酒吧文献翻译版
酒吧英文翻译
酒吧英文翻译BarA bar is a popular establishment that serves alcoholic beverages and is a place where people gather to socialize and unwind. It is usually a casual and lively environment with a variety of drinks, music, and entertainment. Bars can be found in many different forms such as sports bars, cocktail bars, dive bars, or wine bars, each catering to different tastes and preferences.One of the main attractions of a bar is its wide selection of drinks. This includes various types of beer, wine, spirits, and cocktails. Some bars specialize in a particular type of drink, such as a whiskey bar that offers a vast collection of different whiskey brands. Others may focus on creating unique and inventive cocktails that are crafted by skilled mixologists. Regardless of the type of bar, there is usually something to suit everyone's taste.Bars are also known for their lively and social atmosphere. It is a place where people come to relax, have fun, and socialize with friends or even meet new people. The ambiance is often enhanced by background music, which can range from live bands to DJs spinning the latest tunes. Many bars also have televisions, allowing patrons to watch sports games or other popular events while enjoying their drinks.In addition to drinks and music, some bars also offer food options. These can range from small bar bites and snacks to full meals. Some bars may partner with local restaurants or food trucks to provide a diverse selection of food options to their customers. Thisallows patrons to enjoy a complete dining and drinking experience in one place.Safety is an essential aspect of any bar. Bartenders and staff are trained to handle customer matters responsibly and ensure that patrons do not engage in excessive alcohol consumption. Most bars also have security personnel to maintain order and ensure the safety of everyone. It is important for bars to create a welcoming and inclusive environment where patrons can have a good time while feeling safe.Overall, bars play a significant role in society by providing a space for people to relax, socialize, and enjoy a wide range of alcoholic beverages. They offer a unique atmosphere that is separate from home or work, allowing individuals to unwind and have a good time. Whether you're a local looking for a place to hang out or a tourist wanting to experience the local nightlife, a bar is a great place to kick back, have a drink, and enjoy the company of others.。
酒吧文案精选英文带翻译
4. Example 4:
English: "Indulge in a sensory journey at our whiskey bar, where an extensive collection of rare and aged whiskies awaits your discovery. Immerse yourself in the world of whiskey connoisseurs."
1. Example 1:
English: "Step into our bar and experience the perfect blend of crafted cocktails, live music, and vibrant atmosphere.Unwind and indulge in a night to remember."
Translation: "加入我们的欢乐时光,享受半价饮品和开胃菜。准备好放松身心,品尝精选美酒和美味小吃。"
3. Example 3:
English: "Elevate your weekend with our rooftop bar, where breathtaking views and hand-crafted cocktails await. Make the most of your evenings with good company and great vibes."
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱTranslation: "在我们的威士忌酒吧,沉浸在一个感官之旅中,那里有大量珍稀和陈年威士忌等待着你的发现。尽情沉醉在威士忌鉴赏家的世界中。"
天台酒吧翻译BY uhjijykyk
For optimum ogling of iconic city skylines, there's a special place where city meets sky: the venerated rooftop bar. Skip out on the tourist hullabaloo at designated observatories— and the frenetic hubbub of the streets below—and head instead for lofty heights and bird's-eye views at high-profile, high-rise watering holes. These 10 rooftop bars are truly "tops," offering atmosphere that's even more intoxicating than your drink, and million-dollar views for the mere price of a cocktail.想要真正与美丽的地平线有个约会?我们的城市中也有这样的地方:高空中远离嘈杂的人群和旅游者的喧嚣,完美的视角鸟瞰城市之美和天际之蓝,壮观的高空喷泉,天台会酒吧都能为您实现,在以下十个地方,您只需要一杯鸡尾酒的价格就能体会真正“危楼高百尺,手可摘星辰”的壮怀。
Bangkok, ThailandMoon Bar at Banyan Tree Bangkok曼谷,泰国Moon酒吧,曼谷菩提树路From its 61st floor perch, this stunning helipad-cum-rooftop oasis ranks supreme for sultry sunset cocktails. A series of elevated platforms and low glass walls ensure prime 360-degree panoramas of the bustling Thai capital below. Book ahead for a table at the adjoining Vertigo restaurant, where an open-air grill turns out barbecued seafood and steaks.六十一层高空,直升机岛上享受迷人的落日鸡尾酒,领略高架平台和水晶墙为您提供的360度的繁华美景,整座曼谷城在您脚下。
欧美酒吧文化
酒吧文化论文当夜幕笼罩这座城市的时候,酒吧在都市美仑美奂的夜色中偷偷展露着她的笑脸,不张扬,不炫耀,在这流光溢彩的世界中显得分外的恬静。
放松抑郁的心情,忘却疲惫的身心,在那柔美的灯光、浮动的烟雾、流淌的音乐中感受生活、感受美好吧。
总序:在今天,酒吧已经成为时尚生活的象征.所以我们组选择了酒吧文化这个主题.我们今天所知道的公共酒店(pub)是18世纪的发明,在那之前有卖啤酒的啤酒店,这些啤酒常常是由妇女们在店内酿造的,我们称她们为啤酒店女主人或者酿酒人。
更让人觉得身心愉快的地方是那些建得更宽大的酒馆,在那里可以提供食物、马厩和各种类型的餐厅及会议室。
适应于不断变化的品位和新建筑的开放风格,在18和19世纪大量的酒吧被重建以迎合工业和城镇的新要求。
从二战开始,酒吧发生了更大的变革,以便和范围不断扩大的休闲娱乐业竞争。
许多酒吧开始卖食物,而另外一些则成为希望吸引年轻人的主题酒吧。
一:英国酒吧英国酒吧以独特的社交中心、社会生活的焦点、对流行文化的影响、历史资源和旅游吸引力而闻名于世界。
你如果没去过酒吧,那就等于没有到过英国。
英国是个冷漠而保守的社会,在大不列颠群岛上,把和陌生人友好地交谈看作是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所,可能就是吧台了。
大多数英国酒吧都没有服务员,你得到吧台去买酒。
对爱排队的英国人而言,酒吧里居然看不到正式的队伍。
酒保则是其中的关键了。
你可以做些动作引起酒保的注意,吸引酒保的注意。
而说到"小费",你可千万别给酒保现金以表示谢意。
正确的做法是请酒保喝一盅。
酒吧为自己的平等气氛感到自豪。
现金小费会使人想到酒保是伺候人的,请喝一杯才是友好的表示。
二:美国酒吧传统的美国酒吧,常常被叫做"BAR",它们为城市中辛苦工作一天的人们提供一个放松身心和朋友聚会的场所。
许多酒吧会放置一台大荧幕的电视机,用他们招揽顾客。
美国酒吧是用餐或者和朋友们喝一杯的好地方。
许多酒吧还会以提供各种进口的葡萄酒、啤酒以及装在附带龙头的酒桶里的地方啤酒等广泛选择为特色。
英国酒吧和中国酒吧的区别英语作文
英国酒吧和中国酒吧的区别英语作文English:British pubs and Chinese bars are both popular places for socializing and enjoying drinks, but there are some key differences between the two. In British pubs, there is a strong emphasis on tradition and history, with many pubs dating back centuries and retaining their original character. The atmosphere is often cozy and welcoming, with wooden interiors, open fires, and a sense of community. Customersin British pubs tend to linger for longer periods of time, engaging in leisurely conversations or playing traditional pub games like darts or pool. On the other hand, Chinese bars are often more modern and trendy, with sleek decor, mood lighting, and a focus on music and entertainment. Customers in Chinese bars tend to come and go more quickly, often stopping by for a quick drink before heading to their next destination. While British pubs typically serve a wide selection of ales, lagers, and ciders, Chinese bars may offer a more diverse range of drinks, including cocktails, craft beers, and imported spirits. Overall, the differences between British pubs and Chinese bars reflect the unique cultural and social contexts in which they exist.中文翻译:英国的酒吧和中国的酒吧都是社交和享受饮品的受欢迎场所,但两者之间存在一些关键区别。
标志设计和企业形象大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目:标志设计和企业形象文献、资料英文题目:文献、资料来源:文献、资料发表(出版)日期:院(部):专业:班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:翻译日期: 2017.02.14标志设计和企业形象George Adîr :Politehnica大学,313年,Splaiul Independentei,罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特A、Victor Adîr:Politehnica大学,313年,Splaiul Independentei,罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特B、Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu:Politehnica大学,313年,Splaiul Independentei,罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特文摘本文介绍了一个标志作为一个图形元素来支持企业的身份的重要性。
一个标志是一个图形的矢量,它在一个公司的营销策略中有一定的重要位置。
它是辨识一个公司的标准。
这就是为什么在标志设计领域能够设计出一个颜色和形状都配合出色的标志很重要的原因。
要设计出一个出色的标志,有两个阶段:首先,要进行研究和市场预测,第二,创意图形的制作。
这两个阶段对于成功设计一个出色的标志来说,是非常必要的。
©2012爱思唯尔出版有限公司。
在Prof. Dr. Ayse Cakir Ilhan监督审查下完成。
关键词:标志设计、图形符号、设计阶段,标志提升;1。
介绍首先我们必须明白标志到底是什么。
它是一个象征,一个图形和视觉信号,在一个公司的传播策略中扮演这一个重要的角色。
一个标志是一个清晰的图形元素,它使公司变得独特,与众不同,能够区别于其他公司。
一个标志是一个公司的象征,可能会像一个新概念,一个特定的生活方式等。
它是大众和公司的桥梁。
它集中的通过一个图形的细节来表达要传达的意义。
它是一个比较同类公司的信号。
这就是为什么创建一个标志不是一个随意的事情,是经过详细的分析、几何图形、颜色、各种标志和符号后得出的结果,把所有元素完美的混合在一起,创造出一个能够“吸引”并成为人们思想的一部分的标志。
酒吧设计毕业论文
酒吧设计毕业论文酒吧设计:创意与体验的完美结合引言:酒吧作为一种娱乐场所,早已成为城市夜生活的重要组成部分。
随着人们对生活品质的追求不断提升,酒吧设计也逐渐成为了一门独特的艺术形式。
本文将从创意与体验的角度,探讨酒吧设计的重要性以及如何实现独特的用户体验。
第一部分:酒吧设计的重要性酒吧设计不仅仅是为了提供一个供人们休闲娱乐的场所,更是一种文化的体现。
一个好的酒吧设计能够吸引顾客,提升酒吧的知名度和声誉。
通过独特的设计理念和创意元素,酒吧能够在众多竞争对手中脱颖而出,吸引更多的顾客。
第二部分:创意在酒吧设计中的应用创意是酒吧设计的灵魂所在。
设计师需要通过独特的创意元素,打造一个与众不同的酒吧空间。
例如,可以运用特殊的灯光设计,营造出独特的氛围;可以利用艺术品和装饰品来增加空间的艺术感;还可以将自然元素融入设计中,创造出舒适宜人的用餐环境。
创意的应用还可以体现在酒吧的室内布局上。
设计师可以通过合理的空间规划和布局,创造出不同的功能区域,例如舞池、包厢和吧台等。
同时,设计师还可以运用创意的家具和装饰品,打造出独特的用餐和休闲区域,提供更多选择给顾客。
第三部分:用户体验的重要性在酒吧设计中,用户体验是至关重要的。
一个好的酒吧设计应该能够给顾客带来愉悦的感受和舒适的体验。
通过合理的空间布局和舒适的座椅设计,顾客能够感受到舒适和放松。
同时,音乐和灯光的运用也能够增加顾客的娱乐感受。
除了舒适性外,用户体验还包括对服务的满意度。
一个好的酒吧设计应该能够提供高效、友好的服务,让顾客感受到宾至如归的待遇。
通过培训服务人员的专业素养和提供个性化的服务,酒吧能够赢得顾客的好评和忠诚度。
第四部分:如何实现独特的用户体验实现独特的用户体验需要设计师在酒吧设计中注重细节和创新。
首先,设计师需要了解目标顾客群体的需求和喜好,根据其特点来进行设计。
例如,对于年轻人群体,设计师可以运用时尚、前卫的设计元素;对于商务人士,设计师可以打造一个高雅、舒适的用餐环境。
汉语中英文借词的运用及翻译【文献综述】
文献综述英语汉语中英文借词的运用及翻译一、前言部分(说明写作的目的,介绍有关概念,扼要说明有关主题争论焦点)(一)写作目的在不同国家、民族间的经济文化交流的过程中,必然产生语言的交流和借用现象,汉语与英语也不例外。
它们是世界上使用人数众多的两种语言,虽然在语音、语法以及构词规则上都存在诸多差异,但它们的词库都相当庞大,尤其是借词在二者词汇中所占的比例都非常高。
在中国与世界接触日益频繁密切的今天,随着汉英语言接触的频率和密度不断提高,英语借词作为汉语外来词中的一类,其数量一直在不断增长,涉及的范围也越来越广,吸收方式呈现出多样化,成为汉语外来词中的主力军,既丰富和发展了汉语,也使得汉语很大程度上“西化”,并且还反映出中西文化交流的日益频繁。
本文通过研究英文借词,分析其在汉语中的运用及翻译,能让我们深入了解英文借词是如何广泛地在汉语中进行应用和它的翻译方法,了解语言间的亲属关系,才能摸索出英语词汇带有规律性的东西,以便我们更有效地学好英语。
(二)有关概念朱娅娜和吴丽丽(2009)把借词定义为:一门语言从另一门语言中借用过来的词汇。
梁改萍(2005)说:借词亦称外来词,是借用外国或外族词汇来表达信息的一种重要的社会语言现象。
Bolinger ,Dwigh(1993)提出:借词是雇佣一种符号转换抑或是符号混合的方式,后来称作借词,然后渐渐深入本土语层。
刘祖勤和胡勇提出:音译词(Phonetic loans)用汉字按被借词原来的读音转写成一般不能按汉字组合解释的新词,如咖啡(coffee)。
意译词(Loan translation)把原词的组成成分按语义转写成汉字,然后照汉语构词法把它们结合成新词,如热狗(hot dog)。
混合借词(Hybrids)混合借词有两种,一种是半音半意译,即将被借词的一部分按读音转写成汉字,另一部分按语义翻译成汉字,如英特网(Internet);另一种是在音译后面加上一个类指名词,表明它的属性或类别,如芭蕾舞(ballet)。
英国酒吧和中国酒吧的区别英语作文
英国酒吧和中国酒吧的区别英语作文(中英文实用版)Differences between British Pubs and Chinese BarsThe pub culture in the UK and the bar scene in China are both vibrant and unique in their own ways.However, there are several key differences between the two.Firstly, the ambiance and atmosphere differ significantly.British pubs are known for their cozy and traditional setting, often featuring wooden interiors, a fireplace, and comfortable seating.They serve as a place for locals to gather, socialize, and relax.On the other hand, Chinese bars tend to have a more modern and vibrant atmosphere.They are usually louder, with dynamic music and colorful lighting, creating an energetic environment for patrons to enjoy.Secondly, the variety of drinks also sets British pubs apart from Chinese bars.British pubs offer a wide range of beers, ales, and ciders, often including local and regional specialties.The focus is on quality and tradition.In contrast, Chinese bars often have a broader selection of cocktails, spirits, and sometimes imported beers.The emphasis is on variety and innovation, catering to a diverse clientele.Another difference lies in the food culture.British pubs typically serve traditional pub grub, such as fish and chips, burgers, andpies.These hearty meals are perfect companions to the alcoholicbeverages on offer.In contrast, Chinese bars often serve a variety of snacks and finger foods, known as "xiaochi." These may include dumplings, skewers, and other tapas-style dishes, encouraging socializing and sharing among friends.Furthermore, the social dynamics in British pubs and Chinese bars differ.Pubs in the UK often serve as a community hub where regulars are known by name and friendly conversations are common.The atmosphere is more laid-back and familiar.In Chinese bars, however, the scene is often more dynamic and socially competitive.Patrons may engage in games, karaoke, or participate in various events, making it a place for entertainment and showcasing individual talents.Lastly, the cultural significance of these establishments varies.British pubs are an integral part of the UK"s social fabric, representing a sense of community and tradition.They are often associated with local sports teams, events, and historical landmarks.In contrast, Chinese bars reflect the country"s rapidly evolving entertainment industry and urban lifestyle.They are seen as trendy and fashionable, attracting a younger crowd seeking new experiences.In conclusion, while British pubs and Chinese bars both offer a place for people to gather and enjoy drinks, they differ in ambiance, drink selection, food culture, social dynamics, and culturalsignificance.Appreciating these differences can enhance one"sunderstanding and enjoyment of the diverse drinking cultures around the world.英国酒吧与中国酒吧的差异英国的酒吧文化和中国的酒吧场景各有特色,但也存在一些显著的差异。
酒吧文化British Pubs《新理念交互英语教程2》Unit 1
英式传统酒吧一般指pub和bar。英国的酒吧文化有着一千多年的悠久历史,在此期间,它在英国人生活中的地位和所受欢迎的程
度始终没有改变,它一直被人们描述着,谈论着。据世界吉尼斯纪录记载,英国最古老的酒吧约为公元560年,传
统的英式酒吧都有着悠久的历史,讲究老字号的魅力,酒吧在招牌上标榜自己的创建时间是一件值得骄傲的事情。在很多古老的乡 间小镇,很多的老酒吧因为历史悠久,理所当然地成了当地的地标性建筑。 酒吧也是了接当地文化的一个重要场所。很多的酒吧都会以当地的重要物件、名人或他们的盾形徽章做招牌,酒吧内部会有很多精 致的饰品,窗台的小物件、墙上的壁画、墙角的颇具年代感的桌椅、越老越有味道,这些装饰都或多或少跟当地的历史文化有关系, 犹如当地的小型博物馆。
罪小说作家协会匕首奖,2005年更是成为史上最年轻的、代表终身成就的钻 石匕首奖得主,他的代表作《黑与蓝》和《死魂灵》都在酒吧中诞生。
英国酒吧的常见酒水
含酒精的饮料包括啤酒(beer)、果酒(cider)、雪利酒(cherry)、香槟酒(champagne)、 葡萄酒(wine)、鸡尾酒(cocktail)、马丁尼鸡尾酒(martini cocktail)、苦艾酒(vermouth) 及一些烈性酒(liquor or spirit),包括威士忌(whisky)、杜松子酒(gin)和白兰地(brandy) 等 不含酒精饮料包括各种果汁(fruit juice——orange juice,lemon juice,tomato juice,etc.))、汽酒(bubbling wine)、甜酒或玫瑰酒(sweet or rose)、可乐(cola)及矿 泉水(mineral water)等。
British Pub Culture
“If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain”
酒店餐厅介绍英文版带翻译
In-Room Dining: For guests who prefer to dine in the comfort of their room, we also offer an extensive in-room dining menu. From breakfast in bed to a late-night snack, our in-room dining options are available for your convenience. Enjoy a delicious meal without ever having to leave your room.
欢迎光临我们的酒店餐厅!我们自豪地提供多种餐饮选择,以满足各种口味和场合的需求。无论您是想要一顿休闲的餐点,浪漫的晚餐,还是商务午餐,我们都能为您提供一个完美的环境。我们的烹饪团队致力于为客人提供一个令人难忘和美味的体验。请继续阅读以了解更多有关我们餐厅的信息。
Casual Dining: Our casual dining option is perfect for guests who want a relaxed atmosphere and a diverse menu. Whether you're craving a hearty burger, a fresh salad, or some comforting pasta, our casual dining menu has something for everyone. The laid-back setting makes it ideal for families and friends togather and enjoy a meal together.
汉语中的英语外来词及翻译
汉语中的英语外来词及翻译作者:邓建农来源:《科学大众·教师版》2010年第09期摘要:中国的对外开放,带来了西方先进的科学技术、思想理念、异国文化,促进了中国社会现代化的发展,这直接反应在汉语中迅速增加的英语外来词中。
本文对英语外来词的产生进行了阐述,并探讨了英语外来词的翻译方法。
关键词:英语外来词;分类;翻译方法中图分类号:G623.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-3315(2010)9-132-002一、引言世界上所有活的语言都在随着时间的推移和社会的变迁而不断地发展变化。
当某一语言中的词汇无法描述当时社会的某些特定事物时,人们往往通过创造新词或借用“外来词”来表述,所谓“外来词”指的是一种语言从另一种语言中汲取进来的词语。
外来语是世界各民族间政治、经济、文化以及科技交流的必然产物。
语言大师爱德华·萨丕尔(Edward Sapir)曾经说过:“语言,像文化一样,很少是自给自足的。
交际的需要,使说不同种语言的人发生直接或间接的接触。
”“一种语言对另一种语言最简单的影响就是词的‘借贷”’。
随着中外交流合作速度的不断加快和深度的不断扩展,新观念、新事物、新运用不断涌现,语言作为一种社会现象,总是随着时代在不断发展变化,而语言中最敏感的就是词汇,外来词正是社会发展和变化在语言中的特殊体现。
改革开放30多年来,特别是进入上世纪90年代以后,汉语所吸收的外来词尤其是英语外来词越来越多。
英语外来词,正通过各种渠道涌入汉语,数量日渐增多,随时随处看见,这一方面说明了英语作为一门国际通用语为传播西方思想文化,以及沟通联系国际交往所具有的重要作用,另一方面也说明了改革开放后的中国正在加速其现代化、全球化的发展进程。
二、英语外来词的分类据资料表明,汉语从英语引入的词汇数量和速度已远远超过汉语本身新词产生的数量和速度,这些新词和表达逐渐流行开来,充实了汉语词汇,成为汉语语言中的有机组成部分。
研究生外文文献翻译 中英完整版
Discussion about the application of the anchor bar on theslope constructionFu Ming Fu , Zhang TianAbstract:There are some advantages in strengthening slope with the anchor bar, such as low project cost, convenient for construction and so on. It not only meets the requirement of the reliability of the construction, but also is economic and reasonable for the construction.Key words: anchor bar; slope; strengthening1.IntroductionAnchor technique uses strata geotechnical’s shear strength around bolt to deliver structures pulling force or keep strata of the excavation own stability. Due to the use of the anchor rod, Anchor strata produce compressive zone and have reinforcement effect to strata, can enhance the strength of strata, improve mechanical properties of strata, make structure and stratum together formed a kind of work together complex. Anchor system can effectively sustain tension and shear, improve shear strength of the potential sliding surface, so it can effectively prevent slope to produce sliding damage.Fig 1 after excavation of the slope2.Project profileThe length of a slope is about 60m, the most slope height is about 23m,the angle up to 50°~ 75°, a five-layer frame structure buildings is far from about 1.5 to 4m at its base edge, its foundation is artificial bored pile and its bearing stratum is in weathered phyllite. Due to the strong weathering of rocks, it was chunky, loosely structured, multi-muddy filling. It has residual slope deposits of silty clay overlying and local folder with a pulpy, low strength. Slope hadcollapsed at various locations, it is vary dangerous to the building, so we need to reinforce the slope, and we use stone concrete retaining wall and bolt to support it.3.Bolt retaining and protecting design3.1Bolt design(1)all formation of anchor use whole length bond-type, the binder materials are ordinary cement mortar, the mortar strength grade is M30, the anchor length L is 10 meters, the slope height h is 9 meters. Anchoring section length is 5m.(2)According to the construction condition and the needs of the process, the layout form of anchor use quincunx, and in order to make the anchoring force in the role of surface rock surface with uniform, the two adjacent line bolts should be staggered arrangement.(3)The anchor’s number according to /3.24 per meter to calculation, the anchor length is L, a tolal of 252. The diameter of drilling holes is φ90,the number of drill according to (L-0.1)m per hole to calculation, M30 grout number according to average 0.052m3per hole to calculation.(4)The two adjacent rows vertical spacing of anchor take 2.55m, horizontal spacing take 2.55m. The dip angle of anchor: with the angle of horizontal line is 20°, and drilling down with this Angle.(5)Anchor use the steel bar, which is HRB400 level, 28mm diameter.3.2Anchor calculation(1)The calculation of lateral geotechnical pressure[1][2]When the supporting structure to leave in rock and earth mass direction migration until to the limit equilibrium state, the geotechnical pressure which is role in supporting structure called active geotechnical pressure. Its calculation method is as follows:For the slope which has no flare structure surface, generally speaking, failure is controled by rock mass strength, the calculation formula is same to the active soil pressure, but cohesive force C take zero, internal friction angle ϕuse eϕ(rock mass equivalent internal friction angle) instead of, according to the standard to selection; rupture angle is 45°+ϕ/2(ϕis rock mass internal friction angle, is estimationed by haircut at the standard of rock mass internal friction angle, reduction factor according to the standard to selection).According to the engineering survey, active rock pressure can calculation as follows:(2)the calculation of anchor tension design value a Q ak N N γ= (1)(2) In the formula: a N is anchor tension design value; ak N is anchor tension standard value; Q γis partial load factor, take 1.3; tk H is the horizontal tension standard value of anchor; αis the dip angle of anchor.Through the calculation, ak N =112.3kN a N =145.99kN(3)the calculation of anchor steel section area(3) In the formula: S A is the steel section area of anchor; ογ is slope engineering importance coefficient(the slope engineering importance coefficient of this project is level 1, take 1.1); 2ξis the tensile working conditions coefficient of anchor bar ( permanent anchor take 0.69, temporary anchor take 0.92); y f is the tensile strength design value of anchor bar(standard value k y f =400a MP , design value y f =360a MP ).According to the calculation, S A ≥0.5883210m -⨯,choose level 3 steel of 1φ28mm,S A =0.6153210m -⨯.(4)The calculation of anchorage body and rock mass anchoring lengthanchoring length should not only meet the requirements which the bond force of formation on mortar and the bond stress of mortar on steel, but also meet the requirements that the Structure design codes the Minimum anchoring length.(4) In the formula: a l is the anchoring length; D is the diameter of anchorage body; rb f is the bond strength eigenvalue of layer and anchorage body, through the experiment or local experience sure, or according to the standard to selection ( this engineering ’s rock mass uniaxial compressive 2222111209tan (45)2090.217175.77/2222e a aE H K kN m ϕγ︒==⨯⨯⨯-=⨯⨯⨯=cos tkak H N α=2a S yNA f ογξ≥1ak a rbN l Df ξπ≥strength is 7.46a MP , belong to soft rock, rock mass structural plane development, rb f take 300a KP );1ξis the bond working conditions coefficient of anchorage body and layer (permanent anchor take 1.00).According to the calculation, a l ≥4.3m, take a l =5.0m.(5)The anchoring length between anchor steel and anchor mortara l ≥ (5) In the formula: a l is the anchoring length between steel and mortar; d is the diameter of anchor bar; n is the number of steel;b f is the bond strength design value between steel and anchor mortar, through the experiment sure, or according to the standard take 2.40; 3ξ is the working conditions coefficient of steel and mortar bond strength(permanent anchor take 0.60). According to the calculation, a l ≥2.1m ,take a l =5.0m.3.3 The construction technology and key points of anchorThe anchor ’s construction technology is as follows: build-up scaffold ——excavate and clear up the slope surface ——measures to fix position ——drill hole ——washing hole ——bolt put in a certain place ——grout ——colligation the end of the anchor ——flushing the slope surface ——pouring frame space ——Spray seed(1)This slope belong to rocky slope, after excavate the slope 10 cm to the underside of the frame space, set bolt and pouring frame space, then spray grass or seeds after borrowed soil 20 cm in the frame space.(2)the slope should be payed attention to clean up, when construction. The anchor should be placed after wash hole, then put pressure (0.4MPa) and grout. After the mortar fully solidification, colligation steel, cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame space, bend the end of the anchor and bind point by point with the skeleton steel.(3)Before drilling, the hole should be measured to fix position and then do mark. Pitch deviation is less than 150mm, hole depth error is less than 50mm. Try not remold the surrounding rock, when drill. Before Put the anchor, it should be attentioned that blow wash clean the water of the hole and rock powder and so on, and rust removal the body of rod. When grouting, builders 3a bN n df ογξπshould attention the grouting pressure and mortar ratio.Fig 2 anchor field construction drawing4.ConclusionIt is economical to reinforcement slope with bolt, and use the normal equipment, It is not only achieve safe and also economy and rational.(1) Today bolt technology is widely used in the project. It is an effective reinforcement measures to constraints sliding soil with the combining of bolt and concrete slope protection.(2) We must be sure to do geological exploration work of the slope to find out the nature of the rock and hydrogeological situation before reinforcing slope by grouting bolt.(3) Due to the factors of engineering geological conditions, grouting pressure and construction technology, we should be given adequate attention to the quality of construction.Reference[1]Technical code for building slope engineering (JGJ 120-99). The People's Republic nationalstandards. Beijing: China Architecture & Building PRESS.[2] Ying-Ren Zheng, Zu-Yu Chen etc. Engineering Treatment of Slope & Landslide [M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2007[3] LuoZhenHai. Talk shallowly the application of the anchor at the slope reinforcement[J]. FujianConstruction Science & Technology,2010,06:15-16浅谈锚杆技术在边坡工程中的应用1.引言锚杆技术是利用锚杆周围地层岩土的抗剪强度来传递结构物的拉力或保持地层开挖面的自身稳定。
酒吧翻译英文
酒吧翻译英文BarA bar is a place where people go to socialize, have a drink, and enjoy music and entertainment. It is a popular venue for gathering with friends or meeting new people. In a bar, you can order a variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, cocktails, and soft drinks.Bars come in many styles and themes. Some bars have a cozy and laid-back atmosphere, while others may have a vibrant and energetic vibe. The décor of a bar can vary greatly, from sleek and modern to rustic and traditional.The bar area typically consists of a counter where the bartenders prepare and serve the drinks. Behind the counter, there is usually a selection of alcoholic beverages displayed on shelves. Bartenders are skilled professionals who are knowledgeable about different types of drinks and are able to create various cocktails according to customer preferences.There are different types of bars catering to different tastes and preferences. Some bars focus on serving a wide selection of beers, including craft beers and imported brands. These bars often have a relaxed and casual ambiance, attracting beer enthusiasts and those looking to try new and unique brews.Cocktail bars, on the other hand, specialize in creating unique and creative cocktails. Bartenders at these bars have extensive knowledge of mixology and can create a wide range of classic andinnovative cocktails using a variety of spirits, fruit juices, and garnishes.Sports bars are popular among sports fans who want to watch their favorite games while enjoying a drink and some bar food. These bars typically have large TV screens broadcasting live sports events, creating a lively and energetic atmosphere.Many bars also offer live music performances, featuring local bands and musicians. These venues provide a platform for emerging artists to showcase their talent and attract a diverse crowd of music enthusiasts.In addition to drinks, bars often serve a variety of finger foods and snacks. These can range from simple bar snacks like nuts and pretzels to more substantial options such as burgers, sandwiches, and fried appetizers. Some bars even have full menus, offering a range of dishes for customers to enjoy.Overall, bars are a popular destination for people looking to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a drink or two. They provide a lively and enjoyable atmosphere where people can relax and have a good time. Whether you are looking for a quiet pub or a vibrant nightclub, there is a bar out there to suit every taste and preference.。
英语中的酒文化
ENGLISH ON CAMPUS2022年14期总第610期英语中的酒文化摘 要:酒作为一种特殊的文化载体,在人类生活中占有独特地位。
本文的研究聚焦于英语中的酒,具体而详细地介绍了英语中酒的类型及简介(原料、产地、成分、工艺等)、酒的鉴赏、酒的饮用等核心酒文化,并详细解释了其文化内涵。
依据翻译目的论,分析探究关于酒的词汇的翻译。
关键词:酒的类型;酒的鉴赏;酒的饮用作者简介:庞晓红(1975.11-),女,甘肃天水人,甘肃工业职业技术学院公共教学部,讲师,硕士,研究方向:认知语言学。
酒作为一种特殊的文化载体,在人类生活中占有独特地位。
酒文化已经渗透到人类社会生活中的各个领域,对人文生活、文学艺术、医疗卫生、政治经济等方面都有影响和作用。
古今中外,对于酒的研究不可胜数。
近年来,中西酒文化的比较研究也有很多学者涉猎。
中西酒文化的研究多集中于中西酒文化的比较上:中西酒文化之历史渊源、中西酒文化之酿造与工艺、中西酒文化之饮酒习俗、中西酒文化之饮酒方式等。
这些研究多选取宏观视角,对比中西酒文化在以上各方面的异同,体现出不同民族酒文化的风格迥异与丰富多彩。
本文的研究聚焦于英语中的酒,具体而详细地介绍了英语中酒的类型及简介(原料、产地、成分、工艺等)、酒的鉴赏、酒的饮用等酒文化,详细解释了其文化内涵。
依据翻译目的论,分析探究相关酒词汇的翻译。
一、泛义的酒目的论(Skopos Theory)是由德国功能派翻译理论家汉斯·威密尔提出的。
翻译目的论有三个原则: 目的原则、连贯原则和忠诚原则。
第一,翻译是一种行为,任何行为都有目的;翻译目的是指译文的交际目的,由翻译过程的发起者或赞助人决定。
第二,连贯原则指译文必须符合译入语的表达习惯,具有可读性和可接受性,并在目的语文化及所使用的译文交际环境中有意义。
连贯是指译文和原文不能割裂。
第三,忠诚原则又叫语际一致原则,指译文应忠实于原文,体现为译文与原文的一致性。
浅析英语外来词对现代汉语的影响及其规范
2472020年46期总第538期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS浅析英语外来词对现代汉语的影响及其规范文/张亚文 王 妙 王国英两种:(1)完全音译词。
即按照英语发音用汉字加以改造后进行记录,如 “俱乐部(club)”“香波(shampoo)”“托福(TOEFL)”“华盛顿(Washington)”“巧克力(chocolate)”“席梦思(Simmons)”“克隆(clone)”等。
(2)音译兼意译词。
因为不能说其是从意思上与英文词进行对应,这类词只是译者在翻译时对其进行适当的加工,从而形成既表音又能组成某种字面意思的词,使人能够产生某种联系,所以这类词从根本上讲是音译。
如:“可口可乐(coca cola)”,不能理解为“可口的可乐”;同样“脱口秀(talk show)”,不能理解为“脱口的秀”。
3.音译加译类词。
即在翻译的时候在译音的同时在该词后面或前面加上类别,如“卡片(card)”“艾滋病(AIDS)”“酒吧(bar)”“啤酒(beer)”“比萨(pizza)”“雪茄烟(cigar)”等。
4.半音译半意译词。
这类词不同于前面所提到的音译兼意译词,前者属于音译词,而半音译半意译词则是将一个词分为两部分翻译,一部分采用译音方式翻译,另一部分采用意译方式翻译,如“新西兰(New Zealand)”“康桥(Cambridge)”“乌托邦(Utopia)”“迦南圣地(the Land of Canaan)”等。
5.字母词。
字母词的来源有以下几种:(1)英文单词,如“Windows”(视窗系统);(2)英文缩略词,如“WTO”“GDP”“DNA”“ NBA”等;(3)汉语英文缩写,如“CCTV”“CBA”等;(4)汉语拼音缩写,如“HSK(汉语水平考试)”,又如网络流行语中的“GG”“MM”等;(5) 包含有英文字母的词,如“B超”“X光”“阿Q”“APEC蓝”“江南style”“航母style”“新技能get”“PH值”“T恤衫”等。
酒吧的英文对话
1. Welcome to our bar.欢迎光临我们的酒吧。
2. Nice to meet you again.很高兴再次见到您。
3. Please wait a moment.请稍等一下。
4. Is there anything I can do for you?还有什么事需要为您效劳吗?5. Thank you for your coming,Good-bye.谢谢您的光临,再见。
6. Thank you,We don't accept tips.谢谢您,我们不收小费。
7. Would you like to have cocktail or whisky on the rocks? 您要鸡尾酒还是要威士忌加冰?8. Would you mind filling in this inquiry form?请填一下这张意见表好吗?9. Leave it to me.让我来吧。
10. Please bring me a pot of hot coffee.请给我一壶热咖啡。
11. Can you act as my interpreter?你可以做我的翻译吗?12. Do you honor this credit card?你们接受这张信用卡吗?13. Please give me a receipt.请给我一张发票。
14. It is no sugar in the coffee.咖啡里没有糖。
15. I'd like to see your manager.我要见你们的经理。
16. Please give me another drink.请给我另一份饮料。
17. Please page Mr. I.i in the bar for me.请叫一下在酒吧里的李先生。
18. Will you take charge of my baggage?你可以替我保管一下行李吗?19. Would you care for a glass of sherry with your soup?在喝汤的时候是否要一杯雪利酒?20. Your friends will be back very soon你的朋友很快会回来。
参考文献,中英文翻译
参考文献[1] 段汉明.城市详细规划设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.[2] 王受之.当代商业住宅区的规划与设计.中国建筑工业出版社.2001[3] 吴良镛.人居环境科学导论.中国建筑工业出版社.2001[4] 扬·盖尔.交往与空间EM3.北京:建筑工业出版社,2002[5] 王薇薇.居住区交往空间环境设计初探 EJ3.江苏建筑,2007,6(1):17— 18[6] 赵庆华.浅谈居住区的户外交往空间EJ3.山西建筑,2002,28 (6):12— 13[7] 陈向东.创造良好的居住环境一居住区归属感的探索EM3.北京:时代建筑出版社,1998[8] 张程.浅析居住区邻里交往空间设计的要点EJ3.山西建筑,2006,32(9):21—22[9] 夏更寿.园林建筑小品的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2004,32(4):640— 642[10] 陈易.自然之韵——生态居住社区设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003.[11] 黄越、刘建德.“市场与经济”主导“形式与空间”[J].建筑学报,2005(10):56—57.[12] 王彦军.走向新社区——城市居住社区整体营造理论与方法.南京:东南大学出版社,2003[13] 邓述平、王伸谷.居住区规划设计资料集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996[14] 黄一如.现代居住环境的探索和实践.北京:中国国建筑工业出版社,2002[15] 王华.居住社区中的“邻里交往”与“空间环境”分析[J].建筑知识,2004(3):13—1 5.[16] 城市居住区规划设计规范 (GB50180--93)[17] GB50220-95.城市道路交通规划设计规范[S]外文资料Planning and Design of Association Space of residential AreaXiaLiangdongAbstract: The association space refers to the indoor and outdoor space for communication between residents.The article presents an overall discussion of the necessity,hierarchy and functionality of association space,with a wish to create positive and healthy association atmosphere and stimu—late good communication among residents so that the residential area can become a homeland full of love and harmony.Keywords:residential area;association space;necessity;hierarchy;Functionality0 forewordAs the housing system reform and the rapid development of real estate, urban residential areas large urban settlements have emerged on the layout of residential buildings, public buildings, public green space, life and living facilities such as roads, to provide urban residents live in the community and The establishment, is an integral part of the city. Exchanges between the living room area residents is to communicate and exchange of indoor and outdoor space.At this stage, people's living standards greatly improved the living environment of continuous improvement district. Developers should not only focus on residential construction and the reasonable comfort, paying greater attention to the construction of residential environment. However, the current environment in the construction of residential areas, they are often the natural ecology of greening the environment is much more to consider, and the promotion of exchanges between the residents of the space environment to consider less, environmental construction can not meet the occupants of the psychological characteristics and needs. From the basic physiological needs gradually to meet the psychological and cultural fields of promoting a higher level, the residential area is not only the function of living, but also people's thinking and feelings of the local exchange. Therefore, the strengthening of exchanges between the residential areas of space construction, increase residential neighbourhood affinity, should be developed in the planning and construction of residential areas should also consider the issue.How to conduct exchanges between the residential areas of space planning and design, improve people's quality of life, the author of his own real estate development experience and try to contact the living room area of need, level of functionality for aReview.A residential area of exchanges between the need for spaceExchanges between the residential areas to create space for the process, in a sense, is in the course of exchanges between the people and the natural world and define the space environment between the development process.1.1 exchanges create a space to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of residents.Jan • Gaelic i n the "contacts and space," a book, the residents will live within the community of contacts divided into three categories: ① necessity of activities (such as school, work, etc.), the participants did not have much choice, subject to very little Material and environmental impact; ②spontaneous activities (such as walking, wait-and-see stop, etc.), greatly dependent on the quality of material and the space environment: ③social activities (such as children's games, chatting and people-to-people contacts between the passive January 1 simple See, hear, etc.), also, to a certain extent, the impact of material and the space environment. Therefore, the exchanges between the residential area of the space will create a direct impact on the residents of the contacts. As people's living standards gradually improved, the residents of the spiritual and cultural needs arising from the exchanges with the requirements will be getting higher and higher.Create a space of 120 contacts is the need to maintain traditional family ties Traditional historical neighborhoods and the living units Daza Yuan on the shape of an objective to maintain and develop the neighbourhood family. As the market economy and the development of new residential development and construction, and many residents to move to multi-storey high-rise residential, the link between households and households reduce, and even people are not familiar with the portal. At the same one floor, did not know each other very common phenomenon, the traditional relations in the neighbourhood gradually indifferent. Carry forward the traditional virtues, to promote family residential, Healthy demonstration projects in the country has long been proposed for residential"High-quality, new life", which "new life", including guidance on the new concept of living, to guide the new consumer awareness, a new form of exchanges, to form a new management model, and so on five aspects. According to this standard, the exchanges create a space it is very important.Create a space of 130 contacts is the need to build a harmonious society Residential area is to build a harmonious society space unit, a harmonious society is an important part. A residential area of a harmonious society can be harmonious.Harmonious residential areas should be a moderate consumption of economic, social management, diversification and harmonious relations between the neighbours, living environment, and with the humanistic spirit and the rich local cultural characteristics of the geographical space. From the hardware side, there should be a scientific and rational planning, good construction quality, improve infrastructure, the complete establishment of contacts, good landscape. From the software side, there should be quality property management, and improve the community-based organizations, the rich cultural atmosphere, good morality. Therefore, the exchanges between the space as an integral part of residential areas, create a far-reaching significance, and China recently and residential real estate will be put on the "build a harmonious family residential district," the objective is consistent.2 residential district-level exchanges between the space ofThe living space planning and construction in accordance with people at different times, different locations, different activities in different levels of privacy, can be divided into private space, semi-private room, semi-public space, public space, the formation of four space-related fields. The level and the field of space will help create a sense of belonging among the residents and enhance the interaction and pro-neighborhood and. People from the private space into the public space, is a gradual process. In this process, after all the residents of different levels of outdoor space, making contacts to become a necessity.2.1 residential building space to create exchangesDwellers in privacy is assured and meet under the premise of hope neighbourhood close, harmonious and to mutual exchanges and contacts. Therefore, the need to have exchanges between the space settings, and create a way as follows:2.11 expand the staircase depthStaircase is home residents in the buffer space, but also public housing tenants upstairs room at the break. The platform is too small to affect the length of stay of residents, not conducive to the exchanges between the residents. Expand the staircase depth, increase platform space, will increase their contacts, exchanges of opportunity.2.12 set up home gardensGarden is home residents into the indoor space for the transition, here, achieved a semi-private room for the transition to private space, residents here can support grass flowers, reception guests. Nanjing-day Hong Villa-home platform into the home in the Garden set up a grill door, both outdoor green landscape will be conducted to the interior of the extension, for two people through the grille gate to create anopportunity for exchange.2.13 expand the unit foyer areaUnit in the entrance foyer area and configure the appropriate expansion of some facilities such as rest stool, reading Baolan, a resident contacts, rest places, and units of the immediate household contacts. Conditional foyer can also do a lobby for households in this exchange, chat.2.14 bottom overheadResidential Design for the elevated bottom of open space and ensure the smooth flow of green space on the ground. Supported by flowers, Zuodeng facilities as residents of rest, such as chat room, and in connection with outdoor landscape, easy to create a good atmosphere for exchanges. Even rainy day also will not be affected, adding unlimited life for fun.2.15 set-Gallery- Gallery of traditional Chinese architecture is a form of construction, is a form can be effective in promoting exchanges between the people of the fun of space incentives, are widely used in modern residential design, such as the Osmanthus Hangzhou City District, Guangzhou Zhuyun Villa And so on. Gallery-factor here is traffic, and the exchange of places, played a role in the integration of the adjacent space, people can chat here, the sun, and so on.2.16 exchanges of high-rise buildingThe rising high-rise building in the physical environment restrictions on the freedom of the people exchanges, to reduce contact between the residents, the elderly rest, the lack of children's play space. Therefore, the high-rise building in the interval to set up a number of similar exchanges in the Chamber of good will to solve these problems. In this way, for the elderly in the rest of the space, to provide children with a playground, and the promotion of social interaction among residents.2.17 Roof GardenOn the platform set up in the roof garden, an increase of green space, was restored to the construction of the ground. People in this walk, fitness, chat, natural contact, an increase of exchanges between the residents of places to create a multi-level exchanges between the space.220 yards, a delegation of the association space"To achieve effective settlements between the groups and the exchanges have recognized the need for clear and appropriate areas of the border and logo." China's traditional courtyard space is part of building space, the area is a strong sense of spaceand border patterns, the neighbourhood is to increase exchanges and contacts between the effective means. Beijing Da Zayuan the old mode of living, residents of harmonious relations in harmony, a human face. Renowned architect Wu Liangyong design of the Beijing-ju infants alley, inheritance and development of this form of living.Shanqiang residential use of the wrong column, platform height difference, changes in residential space, residential settings between Lianlang, plants of the tube, creating a "siege without closure, without dredging through" the group space and formed a semi-private, semi-public The field of space. In the courtyard between the layout Zuodeng, the elderly here Xiejiao, Cuxitanxin, no longer feel lonely: reserve some space, children play in the home, mothers can be seen here in the kitchen, children no longer worried about the safety of: Members of mutual Reference , And mutual exchanges, and exchanges are deep-seated. Not only enhance the feelings and prevent the formation of a collective consciousness, to effectively prevent the destruction and crime, security, have been protected.So that more people can enjoy the environmental landscape comfort, more and more developers are good attention to the landscape of the building. Pichu in the group in a space, as a delegation of the public landscape. However, they often re-design of "visual effect" light "social effect." Although the construction of a large number of hardware shops, flower beds, shrubs planted Joe, it lacks some residents to promote exchanges between the rest of the shelters, chairs, and affected the exchanges between the extension of the neighbourhood. Therefore, the delegation landscape in the strengthening of public infrastructure construction, and create a space for exchanges, will promote exchanges between the residents of outreach.2.3 exchanges between the public spaces to create spaceBy the semi-public space to public space, people exchanges between the exchanges from the neighbourhood to the public exchanges, contacts between the characteristics of exchanges between the decision to create a space for the different practices.2.3.1 open space for public relationsResidential area of central green space is often the area of public venues, as shared by the entire population, is the residential area of the "living room." Here, residents of various gatherings, community activities, fitness. Open space should be designed, without borders and at the same time, various groups in the residential area green space to the center of the road, should be easily accessible, guide the people into public space, to participate in contacts and exchanges.2.3-2 and landscape combine PiecesResidential area of landscape and people's exchanges with the interaction between people in the landscape before the stop watch, the exchanges have the desire, with the landscape, more full of vigor. Therefore, public exchanges between the space and landscape Pieces should be combined, such as sculpture on the square, around the fountain Waterscape layout Zuodeng, people appreciate the side of sculpture, fountain, while exchanges and reduce the distance between people. At the same time should play a guiding role in the landscape, emphasizing participation, attractive to flow through the landscape, gathering popularity.3 exchanges between the living room area of the building featuresDifferent groups of people because of their age, occupation, cultural background of different exchanges of the functions of space have different needs. According to the characteristics of different populations and demand for space contacts between the different functions of the building, creating a different theme of space, will help attract people from outside, spontaneous interaction.3.1 exchanges between the functions of space and building occupants should be suited to the age structureChildren naturally active, have a strong sense of curiosity, games and more activities for climbing, jumping, leisure, such as Xishua. Therefore, the venue should be set up in the slides, swings, Leisure Pool, bunkers and other facilities, taking into account the needs of adults to care for children, some blocks in the surrounding layout stool. On the one hand, children in the game was physical and mental exercise, on the other hand, care for the children of people have been exchanges.Young people like sports. Therefore, in order to increase the sports facilities, planning to basketball courts, tennis courts and other sports space. However, it should be far from some residential, so as to avoid interference on the daily life of residents. Like the elderly in the early morning fitness, such as doing Qigong, a tai chi, like the rest of the time playing chess, play cards, chat, Yangniao such activities. Therefore, to make space in the small square, booths, equipped with Taiwan, tables, chairs and other facilities.3.2 exchanges between the space to take into account the function of building barrier-free facilities layoutExchanges between the living room area is a complex environment, including roads, green space, Pieces, facilities and other environmental factors. Exchanges between the functions of building space in addition to meet the normal use, should give fullconsideration to the disabled, the elderly vulnerable groups, such as the use of a barrier-free design. Barrier-free environment of space means exchanges with no obstruction and dangerous. If the import unit designed around 1.5 m x 1.5m above the level of space for wheelchair users stay; unit foyer reserved space for wheelchairs and Childs vehicles to facilitate wheelchair and Childs vehicles stored: in public relations to the road space On both sides, who set up blind road trip on the trail for the blind walking: the sidewalk in the end, a height difference of the junction, a height difference of public platform set up the ramp for wheelchair users access; elderly morning exercises in the square, as far as possible Be flat no height difference, the use of anti-skid surfacing materials: children playing in the park, the use of soft mats and safety warning signs in different exchanges of space, by setting up the Pieces and personalized theme sculpture, to enhance space And the recognition of sexual orientation, and so on.4 ConclusionIn residential areas of planning and construction, we must be people-centered, according to create a functional level and living space area contacts at all levels, from the psychological and physical needs of starting, through the space environment to create, create a positive, healthy exchanges between the atmosphere, Residential area into a harmonious family homes. Meanwhile, the exchanges between the living room area of thinking and innovation, and developers need to continue to carry out exploration.References[1] Yang • Gaelic. Exchanges and space [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press.[2] Wang. Living in the community, "the neighbourhood exchanges" and "space" of [J], building knowledge, 2004 (3) :13-1 5.[3] Nielan Health, Song Kun. Create a pleasant living space - LJ. Architectural Journal, 1997 (11) :29-31中文翻译居住区交往空间规划与设计夏良东【摘要】居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间:文章从交往空间营造的必要性、层次性、功能性加以综述,旨在通过交往空间的营造,创造出积极、健康的交往氛围,促进居民交往,使居住区成为亲情和谐的家园。
1368个单词就够了-中文翻译版
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我的首次酒吧英文版。二
The first time to a barThis is my first time to step into a bar. It doesn't seem to be the same thing as I imagined, but it seems to be the same thing.When I entered, I was stopped and checked for relevant certificates and security checks.I couldn't open my eyes when the laser light was flashing. Those rhythmic music made me panic. I was eager to leave. Everyone here should speak at the usual volume. Everyone is in the color of the light, but I really think the four words "drunken". I am suddenly afraid that this is the contemporary people, this group of people, some of whom are the people who support this society. Did they all live this kind of life? Everyone should shake his body with the rhythm. On weekdays, very serious people shake their heads by the effect of alcohol. Is it possible to release their nature here? Is this the main way of entertainment for contemporary people? Everyone toasted each other at the wine table. I feel the cells all over me are resisting. I thought I would be very excited, but I have cold hands and feet. It's embarrassing to see so many excited people.。
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历史在路易斯安那州的一个萧条时期的酒吧历史上有许多供人们聚集来喝酒饮水的建设场所,这些场所被人们叫做许多不同的名字。
即使一个场所使用了一个不同的名字,例如“小酒馆”,那么像这样的有调酒师为顾客提供酒水饮料服务的场所通常被叫做“酒吧”。
20世纪的上半叶在许多国家例如,芬兰,冰岛,挪威和美国都禁止以提供酒精饮料的小酒馆的存在,凡在禁止期限内,非法酒吧通常被称为“不公开营业的酒吧”。
法律限制在许多的司法管辖区,法律禁止未成年人进入酒吧。
城市和小镇的酒吧通常在酒吧的选址和被提供给顾客的酒精的种类两个方面有合法的限制。
一些穆斯林国家,包括文莱,伊朗,利比亚,沙特阿拉伯,阿联酋和沙迦酋长国,禁止出于宗教原因开设酒吧。
其他一些穆斯林国家,包括巴林,卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国,虽然允许开设酒吧,但只允许非穆斯林在他们喝。
酒吧的种类一个酒吧的所有者和管理者会选择在酒吧的名称,装饰,饮料菜单,照明,以及他们认为会吸引更多的顾客某种其他因素。
然而,他们对谁光顾他们酒吧的影响力有限。
因此,一个酒吧提供一类人某种个性化的服务,随着这种服务和关顾的客人的完善和增加,那么喜欢它的顾客也会越来越多。
例如,随着时间的推移,一个有同性恋酒吧舞池可能吸引了越来越多直接的客户群。
比如一个蓝调酒吧可能成为一个骑自行车的酒吧,如果它的顾客大部分是骑自行车。
鸡尾酒休息室是一个高档酒吧,通常位于一个酒店,餐厅,或机场。
一个葡萄酒吧是一个高雅的酒吧,这种酒吧只提供葡萄酒(没有啤酒或者烈性酒)。
这类酒吧的顾客一般会在购买之前要品尝一下葡萄酒的味道。
一些酒吧还提供了其他的服务,比如为顾客提供一些小吃零食,让顾客能有额外的体验。
潜水酒吧是一个非常正规额酒吧酒吧的娱乐活动项目按酒吧娱乐活动的不同种类的提供来进行分类,包括:1、裸体酒吧:在这类酒吧里,被雇佣的裸体女性会通过跳舞或者提供酒水饮料来进行服务。
2、体育酒吧:在这类酒吧里,体育爱好者可以观看大屏幕电视游戏。
3、莎莎酒吧:在这类酒吧里,客人跟着莎莎舞拉丁的音乐跳舞。
4、跳舞酒吧:顾客跟着录制好的音乐在酒吧的舞池中跳舞。
但是如果一个跳舞酒吧有一个非常大的舞池,并且雇佣了专业的DJ,它被认为是夜总会或者迪斯科舞厅。
酒吧的顾客按酒吧的顾客的不同种类分类,包括:1、骑车酒吧:这是摩托车爱好者经常光顾的酒吧,在一些地区还会有摩托车团对成员。
2、同性恋酒吧:同性恋男子或女子在那里跳舞和社交。
3、警匪酒吧:在那里聚集着非执勤执法人员。
4、单身酒吧:在这里有许多大多没有结婚的男性和女性进行社交和见面。
酒吧的柜台在酒吧的柜台上,柜台服务是由一个被称作酒吧调酒师人来进行的,如果该术语被用作提喻法,那么拥有这样柜台的地方就是所谓的酒吧饮酒场所。
酒吧通常存储了各种啤酒,葡萄酒,烈酒,和非酒精成分,是为方便酒保的工作。
在此次的论述文中的酒吧最早已经在1592年被使用,它在剧作家罗伯特格林的值得注意的发现Coosnage中被提及。
然而,有人认为一个柜台的服务方法是英国布鲁内尔伊桑巴尔,伟大的维多利亚时代的工程师发明的。
这项发明是为了更迅速的为在斯温登的乘客提供服务,在这种地方,通常顾客都会在一个时刻点,例如到站的时候,会突然聚集非常多的客人,这些客人在茶点室聚集,人多的可以让大西部铁路列车机车改道。
它还声称,第一个提供酒精服务的酒吧是在伦敦的西部大饭店安装的。
服务于其他类型的视频和饮料的柜台也被称为是酒吧。
例如,包括沙拉酒吧,寿司酒吧,和圣代酒吧等等。
地点澳大利亚在澳大利亚从殖民地时期到现在的持牌商业酒精经销商的主要形式是酒吧(pub),一个当地的英文表达。
直到20实际70年代,澳大利亚的酒吧被传统地分为有性别区分的不同酒吧类型——“公众酒吧”只对男人开放,然而“休闲酒吧”或者“沙龙酒吧”既能为男性开放,也能为女性开放(即为混合酒吧)。
在逐渐反歧视立法和妇女权力运动的的发展下,这种区别是逐渐被消除了的,那种只为男性开放的酒吧的观念也逐渐被消除。
然而还存在两种酒吧,一类是来源于“公众酒吧”将进入低端市场,然而另一个派生于“休闲酒吧”将会越来越成为高端市场。
随着时间的推移,伴随着游戏机进入酒店,许多“休闲酒吧”已经或正在转化成游戏室。
在20实际50年代中期,之前的对酒牌严格的法律限制逐步地放宽和改革,结果是酒吧的营业时间被放宽了,这在一定程度上凶啊出了相关的与早关门的社会问题,特别是臭名昭著的“六点钟泔水”- 与繁荣的贸易“狡猾熟料”(非法酒精销售)。
更多持牌酒店开始出现,包括零售“瓶装商店”(柜台销售酒瓶以前只在酒吧被提供并被严格控制)。
特别是在悉尼,一类新的持牌处所:“葡萄酒酒吧”出现,它在提提供酒水的时候会附带的提供一连串的餐饮服务,在60年代末70年代初,这些场地变得非常流行,许多提供免费娱乐,正在成为这一时期悉尼音乐舞台的一个重要方面。
今天在澳大利亚主要城市有一个大范围的氛围和多样化的酒吧场景,模式,样式,能为每一个国际性的社会阶层提供服务。
加拿大加拿大吸收了许多在英国传统上很常见的公众房。
加拿大吸收了英国式的小酒馆里(也被美国吸收),这是在整个60年代和70年代最流行的酒吧的类型,特别是工人阶级的人民。
加拿大的小酒馆,仍然可以在加拿大北部偏远地区发现,有长凳围绕着长桌子。
在这些小酒馆的顾客往往点大夸脱瓶酒和便宜饮料“酒吧品牌”加拿大黑麦威士忌。
在某些省份,小酒馆曾经有男女分开的入口。
在最近的几十年加拿大采取了诸如“骑车酒吧”较新的美国传统酒吧(诸如“骑车酒吧”和“体育酒吧”)。
因此“pub”经常会与术语“酒吧(bar)”有区别的,在酒吧(bar)设计上通常是有主题的,还有一个酒吧舞池(例如跳舞酒吧),与被叫做(pub)的酒吧不一样,这类酒吧在风格上往往更类似于一个英国酒馆。
20世纪80年代中期以前的大部分“酒吧”,它们从事销售酒精服务,不论他们的外观怎么样还是他们卖什么都被简称为小酒馆。
随着在美国发生的重大生活方式的趋势改变,“酒吧”的趋势迅速蔓延到加拿大。
加拿大体育酒吧通常装饰有特色的商品及工具来满足地方曲棍球队,顾客观看大屏幕电视的游戏。
在90年代中期起开始注重小酒馆的外观,感觉,甚至是英国式酒吧的名字。
一个简单的例子是名为“狐狸和菲德尔”,作为一个酒吧的名字,像这样的名字很少出现过。
在“pub”与“bar”相比在很大程度上是不一样的。
关于酒吧的法律限制都是由加拿大各省和地区制定的,这导致了大量的差异性。
虽然有些省份对酒吧的规定有很严格的限制,建立严格的截止时间,禁止饮酒的场所搬迁,但是也会有其他更加开放的省份。
在艾伯塔省,例如,顾客可以在夜间结束的时候订购“外卖啤酒”,这种做法在一些省份是非法的,例如在安大略省。
一般营业时间从2:00到4:00。
在蔺新斯科舍省,特别是在哈利法克斯,直到20世纪80年代,一个非常不同的以性别为基础的法律体系实施了几十年。
小酒馆,酒吧,大厅,和其他的分类基于它是否包括男性或者女性,男人和被邀请的女人或者混合型的不同而相异,反之亦然。
在此之后,终告夭折,水厕问题导致许多酒店化妆间要么被重建,要么在厨房或楼上大厅管道允许的情况下安装设施,与原客厅男子的设施一样。
印度酒吧在印度主要集中在城市,像德里地铁,孟买,班加罗尔,海得拉巴,果阿等。
班加罗尔有时候被称为城市的酒吧,因为有200多酒吧和酒店位于该城市。
果阿地区因为旅游业也形成了很多酒吧和酒馆。
然而在印度的其他地区很少有酒吧。
酒水服务大多被餐馆所提供。
酒吧或者酒馆专门地提供在本地区制造的酒(fenny,棕榈酒等)。
他们不用传统的酒,但通常提供几个小点心和食物。
这些酒吧通常营业不景气,并且它们主要为工人阶级的客户群提供提供服务。
也是许多“格卢店”或“Bevco”消费者更喜欢在“烈酒商店”购买烈性酒“当地被称作Thekas、(喀拉拉邦),这些商店专门出售烈性酒),这些顾客更倾向于在家里消费他们所购买的烈酒。
最近,酒吧都不断地出现在小城市,但是,这些酒吧主要是满足男性顾客和一个不同于西方社会的集线器。
例如,在昌迪加尔,印度最现代化的城市之一,政府发展了酒馆,在那里人们可以买到酒的市场价格,它与零食在餐厅一起体面地被提供,并且伴随着葡萄酒商店的服务设施。
自过去几年来,许多国际品牌已经进入了市场,像“硬石餐厅”,“TGI星期五餐厅”,“红宝石星期二',Ruby Tuesday's', Pop Tate's, 'Ministry of Sound(MOS)''等类似的连锁店已开始摆脱国内。
沙洛姆,Laidbackwaters,Geoffrey's Dhadkkan at Solan,喜马偕尔邦和所有体育酒吧都是少数受欢迎的种类。
意大利在意大利,酒吧更像是咖啡屋,人们去那享受早上或是下午的时光,经常喝些咖啡,卡布奇诺,一些含热量的巧克力,吃一些种类的快餐像是甜点和三明治,而且,各种种类的酒品饮料也被供应。
开放的各种时间:一些酒吧经常的开放的非常早,在晚上关的也相对早,其他的特别是靠近剧院或电影院可能会开放到很晚,直到深夜,在大的城市,像是米兰,罗马,都灵,热那亚,许多大型的酒吧也是餐厅和迪斯科俱乐部,在夜晚的时候许多的意大利酒吧被介绍时叫做所谓的“开胃酒”,每个人购买酒品然后很随便参加自助餐,有美味的沙拉,蔬菜和各种类型的小菜被放在碟子里。
西班牙在西班牙,酒吧是很常见的,它们在西班牙文化中扮演了非常重要的角色。
在西班牙,一个城镇有许多的酒吧甚至在同一条街有许多家。
如果天气允许的话,许多的酒吧在自己的店铺外有一系列的小街或者广场,在这些地方撑几把大的遮阳伞,并在下面放一些桌子和椅子供顾客使用。
西班牙酒吧也以提供范围广泛的三明治(bocadillos)和被叫做tapas or pinchos的小吃,。
大部分的西班牙酒吧都提供餐前小吃,但是其中有些是在互补的基础上送达的,其余的饮料或者食物是要顾客自己订购并且付款的。
通常,在西班牙南部的酒吧提供免费的饮料与小吃,而往往在北西班牙酒吧是要付款的。
由于最近通过一项法令,禁止一些酒吧吸烟,尽管这些酒吧相对来说比较少。
大型酒吧一定是有设置无烟区的。
西班牙是酒吧比例最高的国家,每千名居民就有6个酒吧,这3倍于英国的比例,4倍于德国的,它甚至双倍于欧洲联盟的老15个成员国的酒吧数量。
这个词“酒吧“在西班牙的含义,然而,在许多其他语言中没有负面含义。
对于西班牙人来说,酒吧基本上是一个聚会场所,而不一定是一个地方从事酒精饮料的消费的场所。
因此,儿童通常允许进入酒吧,而且在一周的最后一个晚上经常可以看到酒吧里有许多家庭。
在小城镇,'酒吧'可能构成了社会生活的中心,习惯上,经过社会活动,如星期日天主教弥撒,人们去酒吧,其中包括老人和儿童。