared to the desired setting of the temperature controls.1 supply ventilation air2 supply heated air3 supply cooled airFunction of cabin pressure control system:To provide cabin pressure regulation , pressure relief , vacuum relief ,and the means of selecting the desired cabin altitude.4 WINGTIP DEVICES-----------improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft, intended effect id always to reduce the drag by altering the airflow near the wingtips.5 APU-------AUXILIARY POWER UNITFunction----- to provide power to start the main engines. Turbine engines must be accelerated to a high rotational speed in order to provide sufficient air compression for self-sustaining operation. Before engines are to be turned, the APU is started, generally by a battery or hydraulic accumulator. Once the APU is running, it provides power (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic, depending on the design) to start the aircraft's main engines.APUs fitted to ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operations) aircraft are a critical safety device, as they supply backup electricity and compressed air in place of the dead engine or failed main engine generator.三）特勤处置先说一下CRM-----COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENTCRM 包括4部分1：establish good communication with crew members , so that we can prevent and correct any mistakes.2：take full advantage of the facilities onboard and the ground navaids.3：operate the aircraft strictly according to the manual and SOPs.4：comply with the aviation regulations.关于EMERGENCY，处置8stay calm ,maintain the right configuration and attitude.9the crew members should accomplish each other’s own duty, find the cause and do the right checklist , follow standard procedures.10report to ATC your location , situation onboard, and intention. Request landing priority if possible.这里只是提供一个大致框架，具体特勤具体分析，如ENGINE FAILURE, BOMB ONBOARD,GEAR JAM等，具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。