四川大学英语2020期末考试试题

四川⼤大学“⼤大学英语（阅读与翻译）- 2” 期末考试试题（闭卷）A 卷（2019—2020学年年第 2 学期）课程号：105368020 课序号： 课程名称： 任课教师： 成绩： 适用专业年级：2019级 学生人数： 印题份数： 学号： 姓名： 第 1 ⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：（注意：所有答案请写在答题纸上）Part I Reading Comprehension (65 points)Section A (3.5*10 = 35 points)Directions: Read the following passage and use NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS to fill in each blank in the outline below. Remember to write down the answers on the Answer Sheet .California's Higher Education - From American Dream to Dilemma[1] For the Golden State of California, 1960 was a golden year: It was a time of rapid development, and part of this massive development was a system of public higher education.[2] California's higher education prospects of 1960 were built on a distinctive historical foundation. The idea that the state's colleges and universities could – and should – be the source of an informed, responsible citizenry and state leadership had been established by legislators and voters by World War I.[3] Robert Gordon Sproul, president of the University of California, who served from 1930 to 1958, built on this early vision. He set up six campuses statewide as part of a creation of a multi-campus system to meet California's growing demand for higher education.[4] In 1958, Clark Kerr was named president of the University of California system. With Kerr's efforts higher education became part of the California dream. In 1960 the state legislature passed the Donahoe Act, which included a 246-page report, "A Master Plan for Higher Education in California, 1960-1975." On Oct. 17, 1960, Time magazine featured Clark Kerr on its cover as the "Master Planner."[5] The California dream of higher education combined access to higher education with affordability and choice. The new California policy of no tuition was extended to all public colleges and universities statewide. Furthermore, the master plan promoted state-funded student scholarships through a state agency created in 1955, the California Student Aid Commission.[6] California came to provide a high quality of education – the best in the country. A 1966 report by the American Council on Education shows that University of California, Berkeley was the top university at the time in America for overall quality in graduate education. Between 1939 and 1968, 12 professors at UC Berkeley had received the Nobel Prize, the highest number at any university.[7] Resources were made available for the realization of the dream. As part of passing the Donahoe Act in 1960, the California state government approved US$1 billion in funding for higher education facilities. Central to its growth was an expansion of campuses. Between 1964 and 1965 the University of California built three new campuses – at SanDiego, Irvine and Santa Cruz.[8] By 1967, however, the master plan was encountering problems – it was expensive and increasingly seemed not sustainable.[9] State Senator George Deukmejian voiced Republican concerns about higher education. He argued in favor of adding a tuition charge for University of California students and endorsed Governor Ronald Reagan's new "equal education plan." The plan called for a modest tuition of $250 per year for the university and $80 per year in the state colleges.[10] The Republican reform plan included grants or loans to those who could not afford the modest tuition. It was noted that half of the enrolled students came from relatively affluent families. Only about 12 percent came from modest-income families earning $6,000 year or less.[11] Today, California's higher education system struggles with budget cuts and an uncertain future. There are concerns that the public universities are soon going to be "public no more." As education scholar Brendan Cantwell notes, even the preeminent research university, Berkeley, has been hit by budget cuts. At the same time, the state's outstanding private colleges and universities have soared in terms of academic standards, selective admissions, tuition revenues, new construction and federal research grants.[12] The master plan has struggled to keep up. It has gone through many reviews and revisions, the latest of which, in 2017, emphasized improving access and affordability. But the convergence of these trends, combined with fluctuations in the state economy and tax revenues, has turned the Californian dream of higher education into an American dilemma.(603 words)第2⻚页，共11⻚页试卷编号：（每个答案不超过5个单词！）California's Higher Education - From American Dream to Dilemma: An OutlineI.Start of the DreamA. 1 _______________________ formed by World War IB.Robert Gordon Sproul’s 2_______________________II.The Dream YearsA.Clark Kerr’s 3_______________________B. 4 _______________________ of higher educationC.California’s 5_______________________ of educationD.Funding and 6_______________________III.7_______________________ EncounteredA.George Deukmejian’s argument for a 8 _______________________B.9 _______________________ to poor studentsIV.Realities Today: the DilemmaA.Struggles with 10 _______________________B.Struggles with the master planSection B (2*15 = 30 points)Directions:There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write it down on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.[1]What do Justin Bieber, Taylor Swift, Katy Perry, Usher and Lady Gaga have in common apart from being highly popular, and rich, music singers? The answer is they all owe some of their success to people behind the scenes from a relatively small country in northern Europe – Sweden. Ever since ABBA exploded onto the world stage in 1974 by winning the European song contest with their easy-to-sing-along hit “Waterloo”, Swedish groups, and more importantly the people who make the groups what they are, have had a disproportionate influence on modern music. To understand why this should be so it is important to see how Sweden nurtures its musical talent.第3 ⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：[2] All Swedish children are encouraged and expected to learn how to appreciate music and play an instrument from kindergarten onwards. After-school music lessons are inexpensive and instruments may be rented. Music education is supported by the government as may be seen by the recent establishment of the Academy of Music and Business (AMB) in southern Sweden by two music producers and teachers, which receives funds for each of the students enrolled in the school. The school aims to develop both creativity and commercial success in young musicians by preparing them for the enormous changes the music industry is facing. Note the second half of the school’s name is “Business.” This is a clear recognition of the fact that in Sweden music making is about making money. In 2011, Sweden’s foreign music sales earned the country US $135 million, which placed it third in the world after the USA and the UK and the highest in the world on a per capita basis.[3] So who are the people responsible for making money out of music and helping the big name stars achieve such popularity? The man credited with starting Sweden’s creative push into modern music is Dag V olle aka Denniz Pop. It is claimed that he discovered the Swedish group Ace of Base in the early 1990s when the group’s demo tape got jammed in his car stereo and he had to listen to it over and over again. He loved the song so much that he decided to release it to the public. Their new title, “All That She Wants” became a smash hit. He subsequently opened a recording studio, Cheiron Studios, and it was there that he produced the debut album for one of the biggest boy bands of the 1990s, Backstreet Boys. V olle worked collaboratively with, and mentored, a number of young songwriters until his death in 1998. Perhaps the best known of these today is Max Martin.[4]Max Martin, whose real name is Martin Karl Sandberg, has written a string of hits for some of the biggest recording artists in the world today. These include Kelly Clarkson’s “Since U Been Gone,” Usher’s “DJ Got Us Fallin’ in Love,” and Britney Spears’ “Baby One More Time.” Other prominent Swedish songwriters and producers include Andreas Carlsson, who co-wrote “Bye Bye Bye” for NSYNC, Shellback, Bloodshy and RedOne, who co-wrote and produced two of Lady Gaga’s biggest hits “Poker Face” and “Bad Romance.” If you have not heard of any of these people maybe it is because the Swedes famously do not like standing out from the crowd, but prefer to work their magic behind the scenes.第4⻚页，共 11⻚页试卷编号：[5] Aside from writing and producing hits, Swedes are also activein other areas of the music business: as sound and video engineers and technicians, the people who make the music sound the way it does; choreographers and directors who put together the all-important videos that accompany songs and often do so much to shape the image of the artist, especially when seen by millions on YouTube; Sweden also has a great number of music teachers and voice coaches, managers, marketers and promoters. The fans who buy the star’s music may be unaware of these teams of people working in collaboration in the background, but these professionals are all crucial for the ultimate success of the artist’s work.[6] One reason why Sweden is so active in the music field may come down to its adaptability. Ola Hakansson, a singer whose career spans fifty years, says, “We’re a small country, so we can’t set any trends, but we’re really good at picking up on other people’s, and we’re really good at mimicking.” A case in point is ABBA, whose records mix jazz, blues, and keyboard style with local folk music, and have sold over 380 million copies.[7] Another reason is that nearly all Swedes are fluent in the music world’s lingua franca – English. In order to be globally successful songs need to be written and performed in English. Swedish groups are well placed to capitalize on their linguistic prowess. Since ABBA, other Swedish artists making waves in the music world include Roxette, The Cardigans, Avicii and Robyn.[8] So the next time you buy a CD or download a song by a band or singer that you like, why not check out who wrote it, who produced it, who directed the dance moves on the video, and who manages the artist. You may not now be so surprised to find that someone from Sweden is behind the effort to create the perfect pop song!(875 words)11. What is the exact meaning of "disproportionate" in Para. 1 ?A)Big country, small influence.B)Small country, big influence.C)Less population, more money.D)More population, less money.第5⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：12. Which country ranked FIRST in foreign music sales business in 2011?A)Sweden.B)Switzerland.C)UK.D)USA.13. Who is the best-known Swedish songwriter according to the passage?A)Dag V olle aka Denniz Pop.B)Martin Karl Sandberg.C)Andereas Carlsson.D)Shellback.14. Which of the following is one of the reasons for Sweden’s being active in the musicfield?A)Swedes like standing out from the crowd.B)Swedes do all business related to music.C)Swedes are good at imitating others.D)Swedes have talent in music.15. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A)Swedish groups always adapt to audience’s tastes.B)ABBA is good at picking up on blues.C)The lingua franca in Sweden is music.D)Swedish people’s language skills give them an edge.Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the following passage.[1] We’ll sit tables apart at near-empty restaurants, wear medical masks in public, keep a six-foot distance from others while shopping, and submit to routine temperature checks at work. These scenes may look more like an episode of Black Mirror, but the world’s new reality amid the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is forcing the global society to confront issues beyond the scope of science fiction to revive communities slowly, safely and sustainably.[2] New York may have the Empire State Building, lit up in festive hues to mark holidays big and small, but in Washington’s Petworth neighborhood, residents look to the front lawn of a blue rowhouse to celebrate the passage of time. Pirate ships and undead swashbucklers for Halloween. Cartoonish turkeys for Thanksgiving. Pink and red hearts for Valentine’s Day. Red, white and blue everything for the Fourth of July. Bright rainbows and unicorns to honor Pride.第6⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：[3] Hardly a holiday goes uncelebrated. Even the small ones.[4] So when the District announced its stay-at-home order, meant to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, it was no surprise to neighbors that homeowners Curtis Gilbert and Chris Rowland transformed their Easter Bunny display into a flashy pandemic warning sign.[5] The couple measured a six-foot arrow and propped it up between two rabbits, ensuring they were socially distanced as they held speckled Easter eggs. They wanted the crowds on the green grass of Sherman Circle across the street to see: Even the Easter Bunny was keeping his social distance. “We wanted it to be a friendly reminder that it is a pandemic,” Gilbert said. “But with all the horrible news, we were hoping it would give people a chance to giggle, too.”[6] Even the mayor took notice. On Easter Sunday, D.C. Mayor Muriel E. Bowser tweeted a photo of the bunnies. “Happy Easter!” she wrote, after changing her Twitter username to include the hashtag #StayHomeDC.[7] As the pandemic death toll has continued to climb — and states struggle with how best to keep their residents safe — Gilbert and Rowland said they didn’t feel it was right to jump into their usual rotation of holiday trimmings. Instead they continued on the pandemic theme, hoping it would catch the eye of someone who might need a reminder to wear a face mask or keep their distance from others.[8] Gilbert and Rowland — who have been together for 25 years — were never much for holiday displays before 2013, when they moved into the house. But after the move, the couple realized they would likely get a stream of Halloween trick-or-treaters. They decided to embrace it, putting up a small display of skeletons to signal to neighborhood kids they were open for business.[9] The next year, the skeletons got a pirate ship, assembled with leftover wood from a backyard project. The house quickly became a destination for kids and their families. Although it’s not clear when they will be able to host a similar gathering without fears of clustered crowds and spreading disease, the couple said they hope the whimsical pandemic displays send a similar message to their community: we’re all in this together, even if we have to stand six feet apart.(521 words)16. Why does the author mention different festive celebrations in Para. 2?A)To present how much people in New York love celebrating holidays.B)To show that New York can continue to be a metropolitan city.C)To explain holiday decoration services people should have held.D)To suggest that there could be no festive hues to mark holidays over the months.第7⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：17. What did the couple do for their community during the pandemic according to thepassage?A)They texted messages to their community that we were all together for thepandemic.B)They warned clustered crowds against the pandemic by asking them to stay home.C)They decorated their house to signal to neighborhood kids they loved the kids verymuch.D)They reminded people of social distancing by connecting two Easter bunnies withthe warning sign of six-foot length.18. Which of the following statements is not TRUE?A)D.C mayor acknowledged the couple’s behavior by tweeting the bunnies picture.B)The couple have been proud of themselves on delivering holiday cheers year byyear since they were together.C)The couple considered it’s not right to jump into the usual holiday displays in thepandemic situation.D)The neighborhood kids and their families used to gather in the couple’s house inholiday seasons.19. The word “whimsical” in Para. 9 is closest in meaning to_____.A)Fanciful DisplaysB)Weird displaysC)Impractical displaysD)Capricious displaysPassage ThreeQuestions 20 is based on the following passage.Campus organizer: Before last year’s campus cleanup, only 69 of the students signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 75 students have signed up to participate. Since our campus cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year’s cleanup will be a success.20. The reasoning in the campus organizer’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on thegrounds that the argument ________.A)confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for thatoutcomeB) generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similarsituationC) overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not studentsat campusD) defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will beconsidered a positive outcome第8⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：Passage FourQuestions 21 is based on the following passage.Psychologist: In our study, participants who were offered the opportunity to purchase a Starbucks mug were not willing to pay more than $10. If, however, they were given a very similar mug and asked immediately afterwards how much they would be willing to sell it for, most of them held out for more than $10.21. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancydescribed above?A）A person’s assessment of the value of an object depends on his or her evaluation of the inherent properties of the object.B）The amount a person is willing to spend on an object is determined by the amount that object sold for in the past.C）People tend to value an object that they do not own less than they value a very similar object that they already own.D）People are more likely to undervalue objects they have been given than objects they have purchased.Passage FiveQuestions 22 is based on the following passage.Global use of the Internet has led to an increase in certain crimes such as information theft and to new crimes like hacking. This seems due, at least in part, to the impersonal nature of the Internet. People seem to feel more free to harm others through the Internet than in person, suggesting that people feel less morally constrained when they use the Internet. For this reason, steps should be taken to educate people about the ethical use of the Internet.22. Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning inthe argument?A) When new technologies emerge, society needs to formulate new ethical guidelines tocover the use of those technologies.B) The more educated that people are about the ethical usage of the Internet, the greaterthe amount of harm that they can do to others.C) People feel morally constrained from doing an action only if that action causes harmto others.D) Education about the ethical use of a tool increases one’s sense of moral responsibilityregarding its use.第9 ⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：Passage SixQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the following passage.A Professor of life science will assign each of five students—Li Hua, Han Meimei, Li Ming, Xiao Long, and Xiao Fan—to exactly one of two research teams, the Jiang’an team and the Huaxi team. One team will have two members, and the other will have three members. One member of each team will be designated as facilitator. The assignment must satisfy the following conditions:•Li Hua is assigned to a different team than Xiao Fan is.•Li Ming is assigned to Jiang’an team.•Han Meimei is not a facilitator.•Xiao Fan is a facilitator.23. Which one of the following could be an accurate listing of the members and facilitatorsof the two research teams?A) Jiang’an team: Han Meimei, Li Ming(facilitator), Xiao Fan;Huaxi team: Li Hua, Xiao Long(facilitator)B) Jiang’an team: Han Meimei, Xiao Long, Xiao Fan(facilitator)Huaxi team: Li Hua(facilitator), Li MingC) Jiang’an team: Li Ming, Xiao Fan( facilitator)Huaxi team: Li Hua, Han Meimei(facilitator), Xiao LongD) Jiang’an team: Han Meimei, Li Ming, Xiao Fan(facilitator);Huaxi team: Li Hua(facilitator), Xiao Long24. Which one of the following must be true?A) Li Hua is assigned to Huaxi team.B) Xiao Fan is assigned to Jiang’an team.C) Li Hua and Xiao Long are not both facilitators.D) Neither Li Hua nor Han Meimei is a facilitator.25. If Xiao Long is assigned to Jiang’an team, then which one of the following must betrue?A) Han Meimei is assigned to Huaxi team.B) Li Hua is assigned to Jiang’an team.C) Xiao Fan is assigned to Jiang’an team.D) Xiao Long is a facilitator.第10 ⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：Part II Writing (35 points)Directions:In this part, you are allowed about 30 minutes for a Xu Writing （续写） of no fewer than 120 words based on the following passage taken from the textbook. (Attention: part of the original article has been adapted in the following passage for the convenience of all students to write about.)Scoring Rubric（评分参考）:•Coherence and cohesion with the given passage （续写内容与前⽂连贯度）（40%）;•Verbal dexterity （语⾔表达，包括语⾔⾃然流畅度和词汇丰富性等）（60%）.When I was growing up I was told, as many students are, to do what I am best at. But I didn’t know what that was. Most people think that when you are good at something, it comes easily to you. But this is what I discovered: just because a subject is difficult to learn, it does not mean you are not good at it. You just have to grit your teeth and work harder to get good at it. Once you do, there’s a strong chance you will enjoy it more than anything else.In eighth grade I took algebra. On one test I got only 36 percent of the answers correct. I failed the next one, too. I started to think, maybe I’m just no good at this. I was lucky enough to have a teacher who didn’t take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but simply as an indication that I should study more. He pulled me aside and told me he knew I could do better. He let me retake the tests, and I pulled my grade up to an A.I studied a lot in college, too. I had moments of panic while sitting underneath the buzzing fluorescent lights in the engineering library on Saturday afternoons, when I worried that I was not able to fully understand thermodynamics. But the guys in my classes had to work just as hard, and I knew that I couldn’t afford to lose confidence in myself. The ones that say that math comes more naturally to men or language would be easier to women are based on a faulty premise: that you can judge a person’s abilities separate from the cultural cues that they have received since they are infants. No man is an island. No woman, is either.Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? It may be true that some people favor the right side of their brain, and others the left. Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why can’t we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are?(357 words)第11 ⻚页，共 11 ⻚页试卷编号：。